ZAB Vúlua, the matrix, the wombe passage, the priuy passage or way and entrance into the same, the place of conception in any female.
Vuò, I will, of Volére.
Vuóga, as Vóga.
Vuogáre, as Vogáre, to row.
Vuógli, as Vuói, thou wilt.
Vuói, thou wilt.
Vuói tù áltro? wilt thou haue any thing else.
V´uola, a little piece of spungeous flesh much like the spur of a Cocke, which hanging downe in the roofe of ones mouth, neere to the passages into the nostrils serueth for the vtterance of voice and pronounciation, which when it is distempered, the vpper part therof is thin and the lower part blakish like the vtmost end of a grape, & then it is called V´ua or Staphíle, but when it is swolne as round & big aboue as below in forme of a piller, then is it called Cióna, Colomẻlla or Columẻlla.
Vuolária, the hearbe Horse tongue.
Vuól'éssere, ought, should or would be.
Vuólsi, it is requisite one would.
Vuópo, neede or necessity.
Vuóso, full of grapes, grapy.
Vuotabórse, a nicke-name giuen to Lawyers or Phisicions, a purce-emptier.
Vuóta cẻssi, as Vóta dẻstri.
Vuóta dẻstri, as Vóta dẻstri.
Vuóta pózzi, an emptier of wels.
Vuotáre, to empty, to void or hollow.
Vuotatóre, an emptier, a hollower.
Vuóto, empty, voide, concaue, as Vóto.
Vuóua, all manner of egges.
Vuouále, ouall, more long then round.
Vuóua maritáte, egges in Moone-shine.
Vuóuoli, a kinde of dainty Mushroms. Also the knobs or rootes of Canes or Reeds. Also knobs or bunches or wild Cucombers in building.
Vuóuolo, as Vuóuoli.
Vúrchio, a Hulke, a Hurke, or ship of burthen.
V´uula, as V´uola.
Vuuulária, the hearbe Horse-tongue.
Z.
Zabaióne, a drinke made for sicke folkes called a Caudle.
Zabẻrna, a presse or cubbord to lay and keepe clothes in.
Zabratána, a trunke to shoot pellets with ones mouth. Also a fowling piece.
Zabúrro, a kind of corne in India which some take to be the Ginny-wheat.
ZAF Zácca, a bag-net, a fowling-net, a casting-net, a drag-net or hay-net.
Záccara, a driggle-draggle strumpet, a common harlot, a common filthy whore.
Zaccaráre, to daggle, to dash, or spurt with durt or mire, to bemire.
Záccare, daglings, dashings or spurtings of durt or mire sticking about the skirts of any long garment. Also troubles, griefes or vexations. Also vsed for common & filthy brothels or baudy houses or the whores in them.
Zaccarẻlle, as Záccare. Also idle toies, foolish trash, vaine trifles, vanities.
Zaccaría, Fióre di Zaccaría, the flower called Blue-bottle.
Zacchẻo, a slouenly dwarfe, a sluttish dandiprat, a little logarhead.
Zácchera, as Záccara.
Zaccheráre, as Zaccaráre.
Zaccherẻlle, as Zaccarẻlle.
Zaccherétte di paróle, a huddle of foolish words, a flimflam tale without head or foot.
Zaccheríni, as Zaccarẻlle.
Zácchero, as Záccaro.
Zaccheróso, miry, durty, dabled or dashed with durt or mire.
Zacconáre, as Zazzeáre, as Anfanáre. Also as Zoccoláre.
Zadúra, Worme-seed.
Záffara, an iron drag or hooke that Dyers vse to draw their clothes out of their vats.
Zaffaráno, Safron.
Zaffáre, to gripe, to catch or seaze vpon with ones clawes. Also to catch or arest with a Seriant or Catch-pole.
Zaffaría, the order, rout, company or crue of catch-poles, seriants or such base officers. Also we would say a Marshals court. Also a catchpoles tricke.
Zaffáta, a blow or a pat with a claw or paw. Also a griping, a catching or a snatching.
Zaffáto, griped, snatcht, caught or seazed vpon by a catchpole or seriant.
Zaffeggiáre, to play the base Seriant or catchpole. Also to pat with ones pawes.
Záffera, a kind of colour vsed by Painters.
Zafferáno, any kind of Saffron.
Zaffíro, a precious stone called a Saphire. Also a kind of hawke with yellow legs and feet. Also a kind of fish of the kind of a Guilthead or Dorci.
Záffo, a common Seriant or base catch-pole. Also the eares of a tub or cowle. Also the venting or working and boyling of must or new wine.
ZAI Zaffóra, a kinde of soft and crumbling minerall oare or stone.
Zaffranáre, to ensaffran, to die or staine with Saffron.
Zaffráno, any kind of Saffron.
Zafíla, Zaphíla, as Tanádo.
Zafíro, as Zaffíro.
Zagáglia, a Captaines leading staffe. Also a iauelin. Also a Turkish sword or Persian cimitary. Also a short bending sword called a hanger.
Zaganẻlla, a trunke to shoot pellets in. Also a running squibe of wild-fire. Also a kind of fine or small silke-lace vsed in Florence.
Zagarẻlla, any kind of list, hem or welt about the skirts of a garment. Also a curb of leather instead of an iron curb or any other thing that is soft and gentle that riders vse to yongue coltes. Also cracking or flying squibes that children vse to make of paper.
Zágo, a priest Clarke that helpes him to say masse and Amen.
Zagóra, prẻndi délla céra Zagóra.
Záina, any kind of drinking-glasse. Also a kind of tree in America whereof they make their Canoas or boates of one piece, and call that so by the name of the tree.
Zaináro, a budget-maker.
Zainétta, any kind of Záina.
Záino, a little leather budget or Palmers scrip. Also a certaine musicall instrument that sheapheards vse as an horne pipe or bagpipe. Also a horse that is altogether of one blacke or of any one colour without any marke, spot or star about him.
Zaldóne, a kinde of flower. Also any kind of Wafer-cake.
Zallóne, as Ménsola, Millers call them shiuers.
Zalolíno, a kind of colour, which some take to be the gingerline colour.
Zamára, an Irish rugge, a freese-gowne, a seamans gowne, a sheapheards frock, an Irish mantle. Also a kind of musical instrument with strings.
Zamárra, as Zamára.
Zamarrótto, as Zamára.
Zambaglióne, as Zabaióne.
Zambẻlla, a pretty trull, a fine harlot, a flurting whore, a minx, a gixie.
Zambẻlláre, as Zimbẻlláre.
Zambẻlláro, a Wafer or cake-maker.
Zambẻlle, wafers or fine cakes.
Zambẻllo, as Zimbẻllo.
Zambẻllótto, the stuffe Chamlot.
Zambẻrlúcco, a kind of long Seamans or fishermans garment.
Zambétti, as Zampétti.
Zámbra, a Chamber-close-stoole.
Zambrácca, a common hedge whore.
Zambraccáre, to follow common whores. Also to play the filthy whore.
ZAM Zambudẻlli, a kind of dried puddings. Vsed also for chitterlins.
Zámie, the Pine Apples that open hanging vpon the trees.
Zámpa, the paw, the claw, the clinch or pat or gripe of any beast.
Zampáre, to paw, to clinch or gripe and seaze on with pat or claw.
Zampettáre, to trip it or foote it daintily, to tread the measures faire and softly. Vsed also to tiple and quaffe merrily, till one reele and stagger in going.
Zampétte, all manner of little pats, pawes, clawes, clinches or gripes.
Zampétti, all manner of beastes feete that are drest to be eaten as Neates feete, Calues feete, Pigs feete, Sheepes trotters. Also little springs of Porke.
Zampilláre, to purle, to bubble, to spout, to spin or gush foorth as water doth out of a Spring or out of some little conduit holes. Also to bud, to sprout, to burgeon or spring as Vines doe.
Zampillétto, as Zampíllo.
Zampílli, little holes in pipes of water out of which it runs as from vnder ground.
