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Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains

Chapter 42: INDEX.
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About This Book

A systematic geological survey of a compact mountain range on the Colorado Plateaus that combines field descriptions of individual peaks and formations with structural interpretation. The text analyzes laccolite intrusions and includes a detailed study of their rocks and origin, traces uplift and erosional history, and develops mechanical explanations for folding and flexure. It also treats processes of weathering, transport, and corrasion, formulates principles of land sculpture, examines drainage system development and stability, and closes with practical observations on mineral and land-use implications.

INDEX.

  • Abajo Mountains, 67, 69, 152
  • Agricultural lands, 152
  • Alluvial cones and alluviation, 133, 139
  • Alpine sculpture, 36, 38
  • Altitudes of peaks and passes, 3, 117
  • Analogues of the laccolite, 98
  • Ancient rivers no larger than modern, 133
  • Antecedent drainage, 143
  • Arch, Bowl Creek, 45
  • Arches, Forces which produced laccolitic, 87
  • Aridity favorable to geological examination, 2, 98
    • of the Colorado Basin in former times, 120
  • Aubrey Sandstone, 8
  • Bad-lands, Sculpture of, 120, 140
  • Bischof, on contraction of igneous rocks in cooling, 76
  • Blue Gate flexure, 13
    • Sandstone, 4
    • Shale, 4
  • Bonneville, Outlet of Lake, 134
  • Bowl Creek arch, 45
  • Cañons of the Colorado as obstructions to travel, 1, 151
    • as evidence of arid climate, 120
  • Carboniferous strata, 8
  • Carriso Mountains, 69, 152
  • Circle Cliffs, 14
  • Cleavage, Slaty, not found, 66
    • , Vertical, produced by sapping, 55
  • Cliffs, Circle, 14
  • Climate, Arid, favorable to geological examination, 2, 98
    • , General influence of, on erosion, 103
    • , Influence of, on sculpture, 117
  • Coal, 5, 151
  • Colorado Basin, History of the, 84
    • Desert, 134
    • River, Origin of the, 85
  • Colors of sandstones, Local variation of, 7
  • Comminution of detritus aids transportation, 106
  • Competence, 110
  • Conditions of rock flexure, 83
  • Cones, Alluvial, 133
  • Consequent drainage, 143
  • Contact phenomena, 65
  • Contraction of igneous rocks by cooling, 75, 80
  • Corrasion, 100, 101
    • , Relation of, to declivity, 112
      • , to friction of flow, 109
      • , to transportation, 111
  • Cover of the laccolites, Depth of the, 86, 94
  • Crescent arch, 44
  • Cotta, Prof. Bernhard von, cited, 75
  • Cretaceous period, Disturbance at the close of the, 10, 85
    • rock series, 4
  • Cross-lamination, Inclination of, 7
  • Dana arch, 43
  • Declivity, General influence of, upon erosion, 102
    • of stream beds, relation to corrasion, 112
      • , relation to transportation, 108
    • , Relation of, to quantity of water, 113
  • Declivities, Influence of unequal, on divides, 140
  • Degradation (see Erosion), 99, 115
  • Delesse on contraction of igneous rocks in cooling, 76
  • Densities of igneous rocks, 75
    • of sedimentary rocks, 77
  • Density a condition of laccolitic intrusion, 73, 74
    • of porphyritic trachyte, 77
  • Denudation (see Erosion), 99, 115
    • of laccolites, 21
  • Deposition by running water, 111
  • Diameters of laccolites, 92
  • Dike near Mount Ellsworth, 59
  • Dikes and sheets defined, 20
    • , Flat-topped, 28
    • of Mount Ellsworth, 23
    • of Mount Holmes, 28
    • , Relation of, to strains, 96
  • Dinah Creek Pass, 3
  • Dirty Devil River, Flood-plains of, 131
  • Distances, Table of, 17
  • Distribution of laccolites, Horizontal, 20, 30
    • , Vertical, 21, 56
  • Divides in bad-lands, Rounding of, 122
    • , Instability of, 139
    • , Law of, 116
    • , Stability of, 138
  • Drainage lines, Instability of, 125
  • Dutton, Capt. C. E., on the intrusive rocks, 61
  • Economic geology, 151
  • Elk Mountains, 69
  • Ellen Mount (see Mount Ellen).
