INDEX
- A
- Accommodations, equality of,in schools, 192–194;
- nature of, under “Jim Crow” laws, 223–224.
- Adultery and fornication between Negro and White, punishment for, 273.
- “African” as race name, 20.
- Africans, naturalization of, 297.
- “Afro-American” as race name, 20.
- Age as a qualification for voting, 297.
- Alabama, limitations in, upon Negroes in respect to occupations, 41–42;
- sale of drugs by free Negroes prohibited in, 42;
- separation of paupers by race in, 47;
- apprentice laws in, 53;
- slave marriages legal in, by statute, 73;
- effect of attempted intermarriage in, 84;
- punishment in, for issuing license for intermarriage, 86;
- separation of races in, in prisons, 146;
- division of public school fund between races in, 195;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 242;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 253–264;
- qualifications for voting in, 322–323.
- Alaska, qualifications for voting in, 338–339.
- Albany, N. Y., separation of races in schools of, 185.
- Aliens as voters, 296–297.
- Alton, Ill., separation of races in schools of, 180.
- Amalgamation, between race elements in United States, 12;
- race line blurred by, 12.
- See Intermarriage, Miscegenation.
- Amendments to Federal Constitution, purpose of first ten, 102.
- See Constitutionality, Suffrage.
- Anderson, Charles W., on proper name for Negro, 23.
- Apprentice laws applying to Negroes, 53–58;
- 53–55;
- Arizona, selling liquor and firearms to Indians prohibited in, 45;
- Arkansas, slave marriages legal in, by statute, 73;
- punishment in, for performing ceremony of intermarriage, 87;
- civil rights legislation in, 116;
- Negroes in militia in, 145;
- separation of races in prisons of, 146;
- in schools of, 170;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 242;
- early statute in, on Negro jury service, 249;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 254–255;
- qualifications for voting in, 322–323.
- Arnett, Benjamin W., excluded from hotels in Boston, 126.
- Asheville, N. C., suits in, over mistakes in race designation in directory, 32.
- Asylums, separation of races in, 148.
- Atlanta, Ga., separation of races in saloons of, 133.
- B
- Baker, Ray Stannard, “Following the Colour Line,” 6;
- on
- intermarriage in North, 99;
- on race discrimination by labor unions, 140.
- Baptist denomination, race distinctions in, 141.
- Barber shops, race distinctions in, 129–130.
- Berea College, separation of races in, 154–159.
- Billiard rooms, race distinctions in, 131–132.
- “Black Laws,” of 1865–68, 35–63;
- Black man, proper name for, in America, 20–24.
- “Blacks” as race name, 21.
- Blind, in asylums, separated by race, 147.
- Boarding houses. See Restaurants.
- Bootblack stands, race distinctions at, 130–131.
- Borough of Queens, N. Y., separation of races in schools of, 185.
- Boston, intermarriage in, 98;
- Bowen, J. W. E., on proper name for Negro, 20, 23.
- British Columbia, separation of races in schools of, 163.
- Brooks, Walter H., on proper name for Negro, 23.
- Brownsville, Texas, and Negro militia, 144.
- Bryce, James, on effect of Dred Scott decision, 8.
- Buffalo, N. Y., separation of races in schools of, 185.
- C
- Caboose cars not under “Jim Crow” laws, 221.
- Cafés. See Restaurants.
- California, race distinctions at skating rinks in, 136;
- Canady, E. W., on Negro as lawyer, 241.
- Capitalization of “Negro” as race name, 21–22, 24.
- Cemeteries, race distinctions in, 136–137.
- Ceremony of intermarriage, punishment for performing, 87–88.
- Certificates of slave marriages, 70–73;
- Character as qualification for voting, 308–310.
- Cheshire, Joseph Blount, on separation of races in Episcopal Church, 143–144.
- Chicken-stealing a felony, 275.
- Chinese, intermarriage of, with Whites, 82–83;
- Chinese Exclusion Act, 296.
- Chop-houses. See Restaurants.
- Churches, race distinctions in, 141–144.
- Citizenship as a qualification for voting, 296–297.