Zampíllo, a purling, a bubbling, a spouting, a spinning or gushing foorth of water. Also any yongue bud, sprout, burgeon, shoote or spring of Vines.
Zampillóso, full of gushing or spouting holes. Also full of yongue buds, sprouts or burgeons.
Zampíni, palétte, mogliétte, zampíni, scaldalẻtti ẻt schermágli.
Zampógna, an Oaten-pipe, Reede-pipe, a Sheapheards-pipe. Also a bell that is hung about a Goate or Bellweathers necke that leadeth the rest.
Zampognáre, to sound or play vpon any Sheapheards pipe or Reede. Also to babble, to tattle, to chat or prate idly and euer in one tune, the metaphor is taken from a Bell-weathers bel, which as he goeth sounds euer one tune.
Zampognáro, a plaier vpon any Reede or Shepheards-pipe. Also a Bellweather. Also a vaine pratler, chatter or babler. Looke Zampognáre.
Zampógne, vaine pratling, idle bableings. Looke Zampognáre.
Zampognóne, a pratler, an idle chatter, a foolish babler. Looke Zampognáre.
Zamponáre, to rake or stir vp the fire. Also to rake or drag for with some hooke.
Zampóne, a great iron fire-hooke. Also a great rake or dragging hooke.
Zampunáre, as Zamponáre.
Zampúne, as Zampóne.
Zána. Vsed in Florence for a Cradle, as Cúlla. Also a great Cesterne or Lauer to receiue water. Also a hand-barrow to carry things vpon betweene two. Also a Cuntry wenches silken girdle or scarffe. Also a frump, a iest, a flout, as we say, a gull or gudgeon giuen to one.
ZAN Zanáda, a foolish tricke of a Záne.
Zanaiuólo, as Záne, as Zannuólo.
Zánca, the leaft side or hand, Dánte hath vsed Zánca for a legge.
Zancarúto, crookt-leg'd, hauing crooked legges or shankes.
Zánche, stilts to goe withall in fenny places.
Zancheggiáre, to goe on stilts.
Záncia, as Ciáncia.
Zanciáre, as Cianciáre.
Zanciatóre, as Cianciatóre.
Zanciúme, as Cianciúme.
Zánco, a lefthanded man or blow.
Záne, the name of Iohn in some parts of Lombardy, but commonly vsed for a silly Iohn, a simple fellow, a seruile drudge or foolish clowne in any commedy or enterlude play.
Zanfróne, a lusty lad, a swaggering gallant, a tosse-pot companion. Vsed also for crownes, great pieces of gold, as our Countrymen say Red-ruddockes.
Zanganẻlle, a kind of flying squibes.
Zangarinẻlli, as Zangarnẻlli.
Zangarnẻlli, a kind of fenny fish.
Zángola, a Chamber-close-stoole.
Zánio, as Záino.
Zannáre, to bite, to snip, to pinch, to teare or seaze on with tuskes. Also as Attalanáre.
Zánne, the tuskes or fore-teeth of a wild boare.
Zánni, as Atteláni. Vsed also for crosse biting or cunnycatching knaues.
Zannuólo, a silly Iohn, a foolish Iacke. Also a wanton darling or dilling.
Zanzála ficária, a kind of gnat breeding in figge-trees.
Zanzále, all kind of Gnats.
Zanzána, any kind of Gnat.
Zanzára, any kind of Gnat.
Zanzáre, as Cianciáre, to prattle, to chat, as Zampognáre.
Zanzaueráta, as Zanzeueráta. Vsed also as Fagioláta.
Zánze. Vsed for Ciáncie, pratlings.
Zanzeáre, to bite or be bitten with gnats. Also to goe idly loitring and buzzing vp and downe or to iet and braue it vp and downe wantonly, as it were minion-like to make a show of himselfe.
Zanzeóni, idle and foolish loitring fellowes that haue naught to doe but goe vp and downe gazing and to show themselues. Also vsed as an Aduerb, foolishly, carelesly, and wantonly.
ZAP Zanzéra, any kind of Gnat.
Zanzeráre, to nigle boyes or wantonly to play with them against nature.
Zánzeri, Ganimeds, Cinedos, Nigles, Wanton boies. Also knauish wags.
Zanzeríni, as Zánzeri.
Zanzeueríni, as Zánzeri.
Zánzola, a kind of tray or pan.
Zapíno, the Fir-tree. Some say a tree yeelding a liquor that cureth the leprosie.
Zapóti, a kind of fruit in India.
Záppa, a Sap, a Mattocke or Pickax to dig, to sap or delue with.
Zappaménto, a diging, a sapping, a deluing, a grubbing vp of the ground.
Zappáre, to digge, to sap, to delue or grub vp the ground.
Zappatóre, a sapper, a digger, a deluer or grubber of the ground.
Zappegaménto, as Calpéstio.
Zappegáre, as Calpestáre.
Zappolíno, a little Záppa.
Zappóne, any great Záppa.
Záppulo, a rake or Weeding-hooke.
Zára, il dádo con ché si giuóca. Also a hazzard at three dice, that is lesse then seauen and more then fifteene. Also a nicke at hazard. Also the game it selfe. Also a Iarre of Oyle. Also any kind of stony grauell or sand. Also as Ciáncia. Also the play which in England we call barly-breake.
Zára a chì tócca, hab or nab, haue amongst you, light on whom it list.
Zarabánda, a kind of tune or dance much vsed in Spaine.
Zarabattána, as Zabratána.
Zarabottána, as Zabratána.
Zarabúso, a foule called a Bittour.
Zaramẻlla, as Ciaramẻlla.
Zaramẻlláre, as Ciaramẻlláre.
Zaránto, a Greene-finch.
Zaráre, to play at hazards or throw hazards, to nike at hazard. Also as Cianzáre.
Zaratanáre, as Ciarlatanáre.
Zaratáno, as Ciarlatáno.
Zarauánda. Looke Incantonáre.
Zárba, a skipping, skittish, leaping-wench.
Zarbattána, as Zabratána.
Zarchiẻlláre, to weed, to rake or to harrow.
Zarchiẻllo, a weeding hooke.
Zárda, a disease or kind of swelling that comes in horses legs and feete.
Zardíno, as Giardíno.
Zardóso, a horse that hath the disease called Zárda.
Zarlétte, cases in which Gunners shoot haile-shot.
Zaróso, grauely, rugged, gretty, sandy, stony. Also crabbed, thorny, hard, rough, dangerous.
ZAV Zárra, a Iarre of Oyle. Also stony grauell or course sand. Also a certaine implement that Apothecaries vse.
Zarróso, as Zaróso.
Zaruóli, a disease in a Hawkes mouth. Also casting stones for a Hawke.
Zarzaparíglia, as Salsaparíglia.
Zarzecáno, a kind of course cloath that Moores make and weare.
Zathẻne, a kinde of stone like Amber, now blacke, now yellow.
Zátta, as Zámpa. Also as Záttera.
Záttara, as Záttera.
Zattáre, as Brancáre, as Zampáre.
Záttari, as Zátteri.
Zátte, a kind of Gourd that is neither a Pumpion nor a Pepone nor a Muske-Melon, and yet very good to eat raw as Melons bee.
Záttera, a company of plankes, boords or peeces of timber tied together with withes and so conueighed downe the streame of Riuers, being steared and directed by men with long pooles, vsed in Germany instead of boates to carry marchandise and other things from place, to place. Also a flout boate or long boate to attend a great ship. Also a two hand or flat barrow made of boords or hurdles, to carry betweene two men.
Zátteri, those men that direct such floates or flat boates called Záttera.
Zauariáre, to raue or wauer in minde, to be humorous or giddy-headed.
Zauarióne, a wauering, a rauing, humorous, fond or giddy-headed fellow.
Zauátta, as Ciabátta, an old shooe.
Zauattáre, as Ciabattáre, to cobble.
Zauattáro, as Ciabattáro, a cobler.