  • Ellsworth Mount (see Mount Ellsworth).
  • Energy of muddy streams, 108
    • streams, how measured, 106
  • Equal action, Principle of, 123
  • Erosion, Conditions which control, 102
    • , Influence of climate upon, 103
    • , Influence of declivity upon, 102
  • Erosion, Influence of rock texture upon, 103
    • , Influence of vegetation upon, 104
    • of Mount Ellsworth, 25
    • , Principles of, 99
    • , Processes of, 99
  • Farming lands, 152
  • Faults on Mount Ellsworth, 23
      • Mount Holmes, 28
    • , Region of, 12, 15
  • Fish Lake Valley, Structure of, 14
  • Fissure veins limited in depth, 82
    • not found in the Henry Mountains, 83, 151
  • Flaming Gorge Group, 6
  • Flat-topped dikes, 28
  • Flexure of rocks, Conditions of, 83
  • Flood-plain defined, 127
  • Flow of streams, Friction of, 107, 109
  • Folds, The Great, 10, 11, 85
  • Forces which produce laccolitic arches, 87
  • Form of laccolites, 55
  • Frost, 104
  • Friction of flow of streams, 107, 109
  • Geikie laccolite, 41
  • Gold and silver, 151
  • Granite, Eruptive, 70
  • Graves, Mr. Walter H., 1
  • Gray Cliff Group, 6
  • Grazing lands, 152
  • Heights, 3, 117
  • Henry, Prof. Joseph, 1
  • Henry Mountains, Altitudes of the, 2, 117
    • caused by resistance of trachyte to erosion, 25, 35
    • , Contributions of the, to the principles of erosion, 99
    • , Detailed description of the, 22
    • , Drainage of the, 144
    • , Economic value of the, 152
    • , Planation in the, 127, 149
    • , Relation of vegetation to type of sculpture in the, 118
    • , Route of travel to the, 14;
      • their structure laccolitic, 19, 53
  • Henry’s Fork Group, 4
  • Hillers, Mount (see Mount Hillers).
  • Hills of planation, 130
  • Historical note, 66
  • History of the Colorado Basin, 84
  • Holmes, Mount (see Mount Holmes).
  • Holmes, Mr. W. H., on the Elk Mountains, 70
    • La Lata and Carriso Mountains, 69
  • Hopkins on the power of currents, 106
  • Howell laccolite, 34
    • , Mr. Edwin E., Fossils discovered by, 5;
      • observation of the Henry Mountains, 66;
      • observation of the Navajo Mountain, 69
  • Hydrostatic equilibrium, Law of, 72
  • Igneous mountains of the Plateau Province, 67
  • Igneous rocks, Contraction of, by cooling, 75, 80
  • Inconsequent drainage, 143
  • Instability of divides, 139
    • drainage lines, 125
  • Interdependence of drainage slopes, 123, 141
  • Internal structure of laccolites, 55
  • Intrusive rocks of the Henry Mountains, 59, 61
  • Isolation of the Henry Mountains, 2, 18
  • Jerry Butte, 34
  • Jukes Butte, 46
  • Jukes, Prof. J. Beete, on prismatic structure, 76
  • Jura-Trias rock series, 5
  • Kaibab structure, 11
  • Laccolite A, 32
    • B, 32
    • C, 32
    • D, 35
    • E, 41
    • F, 42
    • , Geikie, 41
    • H, 46
    • , Hillers, 30
    • , History of the, 95
    • , Howell, 34
    • , Jukes, 46
    • , Marvine, 42
    • , Newberry, 41
    • of Mount Ellsworth, 27
    • of Mount Pennell, 36
    • of the western base of Mount Ellen, 40
    • , Peale, 47
