FOOTNOTES:
[1] Grandchild.
[2] Great grandchild.
[3] Signet of the author, reading George F. Kunz, New York. Engraved upon a dark red sard, in Teheran, Persia, in 1895.
[4] Fossey, “La magie assyrienne,” Paris, 1902, p. 83.
[5] Délégation en Perse, Mémoires publiés sous la direction de M. J. de Morgan, vol. viii, “Recherches archéologiques,” 3d ser., Paris, 1905, pp. 321, 322; figured on p. 320.
[6] Communicated by the late Dr. William Hayes Ward.
[7] Communicated by the late Dr. William Hayes Ward.
[8] Hilprecht and Clay, “Business Documents of Murashû Sons of Nippur”: The Babylonian expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series A: Cuneiform texts, vol. ix, Philadelphia, 1898, p. 30.
[9] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the ... British Museum,” London, 1907, pp. 1, 2, 997 (see pl. xx); also the same author’s Catalogue of the Jewellery Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the ... British Museum, London, 1911, p. xvii.
[10] Max Ohnefalsch-Richter, “Kypros, the Bible, and Homer,” London, 1893, vol. i, p. 367, and vol. ii, plate xxxii, fig. 32.
[11] Strena Helbigena, 73; Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. xxi, p. 155, fig. 33; p. 159, fig. 39; Schliemann Mycenæ and Tiryns, pp. 354, 360.
[12] See F. H. Marshall, op. cit., p. 3; rings from Enkomi, Cyprus.
[13] Pauly’s Real Encyclopädie der Altertumswissenschaft, vol. ix, pt. i, col: 827; Stuttgart, 1914; Marshall, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the British Museum, London, 1907, No. 574.
[14] Corpus inscriptionum Græcarum, 3137, i, 87 sq.
[15] Le Brun-Dalbanne, “Les Pierres gravées du trésor de la cathédrale de Troyes,” Paris, 1880, p. 32.
[16] Aristophanes, “Knights,” Act II, sc. 4.
[17] Æliani, “Varia historia,” Lib. I, cap. xxi.
[18] Lib. xxxiii, cap. iv.
[19] Ibid., loc. cit.
[20] M. Deloche, “Le port des anneaux dans l’antiquité romaine, et dans les premiers siècles du moyen âge”; extrait des Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, vol. xxxv, Paris, 1896, pp. 4, 5.
[21] Titi Livii, “Ab urbe condita,” lib. xxiii, cap. xii.
[22] Sat. iii, lines 153–156.
[23] Titi Livii, “Ab urbe condita,” lib. xlii, cap. xvi.
[24] Valerii Maximi, “Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX,” lib. viii, cap. i.
[25] See Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxiii, cap. xxiii.
[26] “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxiii, cap. xi.
[27] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman,” in the ... British Museum, London, 1907, p. xix, citing Macrobius, Saturnalia III, 14, 13, and Cicero, Ad. Fam. X, 32, 2.
[28] Clementis Alexandrini, “Pædagogus,” lib. iii, cap. ii.
[29] Beck, “Corpus juris civilis,” vol. ii, pp. 406, 407.
[30] “Cimeliotheca Musei Nationalis Hungarici, sive catalogus historico-criticus antiquitatum, raritatum, et pretiosorum—eius instituti,” Budæ, 1825, p. 136.
[31] Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, vol. i, No. 1107.
[32] Ibid., vol. xi, No. 1235.
[33] Suetonii: “Vita Augusti,” 72.
[34] Cicero, “In Verrem,” iv, 25, 26.
[35] Deloche, “Le port des anneaux dans l’antiquité romaine, et dans les premiers siècles du moyen âge,” Paris, 1896, pp. 46, 47; extrait des Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, vol. xxxv, part ii.
[36] Jesse Walter Fewkes, “Two Summers’ Work in Pueblo Ruins,” Bureau of American Ethnology, vol. xxii, pt. i, p. 91. Also the same writer’s “Casa Grande, Arizona,” Bureau of American Ethnology, vol. xxviii, pp. 143, 144; rings figured on pl. lxxv, fig. A, and in text cut, fig. 49.