- Civil rights of Negroes, 102–149;
- Civil Rights Bill of 1866, 9, 10, 104, 106;
- Civil Rights Bill of 1875, 10, 108–111, 247–248;
- Civil Rights Cases, 110–111;
- civil rights legislation, Federal, 103–111;
- in States, between 1865 and 1883, 111–120;
- in Northern States, between 1865 and 1883, 112–115;
- in South, after 1883, 120;
- in States outside South, after 1883, 120–124;
- in Massachusetts, 112;
- in Delaware, 112–114, 118;
- in Kansas, 114;
- in Florida, 115;
- in New York, 115;
- in Arkansas, 116;
- in Louisiana, 116;
- in Tennessee, 116–118;
- in North Carolina, 118–120;
- State Civil Rights Bills, table of, 122;
- penalty for violating, 123;
- construed, 137–138.
- See Barber Shops, Billiard Rooms, Bootblack Stands, Cemeteries, Conveyances, Hotels, Restaurants, Saloons, Schools, Skating
- Rinks, Soda Fountains, and Theatres.
- Cohabitation of Negroes and Whites without intermarriage, 88;
- constitutionality of laws against, 89.
- Colonies, race distinctions in, 7.
- Colorado, effect of intermarriage in, 84;
- “Colored” required on street cars, 231.
- “Colored Persons” as race name, 20.
- Conductors, of trains, punishment of, for violating “Jim Crow” laws, 225–226;
- on street cars, special policemen to enforce “Jim Crow” laws, 231.
- Connecticut, race distinctions in, in barber shops, 129;
- Constitutionality of apprentice laws, 57;
- 157–159;
- Contracts for labor by Negroes, 46–53;
- Conveyances, public, separation of races in, 207–233.
- See “Jim Crow” laws.
- “Coon,” a term of contempt, 20.
- Cotton, bagging off, at night, a crime, 275.
- Court room, Negro in, 237–277.
- See Judges, Jurors, Lawyers, Spectators, Witnesses.
- Courts, separate, for Negroes, 272–273.
- Croatan Indians, intermarriage of, with Negroes prohibited, 90;
- separate schools for, 174.
- Curfew law for Negroes in Mobile, Ala., 276.
- D
- Dakota Territory, selling liquor to Indians prohibited in, 45;
- “white” stricken from election laws of, 286.
- Dare, Virginia, and Lost Colony, 90–91.
- “Darkies” as race name, 20.
- Defamation to call a white person a Negro, 26–33;
- actionable per se, 32.
- Delaware, “Black Laws” of, 37;
- apprentice laws of, 57;
- effect of intermarriage in, 87;
- effect given to marriages in other States in, 92;
- civil rights legislation in, 112–114;
- provisions for public schools for Negroes in, 169;
- separation of races in public schools of, 178;
- “Jim Crow” legislation in, 211;
- intimidation of Negroes at polls in, 293;
- qualifications for voting in, 324–325.
- Dependents, State, separated by race, 146–149.
- See Asylums, Blind, Lunatic, Prisoners, Reformatories.
- Designation of race separation under “Jim Crow” laws, 225.
- Detroit, Mich., race distinctions in restaurants of, 127.
- Dickinson, Secretary of War, on suffrage in Porto Rico, 313.
- Discriminations, race, and distinctions contrasted, 2–4, 348–362.
- See Distinctions.
- Disfranchisement, extent of actual, in South, 320–321.
- See Suffrage.
- Distinctions, race, defined, 1;
- contrasted with race discriminations, 2–4, 348–362;
- actual and legal, contrasted, 5;
- in Colonies, 7;
- in hotels, 124–127;
- in restaurants, 127–129;
- in barber shops, 129–130;
- at bootblack stands, 130–131;
- in billiard rooms, 131–132;
- at soda fountains, 133–134;
- in saloons, 132–133;
- in theatres, 134–136;
- at skating rinks, 136;
- in cemeteries, 136–137;
- by insurance companies, 138–140;
- in churches, 141;
- in punishments, 273–277;
- in vagrancy laws, 275;
- not confined to one section, 348–350;
- not confined to one race, 350–351;
- not decreasing, 351–353;
- not based on race superiority, 353–354;
- proper place of, 356–358.
- District of Columbia, intermarriages in, 93;
- Division of public school fund between races, 194–199.
- E
- East Orange, N. J., separate classes for white and Negro children in public schools of, 184–185.
- East St. Louis, Ill., burning school building in, to prevent Negro school, 180.
- Eating houses. See Restaurants.
