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Pyrotechnics: The History and Art of Firework Making

Chapter 28: INDEX
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About This Book

A comprehensive survey traces the origins and evolution of fireworks, examining early uses in the East and Europe, their role in public entertainments and pleasure gardens, and changes through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It explains manufacturing methods and safety practices, catalogs simple and compound devices (rockets, shells, mines, wheels and lances), and details pyrotechnic compositions and modern variants. Military applications and wartime developments are considered alongside civil display techniques, accidents and preventative measures. The volume includes technical diagrams, coloured illustrations, ingredient lists and a bibliography to support practical and historical study.

INDEX

  • Abdulla, 15
  • Aberdeen Line, 174
  • Abridgments, Patent Office, 165
  • Absent-minded Beggar, 53
  • Abusavanani, 11
  • Accidents, 74, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87
  • Acetate of copper, 145
  • Adirvedis, 10
  • Admiralty, 169
  • Aerial maroons, 109
  • Aeroplane signal lights, 172
  • Aix, Island of, 160
  • Aix-la-Chapelle, 28, 45, 123
  • Albertus Magnus, 14, 91
  • Alcohol, 130, 147
  • Alexander the Great, 6
  • Alexander II, 46
  • Alexandra Palace, 38
  • Alexandria, 48
  • Alphonso, Duke, 15
  • Alum, 146
  • Aluminium, 150, 173
  • Amber, 140, 146
  • America, 161
  • Ammonium chloride, 129, 142
  • Angelo, Mr., 33
  • Antimony, 139
  • Antimony sulphide, 146
  • Antoine de Lalaing, 15
  • Antoni, 149
  • Aqua ardens, 141
  •     „     vitæ, 125, 140
  • Arabic gum, 150
  • Arc de Triomphe, 50
  • Arctic regions, 52
  • Arsenal, Woolwich, 43
  • Arsenic sulphide, 10, 146
  • Arthur’s Seat, 45
  • Artichauts, 118
  • Artifices portatifs, 112
  • Artillerists’ Manual, 149
  • Artillery bomb, 105
  • Astley, senior, 36, 37
  • Avalanche, 50
  • Augustin, Col., 160
  • Austrian Government, 161
  •     „     Army, 161
  • Babington, John, 26, 92, 96, 103, 110, 111, 121, 140
  • Bacon, Roger, 14, 91
  • Bagdad, 7
  • Bags, 110
  • Bailey, Bill, 53
  • Balloon, Air, 103
  •     „     Fire, 60
  •     „     Gas, 103
  •     „     Coehorne, 107
  •     „     double and triple, 107
  • Balloone, 104
  • Balon, 105
  • Bate, John, 17, 27, 91, 96, 103, 104, 112, 122, 123, 140, 141
  • Baton à feu, 117
  • Battle, Bantry Bay, 49
  •     „     Jutland, 49
  •     „     Nile, 40, 49
  •     „     Trafalgar, 48, 49
  •     „     Tsu-Shima, 49
  • Beacon, signal, 157
  • Beaconsfield, 51
  • Beckman, Sir Martin, 27
  • Bell, Sergeant, 177
  • Bell’s Weekly Messenger, 63
  • Belvue Gardens, 38
  • Benedict, Oil of, 140
  • Bengal lights, 120
  •     „     saltpetre, 120, 136
  • Bergheri, Victory of, 22
  • Berlin, 159
  • Bermondsey Spa, 36
  • Berthollet, 144
  • Bird scarers, 178
  • Bismuth, 146
  • Black antimony, 139
  • Black Jack, 97
  • Blackmore, 33
  • Blaney, Lord, 42
  • Blantyre, Africa, 55
  • Blondin, 52
  • Blowing charge, 114
  • Blue devil, 97
  • Blue vitriol, 129
  • Bobb’s Hall Tavern, 36
  • Boiled oil, 140
  • Boleyn, Anne, 16
  • Bomb, Artillery, 105
  •     „     Firework, 105
  •     „     Rocket, 159
  •     „     Thermit, 172
  •     „     War, 105
  • Bombardment, Alexandria, 48
  •     „     Canton, 49
  •     „     Sebastopol, 49
  • Bombay, 39, 55
  • Bombshell, 15, 103
  • Bone ash, 146
  • Bonfire, 24, 58
  • Bordeaux, 158
  • Borings, Iron, 98
  • Boulogne Harbour, 159
  • Bounced lances, 128
  • Bounces, 97, 99
