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Putnam's Word Book / A Practical Aid in Expressing Ideas Through the Use of an Exact and Varied Vocabulary cover

Putnam's Word Book / A Practical Aid in Expressing Ideas Through the Use of an Exact and Varied Vocabulary

Chapter 24: S
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About This Book

The volume compiles synonyms, antonyms, and associated words in alphabetic order to aid precise expression, including abbreviations and usage notes. It emphasizes that listed words are similar but not always interchangeable and encourages consulting a dictionary for exact meanings. The collection includes technical and regional terms, memory-help associated-word lists, and an addenda of additional entries. Its practical organization targets students, writers, and specialists seeking alternatives and nuanced vocabulary.

S

sack, n. bag, pouch; pillage, plunder, rapine, havoc, devastation, spoliation.

sack, v. devastate, plunder, pillage, ravage, despoil, loot, rapine, strip.

sacred, a. consecrated, hallowed; venerable, sainted, religious; inviolable.

sacredness, n. sanctity, holiness; inviolability, inviolableness.

sacrifice, n. oblation, immolation; surrender, loss, giving up; holocaust; hecatomb.

sacrifice, v. offer, immolate; surrender, give up, forego.

sacrilege, n. desecration, profanation, violation.

sacrilegious, a. impious, profane, irreverent.

sad, a. sorrowful, pathetic, plaintive, doleful, piteous, lugubrious, rueful, mournful, dismal, funereal, gloomy, melancholy, disconsolate, dejected, touching; calamitous, deplorable, grievous, dire, afflictive, wretched, saturnine, grave, sober; dull, sombre, subdued; (Colloq.) bad, naughty, troublesome, mischievous, vexatious.

sadden, v. depress, dishearten; tone down, subdue.

saddle, n. Associated words: pommel, cantle, girth, pillion, stirrup, saddle-tree, croup, crutch, chapelet, tilpah, tapadero, housing, latigo, pique, panel, sinch, saddle-bow, selliform, holster, mochila.

sadness, n. melancholy, pathos, sorrow, gravity, soberness, seriousness.

safe, a. unharmed, intact, unscathed, immune; trustworthy, reliable, sure, secure, invulnerable, impregnable. Antonyms: unsafe, endangered, insecure.

safe-conduct, n. convoy, guard, escort; pass, passport.

safeguard, n. defense, security, palladium, protection, convoy, guard; passport.

safeguard, v. guard, defend, protect, shield.

safekeeping, n. guardianship, care, custody, charge, preservation.

safety, n. security, custody; immunity, exemption.

sagacious, a. intelligent, knowing, shrewd, discerning.

sagacity, n. intelligence, shrewdness, cleverness, ingenuity, wisdom.

sail, v. navigate, cruise, embark.--n. sailing, cruise, embarkation.

sailable, a. navigable.

sailcloth, n. canvas, duck, tarpaulin, raven's-duck.

sailing, n. navigation; circumnavigation (sailing round); orthodromics, orthodromy.

sailor, n. mariner, navigator, seaman, seafarer, tarpaulin, tar, salt, Jacky.

sailor's song. chantey.

sailor's wages. portage.

saint, n. Associated words: canonize, canonization, hagiology, hagiologist, hagiolatry, hagiolater, hagiography, Hagiographa, dulia, legend, diptych, feretory, philatory, relic, apse, reliquary, shrine, saintism, sainthood, saintship, hagiographer, hierotheca.

sainted, a. holy, pious, saintly, consecrated; canonized.

Saint Vitus's dance. chorea. Associated word: choreic.

salable, a. vendible, marketable. Antonyms: unsalable, unmarketable.

salacious, a. lascivious, lecherous, concupiscent. See lustful.

salad, n. Associated word: acetarious.

sale, n. vendition, market; auction; handsel.

salient, a. prominent, conspicuous, noticeable, striking.

saliva, n. spittle, sputum, spit. Associated words: salivate, salivation, insalivate, insalivation, salivant, salivary, ptyalism, salival, salivous, expectorant, drool, drivel, ptyalogogue, sialogogue, ptysmagogue.

sally, n. spring, leap; sortie; witticism, jest, frolic, escapade.

saloon, n. grogshop, barroom, groggery, dramshop.

sal soda. carbonate of soda.

salt, n. chloride of sodium.

salt, n. seasoning, flavor, savor, taste; piquancy, wit, sense, humor; old sailor.

saltness, n. salinity, salineness, saltiness.

salt of wisdom. alembroth.

saltpetre, n. potassium nitrate, nitre, nitrate of potash.

salt spring. saline.

salt works. salina.

salty, a. saline, brackish, saltish, salt, briny, saliferous.