- Education Association, Southern, on race problem, 356;
- on
- curricula for Negro schools, 360.
- Educational test as qualification for voting, 301–315.
- See Suffrage.
- Effect given by one State to marriages between Whites and Negroes in other States, 92–95.
- Eggleston, J. D., Jr., on proportion of public school fund in Virginia contributed by Negroes, 195.
- Elements, race, in United States, 6.
- Eliot, Charles W., on separation of races in schools, 163–164.
- Emancipation Proclamation as military expedient, 8.
- Emmanuel Magazine on Negroes as lawyers, 240.
- Employees of railroad, “Jim Crow” laws do not apply to, 222–223.
- “Enforcement Act” of 1870, 290–291.
- Episcopal Church, separation of races in, 143–144.
- Equality of accommodations in public schools, 192–194;
- in public conveyances, 223–224.
- See Schools, Conveyances, “Jim Crow” laws.
- Evidence admitted as presumption of race, 17.
- Exemptions from application of “Jim Crow” laws, 222, 232.
- Extent of separation of races on railroad cars, 216;
- on
- street cars, 228–229;
- of actual disfranchisement of Negroes, 320–321.
- See “Jim Crow” laws, Suffrage.
- Extra cars, “Jim Crow” laws do not apply to, 221.
- F
- Federal legislation on slave marriages, 75;
- Fifteenth Amendment, ratified, 10;
- Firearms, sale of, to Negroes prohibited, 43–44;
- Flack, Horace E., on contemporary understanding of Civil Rights Bill of 1866, 106;
- on purpose of adoption of Fourteenth Amendment, 107.
- Florida, sale of firearms to Negroes prohibited in, 43;
- contracts for labor by Negroes in, 46;
- remarriage of
- Negroes in, 68;
- effect of intermarriage in, 84;
- punishment in, for issuing license for intermarriage, 86;
- for performing ceremony, 87;
- for cohabitation without intermarriage, 88;
- civil rights legislation in, 115;
- race distinctions in cemeteries in, 136;
- separation of races in schools of, 170;
- in private schools of, 190;
- early “Jim Crow” laws in, 208;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 243;
- actual jury service by Negroes in, 255–256;
- different punishments for Negroes in, 274;
- qualifications for voting in, 324–325.
- Foraker, Senator, on Brownsville affair, 145.
- Fornication and adultery between Negro and White, punishment for, 273.
- See Punishments.
- Fourteenth Amendment, ratified, 9;
- Free Negroes, marriage between, and slaves, 74.
- See Negroes, Marriage, Movements, “Black Laws,” Civil Rights.
- %center%G
- Genealogical table in determining race, 18.
- Georgia, remarriage of Negroes in, 69;
- social status not a subject of legislation in, 80;
- effect given by, to marriages in other States, 93;
- Negroes in militia in, 145;
- separation of prisoners by race in, 146;
- separation of races in reformatories of, 147;
- in public schools of, 170;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 243;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 256–258;
- qualifications for voting in, 324–325.
- Germantown, Pa., Guide on cemeteries for Negroes, 137.
- “Grandfather Clauses” as qualifications for voting, 305–308.
- See Suffrage.
- H
- Harvard University, Dr. Chas. W. Eliot on separation of races at, 164;
- study of race problem at, 356.
- Hawaii, qualifications for voting in, 338–339.
- High Schools, for Whites and not for Negroes, 193;
- Hotels, race distinctions in, 124–127.
- Hurd, John Codman, “The Law
- of Freedom and Bondage in the United States,” 8.
- I
- Idaho, selling firearms to Indians prohibited in, 45;
- Identity, race, mistaken on cars, 29–32.
- Illinois, “Black Laws” of, 38;
- Indiana, “Black Laws” in, 37;
- effect of intermarriage in, 84;
- punishment in, for performing ceremony of intermarriage, 87;
- race distinctions in hotels in, 125;
- separation of races in orphan asylums in, 148–149;
- in schools of, before 1865, 167;
- in public schools of, 181;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 245;
- qualifications for voting in, 326–327.
- Indians, selling firearms to, prohibited, 45;
- 45;
- in Nebraska, 45;
- in Dakota Territory, 45;
- in Idaho, 45;
- in Maine, 46;
- in Utah, 45;
- in Washington, 45;
- intermarriage between Whites and, 82;
- between Croatan Indians and Negroes, 90;
- separate schools for, allowed in California, 159;
- as witnesses in California, 245;
- in Virginia, 245;
- in Washington, 246.
