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Putnam's Word Book / A Practical Aid in Expressing Ideas Through the Use of an Exact and Varied Vocabulary cover

Putnam's Word Book / A Practical Aid in Expressing Ideas Through the Use of an Exact and Varied Vocabulary

Chapter 17: L
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About This Book

The volume compiles synonyms, antonyms, and associated words in alphabetic order to aid precise expression, including abbreviations and usage notes. It emphasizes that listed words are similar but not always interchangeable and encourages consulting a dictionary for exact meanings. The collection includes technical and regional terms, memory-help associated-word lists, and an addenda of additional entries. Its practical organization targets students, writers, and specialists seeking alternatives and nuanced vocabulary.

L

labor, n. toil, work, drudgery, task, industry, travail.

labor, v. toil, work, drudge, slave, moil, travail.

labored, a. studied, elaborate, overwrought, stiff, unnatural.

laborer, n. toiler, workman, stevedore, roustabout, drudge, hack, peon, coolie, navvy.

laborious, a. toilsome, arduous, onerous; diligent, industrious, sedulous.

labyrinth, n. maze, intricacy, complexity.

lace, n. string, cord, thong, aglet.

lacerate, v. tear, rend, mangle, laniate, harrow, wound, harry, distress.

laceration, n. tearing, rending, laniation, harrowing, wound.

lack, v. need, want, be in need of, require, sedulous.

lack, n. want, need, deficiency, dearth, paucity, scarcity, drought, default, deficit, insufficiency, inadequacy, shortness.

lackadaisical, a. pensive, dreamy, languishing, die-away.

lackey, n. flunky.

lacking, a. deficient, insufficient, unsupplied, shy, wanting, devoid.

ladylove, n. See sweetheart.

lag, v. fall behind, loiter, linger, delay, saunter.

laggard, n. loiterer, lagger, lingerer, saunterer, idler.

lake, n. pond; lagoon. Associated words: lacustrine, lacustral.

lamb, n. eanling, yeanling, lambkin, cosset.

lambaste, v. (Low) pommel, maul, belabor, beat, strike.

lame, v. disable, maim, cripple, hamstring.

lame, a. crippled, hobbling, limping, halt, deformed, game, maimed, disabled; inconclusive, unconvincing, inefficient, feeble, unsatisfactory.

lament, v. bemoan, weep, wail, deplore, grieve, bewail, mourn.

lamentable, a. deplorable, grievous, pitiable, distressing, sorrowful.

lamentation, n. wailing, lament, grief, bewailing, plaint, sorrow.

lamented, a. mourned for, deplored.

lampoon, v. libel, defame, satirize.

lampoon, n. libel, pasqinade, iambic.

lance, n. spear, javelin, harpoon.

land, n. terra firma; country; freehold, ground, soil, earth; realty, real estate; demesne, glebe, close, garth, holm, arado, assart, reliction, dereliction, alluvium, cadastre, appanage, arable, fallow, allodium, innings, abuttal; farm, plantation; continent, island, peninsula, delta, isthmus, headland, cape, plateau, barens. Associated words: agronomy, agronomist, agronomics, agronomic, agricultre, agricultral, agriculturist, georgics, geoponics, escheat, arable, inarable, agrarian, agrarianism, agrarianize, topography, tilth, terrain, terrene, till, geoscopy, geoponic.

land, v. disembark, debark; capture.

landing, n. disembarkation, debarkation; wharf, dock, quay; capture.

landlord, n. host, hotel-keeper, inn-keeper, Boniface; owner, proprietor.

Land of promise. Canaan.

landscape, n. scene, scenery, view, prospect.

language, n. speech, tongue, vernacular; dialect; idiom, phraseology, diction; argot, flash, slang, lingo, cant, jargon, gibberish; Volapuk, pasilaly, Esperanto. Associated words: lingual, linguistic, linguist, linguistics, philology, philologist, philological, polyglot, glottology, glossology, paleography, glossologist, monoglot, grammar grammarian, chrestomathy, glossolaly, collingual.

languid, a. unanimated, flagging, lifeless, supine, listless, sluggish, tardy, slow.

languor, n. exhaustion, lassitude, inanition, listlessness.

lanky, a. gangling, overgrown.

lapse, n. slip, misstep, indiscretion; backsliding; devolution.

lard, n. grease; leaflard, flare; axunge.--v. interlard.

larder, n. buttery, pantry, spence.

lardy, a. lardaceous.

large, a. big, extensive, huge, unwieldy, vast, massive, immense, colossal, gigantic, bulky; ample, copious, liberal, unstinted; generous, liberal, munificent, princely; hypertrophied; spacious, commodious, capacious.