salute, v. address, greet, hail, welcome, accost.--n. salutation.

salvation, n. redemption. Associated word: soteriology.

salve, n. ointment, cerate, embrocation, emollient, balm, unguent.

salve, v. anoint, embrocate, heal; remedy, cure.

sal-volatile, n. carbonate of ammonia, salts of hartshorn, smelling salts.

same, a. identical, invariable, uniform, analogous, similar, cognate; isomeric, isonomic. Antonyms: See different.

sameness, n. identity, identicalness, similarity, correspondence, uniformity, analogy, parity, invariability, parallelism; monotony; isomerism.

sample, n. specimen, example, illustration, exemplification, instance, pattern.

sanction, n. confirmation, ratification, authorization, penalty, punishment.

sanction, v. confirm, ratify, approve, countenance.

sanctity, n. godliness, saintliness, inviolability, sacredness.

sanctuary, n. shrine, sanctum, adytum; Holy of Holies; church, temple.

sand, n. sandy soil; quicksand, syrtis; arena (Med.). Associated words: dune, downs, arenicolous, burst, sabulosity (sandiness), psammophilous, ammophilous, medano, eschar, os, kame, arenarious.

sand, n. (Slang) grit, pluck, nerve, courage, fearlessness, audacity, spirit.

sand bath. arenation, psammotherapy, inhumation, saburration.

sandglass, n. hourglass.

Sandwich islands. Associated word: Kanacka (native).

sandy, a. sabulous, gritty, arenaceous, arenose.

sane, a. underanged, rational, sound, lucid, compos mentis.

sanguinary, a. bloody, murderous; cruel, truculent, bloodthirsty.

sanitarium, n. sanatorium, health retreat.

sanity, n. saneness, rationality.

sap, v. mine, undermine, subvert; exhaust, drain, unsettle.

saphead, n. (Slang) simpleton, sap, dolt.

sappy, a. juicy, lush, succulent; (Low) silly, foolish, half-witted.

sapwood, n. alburnum.

sarcastic, a. satirical, taunting, ironical, derisive, sneering.

sash, n. girdle.

Satan, n. devil, Belial, Apollyon, Abaddon, Asmodeus, Prince of Darkness, Archfiend, the Evil One, the Tempter, the Arch Enemy.

satchel, n. handbag, valise.

satiate, v. surfeit, pall, glut, overfeed, cloy, gorge.

satiety, n. satiation, surfeit, cloyment, over-fullness.

satire, n. irony, sarcasm, ridicule, lampoon, pasquinade.

satirical, a. bitter, sarcastic, ironical, caustic, mordacious.

satirize, v. lampoon, ridicule, lash.

satisfaction, n. gratification; contentment, complacency, content, comfort; reparation, indemnification, requital, reimbursement, recompense; atonement, amends. Antonyms: dissatisfaction, discontent.

satisfactory, a. sufficient, satisfying, conclusive, gratify, ing, atoning.

satisfy, v. gratify, content, appease, satiate, suffice; indemnify, repay.

sauce, n. (Low) sauciness, impertinence, insolence, rudeness

saucy, a. impertinent, insolent, pert, impudent, malapert, flippant.

saunter, v. loiter, linger, straggle, lounge, stroll, delay, dawdle, lag.

savable, a. salvable.

savage, a. uncivilized, barbarous; ferocious, ravenous, fierce, untamed; brutal, fell, truculent, implacable, atrocious, ferocious, inhuman.

savage, n. barbarian; cannibal.

savages, n. pl. Associated words: agriology, agriologist.

save, v. rescue, deliver, redeem; preserve, conserve, keep; reserve, hoard, garner; economize, husband; spare, obviate, prevent, forefend, shield, protect.

save, prep.or conj. except, excepting, reserving.

saving, a. preserving, redemptory, redeeming; preservative, conservative; frugal, thrifty, economical, provident, sparing, choice, chary. Antonyms: lavish, extravagant, prodigal, unthrifty, profuse, wasteful.

saving, n. treasure, hoard, reserve; exception, reservation, salvation, rescue, redemption, deliverance; preservation, conservation; salvage.

savingness, n. frugality, parsimony, thrift, providence, economy, chariness. Antonyms: extravagance, prodigality, improvidence.

savory, a. gustable, palatable, toothsome, fragrant. Antonyms: unsavory, impalatable.

savvy, v. (Slang) understand, comprehend.--n. understanding, comprehension.

saw, n. maxim, adage, apothegm. See saying.

sawbones, n. (Nickname) surgeon.

sawer, n. sawyer.

saw tooth. serration, serrature, serrulation.

saw-toothed, a. serrate, serrated, serrulate.