- Indictments quashed because no Negroes on jury, 250–252.
- Insular possession of United States, suffrage in, 312–313.
- Insurance companies, race distinctions by, 138–140.
- Intermarriage, and miscegenation, 78–99;
- during Reconstruction, 78–80;
- between Whites and “Persons of Color,” 81;
- present state of the laws on, 81;
- to whom laws apply, 81–83;
- between Chinese and Whites, 82–83;
- between Indians and Whites, 82–83;
- between Kanakans and Whites, 83;
- between Mongolians and Whites, 82–83;
- effect of attempted, 83–84;
- punishment for, 84–86;
- punishment for issuing license for, 86–87;
- punishment for performing ceremony of, 87–88;
- repeal of laws against, 89–90;
- and Federal Constitution, 95–97;
- and Fourteenth Amendment, 97;
- in
- Boston, 98;
- Interstate travel and “Jim Crow” laws, 217–219.
- Intimidation of Negroes at polls, 291–294.
- Iowa, “Black Laws” in, 38;
- J
- Japanese, excluded from public schools of San Francisco, 159–163;
- census of, to be taken in California, 163.
- “Jim Crow” laws, origin of term, 208;
- Johnson, E. A., on proper name for Negro, 22.
- Joyner, J. Y., on proportion of public school fund in North Carolina contributed by Negroes, 194.
- Judges, Negroes as, 238.
- Jurors, Negroes as, 247–272;
- K
- Kanakans, term defined, 25;
- intermarriage between, and Whites, 83.
- Kansas, civil rights legislation, 114;
- Kentucky, movements of Negroes restricted in, 40;
- selling liquor to Negroes prohibited in, 44;
- contracts for labor by Negroes in, 47;
- apprentice laws in, 53;
- certificates of slave marriages in, 70–72;
- separation of lunatics by race in, 148;
- separation of races in private schools of, 154–155;
- in public schools of, 171;
- local taxation for schools of, 196–197;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 242–243;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 258;
- different punishments for Negroes in, 274;
- punishment for chicken-stealing in, 275;
- qualifications for voting in, 326–327.
- Kitchin, W. W., on Negro suffrage in North Carolina in 1835, 283.
- Knox, John B., on suffrage, 361.
- L
- Labor, contracts for, by Negroes, 46–53;
- Labor unions, race discrimination by, 140–141.
- Lawyers, Negroes as, 239–241.
- Legitimacy of children of slave marriages, 67–75.
- See Marriages.
- License, punishment for issuing, for intermarriage, 86–87.
- Limitations upon Negroes in respect to occupations, 41–43.
- Lincoln, Neb., race distinctions in barber shops in, 129.
- Liquor, sale of, to free Negroes prohibited, 43–44;
- Lost Colony and Virginia Dare, 90–91.
- Louisiana, certificates of slave marriages in, 72;
- punishment in, for cohabitation
- without intermarriage, 89;
- civil rights legislation in, 116;
- separation of races in saloons in, 133;
- race distinctions in theatres in, 135;
- separation of races in schools of, during Reconstruction, 171;
- at present, 172;
- race distinctions on public conveyances in, 213;
- early statute on Negro jury service in, 249;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 258–259;
- intimidation of Negroes at polls in, 293;
- qualifications for voting in, 326–327.
- Lucas County, O., race distinctions in restaurants in, 128.
- Lunatics, separated by race, 147.
- Lunch counters. See Restaurants.
- Lynch, James, body of, removed from white to Negro cemetery, 137.
- M
- Machen, A. W., Jr., on Fifteenth Amendment, 319.
- Maine, sale of liquor to Indians prohibited in, 46;
- Marital relations of slaves fixed, 67–75.
- Marriages, slave, certificates of, 70–73;
- 72;
- legal by statute, 73–74;
- in Alabama, 73;
- in Arkansas, 73;
- in Texas, 73;
- in Illinois, 74;
- in Ohio, 74;
- in Virginia, 74;
- in West Virginia, 74;
- between slaves and free Negroes, 74;
- slave, and Federal legislation, 75;
- between Negroes and other non-Caucasian races, 90–91;
- between Negroes and Croatan Indians in North Carolina, 90;
- effect given by one State to, in other States, 92–95;
- marriage a status, 96.