  • Bouquets, 127
  • Bourne, William, 162
  • Bow, 161
  • Boxer, R.A., Lt.-Col., 67, 177
  • Boxing kangaroo, 52
  • Boxing match, 51
  • Boyers, Captain, 160
  • Brand, Peter, 15
  • Bridge of Louis XVI, 42
  • Bright composition, 120
  • Brilliant fire, 133, 138
  • Brittany, Duke of, 21
  • Brock, 34, 36
  •     „     Arthur, 48, 78
  •     „     Charles Thomas, 46, 54, 68
  •     „     C. T., & Co., 166, 178
  •     „     F. A., Wing Comdr., 166
  •     „     William, 33, 37, 46, 63, 115
  • Brooklyn Bridge, 55
  • Burglar alarm, 178
  • Burgundy, Duke of, 21
  • Burnham, J. L., & Co., 175
  • Bursting Charge, 108
  • Burusu, 11
  • Burying mortars, 87
  • Cadiz, 160
  • Caillot, 33, 35
  • Calaminaris, Lapis, 141
  • Calcium phosphide, 153
  • Calcutta, 55
  • Calcutta Journal, 161
  • Callao, 160
  • Calomel, 143
  • Camphor, 140, 146
  • Canton, Bombardment of, 49
  • Cap, Rocket, 96
  • Caprice, 132, 133
  • Caps, Percussion, 67
  • Carbonate of soda, 146
  • Carcasses, 156
  • Carpet piece, 127
  • Cascades, 30, 126
  • Cases, 71;
  • Wood, 105;
  • Turning, 126;
  • Bamboo, 4;
  • Rocket, 93;
  • Cap for, 125;
  • Iron, 159
  • Cast iron, pulverised, 141
  • Cat fight, 52
  • Cathedral, Salisbury, 50
  •     „     Worcester, 50
  • Catherine wheel, 118, 119
  • Cenotaph, 30
  • Cetewayo, King, 50
  • Chaillot Barriere, 42
  • Challoner, Sir Thomas, 18
  • Chambers’ Encyclopædia, 156
  • Champs Elysées, 42
  • Chandelle romain, 113
  • Chandrajota, 11
  • Charcoal, 3, 7, 11, 14, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 138
  • Charging, 71
  • Charging tools for rocket, 92
  • Charles II, Coronation, 27
  • Charles XI of Sweden, 24
  • Chateau Grand display, 21
  • Cherbourg, 43
  • Chertier, F. M., 146, 149, 150
  • Chesapeake and Shannon, 49
  • Chester accident, Pen., U.S.A., 83
  •     „     Races, 17
  • Chiesa stick, 179
  • Chinese crackers, 8, 10
  •     „     displays, 89, 99
  •     „     fire, 4, 8, 11, 98
  •     „     flyer, 116
  •     „     tree, 97, 98
  • Chlorate accidents, 74, 85, 86
  • Chlorates and sulphur, 145
  • Chlorate of potash, 10, 74, 77, 84, 85, 86, 87, 144, 146
  • Chloride of ammonium, 142
  • Choke of a case, 94
  • Chromatrope, 131
  • Cinnabar, 146
  • Civil and military pyrotechny, 57
  • Civita Vecchia accident, 83
  • Clanfield, 34, 35
  • Clariner of Nuremberg, 20
  • Clarke, W., 37
  • Classification of pieces, 126
  • Claudius, 13
  • Clayed, 110
  • Clay choke, 94
  • Cleats, 125
  • Clifton Zoological Gardens, 38
  • Clithero, 33, 34, 35, 36, 61
  • Clubs, 112
  •     „     Fire, 17
  • Coal (mineral), 146
  • Coastguard, 176
  • Cobalt oxide, 146
  • Cobonell & Sons, 37
  • Cochrane, Admiral, 160
  • Cockerill, 65
  • Coehorn Balloon, 107
  • Collins, Lottie, 53
  • Colombo, 55
  • “Colossus,” torpedo boat attack, 49
  • Coloured military smoke, 172
  •     „     stars, 11, 113
  • Colour case, 119
  •     „     cloud shells, 8
  • Colquhoun, Lt., 178
  • Columbus Centenary, 55
  • Comet, 108
  • Competition, Firework, 46
  • Composition, Bright, 120;
  • Flare, 11;
  • Golden Fountain, 110;
  • for Rockets, 93, 95
  •     „     Incendiary, 156;
  • magnesium flash, 17
  •     „     Slow, 103
  • Compositions, Pyrotechnic, 138
  • Compound fireworks, 121
  • Cone, Paper, 108
  • Cones, 28
  • Congreve, 41
  • Congreve, Sir W., 158, 159, 160, 161, 162
  • Constantinople, Defence of, 7
  • Copenhagen, 160
  • Copper, 142, 143
  •     „     acetate, 129, 142
  •     „     sulphate, 129, 142, 146
  • Coronation of Alexander II, 46
  •     „     George IV, 41
  •     „     Victoria, 41
  •     „     William IV, 41