Zauatteríe, as Ciabattaríe.
Zauattíno, as Ciabattíno, a cobler.
Zauórra, course stony grauell to ballast ships, ballast for ships.
Zauorráre, to ballast ships.
Zázzara, as Zázzera.
Zazzeáre, to stroake vp ones haire on the forehead. Also to play the fond-conceited gull, or like a minion to goe idlely vp & downe stroking vp haire, handling of his forelocke, and courting of himselfe.
Zazzeatóre, an idle gazer vpon himselfe, one that courteth himselfe and takes pleasure to stroake vp his haire and shew his dangling lockes.
Zazzeíno, as Zazzeatóre.
Zazzeóne, as Zazzeatóre.
Zázzera, a bush, a tuffe or locke of haire of a mans head namely before.
Zazzeriéri, as Zánzeri, or as Zazzeatóre.
Zazzerína, a little bush, tuft or locke of haire vpon a mans forehead.
ZEB Zazzeríno, as Zazzeatóre.
Zazzerúto, one that hath a bush, a tufft or locke of haire before.
Zéa, the corne Rie or Maslin, some take it for Spelt, others for Beere-corne or Beere-barly.
Zẻbe, the Plurall of Zẻbra.
Zebendále.
Zebíbo, as Zibíbo, dried Reisins.
Zẻbra, a Goate or a Kid, but properly a wilde beast as bigge as a Mule in India.
Zécca, a Mint-house or place of coyning of money. Also a kind of Waspe, Hornet or biting Tike.
Zécca di búe, an Ox-tike.
Zeccáio, a Minter, a coyner, a Monoyer.
Zeccárda, to philip or phip with ones fingers.
Zeccardáre, to phipt or philip with ones fingers.
Zeccáre, to mint or stamp money.
Zécche, nits in the eie-lids. Also tikes that breed in dogs.
Zecchiẻre, as Zeccáio.
Zecchíno, a coine of Gold currant in Venice worth about seauen shillings and six pence sterlin.
Zedoária, the hearb Zedary or Worme-seede.
Zédola, a Quob, a Cob or Gudgeon-fish.
Zeduária, as Zedoária.
Zẻffáta, as Cẻffáta, as Schiáffo.
Zẻffiro, the Westerne wind. Also the South-west-wind, called Zéphirus.
Zeganẻlle, such small and fine Networkes as Gentlewomen vse to make themselues and weare on their heads as caules.
Zeladína, vsed for Gelatína.
Zelamína, a kind of precious stone called a Zelamin-stone.
Zẻlánte, as Zẻlóso.
Zẻláre, to haue a zeale or earnest will to doe something. Also to be iealous, or so loue with iealousie that he will suffer none to be partaker with him.
Zẻlatóre, as Zẻlóso.
Zẻlo, Zeale, earnest affection, enuious loue or emulation, a iealous care.
Zẻlóso, zealous or affectionate, full of zeale and affection. Also iealous or carefully louing, and fearing lest the thing that he loueth should be common to another. Also hee that essayeth to follow another in liuing.
Zẻlotípia, gelosía & emulatióne.
Zemiláce, a kinde of stone greenish in the midst.
Zemína, a kind of fine damaske worke entermixed with gold vpon knifes or persian swords.
ZEP Zenáre, chè sia béne legáta ẻt Zenáta con filo di fẻrro.
Zendádo, Sendall or Taffata-Sarcenet.
Zendáli, the sendals or labels that hang downe a Bishops miter.
Zendálo, as Zendádo.
Zeníth, that point of the firmament directly ouer ones head wheresoeuer he is, called the verticall point.
Zénza, a great Horse-flie.
Zenzára, any kind of Gnat.
Zénzero, the spice called Ginger.
Zenzeueráta, a kind of Mermelade with store of ginger in it. Also as Fagioláta.
Zénzeuo, the spice called Ginger.
Zẻo, a kinde of fish taken about Cáles in Spaine, called a Doree or Gold-fish very delicate in taste.
Zeóne, as Zẻo.
Zephíria, egges deemed to be laid by the wind, called West-wind-egges.
Zẻphiro, as Zẻffiro.
Zẻppa, a clod of earth, a turfe of grasse, a lumpe of clay. Also a wedge. Also a shoare or vnder layer of wood made like a wedge to driue vnder some props or other thing. Also brimfull or topfull. Also withered and flaggie.
Zẻppa a códa di róndine, a kind of vnder-laying wedge or toole of a Carpenters.
Zẻppa-cauállo, a ground or common Thistle.
Zẻppáre, to breake clods of earth, to make into turffes. Also to shoare vp and vnderlay with any thing made like a wedge. Also to fill brimfull, till it run ouer.
Zẻppi zẻppi, brim-full, top-full, heaped vp, as we say water-measure.
Zeppólla, a Ciboll or an Onion.
Zẻrgo, as Gẻrgo, Pedlers-french.
Zẻrlo, as Giẻrlo.
Zẻro, a figure of naught in Arithmetik. Also a iot, a whit, a crum, a nothing, a trifle, a flap with a Fox-taile. Also a kinde of Christall hauing white and blacke spots in it.
Zẻrzelíno, a kind of dainty plumbe.
Zẻssáre, to chalke, to marke with chalke.
Zẻsso, white Chalke or Marking-stone.
Zẻta, the letter Z. Vsed also for a little chamber with windowes on three sides therefore to receiue light and the heat of the Sun in at.
Zẻtte, the letter Z.
Zẻtti, the iesses of a Hawke.
Zẻua, a kind of fruite whereof they make Oyle in India.
Zeugíte, a kinde of Cane so long and strong that they make poles and stakes of them.
ZIG Zẻugma, a figure whereby many clawses are ioyned with one Verbe.
Zezobráno, used for Saffron.
Zẻzzo, as Zẻsso. Also lag or last.
Zía, an Aunt, that is a fathers or mothers sister.
Ziazáa, a kind of stone which will make him that hath it see strange visions in his sleepe.
Zibẻllíni, the rich furre called Sables.
Zibẻttáto, siueted, made sweet or perfumed with Siuet.
Zibẻttíni, Pomanders made of Muske or Siuet, Siuet-bals.
Zibẻtto, a Siuet-cat. Also Siuet.
Zibíbi, dried Reysons of the Sunne.
Zieggiáre, to Vnckle it or Aunt it.
Zífra, any kind of sipher.
Zifráio, Ciferer or Caster of accounts.
Zifráre, to cifer or cast accounts.
Zifratóre, as Zifráio.
Zífro, a kind of monstrous fish.
Zíge, as Zígero.
Zigéna, a kind of monstrous fish.
Zigero, a kind of Cassia of a darke and purple colour, smelling like a Rose, and is much vsed in Physike.
Zígi, the wilde Betony growing vp in height.
Zígia, a kinde of Maple-tree. Also a kind of pipe in ancient times vsed to play on at weddings.
Zígno, the lesser Lizard.
Zígolo, a kind of water or fenny foule.
Zigríte, a kind of whitish stone.
Zigúlla, a fish, called in Latine Iulis.
Zíllo, as Zigúlla.
Zílo, a tree in India which yeeldeth Balsamum.
Zíma, a neat, a smug or finicall woman, one whose care and felicity is to haue and weare gay and fine clothes. Also vsed for Címa.
Zimárra, as Zamára.
Zimbẻlláre, védi béne Zimbéllo.
Zimbẻlláta, any effect of Zimbẻllo.
Zimbẻllo, is properly an Owle bound to the ground who fluttering his wings makes other birds to come downe and light vpon lushes or limet wigs, and by metaphor a lure or inticing. Also a bagge full of bran, sawdust or grauell, bound to a cord, with which children in Italy at Shrouetide goe about and strike at poore Country people. Also a kinde of musicall instrument, Croud or fiddle. Also a wanton, alluring or effeminate fellow.
Zimíto, leauened bread.
Zimpípero, the spice Ginger.
Zinále, a childs bib or apron.