- Maryland, “Black Laws” in, 36;
- Massachusetts, civil rights legislation in, 112;
- race distinctions in hotels in, 125;
- in barber shops in, 129;
- in billiard rooms in, 131;
- at skating rinks in, 136;
- by insurance companies in, 138;
- resolution against discrimination by labor unions of, 140;
- separation of races in public schools of, before 1857, 167–170, 187;
- gave name to “Jim Crow” car, 208;
- qualifications for voting in, 328–329.
- Mathews, John Mabry, on Fifteenth Amendment, 314–315.
- Means of separation of races under “Jim Crow” laws, 224;
- on street cars, 229–230.
- Metcalf, Secretary, on separation of races in schools of San Francisco, 160.
- Methodist Church, race distinctions in, 141.
- Michigan, repeal of law against intermarriage in, 90;
- Militia and Negroes, 144–145.
- Milton, Senator, and intermarriage in District of Columbia, 95.
- Milwaukee, Wis., race distinctions in restaurants in, 128.
- Minnesota, race distinctions in saloons in, 132;
- Miscegenation, not a bridge from one race to the other, 19;
- and intermarriage, 78–99.
- See Intermarriage, Marriages.
- Mississippi, limitations upon Negroes in respect to occupations in, 43;
- keeping firearms by Negroes without license prohibited in, 44;
- selling liquor to Negroes prohibited
- in, 44;
- contracts for labor by Negroes in, 47;
- apprentice law in, 53–55;
- vagrancy law in, 59–60;
- pauper law in, 61–62;
- effect of intermarriage in, 85;
- effect given to marriage in other States in, 93;
- race distinctions in theatres in, 134;
- in cemeteries in, 137;
- no discrimination against prisoners on account of race in, 146;
- separation of races in public schools of, 173;
- early “Jim Crow” law in, 208;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 243;
- early statute on Negro jury service in, 249;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 259;
- qualifications for voting in, 328–329.
- Missouri, “Black Laws” in, 37;
- Mobile, Ala., curfew law for Negroes in, 276.
- Mongolians, intermarriage between Whites and, 82–83;
- Montana, qualifications for voting in, 330–331.
- Movement of Negroes restricted, 40–41;
- Mulattoes, difficulty in getting census enumeration of, 13;
- N
- Name, proper, for Negro, 20–24.
- Narrow-gauged roads, “Jim Crow” laws do not apply to, 221.
- Nashville, Tenn., separation of races in saloons in, 133.
- Nature of railroad accommodations under “Jim Crow” laws, 223–224.
- See “Jim Crow” laws.
- Naturalization of Africans, 297.
- Nebraska, selling liquor to Indians prohibited in, 45;
- qualifications for voting in, 330–331.
- “Negress,” an offensive term, 22.
- “Negro-Americans” as race name, 22.
- “Negroes” as race name, 20.
- Negroes, legal definition of, 12–20;
- in respect to occupations, 41–43;
- prohibited from having firearms, 43–44;
- in Mississippi, 44;
- in South Carolina, limited, 44;
- selling liquor to, prohibited, 44;
- in Kentucky, 44;
- in Mississippi, 44;
- contracts for labor by, 46–53;
- apprentice laws applying to, 53–58;
- marital relations of, fixed, 67–75;
- remarriages of, after Emancipation, 68–70;
- in Florida, 68;
- in Georgia, 69;
- in Missouri, 69;
- marital relations of, established in South Carolina, 70;
- marriages between other non-Caucasian races and, 90–91;
- civil rights of, 102–149;
- influence of Civil Rights Bill of 1866 upon conduct of, 105;
- in militia, 144–145;
- in court room, 237–277;
- as judges, 238;
- as lawyers, 239–241;
- as witnesses, 246;
- as jurors, 247–272;
- jury service of, and Fourteenth Amendment, 252;
- actual jury service of, in South, 253–271;
- separate courts for, 272–273;
- suffrage for, 281–289;
- and Fifteenth Amendment, 281–282;
- in New York, 283;
- in North Carolina before 1835, 283;
- in Tennessee in 1834, 284;
- before 1865, 282–285;
- between 1865 and 1870, 285–288;
- and Fourteenth Amendment, 287;
- between 1870 and 1890, 288–294.