lariat, n. lasso, reata.

lark, n. frolic.

larrup, v. (Colloq.) whip, beat, trounce, flog.

larva, n. caterpillar, grub, maggot; pl. larvæ. Associated words: silphology, pupa, chrysalis.

lascivious, a. lewd, libidinous, salacious. See lustful.

lash, n. scourge, thong, whip.

lash, v. scourge, castigate, flagellate; satirize, scold, rate. See whip.

lashing, n. scourging, castigation, flagellation; satire, scolding, rating.

lassitude, n. languor, weariness, exhaustion, languidness, enervation.

lasso, n. lariat, cabestro, reata.

last, a. final, hindmost, farthest, latest, ultimate.

last, v. continue, endure, remain.

lasting, a. enduring, durable, permanent, imperishable, abiding. Antonyms: ephemeral, transitory, fleeting, transient, fugitive, impermanent.

lastingness, n. durability, permanence, indestructibility, imperishability.

lastly, adv. finally.

late, a. tardy, delayed; recent.

lately, adv. recently.

latent, a. concealed, dormant, undeveloped, hidden.

later, a. subsequent, posterior.

latitude, n. breadth, width; room, range, scope, extent, freedom; laxity.

lattice, n. trellis, lattice-work; cancelli; grille.

lattice-work, n. lattice, trellis, treillage, espailier.

laud, v. extol, praise. See praise.

laudable, a. praisworth, commendable. Antonyms: illaudable, unpraiseworthy, indign.

laudatory, a. panegyrical, eulogistic, encomiastic, adulatory, commendatory.

laugh, v. cachinnate, roar, giggle, snicker, titter, chuckle, grin, twitter, cackle, chortle, hawhaw.

laughable, a. risible, comic, ludicrous, droll, facetious, farcical, amusing. See funny.

laughing, a. merry, gleeful, mirthful, smiling.

laughing gas. protoxide of nitrogen, nitrous oxide, hyponitrous oxide.

laughter, n. mirth, laugh, cachinnation, giggle, snicker, roar, cackle, grin, chortle, chuckle, guffaw, titter. Associated words: risible, risibles, risibility, risorial, abderian, sardonic, geloscopy, gelastic.

laugh to scorn. deride, ridicule.

launch, v. set afloat; set going, start; throw, hurl; expatiate, descant.

lava field. pedregal (Mexico and Western U.S.).

lavish, a. profuse, prodigal, free, unstinted; superabundant, immoderate, excessive, exuberant.

lavish, v. spend lavishly, bestow with profusion.

law, n. statute, ordinance, edict, enactment, decree, canon, usage. Associated words: jurisprudence, nomology, nomography, nomocracy, antinomy, dysnomy, neonomian, code, codex, codify, codification, digest, forensic, legislate, legislation, legislative, enact, ordain, repeal, veto, jurat, juratory, juridic, juridical, jurist, juris consult, publicist, jurisprudent, juristic, pandect, moratory, judicial, causidical, nomothetic, nomistic.

law-breaker, n. criminal, malefactor, culprit, felon, delinquent, offender, sinner.

law-breaking, n. crime, misdemeanor, transgression, violation.

lawful, a. legal, legitimate, licit, legalized. Antonyms: See unlawful.

lawfulness, n. legality, legitimacy. Antonyms: unlawfulness, illegality.

lawing, n. litigation, lawsuit.

lawless, a. anarchical, riotous, mobocratic, licentious.

lawlessness, n. anarchy, unrestraint, abandon, mobocracy, license, riot.

lawmaker, n. legislator, lawgiver, Solon.

lawmaking, n. legislation.

lawsuit, n. litigation, case, suit, action. Associated words: litigant, litigate, litigious, litigable, barratry.

lawyer, n. attorney, counselor, barrister, counsel, advocate, attorney-at-law, solicitor; pettifogger; (dishonest) shyster. Associated words: client, clientele.

lax, a. loose, slack, flabby, relaxed; loose, vague, equivocal, doubtful; slack, remiss, negligent; unrestrained, dissolute, licentious.

laxative, a. aperient.

laxative, n. aperient.

laxness, n. laxity, looseness; relaxation, flabbiness; remissness, negligence, slackness.

lay, v. deposit, place; impose, assess; impute, charge, ascribe, attribute; submit, present, offer; superimpose.

lay, n. song, ballad, lyric.

lay, a. laic, laical.

layer, n. stratum, course, tier.

laymen, n. pl. laity.

lay open. uncover, reveal, expose, disclose, exhibit, show.

lay over. overlay, cover, apply; defer, postpone, prorogue.