Zinciculáre, to chirpe as a Swallow.
Zinciuláre, to chirpe as a Swallow.
Zinfonía, as Zimphonía.
Zinganáre, to play the roguing Gypsie, to wander vp and downe the country rogueing and cheating with telling fortunes as Gypsies doe.
Zinganésco, like vnto, or of the nature of roguing Gypsies.
Zíngani, counterfeit Egiptians, runnagate Gypsies, roguing knaues which are thought by their witch-craft to bewitch folkes purces, and by telling mens fortunes and other secret meanes to picke away and cozen them of their mony. Also famous theeues.
Zinghẻrlo, a kind of praying bird or rauenous foule.
Zínna, a dug, a pap, a teat, an vdder.
Zinnína, a kind of little pudding.
Zinziculáre, to chirpe as a swallow.
Zinzíno, a bird called a Titmous. Vsed also for an Vrchin or Hedge-hog.
Zío, an Vncle, a fathers or mothers brother.
Zióllo, a greene Plouer.
Ziottáre, to hault, to limpe, to cripple.
Ziótto, as Zóppo, lame, halting.
Zípa, some part of a wheele.
Zipólla, a Ciboll, an Onion.
Zipollíne, yongue Cibols or Ciues.
Zípolo, a bung for a barrell.
Zírbo, as Oménto, the cawle wherein bowels are kept.
Ziríte, a stone which worne about ones necke stancheth blood.
Zisílla, a Swallow.
Zisilláre, to chirpe as a swallow.
Zíta, an Aduerbe to command silence, as we sey Isse, whost or s't. Also the name of a Saint much honoured in Lúcca. Also a girle, a lasse, a wench.
Zitẻlla, a yong lasse, girle or wench.
Zitẻllo, a yongue boy, lad or man childe.
Zítho, a kind of drinke made of corne in Egypt, like our Ale or Barly-water.
Zittáre, to whosht or command silence.
Zítto, whosht, still, mum, silent, any signe or word denoting or commanding silence.
Zizífo, the Iulub or Bead-tree or the blossom and fruit thereof.
Zizípho, as Zizífo.
Zizíppa, as Zizífo.
Zízola, as Zizífo.
Zízolo, as Zizífo.
Zizzalardóne, a licke-spit or picke-roste meat, a picker of good morsels.
Zizzánia, Iuray, Ray, Darnell or Cockie that growes amongst corne. Also discord, strife or contention sowen amongst men.
Zizzaniáre, to sow discord, strife or contention among men.
Zizzaniatóre, a sower of striffe, discord and contention among men.
ZOC Zizzanióso, contentious, troublesome, full of strife or sedition.
Zizzorálla, as Zizífo.
Zóbbia. Vsed often for Thursday.
Zócca. Vsed as Ciócca.
Zoccáre, to stocke a piece. Also to reduce into logs, stockes or stumps.
Zoccarẻllo, any little log, blocke, stocke, stumpe or trunke of wood.
Zocchétto, as Zoccarẻllo.
Zócco, a log, a blocke, a stocke, a stump, a snag or shiue of wood.
Zoccolánti, certaine Franciscan friers that goe on high woodden pattens or startops.
Zoccoláre, to goe on woodden pattins, startops or galashes. Also as Zoccáre.
Zoccoláro, a maker of startops, galashes or wooden pattins.
Zoccolétti, little or low pattins, chopinos, startops or galashes of wood.
Zóccoli, woodden pattins, startops, galashes or chopinos, so called because they are made of a Zócco.
Zóccoli a scácca fáua, a kind of galoshes or chopinoes, open in the midst, tied with ribands, and close at the heeles.
Zóccoli Zóccoli, as we say in mockery, Tush-tush, away, in faith Sir no, or yea in my other hose. Also when speaking of any body in secrecy the party by chance commeth in, as the Latins say, Lupus est in fábula, so the Italians say, Zóccoli Zóccoli.
Zocconáre, as Zoccoláre.
Zocconáto, that weareth Zóccoli.
Zodíaco, the Zodiake, that is, that part of the firmament vnder which the Planets mooue, being a Circle about sixteene degrees broad, which the Ecliptike line cutteth in two equall parts, in which are the twelue signes or Asterismes, as Aries, Taurus, &c.
Zóia, often vsed for Gióia.
Zóilo, an enuious person, one that enuieth others.
Zoláia, the latchet or latch of a shooe. Also a spurleather.
Zólfa, solfa or prickesong.
Zolfanẻlli, matches to light a Candle with.
Zolfaríni, as Zolfanẻlli.
Zólfo, sulpher or brimstone.
Zolforẻo, sulphury or sulphorous.
Zólforo, sulphur or brimstone.
Zolforóso, sulphury, sulphurous.
Zolfóso, as Zolforóso.
Zólio, a kind of small fish some what like a Calamary.
Zólla, a clod, a turfe or lump of earth.
Zolláre, to clod or grow together into hard clods or turfes. Also to tie or latch with a latchet.
ZON Zóllo, a kind of fish.
Zollóso, clotty, turfie, full of clods.
Zombáre, to tosse vp in a blanket.
Zombáta, a tossing in a blanket.
Zomolibdéna, litharge or fome of Leade.
Zóna, a girdle or a belt, but properly taken for a certaine breadth in the Heauen or Earth from North to South, bounded out by some of the principall Circls, of the which there are fiue in all, the middlemost being betweene the two Tropikes is called Zóna tórrida, or the firy Zone, two that lie betweene the two Polare circles and his next Tropike, and they are called Zóne tẻmperáte, or the temperate Zones, as being neither extreamely hot nor extreamely cold, and are most inhabited, the other two lye betweene the Polare circles and the two Poles of the world, and they are called Zóne frígide, as being extreame cold and little inhabited.
Zonára, an Ally or place to play at scales or nine pinnes in.
Zonáre, to girdle, to belt or gird and compasse about.
Zonẻlla, any little Zóna, a little girdle or belt.
Zonétti, a kind of Venice drinking-glasses long and wide aboue.
Zóni, keeles, scales or nine pinnes to play at with a bowle.
Zoníte, a kind of Cadmia, hauing lines in it like girdles.
Zonzeáre, andáre a spásso. Looke Zónzo. Also to lie hulling at sea.
Zonzeóne, úno chè non fà chè andáre a spásso. Looke Zónzo.
Zónzo, any kind of recreating sport, glee, solace, pastime or idle play. Also Andáre a Zónzo, to goe or lie a hulling on the sea, as a ship when she hath no winde to saile by, or to goe a sporting.
Zoográphia, painting or describing of beastes.
Zoográpho, a Painter or describer of beastes.
Zophiróne, a thing in forme of a border or girdle in which the shapes or diuers things and formes are wrought or grauen.
Zophíte, that are in part liuing creatures, and in part plants, as Spunges or Oysters, &c. partly sensitiue and partly vegetatiue.
Zophtalmóne, Sengreene, Housleeke.
Zopíro, the hearbe called Pulioll of the mountaine, it is like a running Thime.
Zopiróne, as Zopíro.
Zopíssa, a kinde of ship-pitch or gumme scraped from ships that haue beene at Sea.
ZOT Zóppa, a clod, a clot, a turfe or lumpe of earth. Also a lame limping woman.
Zoppággine, lamenesse, haltingnesse, limpingnesse, criplenesse.
Zoppáre, as Zoppegáre.
Zoppegáre, to halt, to limpe or goe as a criple.
Zoppẻlli, as Zóccoli.
Zoppicaménto, a halting, a limping, a cripling.
Zoppicáre, to halt, to limpe, to cripple.
Zóppo, lame, halting, limping, cripple.
Zórlo, as Zorlútto.
Zorlútto, a Chough with red feete.
Zoronísio, a stone called the Magitians gem.
Zoronósio, as Zoronísio.
Zostéra, as Prasóne.
Zóstero, the disease we call shingles or as some say, Saint Anthonies fire or the running euill.