- Nevada, effect of intermarriage in, 85;
- New Hampshire, qualifications for voting in, 330–331.
- New Jersey, Negroes in militia of, 145;
- New Mexico, selling liquor to Indians prohibited in, 45;
- New York, slave marriages valid in, 74;
- civil rights legislation in, 115;
- race distinctions in restaurants in, 127;
- at bootblack stands in, 130;
- in cemeteries in, 136;
- at skating rinks in, 136;
- in theatres in, 136;
- by insurance companies in, 138–139;
- separation of races in asylums of, 148;
- in public schools of, forbidden, 185;
- Negro suffrage in, 283;
- qualifications for voting in, 330–331.
- News and Courier, Charleston, S. C., sued for calling white man “colored,” 28.
- “Nigger,” a term of contempt, 20.
- Non-Caucasian races, marriage between, and Negroes, 90–91.
- North Carolina, apprentice law of, 55;
- effect of intermarriage in, 85;
- punishment in, for issuing license for intermarriage, 86;
- for performing ceremony, 87;
- civil rights legislation in, 118–120;
- separation of races in, in militia, 145;
- in prisons, 147;
- in insane asylums, 148;
- in public schools, 173–174;
- local taxation for schools of, 198;
- on steamboats, 214;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 265–267;
- Negro suffrage in, before 1835, 283;
- qualifications for voting in, 332–333.
- North Dakota, qualifications for voting in, 332–333.
- Northern States, intermarriage between Whites and Negroes in, 99;
- Nurses, exempt from “Jim Crow” laws, 222, 232.
- O
- Occupations, limitations upon Negroes in respect to, 41–43;
- Officers in charge of prisoners exempt from “Jim Crow” laws, 222.
- Ohio, “Black Laws” in, 37;
- slave marriages legal in, by statute, 74;
- repeal of laws against intermarriage in, 90;
- race distinctions in, in saloons, 133;
- by insurance companies, 138, 139;
- separation of races in public schools of, before 1865, 165–167;
- forbidden at present, 185;
- intimidation of Negroes at polls of, 292;
- qualifications for voting in, 332–333.
- Oklahoma, effect of intermarriage in, 85;
- Oregon, “Black Laws” in, 38;
- Origin of “Jim Crow,” 208.
- Ownership of property as qualification for voting, 300–301.
- See Suffrage.
- %center%P
- Partitioned cars under “Jim Crow” laws, 229.
- Passengers, punishment of, for violating “Jim Crow” laws, 225;
- separated by race on street cars, 227–233.
- See “Jim Crow” laws.
- Paupers, laws concerning, 60–62;
- Payment of taxes as qualification for voting, 299–300.
- See Suffrage.
- Pennsylvania, race distinctions in cemeteries in, 137;
- “Persons of African Descent” as race name, 20.
- “Persons of Color” as race name, 20;
- intermarriage of, with Whites, 81.
- Persons to whom “Jim Crow” laws do not apply, 222–223;
- excluded from suffrage, 310–312.
- Philadelphia, race distinctions in hotels in, 124–125;
- Philippine Islands, qualifications for voting in, 338–339.
- Platform, common, on race problem, 355–356.
- Polls, intimidation of Negroes at, 291–294.
- See Suffrage.
- Porto Rico, qualifications for voting in, 338–339.
- Postal clerks on railroads, not separated by race, 227.
- Presbyterian Church, race distinctions in, 141.
- Prisoners separated by race, 146–147.
- Private schools, separation of races in, 190–192.
- Problem, race, remedies for, 354;
- common platform on, 355–356.
- Proctor, H. H., on proper name for Negro, 23.
- Property, ownership of, as qualification for voting, 300–301.
- See Suffrage.
- Public school fund, division of, between races, 194–199.
- See Schools.
- Punishments, for intermarriage, 84–86;
- for issuing license for, 86–87;
- for performing ceremony of, 87–88;
- for cohabitation without intermarriage, 88–89;
- for violating Civil Rights Bills, 123;
- upon insurance companies for making race distinctions, 139;
- for violating “Jim Crow” laws, 225–226, 231;
- different, for Negroes and Whites, 273–277;
- made equal by statute, 275.
- %center%Q
- Qualifications for voting, in United States, table of, 322–339;
- Quashing indictments because no Negroes on jury, 250–252.