[37] Communications from Prof. George Grant McCurdy, Curator, Anthropological Section of Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and from Dr. Frank S. Daggett, Director, Museum of History, Science and Art, Los Angeles, Cal.
[38] Communicated by Dr. William C. Mills, Curator and Librarian of the Museum.
[39] W. W. Blake, “The Antiquities of Mexico,” New York, 1891, p. 74, figure.
[40] Ibid., p. 73, figures.
[41] Warren K. Moorehead, “Primitive Men in Ohio,” New York, 1892, p. 148; see plate xxvi, p. 152.
[42] Warren K. Moorehead, “Stone Age in North America,” Boston and New York, 1910, vol. i, p. 440, fig. 385, ring in Collection of B. H. Young, Louisville, Kentucky.
[43] See the writer’s “Magic of Jewels and Charms,” Philadelphia and London, 1915, pp. 352, 353; colored plate opp. p. 352.
[44] Warren K. Moorehead, “A Narration of Exploration in New Mexico, Arizona, Indiana, etc.,” Andover, Mass., 1906, p. 89, fig. 45.
[45] Not named after Charles L. Tiffany.
[46] Communicated by Walter Hough, Acting Head Curator, Dept. of Anthropology, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.
[47] Communicated by Joseph K. Dixon, Secretary of the National American Indian Memorial Association.
[48] The details in this and the following paragraphs are taken from Washington Matthews, “Navajo Silversmiths,” in the Second Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1880–1881, Washington, 1881, pp. 171–178.
[49] Op. cit., between pp. 174 and 175, plate showing silversmith’s shop set up near Fort Wingate.
[50] “An Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navaho Language,” published by the Franciscan Fathers, Saint Michaels, Arizona, 1910, p. 271.
[51] This is a well-printed octavo of 536 pages, with a most comprehensive index.
[52] Op. cit., pp. 283, 284.
[53] Communicated by Admiral Peary in a letter to the author, February 13, 1916.
[54] C. W. King, “Antique Gems,” London, 1860, p. 281; citing Ælian, iii, 19.
[55] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Archæologist,” London, 1871, p. 86, with figure of ring.
[56] J. P. Mariette, “Traité des pierres gravées,” Paris, 1750, vol. i, p. 18.
[57] See Marshall, “Catalogue of the finger rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the departments of antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, p. xxvi, note.
[58] Archæological Journal, London, 1863, vol. xx, p. 75.
[59] London, 1853, p. 6.
[60] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later” (British Museum), London, 1912, p. 122, No. 792, pl. xi.
[61] X. Barbier de Montault, “Le costume et les usages ecclésiastiques selon la tradition romaine,” Paris, 1897, vol. i, pp. 176, 177.
[62] Historical Manuscripts Commission, Report of MSS. in various collections, vol. iv, Dublin, 1907, p. 59.
[63] Plinii, Hist. Nat., lib. xxxiii, cap. xxv.
[64] “Neuhebräisches und Chaldäisches Wörterbuch,” by Jacob Levy, Leipzig, 1879, vol. ii, p. 139, s. v. tabba’ath.
[65] Artemidorus, “Oneirocritica,” ii, 5.
[66] Davenport, “Jewelry,” Chicago, 1908, pp. 127, 128.
[67] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Artist,” London, n. d. (1865?), p. 144, fig. 177.
[68] John Lathrop Motley, “The Rise of the Dutch Republic,” New York, 1856, Vol. iii, pp. 558, 559, citing a curious Dutch pamphlet published at Leyden in 1582 and consisting of two letters, one from Bruges, dated July 25, 1582, the other written two days later from Antwerp.
[69] C. J. S. Thompson, “Poison Romance and Poison Mysteries,” London, n.d., 2d. ed., p. 123.
[70] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger-rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. lv.
[71] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Mediæval and Later,” bequeathed by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks (British Museum), London, 1912, p. 243, No. 1698, pl. xxiii.
[72] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later” (British Museum), London, 1912, p. 245, No. 1708, pl. xxiii.
[73] “Memorial Rings, Charles the Second to William the Fourth, in the Possession of Frederick Arthur Crisp,” privately printed (London). The data in this and succeeding paragraphs treating of memorial rings, are (unless otherwise noted) derived from this valuable and interesting work.