Zóstro, as Zóstero.
Zoticaménte, as Zótico, Zóttico.
Zottáre, to halt, to limp, to cripple.
Zottáta, a thumping blow, a bang.
Zotticaménte, clounishly, rustically, rudely, carter-like, bungler-like.
Zottichézza, clounishnesse, rudenesse, rusticity, blockishnesse, grossenesse.
Zóttico, clounish, rude, rusticall, blockish, homely, vnmannerly.
Zotticóne, a blockish, rude, rusticall, clounish or carter-like fellow.
Zótto, haulting, limping, cripple, lame.
Zóui, some part of a ship.
Zuáne, as Záne, as Zannuólo.
Zúcca, any kind of Gourd or Pumpion. Vsed also metaphorically for a mans head, sconce, nole pate or scull. Also a scull or a head-piece or steele-cap. Also a kind of wine measure of about a pottle of oures. Also a kind of drinking-glasse. Also a salt-box, a bottle, or a Lanthorne. For in Italy they make such of the dried rindes of Pumpions. Also a casting bottle for sweet water.
Zúcca al vẻnto, a witlesse-scull, an adle-head or shallow-braine.
Zúcca da sále, a salt-box made of a dried Gourd or Pumpion.
Zúcca fiaschétta, a flaske for Gunpowder.
Zuccáio, a place where Gourds grow.
Zúcca marína, a Turkie Coocomber or Sea-pumpion.
Zuccarína, a kind of drinking-glasse. Also a kind of bright Roche-allum.
ZVC Zúccaro, any kind of Sugar.
Zúccaro di trè cótte, sugar thrice refined. Also, as wee say, a knaue in graine.
Zúcca saluática, as Vitálba. Also any kind of wilde Gourde.
Zúcca sénza sále, a sconce without wit, a noddy, a block-head, a shallow-pate.
Zúcca spadáia, as Vitálba.
Zuccáta, a kind of meat made of Pumpions or Gourdes. Also any flim-flam tale or idle discourse without head or foote.
Zuccheráio, a Sugar-maker. Also a Confectionary or Comfet-maker.
Zuccheráre, to sugar, to candy, to confect, to preserue or dresse with sugar.
Zuccheráto, sweet, sugared.
Zuccheríni, all manner of pretty things made of sugar-paste.
Zúcchero, any kind of Sugar.
Zuccheróso, sweet, Candied, full of sugar.
Zucchétta, any little Gourd or Pumpion. Looke Zúcca, a little casting bottle.
Zucconáre, to pole, to not, to shaue.
Zuccóne, a shauen pate, a notted skull. Also a logarhead, a gullish pate.
Zúffa, a fray, a brawle, a quarrell, a bickering, a skirmishing, a riot.
Zuffáre, to quarrell, to brawle, to bicker, to skirmish, to make a fray.
Zúffo, any kind of whistle or pipe. Also some part of a horse.
Zuffoláre, to whistle or pipe.
Zuffoláta, any kind of wistling.
Zuffolatóre, a whistler, a piper.
Zuffolétto, any little whistle.
Zuffolíno, any little whistle.
Zúffolo, any whistle or pipe.
ZVR Zuffuráre, to whistle. Also to whisper.
Zúgo, a gull, a ninny, a noddy, a silly foole. Also a darling, a wanton, a minion.
Zugóne, any great Zúgo.
Zúi, a kind of bird.
Zúppa, any kind of sop or sippet of bread in any drinke or broath. Also a messe of brewes.
Zuppáre, to sop, or sippet.
Zupparẻllo, vsed for a little doublet.
Zúra, a White thorne berry.
Zúrlare, to scoffe, to mocke, to flout. Also to turne round as a top or whirligigge.
Zurlatóre, a scoffer, a flouter, a mocker.
Zúrlo, any kind of top, twirle, gigge nunne or whirligigge as children play withall. Also a round or turning trick in dansing. Also a giddinesse or dizzinesse in the head. Also a gull, a noddy or a ninny.
Zúrma, as Ciúrma.
Zurmáglia, as Ciurmáglia.
Zurmáre, as Ciurmáre.
Zurmatóre, as Ciurmatóre.
Zurnáppa, as Giráffa.
Zurumbet, a kind of strange tree.
Zúzo, vsed for an Owle or Howlet.
Zuzzáre, as Succiáre, or Succhiáre.
Zúzzos, a kind of beast very good to eat, fashioned like a Cunny, which carrieth hir yongue ones in a bag that hangs at hir belly.
Zuzzulíno, a kind of reddish colour called a Gingerline colour.
X.
Xágue, a kind of tree in India, the iuice whereof dieth all things blacke.
XIL Xanthéne, a precious stone like to Amber.
Xánto, a whitish stone, the ground wherof is of a yellowish tauny.
Xarbíle, a Turkish word, as much to say perforce.
Xéno, an Hospitall or Spittle.
Xenódio, as Xéno.
Xenoféggia, the first Moone in September so called of the Grecians.
Xerolíphio, a Sepulcher made of stones for Princes to be buried in.
Xerophtalmía, sorenesse or smarting of the eies.
Xífio, as Xíphio, or Xíphie.
Xilína, a kind of Linnen-cloath made of Gossipióne or Xilóne.
Xilobálsamo, the wood of the Balme-tree.
Xilocinamómo, the wood of the Cinamond-tree.
Xilóne, as Gossipióne, which is a kind of Cotten or Bumbace.
Xilophágo, a worme breeding in timber.
Xilophiláce, a Wood-man or Forrester.
Xíphie, blasing Starres short and sharp pointed in the top, shaking and brandishing like a Darte, and very swift.
Xíphio, the Sword-fish or Emperour of the Sea, so called because it hath a beake like a sword. Also the weed Stinking-gladen or Spurge-wort, or as some say Glader or Flags.
Xiphióne, as Xíphio. Also Spurge-wort.
Xistióne, a kind of precious stone.
Xistóne, a place of exercise in faire weather, a wrestling-place.
FINIS.
NECESSARY
RVLES AND SHORT
OBSERVATIONS FOR THE
Trve Pronovncing And
speedie learning of
The Italian Tongue.
COLLECTED FOR THE
IMPERIALL MAIESTIE OF
Anna, Crowned Queene of England,
Scotland, France and Ireland, &c.
By Iohn Florio Reader of the Italian tongue
vnto her Maiestie, and one of the Gentlemen
of her Royall Priuie Chamber.
(* * *)
LONDON
Printed by W. Stansby for Edward Blunt and William
Barret. 1611.
NECESSARIE RVLES AND
SHORT OBSERVATIONS FOR
The Trve Pronovncing and Speedy
LEARNING OF THE ITALIAN TONGVE,
Collected for the Imperiall Maiestie of Anna, Crowned
Queene of England, Scotland, France and
Ireland, &c.
By Iohn Florio Reader of the Italian tongue
vnto her Maiestie, and one of the Gentlemen
of her Royall Priuie Chamber.
(* * *)
Of Pronounciation.
The Italian tongue is pronounced as it is written, and written as it is pronounced: No letter of it is lost or altered but G. & that chiefly when N. followeth the same, as in these wordes. Ingégno, Mágno, Pégno, Ségno, Sdégno, &c. which then is pronounced much like the English word Onion, as if an I. were included between the N. and the vowell following: It is likewise somwhat lost when Li. followes it, as in these, and infinite other wordes, Fíglio, Móglie, Quégli, Tógliere, and then it is pronounced as the Welchmen and Spaniards pronounce their double Ll. in Lloid, and Quéllo, or as the French men doe their double Ll. after an I. as in their words Fille, Estrille, Merueille, &c. except in the word Negligénza, where it is pronounced as in the Latine, or in this English word Gleeke.
Note that C. before A. O. and V. is euer pronounced as K. in English: which the Italians neuer vse, as in these wordes. Cása, Cásta, Cóllo, Cósa, Cúlla, Custóde, &c. Whereas before E. and I. it is euer pronounced as Ch in English, as in these wordes, Celẻste, Cẻlebre, Cíbo, Cínto, as you doe in these English wordes, Cheape, Cheries, Children, Cheese, and such.