say, v. utter, express, mention, pronounce, speak, declare, tell, articulate, recite, rehearse; state, assert, affirm, allege, aver, asseverate, predicate, cite; suppose, assume, presume.

saying, n. utterance, declaration, statement, pronunciation, mention, assertion, affirmation, citation, averment, asseveration, alleging, recital, rehearsal.

saying, n. maxim, saw, proverb, apothegm, aphorism, adage, dictum, precept, axiom, motto, quotation.

scab, n. eschar, incrustation; mange.

scabby, a. scabbed, scaly, scabious, mangy.

scaffold, n. staging, scaffolding; gallows.

scalawag, n. (Slang) scamp, rascal, rogue, scapegrace, miscreant, scoundrel, villain, caitiff, varlet.

scale, n. flake, lamina, leprosity, lamella, squama, incrustation.

scale, n. (Mus.) gamut, sol-fa. Associated words: diatonic, chromatic, tonic.

scale, n. (Bot.) squamula, lodicule; fulcrum.

scale, v. exfoliate, desquamate; climb, ascend, mount, clamber, escalade.

scales, n. pl. balance; steelyards, Roman balance.

scalloped, a. pinked; crenate, crenated (Bot.).

scaly, a. flaky, squamose, leprose, squamoid, scurvy; (Low) mean, low, contemptible, scurvy, despicable.

scamble, v. sprawl, wabble, shamble; scramble, jostle.

scamp, v. (Colloq.) slight, skimp.

scamp, n. rascal, knave, miscreant, caitiff, scapegrace, scoundrel.

scamper, v. hasten away, scud, hie, run, scuttle, scatter.

scandal, n. reproach, opprobrium, disgrace, odium, shame; slander.

scandalize, v. shock, offend, displease; disgrace; slander, defame, vilify.

scandalous, a. defamatory, libellous, slanderous; infamous, disgraceful, opprobrious, shameful, disreputable.

scant, a. scanty, meager, insufficient, inadequate; sparing, saving, chary.

scant, v. limit, straiten, stint.

scantness, n. smallness, narrowness, inadequacy, insufficiency, meagerness, scantiness.

scanty, a. insufficient, inadequate, meager; sparing, illiberal, niggardly.

scapegrace, n. rogue, scamp, blacksheep, miscreant.

scar, n. cicatrix, seam, cicatrice; blemish, disfigurement, flaw. Associated words: cicatricial, cicatrisive, cicatrizant, cicatrize, cicatrization, escharotic.

scarce, a. rare, unplentiful, deficient.

scarcity, n. dearth, deficiency, insufficiency, lack, drought, rarity, paucity.

scare, v. frighten, intimidate, terrify, daunt, cow, appall, startle, affright, alarm, browbeat, dismay, terrorize, overawe. Antonym: reassure.

scare, n. fright, alarm, terror, panic, consternation.

scarecrow, n. guy, effigy; ragamuffin.

scarf, n. muffler, tippet, neckcloth, neckerchief, cravat, necktie, maniple.

scarfskin, n. epidermis, cuticle.

scary, a. (Colloq.) timid, apprehensive, alarming, frightful.

scatter, v. dissipate, disperse, dispel, separate; intersperse.

scatter-brained, a. giddy, thoughtless, flighty, careless.

scattering, a. scattered, sporadic.

scattering, n. dissipation, dispersion; interspersion.

scene, n. spectacle, show, exhibition, display, view, scenery.

scenery, n. view, landscape, prospect.

scent, n. odor, smell, perfume; flair. See smell.

scepter, n. royal mace, sovereignty.

schedule, n. list, catalogue, table.

scheme, n. design, plan, project, machination, intrigue, cabal; outline, draught, arrangement, plan, system.

scheme, v. devise, excogitate, plan, machinate, plot, design.

schemer, n. plotter, intriguer, machinator, intrigant, planner, contriver.

scheming, a. artful, designing, intriguing, Machiavelian, tricky, wily, insidious. Antonyms: guileless, undesigning, artless.

schismatic, a. dissentious, heretical, dissentient, schismatical.

schismatic, n. nonconformist, dissenter, separatist, heretic, sectary.

scholar, n. pupil, student, learner, disciple; savant, philomath.

scholarly, a. scholarlike, erudite, scholastic.

scholarship, n. erudition, learning, knowledge, attainments, polymathy.

school, n. institute, academy, seminary, college, gymnasium conservatory, university; denomination, sect; shoal; clinic.

school, v. train, educate, drill, teach.

schooling, n. education, training, nurture, discipline; tuition.

scientist, n. savant.

scintilla, n. iota, trace, whit, particle, mite, bit, tittle, jot, scrap, atom.