lay siege to. besiege, beset, bombard, obsess.

lay to heart. take to heart, be grieved at, feel keenly, consider seriously.

lay up. store, treasure, save, hoard, garner; confine, disable.

lay wait for. lie in ambush for.

lay waste. desolate, devastate, pillage, sack, spoliate.

laziness, n. indolence, sloth.

lazy, a. indolent, slothful, sluggard, dronish. Antonyms: diligent, industrious, sedulous, hardworking.

lazy person. sluggard, drone, idler.

lea, n. meadow, lay, mead.

leach, v. lixiviate.

leaching, n. lixiviation.

lead, n. plumbum (Chem.); graphite, plumbago (black lead); plummet; blende (mock lead).

lead, v. guide, conduct, escort, direct; precede; induce, entice, influence, allure, persuade, actuate, impel; conduce, contribute, tend; have precedence; have charge of, command, head.

lead, n. precedence, initiative, command, guidance.

lead astray. mislead, seduce.

leader, n. guide, commander, corypheus, pilot, bellwether, protagonist, chief.

leadership, n. direction, command, guidance; primacy, supremacy, domination, hegemony.

leading, a. chief, principal, premiere, influential, guiding.

leaf, n. blade, spire; folio; lithophyll (fossil leaf). Associated words: foliar, foliferous, foliaceous, foliation, defoliate, defoliation, frond, bract, frondation, frondesce, frondescence, verticil, whorl, acanthus deciduous, indeciduous.

leaf-green, n. chlorophyll.

leaf-stalk, n. petiole.

league, n. alliance, confederation, coalition, confederacy, union, federation, association.

league, v. combine, confederate.

leak, v. percolate, filter, ooze.

leaky, a. defective.

lean, v. incline, slope, recline, tend; rely, depend; careen.

lean, a. thin, lank, spare, meager, poor, skinny, gaunt, emaciated, marcid, angular; slender, scant, bare.

leaning, a. reclining, inclining, supine.

leaning, n. inclination, tendency, propensity, bent, bias, proneness, predisposition, proclivity; reclination.

lean-to, n. penthouse, addition, shed.

leap, v. spring, jump, vault, bound, caper, gambol, prance, cavort, curvet.

leap, n. spring, jump, vault, bound, capriole.

leaping, a. springing, jumping, salient, saltigrade, saltatory.

leaping, n. springing, saltation, salience.

leap year. bissextile.

learn, v. master, acquire knowledge.

learned, a. educated, erudite, lettered, scholarly.

learning, n. education, erudition, lore, scholarship, knowledge. Associated words: savant, philomath, philomathy, misology, oracle, pedant, pedantry.

lease, v. let, demise, rent.

lease, n. letting, demise; tenure. Associated words: lessee, lessor.

least, n. minimum. Associated words: minimize, minimization.

least, a. smallest, minimum.

leather-burning, n. pyrography.

leathery, a. coriaceous, tough, alutaceous.

leave, n. permission; leave-taking, adieu, farewell, congé; withdrawal, retirement, departure, leaving, egress.

leave, v. depart from, vacate, retire from; abandon, forsake, desert; abstain from, forego, desist from, forbear; permit, allow, let; commit, give over, intrust, consign, deliver; will, bequeath, devise; depart, set out, start, go.

leaves, n. pl. foliage, leafage. See leaf.

leavetaking, n. farewell, valedictory, congé, adieu.

leavings, n. pl. remnants, fragments, offal, refuse, waste, scraps, culls, orts.

lecher, n. rake, libertine, whoremonger.

lechery, n. libertinism, licentiousness.

lecture, n. discourse, address, dissertation, prelection; reproof, scolding.

lecture, v. discourse, address; reprove, censure, rate, upbraid, scold.

ledge, n. shelf; reef, ridge (of rocks); layer, stratum, lode.

left, n. Associated words: sinister, sinistral, sinistrality, sinistrorse, sinistrorsal, haw, port, larboard.

left-hand, a. sinister, left.

left-handed, a. sinister, ambilevous.

leg, n. limb, shank, shin; (bones of the leg) tibia, fibula, femur, thigh bone, epipodiale. Associated words: crotch, hock, hough, solen, cradle, puttee, hip, thigh, haunch gyve, scarpines, calf, galligaskins, spatterdashes, leggings.

legacy, n. bequest, devise.

legal, a. lawful, legitimate. Antonym: illegal.

legality, n. lawfulness, legitimacy. Antonym: illegality.

legalize, v. legitimize. Antonyms: illegalize, illegitimize.

legate, n. ambassador, envoy, representative.

legation, n. embassy.