Note that whensoeuer C. is double before A. O. and V. it is euer pronounced as double K. in English, as Accasáre, Accadére, Accomodáre, Accostáre, Accumuláre, Accusáre, &c. whereas if it come double before E. and I. as in these wordes Eccẻdere, Eccellẻnte, Accióche, Vccídere, Vccisióne, you must pronounce the first C. as a T. as if they were written, Etcẻdere, Etcellẻnte, Atcióche, Vtcídere, Vtcisióne, &c.
Note that Ch. is at all times, and in all Italian wordes pronounced as the letter K. in English, as in these wordes, Chè, Chénte, Chì, Chiúnque, euen as you doe in these English wordes, Kettle, Kent, Keeper, Kindred, &c.
Note that the rule giuen for C. may also serue for the letter G. for before A. O. and V. it is pronounced as in English, as Gámba, Góndola, Gúglia, &c. as Gad, God, Good: whereas before E. and I. it is pronounced as the I. being a consonant in English wordes, as Gentíle, Ginócchio, &c. and Ghe. in Italian is pronounced as Gue. or Gui. in English, as Ghermíre, Ghirlánda, as in these wordes, Gealding, Guilt, &c. and if G. be double before A. O. and V. pronounce it as you doe in English, but being double before E. or I. as in these wordes, Lẻggere, Leggiéro, Lóggia, Loggiáre. You must pronounce the first G. as it were a D. euen as you doe in these English wordes, Hedge, Pledge, Dredge, Madge, Lodge, Drudge, &c.
For so much as the Italians haue two very different sounds for the two vowels, E. and O. which for distinctions sake, they name the one close and the other open, and that I neuer yet saw booke printed with their differences but one, which was the Familiar letters of that learned man Claudio Tolomẻi, and that no rule hath yet beene giuen in so many of their tedious Grammars for the helpe of the learner, or for the right vse of them; to ease him, and teach him to avoide the many errors that diuers commit (namely my countrey men the English) in not giuing them their right sounds, I haue thought it most convenient to say something of them.
Note then that throughout all my Dictionarie I haue caused two seuerall E. and two different O. to be cast and vsed, whereby the reader and learner may assuredly know how to pronounce them right, and giue them their proper and due sounds.
The close E. hath euer this forme, e. and is pronouced as the English E. or Ea. as in these wordes, Bell, Beane, Den, Deane, Fell, Flea, Meade, Quell, Sell, Tell, &c. and the open E. hath this forme ẻ which is euer pronounced as Ai. in English, as in these words Baile, Baine, Daine, Faile, Flaile, Maide, Quaile, Saile, Taile, &c.
The close E. is seene in these Italian wordes, Béne, Béuere, Sedére, Tenére, Vedére, and infinite others, and the open E. in these, Bẻllo, Bẻstia, Sẻlla, Sẻdia, Tẻsta, Tẻrra, Vẻrro, Vẻste, &c.
So likewise to the close O. I haue throughout my booke giuen this oualle forme O. and to the open this round forme O. The first, close or oualle is euer pronounced as the English single V. in these wordes, Bun, Dug, Flud, Gud, Rud, Stun, Tun, &c. whereas the other round or open is euer pronounced as our O. in these wordes, Bone, Dog, Flow, God, Rod, Stone, Tone, &c. as for example in these Italian wordes, Io honóro il mío Dío cón ógni diuotióne, where euery O. is close and oualle. And in these, lúi mi vuóle tórre la mia tórre; or else, lúi mi hà rósa la mia rósa: where Tórre with an open or round O. is a verbe and signifieth to take, and tórre with a close or oualle O. is a noune substantiue, and signifieth a tower; and Rósa with an oualle and close O. is a participle of the verbe Ródere, and signifieth Gnawne or Nibled, and Rósa with a round or open O. is a noune substantiue, and signifieth the floure that we call a Rose.
I could with many amplifications insist vpon these two letters, but because I desire to shunne prolixity, and addresse mine endeauours to reasonable creatures, and no Critikes, I thinke this sufficient, & for a triall referre them to my Dictionarie, where they may perceiue euery word truly accented, which was yet neuer seen in any printed booke of what language soeuer, and which was only done for her sacred Maiestie, whom alone next to God I desire to serue and satisfie, which if shee be, I haue my desire, I aime no further, and care not for the vulgar.
Note that I. is neuer consonant in the Italian tongue, but euer a vowell, and is commonly pronounced as double Ee. in English, as in these words, Biánco, Gridáre, Gíro, Líbro, Mirácolo, Nído, Siréna, Tíro, Vilúppo, &c. as you doe in these English words, Bee, Creeke, Greene, Lee, Neede, Meede, Queene, Seene, Speede, Reede, Seede, Tree, Weede, &c.
Note that Sce, and Sci, as in these Italian wordes Scẻmpio, Sceleráto, Scilinguáto, Scimoníto, &c. are euer pronounced as you doe Sh. in these English words, Shame, Shent, Sheepe, Ship, &c.
Note that V. in the beginning, and sometimes in the middle of words, namely another vowell following the same, is euen a consonant, as in Vário, Vedére, Veníre, Antiuedére, Preueníre, &c. but being a vowell, as in these words, Cúra, Furóre, Manducáre, Natúra, Púto, Rúta, &c. it is commonly pronounced as double Oo. in English, as in these words, Foode, Moode, Good, Moote, Roode, Stoode, Wood, &c.
Note that the coniunction copulatiue Et. Ed. or E. comming before a vowell it ought to be pronounced Et. or Ed. as for example, António, ẻt Andrẻa, ẻt ío siámo trè, or else, António, ẻd Andrẻa ẻd io siámo trè. whereof the latter is the most elegant. Whereas before consonants it ought to be pronounced but as single open E. as for example, Io, ẻ tù, ẻ lui, ẻ tútti gli áltri nón facciámo chè vn córpo, except sometimes in verse by Poẻtica Licẻnza, which among Italians is very great.
Note that when two Zz. come together betweene two vowels, as in these words, Bẻllézza, Cẻrtézza, Grandézza, Fortézza, &c. you ought to pronounce the first Z. as a T. as if they were written Bẻllétza, Cẻrtétza, Fortétza, Grandétza, &c. except in these words, Mẻzzáno, Mẻzzo, Lẻzzo, Rẻzzo, Rózzo, and some few others, where the first Z. is pronounced as a D. as if they were written, Mẻdzáno, Mẻdzo, Lẻdzo, Rẻdzo, Ródzo, &c. all which words were better written and printed with a single Z. then with a double.
Note also that when Z. commeth betweene a vowell and a consonant, as in these words, Ammorzáre, Fórza, Scórza, Sénza, &c. you ought to pronounce the same Z. as if a T. did goe before it, as if they were written, Ammortzáre, Fórtza, Scórtza, Séntza, &c.
Thus much I thinke sufficient for the pronunciation.
Of the Articles of the Italian tongue, and of the frequent vse of them.
Note that there is no part of speech more necessary to be truly knowen of him that learneth Italian, then the Articles, forsomuch as without them no man can perfectly distinguish of genders, which are two, Masculine and Feminine; of numbers, which are also two, Singular and Plurall; and of Cases, which are sixe; Nominatiue, Genitiue, Datiue, Accusatiue, Vocatiue, and Ablatiue; and no language hath so frequent vse of them, as the Italian, I haue therefore set them downe, and how they are to be declined and vsed. The Articles are in number seuen: fiue of the Masculine, and two of the Feminine genders. Of the fiue Masculine, two are of the Singular, and three of the Plurall number. Of the two Feminine, one is of the Singular, and one of the Plurall number.