  • Coston light, 175
  • Cotton, Madame, 66
  • Cotton wick, 125
  • Courantins, 123
  • Court, 162
  • Covent Garden, 28
  • Crackers, 13, 14, 58, 91, 92, 110, 112
  • Cremorne Gardens, 37, 38
  • Crimean War, Peace Rejoicings, 43
  • Cromwell Gardens, 36
  • Crude antimony, 139
  • Crundall, Mr. F., 174
  • Crusaders, 15
  • Crystal Palace displays, 38, 46, 68, 108, 119, 128
  • Cullen, Peter van, 15
  • Cunard Line, 176
  • Cylindrical shell, 105
  • Dallas accident, 83
  • Dantzic, 160
  • Danube, 55
  • Darby, 66
  • Dark fire, 114
  • Dauphin 1730, 21
  •     „     1782, 22
  • Delhi, Mosque at, 50
  • “De Miribilibus Mundi,” 14
  • Denisse, 149
  • Denmark, 157
  •     „     King of, 18
  • Dennett, Mr., 176
  • D’Ernst, 41
  • Devil, Blue, 97
  • Diamond Jubilee, 55
  • “Dictionnaire Morbilier Français,” 154
  • Dijon, 20
  • Dillar, 37
  • Display, Calcutta, 55
  •     „     Chinese, 21, 89, 99
  •     „     Crystal Palace, 38, 46, 68, 108, 119, 128
  • Display, Delhi, 55
  •     „     fireworks, 84
  •     „     Guards, 35
  •     „     Portsmouth Fleet, 45
  • Distress signal, 175
  • Don Pedro, 14
  • Double and triple balloons, 107
  •     „     line-rockets, 123
  •     „     tourbillions, 117
  •     „     triangle wheel, 131
  • Dover, Attack on, 46
  • Dragon, 16
  • Drain tester, 178
  • Dreadnought, 49
  • Drewett, 65
  • Drift, 72, 94
  • Dubbing, 119
  • Duffel, 38
  • Dunnet, Sergeant, 160
  • Dunois, 158
  • Dutens, 14
  • “E” Smoke Float, 168
  • Eagle, The, 37
  • Edinburgh, 45
  • Edward, Prince of Wales, 55
  • Eider, Wreck of the, 50
  • Elizabeth, Princess, 30
  •     „     Queen, 18
  • Elvetham, 18
  • Emperor, 1853, Fête of the, 43
  • Emperor’s birthday, 1859, 43
  • Empress of India, 55
  • Encyclopedia, English, 113
  •     „     Military, 107
  • Entente Cordiale, 43, 55
  • Erith explosion, 67, 68
  • Eruption of Mt. Etna, 34
  • Eton, 56
  • Etoupille, 125
  • Evelyn, John, 19, 28
  • “Everyday Book,” Hone’s, 56, 59
  • Experiments at Nunhead, 68
  • Explosives Acts, 68, 69
  •     „     magazine, 67
  •     „     ploughing, 178
  • Factory rules, 69
  • Fair, Postdown, 32
  • Fairbanks, Douglas, 50
  • Falcon Court firework maker, 59
  • Falling rocket sticks, 87
  • Feather, 119
  • Ferrara, Duke of, 15
  • Festivals, religious, 11
  • Fête, Imperial, 55
  •     „     of the Emperor, 1853, 43
  • Fêtes, Baptismal, 1856, 43
  •     „     Military, 1852, 43
  • Feux croises, 127
  • Filings, Steel, 141
  • Filling, 71
  • Finch’s Grotto Gardens, 36
  • Fine-grain powder, 99, 114
  • Fire, 4
  •     „     balloons, 60
  •     „     brilliant, 133, 138
  •     „     Chinese, 4, 8, 11, 98
  •     „     clubs, 17
  •     „     Drake, 92
  •     „     Greek, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 153, 154, 156
  •     „     lances, 112
  •     „     pumps, 112, 113;
  • wheels, 122
  •     „     spur, 139
  •     „     torches, 26
  •     „     wild, 16
  • Fireball, 156
  • Fires, 43
  • Firework, 16, 17
  •     „     accidents, 74, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87
  •     „     bomb, 105
  •     „     competition, 46
  •     „     license, 67
  •     „     manufacture, 57
  • Fireworks, Aerial, 7
  •     „     compound, 121
  •     „     daylight, 8
  •     „     display, 84
  •     „     illegal, 57
  •     „     living, 51
  •     „     on water, 24, 28, 39
  •     „     philosophical, 37
  •     „     Swedish, 23
  •     „     water, 101
  • Fishing signals, 176
  • Fitzmaurice, 162
  • Five-pointed star, 99
  • Fixed sun, 29, 122, 123
  • Fixt, 98
  • Fizgigs, 97, 106, 110, 111