- Quincy, Ill., separation of races in public schools, 179.
- R
- Race elements in United States, 6.
- Railroads, separation of races on cars of, 216–227;
- punishment upon companies for violating “Jim Crow” laws, 225–226.
- See Conveyances, “Jim Crow” laws.
- Raleigh, Sir Walter, and Lost Colony, 90–91.
- Reconstruction, and “Black Laws,” 62–63;
- Reduction of representation of Southern States in Congress, 287.
- Reformatories, separation of races in, 147.
- Relief trains, “Jim Crow” do not apply to, 221.
- Remarriage of Negroes after Emancipation, 68–70;
- Remedies for race problem, 354–355.
- Repeal of laws against intermarriage, 89–90.
- Representation in Congress, reduction of, 287.
- Residence as qualification for voting, 316.
- See Suffrage.
- Restaurants, race distinctions in, 127–129.
- Restrictions upon movements of Negroes, 40–41;
- Rhode Island, repeal of law against intermarriage in, 90;
- qualifications for voting in, 332–333.
- Robeson County, N. C., and Croatan Indians, 91.
- Roosevelt, President, on separation of races in schools of San Francisco, 160.
- S
- Saloons, race distinctions in, 132–133;
- San Francisco, exclusion of Japanese from public schools
- of, 159–163;
- separation of races on street cars of, 212.
- Schools, separation of races in, 154–199;
- Scott, Dred, decision, 8;
- contravened by Civil Rights Bill of 1866, 105.
- Separation of Whites and Negroes, in saloons, in Atlanta, Ga., 133;
- in Nashville, Tenn., 133;
- in Louisiana, 133;
- in churches, 141–144;
- in militia, 144–145;
- State dependents, 146–149;
- blind, 147;
- lunatics, 147;
- mutes, 147;
- paupers, 147;
- persons in reformatories, 147;
- prisoners, 147;
- in schools, 154–199;
- before 1865, 165–170;
- present extent of, 170–190;
- in public schools in South, 170–176;
- during Reconstruction, 175;
- in States outside South, 177–199;
- in private schools, 190–192;
- in public conveyances, 207–233;
- during Reconstruction, 209–210;
- on steamboats, 214;
- in railroad cars, 216–227;
- on sleeping cars, 219–220;
- in waiting rooms, 220–221;
- of postal clerks on mail cars, 227;
- on street cars, 227–233;
- in court rooms, 238.
- Service on juries in South by Negroes, 253–271.
- Sex as qualification for voting, 298.
- See Suffrage.
- Sims, Thetus W., on proper name for Negro, 21.
- Skating rinks, race distinctions at, 136.
- Slander, actionable per se, to call White a Negro, 26–33.
- Slaughter-House Cases interpreting Fourteenth Amendment, 107–108.
- Slave marriages, reconstruction of, 67–75;
- certificates of, 70–73;
- in Kentucky, 70–72;
- in Maryland, 72;
- declared legal by statute, 73–74;
- in Alabama, 73;
- in Arkansas, 73;
- in Texas, 73;
- in Illinois, 74;
- in Ohio, 74;
- in Virginia, 74;
- in West Virginia, 74;
- marriages between slaves and free Negroes, 74;
- in Tennessee, 74;
- and Federal legislation, 75.
- Sleeping cars, separation of races on, 219–220.
- Social status not a subject of legislation in Georgia, 80.
- Soda fountains, race distinctions at, 133–134.
- South Carolina, restrictions on movements of Negroes in, 40–41;
- limitations upon Negroes in respect to occupations in, 42;
- keeping firearms by Negroes limited in, 44;
- contracts for labor by Negroes in, 48–53;
- apprentice laws in, 55–57;
- vagrancy laws in, 58–59;
- pauper laws in, 60–61;
- marital relations of Negroes in, established, 70;
- effect of intermarriage in, 85;
- punishment in, for performing ceremony, 88;
- Negroes in militia of, 145;
- separation of races in public schools of, at present, 175–176;
- on ferries, 215;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 244;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 267–268;
- separate courts for Negroes in, 272–273;
- different punishments for Whites and Negroes in, 274;
- qualifications for voting in, 334–335.
- South Carolina, University of, open to Negroes during Reconstruction, 175.
- South Dakota, qualifications for voting in, 334–335.
- Southern Education Association on race problem, 356.