The fiue articles of the Masculine gender are.
| Mas. Sing. | Mas. Plu. | Mas. Sing. | Mas. Plu. | Mas. Plu. | |
| No. | il. | i. | ló. | gli. | li. |
| Ge. | dél. | déi, de'. | déllo. | dégli. | délli. |
| Da. | al. | ai, a'. | állo. | ágli. | álli. |
| Accu. | il. | i. | ló. | gli. | li. |
| Voca. | ô. | ó. | ó. | ó. | ô. |
| Abla. | dal. | dái, da'. | dállo. | dágli. | dálli. |
All which haue but one in English, and that is, The; which serueth for both genders and numbers; for you say, the man, the men, the woman, and the women.
| Fem. Sing. | Fem. Plu. | In English. | |
| Nom. | la. | le. | the. |
| Gen. | délla. | délle. | of the. |
| Dat. | álla. | álle. | to the. |
| Accu. | la. | le. | the. |
| Vo. | ó. | ó. | oh the. |
| Abla. | dálla. | dálle. | from, of, or by the. |
Of the true vse of these Articles.
Note that Il and I, are commonly and ought to be vsed before nounes or words that begin with consonants, as Il béne, Il dólce, Il Mále, Il líbro, Il Préncipe, Il Rẻ, &c. I béni, I dólci, I máli, I líbri, I Préncipi, I Rẻ, &c.
Note that L'ó, and Gli, are or els ought euer to be vsed before nounes or words beginning with vowels, and are commonly by the best Speakers or Writers apostrophed, and pronounced together as they were but one word, as L'abbáte, L'altáre, L'Angelo, L'amóre, L'ódio, &c. gl'abbáti, gl'altári, gl'Angeli, gl'amóri, gl'ódij, &c.
Note that forsmuch as good Italians shun as a thing most harsh among them, to haue or vse many consonants together, namely aboue two, seldome three, and never foure; and that there be diuers words of the Masculine gender that begin with S. and one or more consonants follow the same, as Spirito, Strále, Stráccio, Stromẻnto, &c. Before such words they will not, according to the foresaid rule, vse the Articles Il, and I, but will say and write, as being more pleasing in pronouncing, and to the eare, lo Spírito, lo Stráccio, lo Strále, lo Stromẻnto, gli Spíriti, gli Stráccij, gli Stráli, gli Stromẻnti, &c.
Note that the Article Li, is and may indifferently be vsed before consonants or vowels, as Li árbori, li cittadíni, li quáli, &c. and I am of opinion that were it not that some ancient Writers haue vsed the same, moderne Writers would not much vse it.
Note that La, and Le, before vowels are vsually apostrophed and pronounced as one word, whereas before consonants they are written and pronounced seuerally: as for example, L'ácqua, l'ánima, l'altézza, l'acque, l'ánime, l'altézze, &c. La bálla, la Cárne, la fáccia, la ménte, la tẻrra, &c. Le bálle, le Carni, le fáccie, le ménti, le tẻrre, &c.
Note that the foresaid particles are not euer or properly articles, except they be ioyned vnto absolute nounes, whether substantiues, adiectiues, or proper: for if they be affixed vnto verbes (as they are very often) they change their property, and become pronounes deriuatiues from the primitiues, or else demonstratiues of the Datiue and Accusatiue cases, as for example; Io gli diédi, I gaue him: Io il víddi, I saw him: Tù lo conósci, thou knowest him: Tù i Sénti, thou hearest them, Tù la tócchi, thou touchest her: Tù le fai mále, thou dost her hurt: and with verbes of priuation, as hereafter shall be better declared, Gli, and li, and le become of the Ablatiue case: as for example; Tù gli rubásti, thou stolest from him, or them. Tu li tollésti, thou tookest from him or them: Tu la furásti, thou stolest from her.
Note also that these two Articles La and Li are sometimes aduerbes of place, signifying There, or in that place, and then they are commonly accented, as Là and Lì.
Note that to the Articles are diuers times affixed these prepositions, as Di of the Genitiue case, A of the Datiue, and Da of the Ablatiue; which so ioyned, make of the Genitiue Del, Dell', Déi, De', Déllo, Dégli, Délli, Délla, Delle, and of the Datiue Al, All', Ai, A', Allo, Agli, Alli, Alla, Alle, and of the Ablatiue Dál, Dáll', Dái, Da', Dállo, Dágli, Dálli, Dálla, Dálle; which sometimes are in the Italian tongue diuersly vsed, and lose their ordinary significations: as for example; those of the Genitiue case become somtimes the signe of a comparison, in English, Then, or Then the, namely, after the Aduerbs of quantity, Più, or Méno, as thus: Tù Sẻi più dótto di mè, mà nón già déll'amíco nóstro. Other times following a verbe and being before a noune substantiue, whose quality may be diuisible, they become Aduerbs of quantity, and signifie Some, or part of, as thus, Dámmi dél páne ẻ dél vino, ẻt io tì darò délla cárne, dégl'óssi, ẻ dél pésce.
Note that Alla, being placed before any noune adiectiue, it makes the same an aduerbe of similitude; like vnto, or after the fashion of, as thus, Io procédo álla reále, I proceed like vnto an honest man, or honest-man-like. Or thus, Lui párla all'Italiána, vẻste álla Francése, béue álla Todésca, &c. He speaketh after the Italian fashion, clotheth after the French, and drinkes after the Dutch manner, &c.
And euen so doth Da, being placed before a noune substantiue, as thus, Io procédo da huómo da béne, tù vẻsti da capitáno, párli da Dottóre, ẻ fái da poltróne.
Note that all the Datiue cases A, Al, All', Allo, Alla, Ai, A', Agli, Alli, Alle, as also all these Articles, Affixes, or Pronounes deriuatiues, Mi, Ti, Si, Ci, Vi, Me, Te, Se, Ce, Ve, Ne, which are of the Datiue case, if any of them be affixed to any verbes of priuation, as Ascóndere, Furáre, Rubbáre, Tógliere, &c. contrary to all rules (and which was yet neuer noted in any Grammar that I haue seene) they all become of the Ablatiue case, and with no other verbes, as thus, Io hò leuáte le fórze a', or, alli miéi amici, Tù mi t'ascóndi, Tù ci hai furáti i nostri líbri; Dio vi torrà i vóstri piacéri, vói ne hauéte tólto il nóstro ripóso. I peccatóri non si póssono nascóndere á Dío, &c. which be meere Italianismes.
Note also that the Preposition of the Ablatiue case Da. whether alone or ioyned to any Article, as Dál, Dai, Dállo, Dágli, Dálli, Dálla, Dálle, comming after any of these verbes of motion, Andáre, Córrere, Fuggíre, Veníre, &c. so that the party or persons to whom you goe, runne, flie, or come, be named or mentioned, contrary to all rules giuen in Grammars, they become of the Datiue case. As for example, Andándo dal Signór Páolo, Córsi dálla Signóra María, volẻndo fuggíre dalli Signóri Thomaso ẻd Andrẻa, vénni dal Signór Henrico, &c.
Note also that the preposition of the Ablatiue case Da. comming before any Noune numerall or number, it serueth for the Preposition, Círca or Intórno, in English, About, as thus. Érano da venti soldáti. They were about twenty souldiers. Io vi trouái da diẻci huómini da béne. There I found about ten honest men, &c.
Note also that Da, or Da' are likewise often vsed for an Aduerbe of exception, sauing or except: but then the thing excepted must immediately follow Da, and Infuóri or in pói, must succeede the same, as Io truóuo mólte cóse da denári in fuóri. Tútti sóno huómini da béne da' furbi in pói. &c.
Note that these prepositions, Con, Pẻr, In, Nón, are often ioyned vnto Articles, and made as one word or sillable, as for Con il. Con i. Con lo. Con gli. Con la. Con le. the Italians will say and write. Col tẻmpo. Coi líbri. Co' fratẻlli. Coll'amóre. Cogl'ódij. Cólla mádre. Cólle sorẻlle, &c. in English, with or with the.