  • Flannel bag, 108
  • Flash composition, 178
  • Fleet at the Nore, 39
  • Flessingen, 160
  • Flights of rockets, 44
  • Flint, 4
  • Florence, 19
  • Flower pot, 97, 98, 99
  • Fog signal, 177
  • Fountains, 41, 97, 98, 115
  • Four and a half inch shell, 107, 108
  • “Fourth of June,” 56
  • Frame of quickmatch, 67, 125
  • Frames, lancework, 129
  • Frazer, Sir Augustus, 41
  • Frederick (Elector Palatine), Prince, 24
  • Frey, Oscar, 149
  • Frézier, 20, 95, 111, 112, 114, 117, 122, 123, 140, 161
  • Fulminate of mercury, 67
  • Funnel and wire, 71
  • Furiloni, 133
  • Fuse, lighter, 178
  •     „     Roman candle, 114
  •     „     safety, 124
  •     „     time, 104, 105, 108, 109
  • Fusée de table, 118
  • Gand, 158
  • Garden, Covent, 28
  • Garden of the Senate, 42
  • Gardens, Belvue, 38
  •     „     Bermondsey Spa, 36
  •     „     Clifton Zoo, 38
  •     „     Cremorne, 37, 38
  •     „     Cromwell, 36
  •     „     Finch’s Grotto, 36
  •     „     Marylebone, 34
  •     „     Mermaid, 37
  •     „     Mulberry, 35
  •     „     North Woolwich, 37
  •     „     Rosherville, 37
  •     „     Surrey Zoo, 38, 43, 45
  •     „     Tea and Pleasure, 30, 31, 32
  •     „     Yorkshire Stingo, 37
  • Garnier, 161
  • Garniture, 11, 87, 96
  • Gas balloon, 103
  •     „     poison, 156
  • Genovini, Signor, 36
  • George III, 39, 56
  • George IV, Coronation of, 41
  • Gerb, 41, 44, 97, 98, 99, 127, 134, 139
  • German Petre, 136
  • Gibraltar, Siege of, 48
  • Girande, 123
  • Girandole, 122, 134
  • Gironels, 122
  • Globe, The, 37
  • Glogau, 160
  • Glorys, 127
  • God Save the Queen, 44
  • Gola, 10
  • Golden fountain composition, 110
  •     „     rain, 97, 99
  •     „     streamers, 44
  • “Good-bye, Dolly Grey,” 53
  • “Good-bye, my Bluebell,” 53
  • Goodship, Mr., 61
  • Graecus, Marcus, 13, 91
  • Grain powder, 99, 103, 106, 114
  • Granules, 115
  • Greek fire, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 153, 154, 156
  • Green man, 17
  •     „     Park, The, 28, 40, 41, 43, 112
  •     „     Orlando Furioso, 91
  • Gregorini, Signor, 54
  • Gregory, Bill, 54
  • Grenade, 156
  •     „     signal, Rifle, 172
  • Grey, Captain, 172
  • Griffiths, F. A., 149
  • Ground light balls, 157
  •     „     rockets, 97
  •     „     wheels, 121
  • Guards display, 45
  • Guilloché, 21, 132
  • Gun-cotton wad, 96
  • Gunpowder, 3, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 75, 96, 98, 103, 140
  •     „     Acts, 58, 67
  •     „     Mealed, 96, 99, 100, 106, 116, 118, 119
  • Guttman, Oscar, 153
  • Gyngell, 38
  • Hague, The, 28
  • Hail dispersers, 179
  • Hale, 161
  • Hale’s Light apparatus, 178
  •     „     24-pounder rocket, 161
  • Hammerslag, 141
  • Hand lights signal, 175
  • Hanselet, 158
  • Harold Wood Factory, 75
  • Hawai, 11
  • Heading, 94
  •     „     clay, 96
  • Heath, Mr., of Boston, 161
  • Hengler, 33
  •     „     Madame, 62
  • Henry II, 20
  • Henry, M., 36
  • Henry VIII, 15
  • Hilton, 40
  • Hime, Col. H. W. L., 153, 154
  • Hindoo pyrotechnists, 10
  • Hippert, Lieutenant, 145
  • History of colleges, 27
  • Home Office, 84
  • Hone, William, 56, 59
  • “Honeysuckle and the Bee,” 53
  • Hoogstraten, Count of, 15
  • Horizontal wheel, 121, 133
  • Hornpipe, 52
  • Hotel de Ville, Paris, 21, 22, 42
  • House on fire, 52
  • Howard, 40
  • Hull, 37
  • Hutstein and Websky, 149
  • Hyde Park, 40, 41, 43, 56
  • Hyder Ali, 159
  • Hyperoxymuriate of potash, 144
  • Ignium, Liber, 13, 14
  • Illegal Fireworks, 57
  • Illuminations, 28, 32, 39, 41
  • Imperial Fête, Danube, 55
  • “Implacable,” 49
  • Incendiary, composition, 156