    • , Possible analogues of the, 98
    • , Scrope, 47
    • , Sentinel, 38
    • , Shoulder, 42
    • , Steward, 32
    • , The, defined, 19
  • Laccolites, Age of the, discussed, 84
    • , Composite, 55
    • , Denudation of, 21
    • , Depth of cover of, 86, 94
    • , Detailed description of, 22
    • , Diameters of, 92
    • , Form of, 55, 91
    • , Holmes, 27
    • , Horizontal, distribution of, 20
    • intruded in soft beds, 58
    • , Limital area of, 90, 97
      • thickness of, 91
    • , Material of, 59
    • not prismatic, 55
    • of the Elk Mountains, 70
    • of other regions, 97;
      • size limited, 86
    • subsequent to the strata which inclose them, 51
    • , Vertical distribution of, 21, 56, 65
  • Laccolitic mountains of the Plateau Province, 67, 69
    • structure characteristic of the Henry Mountains, 19, 53
        • Sierra La Sal, etc., 69
      • conditioned by densities, 74
      • correlated with acidic lavas, 71
      • , Discussion of the origin of, 72
  • Lake Bonneville, Outlet of, 134
    • , Great Salt, Outlet of, 134
    • Winipeg, Origin of, 126
  • Land, Agricultural, 152
    • , Grazing, 152
    • sculpture, Principles of, 99, 115
    • , Timber, 152
  • La Lata Mountains, 68, 69, 152
  • La Sal Mountains, 68, 69, 152
  • Law of divides, 116
    • , Exception to the, 122
  • Lewis Creek plain, 128
  • Limital area of laccolites, 90, 97
    • thickness of laccolites, 91
  • Load, Relation of, to comminution, 107
  • Mallet, Robert, C. E., on contraction of igneous rocks in cooling, 76
  • Marvine laccolite, 42
  • Ma-suk’ Plateau, 13
    • Sandstone, 4
    • Shale, 4
  • Maze arch, 44
  • Metamorphism in the Henry Mountains, 65
    • on Mount Ellen, 38
      • Ellsworth, 24
      • Hillers, 31
      • Holmes, 28
  • Minerals of the Henry Mountains, 61, 64
  • Monoclinal shifting, 135, 140
  • Mount Ellen, Character of sculpture of, 118
      • , Drainage of, 148
      • , Structure of, 38
      • , Topography of, 3
      • , Vegetation of, 118
    • Ellsworth, Character of sculpture of, 25, 118
      • , Drainage of, 145
      • , Stereogram of, 23, 95
      • , Structure of, 22
      • , Topography of, 3
      • , Vegetation of, 118
    • Hillers, Character of sculpture of, 119
      • , Drainage of, 147
      • , Structure of, 30
      • , Topography of, 3
      • , Vegetation of, 118
    • Holmes, Character of sculpture of, 118
      • , Drainage of, 146
      • , Structure of, 27
      • , Topography of, 3
  • Mount Holmes, Vegetation of, 118
    • Pennell, Character of sculpture of, 119
      • , Drainage of, 148
      • , Structure of, 35
      • , Topography of, 3
      • , Vegetation of, 118
  • Mount Taylor, 71
  • Mud-cracks, Fossil, 9
  • Navajo Mountain, 69, 152
  • Newberry, Dr. J. S., on the Sierra Abajo, 67
      • La Sal, 68
    • laccolite, 41
  • Oblique lamination, Inclination of, 7
  • Peale, Dr. A. C., on igneous mountains of Colorado, 69
    • on the Elk Mountains, 70
  • Peale laccolite, 47
  • Pennell, Mount (see Mount Pennell).