In steede of, Pẻr il. Pẻr i. Pẻr lo. Pẻr gli. Pẻr li. Pẻr la. Pẻr le. They say and write. Pẻl. Pẻi. Pẻ', Pẻllo. Pẻgli. Pẻlli. Pẻlla. Pẻlle. For, Through, or by the.
In steede of, In il. In i. In lo. In gli. In li. In la. In le. They say and write, Nél. Nei. Ne'. Néllo. Négli, Nélli. Nélla. Nélle. In English, In, Into, or in the.
In steede of, Non il. Non i. Non lo. Non gli. Non li. Non la. Non le. They say and write, Nol. Noi. No'. Nóllo. Nógli. Nólli. Nólla. Nólle. In English, Not the, not him, not her, or not them, &c. Let this suffice for the Articles and the vse of them.
Of Nounes in generall, namely of Substantiues, and of the vse of them.
A Noune is properly any thing of Essence or Substance, which may either be touched, seene, or imagined, as Árbore, Córno, Fióre, Sásso, &c. Sóle, Lúna, Ciẻlo, Stélla, &c. Dío, Ánima, Speránza, Paradíso, &c.
Note that all Italian Nounes, both Substantiues, Adiectiues, and Proper, be either of the Masculine or Feminine genders, and that most of them be either meerely Latine, or deriued of the Latine. Those that be Latine, haue only the Ablatiue case singular of the same, which serueth for all cases singular of the Italian, and only the Articles distinguish both genders and numbers; so that whosoeuer knowes the Articles perfectly, and learneth to decline but one Noune, shall thereby know how to decline all. I will not therfore be tedious.
Note that all Masculine Nounes in the singular number, end and terminate either in O. or in E. or in A. and all in I. in the Plurall, except some few heteroclites, whereof shall be spoken hereafter, as for example. Il Castẻllo, Il Ciẻlo, Il líbro, Il tẻmpo, L'ódio, L'orgóglio, &c. I castẻlli, I ciẻli, I líbri, I tẻmpi, Gl'ódij, gl'orgógli, &c. Il fiúme, Il nóme, Il pádre, Il sángue, Il túrbine, &c. I fiúmi, I nómi, I pádri, I sángui, I túrbini, &c. Il Dúca, Il Poẻta, Il Profẻta, l'Euangelísta, &c. I Dúchi, I Poẻti, I Prophẻti, Gl'Euangelisti, &c.
Note that most of Italian Feminine nounes end in the singular either in A. or in E. if in A. then in E. in the plurall. As for example, La bálla. la cárta. la tẻrra. la táuola, &c. Le bálle. le cárte. le tẻrre. le táuole. &c. L'ácqua. L'ánima. L'ácque. L'ánime. &c. And if in E. in the singular, then in I. in the plurall, as for example, La consuetúdine. La mádre. La ménte. La salúte. &c. Le consuetúdini. Le mádri. Le ménti. Le salúti, &c. L'occasióne. L'occasióni. One only Feminine noune endeth in O. that is, La máno, which in the plurall endeth in I. as Le máni.
Note that all Feminine nounes that in their Ablatiue case singular of the Latin end in Áte, or V´te. The Italians (namely in prose) reiect and loose the last sillable Té, and take the rest, euer placing an accent ouer the last A. or V. making Singular and Plurall all one, which they distinguish by the Articles, or by the Adiectiues, or by the Pronounes ioyned vnto them, as for example, La Città. La qualità. La quantità. La realità. &c. Le città. Le qualità. Le quantità. Le realità. &c. La giouentù. La seruitù. La vertù. &c. Le giouentù. Le seruitù. Le vertù. &c. Yet obserue that Poets may, and doe often dispence with this rule: for at their pleasure they may vse both, yea and often change Te into De, as for example. La città. la cittáte. la cittáde. La qualità. la qualitáte. la qualitáde. La vertù. la vertúte. la vertúde. &c. Le città. le cittáti. le cittádi. Le qualitá. le qualitáti. le qualitádi. Le vertù. le vertúti. le vertúdi. &c.
Note that all Italian Feminine nounes that end in Ántia or Éntia, may at the pleasure of the speaker or writer, end in Anza or Enza, and Tuscans count the latter the best, as thus Abondántia, Abondánza. Vigilántia, Vigilánza, &c. Diligẻntia, Diligẻnza, Patiẻntia, Patiẻnza, &c.
Note that all Italian Masculine Nounes, that in the singular end in Io. whereof there are many, should in the plurall end in ij. as for example. Essẻrcítio, Ódio, Ótio, Vítio, Essẻrcítij, Ódij, Ótij, Tẻmpij, Vitij, &c.
Note that most of those Latine Nounes that in their Ablatiue case singular end in Ine. as Flúmine, Nómine, Sánguine, the Italians loose and reiect that sillable Ne, and changing the I. into E. they say. Fiúme, Nóme, Sángue, excepting Hómine, whereof they frame Huómo in the singular, and Huómini in the plurall, yet vse they to say, Fúlmine, Túrbine, Fúlmini, Túrbini.
Note that adding an Article of the Masculine gender to any Infinitiue moode, the same becommeth a Noune substantiue, a thing much vsed among the Italians, as also by putting a Pronoune demonstratiue before them, as thus. Il mio descináre non mi cósta núlla. Il dormíre di giórno non ẻ sáno. L'amáre il móndo non piáce a Dio. Quésto tánto studiáre non vi gióua. Quésto vóstro lẻggere vi darà nóia. Quéllo Córrere in frétta fà cadére, &c.
Note that the Italians haue a certaine liberty in framing Substantiues or rather Nicknames, according to their diuers humours or capriccios, a thing much vsed among them: and that is, by taking the third person singular of the Present tence of the Indicatiue moode of any verbe of the first Coniugation, or else the scond person singular of the same Tence and Moode of all Verbs of the second, third, and fourth Coniugations, and putting any substantiue noune to the same, as for example. Vn Caua-dẻnti, a Tooth-drawer. Vn Spázza-camíno, a Chimney-sweeper. Vn Vendi-légna, a Wood-seller, Vn Sórbi-bródo, a Broth-supper, &c.
Note that in Nounes of Trees and Fruits in the Italian tongue, the trees should euer be of the Masculine gender, and the fruits of the Feminine. As for example, Castágno, a Chesse-nut-tree, Castágna, a Chesse-nut, Mándorlo, an Almond-tree, Mándorla, an Almond, Péro, a Peare-tree, Péra, a Peare, Póomo, an Apple-tree, Póma, an Apple, Pẻrsico, a Peach-tree, Pẻrsica, a Peach, Prúno, a Plum-tree, Prúna, a Plum, &c.
Note that taking the name of any manuall thing or wrought by hand, so it be euer made to end in A. as Bottóne, Bótte, Capẻllo, Guánto, Líbro, Candéla, Cárta, Sẻlla, Spáda, &c. and ioyning Ro. or Io. vnto it, you make substantiuely the professor or workeman of that trade, as thus. Bottonáro, Bottonáio, Bottáro, Bottáio, Capẻlláro, Capẻlláio, Guantáro, Guantáio, Libráro, Libráio, Candeláro, Candeláio, Cartáro, Cartáio, Sẻlláro, Sẻlláio, Spadáro, Spadáio.
Note that taking the Participle of any verbe actiue, and putting Re. vnto the same, you make a substantiue that expresseth the actor of that verbe, as thus. Balláto, Danced, Ballatóre, a Dancer, Amáto, Loued, Amatóre, a Louer, Cantáto, Sung, Cantatóre, a Singer, Gouernáto, Gouerned, Gouernatóre, a Gouernour, Lẻtto, Read, Lẻttóre, a Reader, Scrítto, Written, Scrittóre, a Writer, Vdíto, Heard, Vditóre, a Hearer, &c. All which you may make of the Feminine gender by changing, Tóre into Tríce. as thus. Amatríce, Ballatríce, Cantatríce, Gouernatríce, Lẻttríce, Scrittríce, Vditríce. &c.