  •     „    rocket, 159, 160
  •     „     shell, 156
  •     „     thermalloy, 172
  • India, 55, 159
  • Insecticide fumigators, 178
  • Inspector, H.M., 10
  • Invalides, Les, 42
  • Invetto, Mrs., 61
  • Iron, 138
  •     „     borings, 98
  •     „     cast, pulverised, 141
  •     „     dust, 11
  •     „     filings, 8, 98, 141
  •     „     magnetic oxide, 141
  • Iron oxide, mineral, 146
  •     „     pyrites, 4
  •     „     sand, 98
  •     „     scales, 140, 141
  • Italian streamer, 113, 114
  • Italians, 18, 21
  • Ivory, 146
  • Jack and the Beanstalk, 52
  • Jack-in-the-box, 110
  • Jaipur, 55
  • Jamaica House, 36
  • James I, 24
  • James II, 27
  • Jebb, Dr., 14
  • Jenny’s Whim, 36
  • Jesuit missionary, 98
  • Jewel fountain, 115
  • Johnson & Co., 174
  • Johnson, Dr., 35
  • Jones, Lieutenant, 31, 111, 112, 113, 117, 118, 133, 134, 139, 141
  • Jubilee, 55
  •     „     1809, 39
  •     „     Naval Review, 49
  • Jumping cracker, 91
  • Jutland, Battle of, 49
  • Kenilworth, 18
  • Kentish, Thomas, 118, 139, 149
  • King’s birthday, 4th June, 1809, 39
  • Kingston, Duchess of, 30
  • Koroo, 10
  • La Fere, 175
  • Lamb, Charles, 40
  • Lampblack, 99, 112, 139, 146
  •     „     compositions, 113
  • Lance, 112, 119
  •     „     à feu, 112
  •     „     bounced, 128
  •     „     work, 128
  • Lances, Fire, 112
  • Lancework frames, 129
  • Lanterns, 8, 9
  • Lapis calaminaris, 141
  • Lattice poles, 127
  • Leading up, 125
  • Leipsic, 160
  • Leo VI, 13
  • Leo XIII, 20
  • Les Invalides, 42
  • Liber Ignium, 13, 14
  • Licenses for fireworks, 67
  • Lifeboat Institution, 175
  • Lifting charge, 104, 108, 109
  • Light balls, 106
  •     „     ground, 157
  •     „     parachute, 157
  • Lighter, 108
  • Lights, Bengal, 120
  •     „     Coston, 175
  •     „     signal, 66
  •     „     signal, hand, 175
  •     „     Very signal, 164, 171, 172
  • Li Hung Chang, 50
  • Line-carrying rocket, 176
  • Line rockets, 26, 50, 97
  • Linseed oil, 140
  • Living fireworks, 51
  • Lloyd’s signal station, 175
  • London, 28
  • Longueman, 33
  • “Lord Cobham’s Head,” 35
  • Louis XIV, 20, 24
  • Louis XV, 21
  • Louis XVI, 22
  • Louvre, 20
  • Lushalan, Mr., 62
  • Lutzelberg, Victory of, 22
  • Lyceum, 37
  • Lyons, 20, 21
  • Machine for fireworks, 28, 34
  • Macintosh, 162
  • Madame la Première, 21
  • Madras, 55
  • Madura, 55
  • Magazine fired, 83
  • Magnesium, 150, 173
  •     „     flash composition, 178
  • Mahteb, 11
  • Majendie, K.C.B., Sir V. D., 68
  • Making crackers, 92
  • Malaga, 42
  • Mallet, 72
  • Manilla Bay, Battle of, 49
  • Manley, Captain, 176
  • Manufacture of fireworks, 57
  • Maori King, 50
  • Marcus Graecus, 13, 91
  • Marinari, 34
  • Maroon, Aerial, 109
  • Maroons, 43
  • Marryat, Captain, 32
  • Marylebone Gardens, 34
  • Match, 121, 122
  •     „     pipes, 125
  •     „     quick, 108, 124, 125
  •     „     raw, 125
  • Mealed gunpowder, 96, 99, 100, 106, 116, 118, 119, 125, 138
  • Mechanical pieces, 53
  • Mercury fulminate, 67
  • Mestre, 158
  • Metz, 162
  • Meyer, Captain Moritz, 145, 159
  • Mica, 146
  • Military coloured smokes, 172
  •     „     Encyclopedia, 107
  •     „     fêtes, 1852, 43
  • Mine, 110
  •     „     of serpents, 110
  •     „     on wheel, 133
  • Miners’ squib, 179
  • Mixing, 73
  • Mortars, 4, 16, 87, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110
  • Mortram, 33, 38, 61, 77
  • Mosaiques, 127
  • Moscow, 45
  • Mould for rocket charging, 94
  • Mulberry Gardens, 35
  • Munitions, 76
  • Naphtha, 6
  • Napoleon, 42
  •     „     Louis, 42
  •     „     Marriage of, 42
