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Reports Relating to the Sanitary Condition of the City of London

Chapter 37: No. XII.—Comparative Mortality in Different Seasons of the Year.
By John Simon
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About This Book

A series of official annual reports by a municipal health officer surveys the city's sanitation, examining water supply, sewerage, burial practices, overcrowded housing, and mortality patterns. Combining inspections, statistical tables, and descriptive accounts of nuisances and crowding, the reports assess public-health hazards and propose practical measures for preventive medicine, municipal regulation, and extramural interment. They urge legal and administrative reforms, expanded sanitation infrastructure, and attention to poverty-related risks, arguing that systematic preventive policies and enforcement are essential to reduce infectious disease and improve urban living conditions.

No. VII.—Fifth Annual Enumeration of Deaths, relating to the Fifty-two Weeks dating from September 26th, 1852, to September 24th, 1853.

Deaths in the four quarterly periods, terminating as follows:— East London Union. West London Union. City of London Union.
Saint
Botolph.		 Cripple-
gate.		 Work-
houses.		 North. South. Work-
house.		 S. W. N. W. South. S. E. N. E. Work-
house.
M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F.
I. In the quarter ending Dec. 25th   - 675 -     72 58 46 60 10 20 35 33 35 32 14 19 23 14 21 22 31 26 18 15 25 29 10 7
130 106 30 68 67 33 37 43 57 33 54 17
                                                 
                                                 
II. In the quarter ending March 26th   - 878 -     67 64 80 66 32 22 35 31 45 55 34 20 19 30 38 19 32 33 29 20 40 35 15 17
131 146 54 66 100 54 49 57 65 49 75 32
                                                 
                                                 
III. In the quarter ending June 25th   - 817 -     69 60 69 62 24 27 53 36 46 44 25 21 20 25 27 20 30 29 24 26 27 20 19 14
129 131 51 89 90 46 45 47 59 50 47 33
                                                 
                                                 
IV. In the quarter ending Sept. 24th   - 670 -     70 56 84 67 8 12 32 34 25 27 18 13 16 23 18 23 25 17 18 14 28 20 10 12
126 151 20 66 52 31 39 41 42 32 48 22
                                                 
                                                 
Sum of the four quarters 3040 -     278 238 279 255 74 81 155 134 151 158 91 73 78 92 104 84 118 105 89 75 120 104 54 50
516 534 155 289 309 164 170 188 223 164 224 104
  1205 762 1073
Total for the Year 3040

No. VIII.—Quinquennial Mortality, classified by Age, first for the entire City, next for the three Unions severally.

Deaths in the Population of
the City of London.		 Under
5
Years
of
Age.		 From
5
to
10.		 From
10
to
15.		 From
15
to
20.		 From
20
to
30.		 From
30
to
40.		 From
40
to
50.		 From
50
to
60.		 From
60
to
70.		 From
70
up-
wards.		 Age
not
re-
ported.		 Total.
                         
Year
by
year
dating
from
Michael-
mas to
Michael-
mas.		 -   1848-49 1243 202 92 90 292 345 396 355 366 367 15 3763
1849-50 1032 83 44 70 166 200 251 254 318 334 0 2752
1850-51 1194 124 48 60 169 227 248 261 303 342 2 2978
1851-52 1197 113 57 84 196 253 267 260 287 350 0 3064
1852-53 1135 94 37 59 179 258 268 297 320 393 0 3040
                         
Sum of five year’s deaths 5801 616 278 363 1002 1283 1430 1427 1594 1786 17 15597
                         
Deaths
of
five
years
in
their
Local
Distri-
bution.		 -   East London Union 2471 215 80 105 338 432 488 444 551 619 0 5743
West London Union 1416 141 75 122 305 376 405 393 420 398 1 4052
City of London Union 1914 260 123 136 359 475 537 590 623 769 1 5787
Uncertain Address * * * * * * * * * * 15 15
                         

No. IX.—Number of Deaths occasioned, during the last Five Years, by certain Acute Diseases, chiefly Epidemic, Infectious, and Endemic.

In the successive years terminating severally as follows:— Fever. Acute
Diarrhœa
(not of
infants),
Dysentery,
and
Cholera.		 Scarlet-
Fever
and
Cynanche
maligna.		 Small-Pox. Erysipelas,
Pyæmia,
and
Puerperal
Fever.		 Diarrhœa,
Bronchitis
and
Pneumonia
of
Infants
under
3 years
of age.		 Measles,
Hooping-
cough
and
Croup.		 Hydro-
cephalus
and
Convul-
sions of
Infancy.		 Total
of
pre-
ceding
columns.
At Michaelmas, 1849 166 825 135 17 44 285 196 264 1932
„ „ 1850 118 54 32 33 40 243 124 219 863
„ „ 1851 107 23 46 41 17 340 272 282 1128
„ „ 1852 165 37 86 96 24 330 132 308 1178
„ „ 1853 145 43 85 15 26 304 190 289 1097
Total number of such Deaths in the Five Years 1848-53. 701 982 384 202 151 1502 914 1362 6198

No. X.—Comparative Mortality in different seasons of the Year; namely, in the Autumn Quarters (Oct., Nov., Dec.) in the Winter Quarters (Jan., Feb., March,) in the Spring Quarters (April, May, June) and in the Summer Quarters (July, Aug., Sept.) of the Five Years from Michaelmas, 1848, to Michaelmas, 1853.