- Southern States, civil rights legislation in, between 1865 and 1883, 115–120;
- Spectator, Negro in court room as, 237.
- Status, social, not a subject of legislation in Georgia, 80;
- of marriage, 96.
- Steamboats, separation of races on, 214.
- Stevens, Thaddeus, and “Black Laws,” 63;
- opposition of, to President Johnson’s plan of Reconstruction, 104.
- Stimson, Frederick J., on laws of Michigan against intermarriage, 90.
- Street cars, separation of races in, 227–233.
- Suffrage, Negro, 281–339;
- before 1865, 282–285;
- in New York, 283;
- in North Carolina in 1835, 283;
- in Tennessee in 1834, 284;
- between 1865 and 1870, 285–288;
- in District of Columbia, 286;
- and Fourteenth Amendment, 287;
- between 1870 and 1890, 288–294;
- Southern Suffrage Amendments, 294–339;
- in insular possessions of United States, 312–313;
- constitutionality of Suffrage Amendments, 313–317.
- T
- Taft, President, on suffrage in Porto Rico, 313.
- Taverns. See Restaurants.
- Taxation for school purposes, 195–199.
- Taxes, payment of, as qualification for voting, 299–300.
- See Suffrage, Schools.
- Tennessee, limitations upon Negroes in respect to occupations in, 43;
- marriages between slaves and free Negroes in, 74;
- effect given to marriages in other States in, 93;
- civil rights legislation in, 116–118;
- race distinctions in theatres in, 134;
- separation of races in, in asylums for deaf and blind, 148;
- in public schools, 176;
- in private schools, 190;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 244;
- early statute on Negro jury service in, 249;
- Negro suffrage in, in 1834, 284;
- qualifications for voting in, 334–335.
- Texas, slave marriages legal in, by statute, 73;
- effect of intermarriage in, 85;
- separation of races in public schools of, 176;
- division of public school fund in, 199;
- early “Jim Crow” law in, 209;
- separation of races in railroad cars in, 214;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 244;
- actual service by Negroes on juries in, 268–269;
- qualifications for voting in, 334–335.
- Theatres, race distinctions in, 134–136.
- Thirteenth Amendment, 9.
- See Civil Rights.
- Times-Democrat, New Orleans, La., sued for calling white person “colored,” 28.
- Trains to which “Jim Crow” laws do not apply, 221–222.
- Tribune, New York, on proper name for Negro, 22.
- U
- “Understanding Clauses” as qualifications for voting, 308–310.
- See Suffrage.
- Unions, labor, race discriminations by, 140–141.
- Upper Alton, Ill., separation of races in public schools of, 179.
- Utah, selling liquor to Indians prohibited in, 45;
- qualifications for voting in, 334–335.
- V
- Vagrancy laws, 58–60;
- Vardaman, J. K., on division of public school fund between races, 195.
- Vermont, qualifications for voting in, 334–335.
- Virginia, contracts for labor by Negroes in, 47;
- slave marriages legal in, by statute, 74;
- effect of intermarriage in, 86;
- punishment in, for performing ceremony, 88;
- effect given to marriages in other States in, 93;
- separation of races in public schools of, 176;
- on steamboats in, 215;
- Negroes as witnesses in, 245;
- Indians as witnesses in, 245;
- actual jury service by Negroes in, 269–271;
- intimidation of Negroes at polls of, 293;
- qualifications for voting in, 336–337.
- Voice of the Negro, on proper name for Negro, 20.
- Voting, qualifications for, in United States, table of, 322–339.
- See Suffrage.
- W
- Waiting rooms, separation of races in, 220–221.
- Washington, selling liquor to Indians prohibited in, 45;
- Washington, Booker T., on his ancestry, 13;
- Washington, D. C., City of Refuge for miscegenating couples, 94;
- West Virginia, slave marriages legal in, by statute, 74;
- “White,” omitted from statutes of Florida, 116;
- White, John, and Lost Colony, 90–91.
- White persons, defamation to call, Negroes, 26–33;
- Wisconsin, qualifications for voting in, 336–337.
- Witnesses, Negroes as, 241–247.
- Wyoming, separation of races in public schools of, 186;
- qualifications for voting in, 338–339.
- X
- Xenia, Ohio, intermarriage at, 99.
- Y
- Y. M. C. A., separation of races in, 144.