  • Newhaven accident, Conn., U.S.A., 83
  • New Wells, 35
  • Nile, Battle of the, 40, 49
  • Nipple, 98
  • Nitrate of baryta, 145
  •     „     copper, 145
  •     „     potash, 138
  •     „     strontia, 146
  • Nitre, 7, 138
  • Nomenclature of rockets, 94, 95
  • North Woolwich Gardens, 37
  • Nunhead experiments, 68
  •     „     factory, 47, 68
  • Nuremburg, 23
  • Oil of Benedict, 140
  •     „     petre, 140
  •     „     spike, 140
  •     „     tile, 140
  • “Old Bull and Bush,” 53
  • Opening charge, 97
  • Opus Majus, 14
  • Orange, Prince of, 27
  • Order in Council, 69, 74, 78
  • Orleans, 42, 158
  • Orpiment, 11, 139, 140
  • “Out,” 11
  • Oxide of iron, magnetic, 141
  •     „     mineral, 146
  • Oxymuriate of potash, 144
  • Paduans, 158
  • Palm tree, 127
  • Paper cone, 108
  • Paris, 20, 21, 28, 42
  •     „     accident, 83
  •     „     Exhibition, Visit of Queen Victoria, 43
  • Park, Green, 28, 40, 41, 43, 112
  •     „     Hyde, 40, 41, 43
  •     „     St. James’s, 30, 41
  •     „     Victoria, 43
  • Parkes, Samuel, 144
  • Parlby’s rockets, 161
  • Paste, 106
  • Pasting in, 129
  • Pataka, 10
  • Patent Office Abridgements, 165
  • Pates d’oie, 127
  • Peace, 1783, 28
  •     „     1802, 39
  •     „     1814, 40
  •     „     Crimean War, 43
  •     „     display, Hyde Park, 56
  • Pedro, Don, 41
  • Pegging, 129
  • Pepys, 27, 92
  • Percussion caps, 67
  • Perkins, Jacob, 165
  • Persia, Shah of, 53
  • Petard, 92, 112
  • Petre, Bengal, 136
  •     „     German, 136
  •     „     Oil of, 140
  • Petroleum, 106
  • Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, 55
  • Philippe, Don, of Spain, 21
  • Philosophical fireworks, 37
  • Philostratus, 6
  • Phosphide of calcium, 153
  • Pian-King Lo Yang, 7
  • Pickford, Mary, 50
  • Picrate of potash, 96
  • Piece, Mechanical, 53
  •     „     Carpet, 127
  •     „     Transformation set, 50
  • Pieces, Classification of, 126
  •     „     Set, 47, 112
  • Piercing, 129
  • Pilot signal, 175
  • Pin wheel, 118
  • Pipes, Match, 125
  • Pitch, 140, 156
  • Place Royal, 20
  • Pleasure gardens, 31, 32
  • Pleissenburg, 23
  • Ploughing by explosives, 179
  • Poison gas, 156
  •     „     smoke, Rat, 178
  • Pompeii, Destruction of, 50
  • Pont-Andemer, 158
  • Port Arthur, 49
  • Portfire, 105, 106, 119
  • Portsmouth fleet display, 45
  • Portugal, King of, 55
  • Postdown Fair, 32
  • Pot, Flower, 97, 98, 99
  • Potash, Chlorate of, 10, 74, 77, 84, 85, 86, 87
  • Pots à feu, 111
  •     „     d’aigrettes, 111
  •     „     de brins, 111
  • Powder, 97, 99, 103, 106, 114, 140
  • Practicus, 149
  • Pretender, Old, 27
  • Priming powder, 106
  •     „     wet, 119
  • Primrose Hill, 43
  • Projectile, 5
  • Propellant charge, 87
  • Pumice Stone, 146
  • Pump (Star), 72
  • Pumps with stars, 28, 112, 113
  • Puzzle pictures, 51
  • Pyramids, 30
  • Pyrotechnia, 26
  • Pyrotechnic compositions, 138
  • Pyrotechnists, Japanese, 7
  •     „     Hindoo, 10
  • Quebec, Tercentenary of, 55
  • Quickmatch, 108, 124, 125
  •     „     frame of, 67, 125
  • Rain, Golden, 97, 99
  •     „     production, 179, 180
  • Ranelagh, 33, 34, 35, 36
  • Raw match, 125
  • “Read’s Weekly Journal,” 157
  • Recreative fireworks, 97
  • Regulated pieces, 29, 123
  • Regulus of antimony, 139
  • Reports, 28
  • “Revenge,” 49
  • Rheims, 20
  • Richard Cœur de Lion, 15
  • Richmond, Duke of, 28, 29
  • Rifle grenade signal, 172
  • Riswick, 20, 28
  • Rochelle, 20
  • “Rocket” and express engine, 54
  • Rocket cap, 96
  •     „     cases, 93
  •     „     charging, Mould for, 94