SYNOPSIS.

Deaths in the different
seasons of five years,
as follows:—		 East London Union. West London Union. City of London Union. Total
for
entire
City.
Saint
Botolph.		 Cripple-
gate.		 Work-
houses.		 North. South. Work-
house.		 S. W. N. W. South. S. E. N. E. Work-
house.
In five Autumn Quarters 616 613 201 357 392 129 245 236 272 227 271 119 3678
1430 878 1370
In five Winter Quarters 641 623 223 371 464 183 248 274 347 265 360 153 4152
1487 1018 1647
In five Spring Quarters 519 583 195 402 471 159 226 230 273 255 262 137 3712
1297 1032 1383
In five Summer Quarters 682 664 183 438 562 124 307 228 273 202 260 117 4040
1529 1124 1387

No. XI.—Comparative Mortality in Different Seasons of the Year.

AUTUMN QUARTERS.

Deaths in five Autumn Quarters as follows:— East London Union. West London Union. City of London Union. Totals
for
entire
City.
Saint
Botolph.		 Cripple-
gate.		 Work-
houses.		 North. South. Work-
house.		 S.W. N.W. South. S.E. N.E. Work-
house.
Oct., Nov., Dec., 1848 127 128 31 74 103 29 40 50 59 40 62 23 766
„„„ 1849 118 137 44 85 70 23 57 45 55 51 52 28 765
„„„ 1850 101 125 32 62 72 14 48 44 49 55 48 22 672
„„„ 1851 140 117 64 68 80 30 63 54 52 48 55 29 800
„„„ 1852 130 106 30 68 67 33 37 43 57 33 54 17 675
Total of five Seasons 616 613 201 357 392 129 245 236 272 227 271 119 3678

No. XII.—Comparative Mortality in Different Seasons of the Year.

WINTER QUARTERS.

Deaths in five Winter Quarters as follows:— East London Union. West London Union. City of London Union. Totals
for
entire
City.
Saint
Botolph.		 Cripple-
gate.		 Work-
houses.		 North. South. Work-
house.		 S.W. N.W. South. S.E. N.E. Work-
house.
Jan., Feb., Mar., 1849 136 117 36 73 90 30 52 63 60 52 77 36 822
„„„ 1850 96 124 36 91 84 40 46 45 80 58 74 29 803
„„„ 1851 154 140 49 87 89 22 59 48 81 56 67 24 876
„„„ 1852 124 96 48 54 101 37 42 61 61 50 67 32 773
„„„ 1853 131 146 54 66 100 54 49 57 65 49 75 32 878
Total of five Seasons 641 623 223 371 464 183 248 274 347 265 360 153 4152

No. XIII.—Comparative Mortality in Different Seasons of the Year.

SPRING QUARTERS.

Deaths in five Spring Quarters as follows:— East London Union. West London Union. City of London Union. Totals
for
entire
City.
Saint
Botolph.		 Cripple-
gate.		 Work-
houses.		 North. South. Work-
house.		 S.W. N.W. South. S.E. N.E. Work-
house.
April, May, June, 1849 85 130 39 77 110 34 56 55 58 45 50 26 765
„„„ 1850 80 90 19 74 71 27 34 39 40 43 50 22 589
„„„ 1851 115 101 48 92 79 21 44 38 75 70 56 28 767
„„„ 1852 110 131 38 70 121 31 47 51 41 47 59 28 774
„„„ 1853 129 131 51 89 90 46 45 47 59 50 47 33 817
Total of five Seasons 519 583 195 402 471 159 226 230 273 255 262 137 3712

No. XIV.—Comparative Mortality in Different Seasons of the Year.

SUMMER QUARTERS.

Deaths in five Summer Quarters as follows:— East London Union. West London Union. City of London Union. Totals
for
entire
City.
Saint
Botolph.		 Cripple-
gate.		 Work-
houses.		 North. South. Work-
house.		 S.W. N.W. South. S.E. N.E. Work-
house.
July, Aug., Sep., 1849 171 199 73 148 295 33 145 77 86 77 73 18 1395
„„„ 1850 102 93 26 74 65 18 39 39 43 31 43 22 595
„„„ 1851 123 105 38 76 73 11 40 39 53 36 42 27 663
„„„ 1852 160 116 26 74 77 31 44 32 49 26 54 28 717
„„„ 1853 126 151 20 66 52 31 39 41 42 32 48 22 670
Total of five Seasons 682 664 183 438 562 124 307 228 273 202 260 117 4040