  • Pennellen Pass, 3
  • Pine Alcove Creek, Former course of, 130
  • Planation, 126, 139
    • , Hills of, 130
  • Plasticity of solids, 82, 83, 97
  • Plateaus enumerated, 13
  • Precipitation from running water, 111
  • Pressure a condition for rock flexure, 81, 83, 96
  • Prismatic structure, Absence of, 55, 76
    • defined, 55
  • Ponding, 125, 139
  • Porphyritic trachyte, 60, 64
  • Porphyry; use of term discussed, 63
  • Powell, Prof. J. W., on the climate of the Colorado Basin, 120
  • Pulpit arch, 33, 147
  • Rankine on flexure of beams, 90
  • Red Gate flexure, 13
    • , Flood-plains of, 131
    • , The, 16
  • Revet-crags defined, 25
    • of Mount Hillers, 31
    • of Mount Holmes, 29
    • of Mount Pennell, 37
  • Ripple-marks, Fossil, 16
  • River terraces produced by planation, 132
  • Rivers, Ancient, no greater than modern, 133
  • Rock texture, Influence of, on sculpture, 115, 135, 140
    • , General influence of, on erosion, 103
  • Rocks of the Henry Mountains, Intrusive, 59, 61
    • , Sedimentary, 3
  • Rotation of the earth, 142
  • Route to the Henry Mountains, 14
  • San Rafael fold, 16, 18
  • Scrope laccolite, 47
  • Sculpture, Alpine, 36, 38
    • influenced by climate, 117
      • distribution of divides, 116
      • rock structure, 115, 135, 140
  • Sculpture of bad-lands, 120
    • of Mount Ellsworth, 25
    • , Principles of, 99, 115
  • Sentinel Butte, 38
  • Sheets and dikes defined, 20
    • of Mount Ellsworth, 24
    • of Mount Holmes, 28
    • , Relation of, to strains, 96
  • Shin-ar’-ump Group, 6
  • Shoulder laccolite, 42
  • Sierra Abajo, 67, 69, 152
  • Solidity of rocks not absolute, 82, 83, 97
  • Specific gravities (see Densities).
  • Specimens of Henry Mountain trachyte, 60
  • Springs; relation to soft strata explained, 82
  • Stability of divides, 138
    • of drainage lines, 124
  • Stereogram, how made, 11, 49
    • of Mount Ellsworth, 23, 95
    • of the Henry Mountains, 49
      • and Waterpocket flexure, 11
  • Steward laccolite, 32
    • , Mr. John F., cited, 66
  • Strains shown by dikes and sheets, 96
  • Stretching of strata, 80
  • Structure, Law of, 115
  • Suncracks, Fossil, 9
  • Superimposed drainage, 144
  • Systems of drainage, 124, 143
  • Table of altitudes, 117
    • densities of sedimentary rocks, 78
        • in order of superposition, 79
      • trachytes, 77
    • diameters of laccolites, 92
    • distances, 17
    • mean densities of certain rock series, 80
  • Tantalus Creek, 17
    • , Flood-plains of, 131
  • Taylor, Mount, 71
  • Temple Creek, 16
    • , Flood-plains of, 131
  • Terraces, River, produced by planation, 132
  • Tertiary strata protected by lava, 12
  • Thicknesses of individual strata, 7
  • Thompson, Prof. A. H., 1, 66
  • Thousand Lake Mountain, View from, 15
  • Timber land, 152
  • Trachyte, Porphyritic, 60, 64
  • Trachytes of the Henry Mountains not vesicular, 51, 64
  • Transportation, 100, 101
    • by streams, analyzed, 106
    • Conditions which determine rate of, 110
    • favored by comminution of material, 106
      • declivity, 108
      • quantity of water, 109
    • , Relation of, to corrasion, 111
  • Trend, Absence of, 2, 30, 98
  • Tu-nunk’ Sandstone, 4
    • Shale, 4
  • Unconformities, 8, 85
  • Unconformity at Salina, 14
  • Vegetation, General influence of, on erosion, 104
  • Veins, Absence of fissure, 83, 151
    • , Fissure, limited in depth, 82
  • Vermilion Cliff Group, 6
  • Vertical cleavage by sapping, 55
  • Volcanoes of the Plateau Province, Extinct, 67, 70
  • Volume of streams, Influence of, on erosion, 104
      • transportation, 109
    • , Relation of, to declivity, 113
  • Warren, General G. K., on the valley of the Minnesota River, 126
  • Waterpocket Cañon, 137
    • flexure, described, 12
      • , Passes across the, 16
  • Watersheds (see Divides).
  • Weathering, 100
  • White, Dr. C. A.; identification of Henry’s Fork Group, 4
  • Whitney, Prof J. D., on inclination of bedding, 52
  • Winipeg, Origin of Lake, 126
  • Zones of laccolites, 57, 58, 74