  •     „         „     tools, 92
  •     „     composition, 93, 95
  •     „     iron, 159
  •     „     line, 26, 50, 97
  •     „     spindle, 94
  •     „     stick, 11, 87, 96
  •     „     sticks, Falling, 87
  •     „     wheel, 122
  • Rockets, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 24, 26, 28, 57, 61, 66, 91, 92, 96
  •     „     Congreve’s, 161
  •     „     ground, 97
  •     „     incendiary, 159, 160
  •     „     line-carrying, 176
  •     „     nomenclature of, 94, 95
  •     „     Parlby’s, 161
  •     „     signalling, 145, 175
  •     „     table, 117, 118
  •     „     war, 158, 159
  • Rolling cases, 71
  • Roman candle, 28, 41, 44, 111, 113, 114, 127, 133, 134
  •     „         „     fuse, 114
  •     „         „     signal, 175
  • Rome, 19
  • Rosherville Gardens, 37
  • Rosin, 140
  • Rossi, 33, 34
  • Rotary rockets, 161, 162
  • Royal Commission on Fireworks, 68
  •     „     Laboratory, Woolwich, 159
  • Ruggieri, 21, 22, 42, 103, 108, 112, 113, 118, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 142, 143, 161
  •     „     Gaetano, 28, 31, 112
  • Rules for factory, 69
  • Russia, 143
  • Russian war rockets 162
  • Safety Fuse, 124
  • Salamander la Rosace, 21
  • Salamandre, 132
  • Sal ammoniac, 142
  • Salisbury Cathedral, 50
  • Salome, 52
  • Saltpetre, 3, 7, 11, 14, 95, 96, 98, 100, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 138, 139, 156
  •     „     Bengal, 120
  • Sand, iron, 98
  • Saqui, Madame, 33
  • Sarcophagus, 30
  • Sarti, Gioseppe, 29, 31, 112, 122
  • Saucissons volans, 106
  • Saxon, 116, 117, 122
  •     „     wheels, 131
  • Saxony, Prince of, 23
  • Schumacher, 160
  • Sea battle, 48
  • Seasons, 51
  • Sebastopol, bombardment, 49
  • Second lighting, 124
  • Seine, 22, 24
  • Sel ammoniac, 129
  • Serpent, 44
  • Serpentine, 40
  • Serpents, 57, 60, 97, 106
  • Servandoni, Chevalier, 28
  • Set piece, transformation, 50
  • Set pieces, 47, 112
  • Setting down, 94
  • Seville, King of, 14
  • Shah, 53
  • Shakespeare, 16
  • Shellac, 149
  • Shell, incendiary, 156
  • Shells, 4, 8, 11, 15, 28, 44, 103, 105, 108
  • Siam, 11
  • Siege of Pian-King Lo Yang, 7
  • Siemienowitz, Casimir, 158
  • Signal beacon, 157
  •     „     distress, 175
  •     „     fishing, 176
  •     „     fog, 177
  •     „     hand lights, 175
  •     „     lights, 66
  •     „         „     aeroplane, 173
  •     „         „     Very, 164, 172
  •     „     pilot, 175
  •     „     rifle grenade, 172
  •     „     rockets, 145, 175
  •     „     Roman candles, 172
  •     „     sound, 96, 177
  •     „     station, Lloyd’s, 175
  • Sir John Oldcastle, 35
  • Skimmer, 101
  • Sky rockets, 28, 61, 96
  • Slow composition, 103
  • Small factory license, 69
  • Smirk, 40
  • Smoke at Crystal Palace, 169
  •     „     balls, 156, 157
  •     „     drain testers, 179
  •     „     float “E,” 168
  •     „     screen, 167
  • Smokes, coloured military, 171
  • Snake and butterfly, 132
  • Sodium carbonate, 146
  •     „     sulphate, 146
  • Soleil montant, 117
  • Soleils tournants, 117
  • Soleure, 21
  • Song pieces, 53
  • Sound signal, 96, 178
  • Southby, 33, 38, 41, 43, 45, 57
  • South Norwood Factory, 75
  • Spain, 20
  •     „     King Consort, 1864, 43
  • Spherical shell, 105
  • Spike, Oil of, 140
  • Spindle, Rocket, 94
  • Spirali, 134
  • Spithead, 28, 43, 49
  • Spontaneous heating, 81
  • Spur fire, 139
  • Squibs, 57, 60, 97, 99, 110
  • Squibs, miners’, 179
  • St. Angelo, 19
  • St. James’s Park, 30, 41
  •     „     Square, 28
  • St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin, 28
  • “Star and Garter,” Chelsea, 36
  • Starlights, 119
  • Stars, 8, 72, 103, 110, 112, 116
  •     „     coloured, 11
  •     „     two-coloured, 172
  • Statute of William III, 57
  • Steam rocket, 165, 166
  • Steel filings, 138, 141
  • Sticking, 129
  • Sticks, Falling rocket, 87
  • Stink pot, 157
  • Stockholm, 24
  • Stodard, 40
  • Stouple, 125
  • Stratford, R.N. Experimental Station, 170
  • Streamer, Golden, 44
  • „ Italian, 113, 114
  • Strontium nitrate, 146
  • Strutt, 30
  • Sully, Duc de, 20
  • Sulphide of arsenic, 10, 139, 146
  • Sulphur, 6, 14, 95, 98, 99, 100, 105, 114, 115, 118, 119, 138, 139, 140, 156
  •     „     chlorate mixtures, 74
  • Sulphuret of antimony, 100, 139, 146
  • Sun, 29, 121
  •     „     star, 44
  • Surrey Zoological Gardens, 38, 43, 45
  • Sutton Factory, 75
  • Swarms, 28
  • Swevels, 123
  • Swiss military rockets, 162
  • Sydenham, 47
  • Table rockets, 117, 118
  • Tagus display, 55
  • Tailed stars, 113
  • Taku forts, bombardment, 49
  • Tampion, 113
  • Tavern, “Lord Cobham’s Head,” 35
  •     „     “Sir John Oldcastle,” 35
  • Temple of Flora, 36
  • Tessier, Paul, 33, 36, 149
  • Thames, 24, 27, 28, 29, 36
  • Theatre de la Comedie Italienne, 124
  • Theodosius, 13
  • Theresa, 15
  • Thermalloy, 173
  • Thermit bombs, 173
  • Throwdowns, 10
  • Time fuse, 104, 108, 109
  • Tinder, 3
  • Tippoo Sahib, 159
  • Toledo, King of, 15
  • Tools, Rocket charging, 92
  • Torches of fire, 26
  • Torré, Morel, 21, 31, 34, 35
  • Touch hole, 104
  • Toulon, 162
  • Tourbillion de feu, 117
  • Tourbillions, 44, 116, 117, 118, 134
  • Tourney display, 21
  • Tourniquets, 117
  • Tower Hill, 30
  • Trafalgar, Battle of, 48, 49
  • Transformation set piece, 50
  • Treatise on war fireworks, 158
  • Trees, 127
  • Trengouse, Mr., 176
  • Triangle wheel, 131
  • Tsu-Shima Battle, 49
  • Tubri, 10
  • Tun dish, 72
  • Tunis, King of, 14
  • Turin, 162
  • Turning cases, 97, 126
  • Tyrrel, 43
  • Ufano, Diego, 20
  • United States, 175
  • “Universal Magazine, The,” 99
  • Vanochio, 18
  • Vauxhall, 33
  • Vengagvedi, 10
  • Versailles, 20, 21, 24, 43, 132
  • Vert de gris, 129
  • Vertical wheels, 121, 131
  • Very signal lights, 164, 171, 172
  • Vesuvius, 50
  • Victoria Park, 43
  •     „     Queen, Coronation of, 41
  •     „         „     Portrait of, 51
  •     „         „     Visit to Paris Exhibition, 43
  • Vienna, 23
  • “Village Blacksmith, The,” 52
  • Volcano, 9
  • Wadd, 103
  • Walcheren Expedition, 160
  • Wallis, Admiral Sir Provo, 49
  • Walpole, 29, 30
  • War inventions, 165
  •     „     rockets, 158, 159
  • Warman, 34
  • Warsaw, 162
  • Warwick, Earl of, 18
  • Water fireworks, 24, 28, 39, 101
  • Waterloo, 160
  • “Weekly Journal, Read’s,” 157
  • Weinerisch-Neustadt, 161
  • Wheel, block, 118
  •     „     brilliant, 30
  •     „     catherine, 118, 119
  •     „     double triangle, 131
  •     „     hundred-feet, 55
  •     „     pin, 118
  •     „     rocket, 122
  •     „     saxon, 131
  • Wheels, 41, 121, 131
  •     „     fire, 122
  •     „     horizontal, 26, 121, 133
  •     „     revolving, 44
  •     „     triangle, 131
  •     „     vertical, 26, 121, 131
  • Whistler, 96
  • White Conduit House, 37
  • White Star Line, 174
  • Whitehall, 27, 28
  • Wicks, Major, 172
  • Wild fire, 16
  • William IV, Coronation of, 41
  • Windmills, 131
  • Woolwich Arsenal, 43
  •     „     Royal Laboratory, 159
  • Worcester Cathedral, 50
  • Wordsworth, 40
  • Yalu, Battle of the, 49
  • Yellow orpiment smoke, 172
  • Yorkshire Stingo Gardens, 37
  • Ypres display, 21
  • Yron scales, 96
  • Zinc, 142, 146
  • Zud-Amerika Lyn, 173