[74] Crisp Collection, No. 334, p. 115.
[75] No. 632, p. 197.
[76] Crisp Collection, No. 981, p. 317.
[77] No. 165, p. 69.
[78] Notes and Queries, 11th ser., No. 311, December 11, 1915, p. 469.
[79] A. E. Cropper, “Some Notes On Three Classes or Types of Rings,” in The Connoisseur, London, vol. xix, p. 184, September to December, 1907.
[80] Communicated by L. Weininger, of Vienna.
[81] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later,” bequeathed by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks, K.C.B. (British Museum, London, 1912, p. xxxiii, footnote.)
[82] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 204, No. 1417.
[83] Communicated by Waldo Lincoln, the owner of the ring.
[84] O. M. Dalton: “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 232, No. 1628.
[85] Szendrei, “Catalogue de la collection de bagues de Mme. de Tarnóczy,” Paris, 1889, pp. 142, 143.
[86] Charles Edwards, “The History and Poetry of Finger-Rings,” New York, 1855, pp. 86–90.
[87] Hon. R. C. Neville (4th baron Braybrooke), “The Romance of the Ring, or the History and Antiquity of Finger Rings,” Saffron Walden, 1856, pp. 25, 26.
[88] Londesborough Collection: Catalogue of a collection of ancient and mediæval rings and personal ornaments, London, 1853, p. 7. Privately printed.
[89] Compte rendu de la Commission Arch. de St. Pétersbourg, 1864, p. 182.
[90] Macrobii, “Saturnalia,” Lipsiæ, 1868, p. 446, lib. vii, cap. 13.
[91] “Historia Naturalis,” liber xxxiii, 24.
[92] Sancti Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi, “Opera Omnis,” vol. iv, col. 702, Etymologiæ, lib. xix, cap. 33, vol. lxxxii of Migne’s Patrologia Latina, Paris, 1850.
[93] “Historia Naturalis,” lib. xxxiii, cap. 6.
[94] Duffield Osborne, “Engraved Gems,” New York, 1912, p. 107.
[95] Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 11.
[96] Martialis, “Epigrammata,” xi, 59.
[97] Martial, Bk. XIV, No. cxxiii; from “Martial translated into English prose,” London, George Bell & Sons, 1897.
[98] Hardy, “Rotuli litterarum patentium in tursi Londinensi asseverati,” London, 1835, vol. i, pt. i, p. 55.
[99] Rymer, “Fœdera,” London, 1727, vol. i, pp. 878, 879.
[100] Op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 249, 250, No. 760, illustration.
[101] Schaumi, “De annulis,” Francofurti, 1620, cap. ix.
[102] Col. T. C. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 79. Journal of Indian Art and Industry.
[103] Luciani, “Opera Omnia,” Paris, 1615, p. 712.
[104] Juvenal Sat. I, ll, 26–30.
[105] Schaumi, “De annulis,” Francofurti, 1620, cap. iv.
[106] Tristia, Lib. i, el. vii.
[107] Julii Capitolini, “Maximini duo,” cap. vi; Scriptores hist. August., vol. ii, p. 7.
[108] Deloche, “Le port des anneaux dans l’antiquité et dans les premiers siècles du moyen âge,” pp. 61–63.
[109] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later, bequeathed by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks, K.C.B. (British Museum),” London, 1912, pp. xxv, xxvii, 1, figs. 6, 15.
[110] Berthold Laufer, “Notes on Turquoise in the East,” Field Museum of Natural History, Pub. 169, Anthrop. Ser., vol. xiii, No. 1, plate 1; Chicago, July, 1913.
[111] Communicated by J. Alden Weir, N.A., in letter of March 15, 1916.
[112] Journal of Archæology, vol. iii, p. 268.
[113] John Ogilby, Africa, London, 1671, p. 559.
[114] Vogelstein and Rieger, “Geschichte der Juden in Rom,” vol. i, p. 337.
[115] Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, “Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians,” vol. iii, p. 373.
[116] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” p. 50, Nos. 278–281; pl. vii, No. 281.
[117] See F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, pp. xxxvii-xlix.
[118] Figured in Caylus, “Receuil d’antiquités,” vol. ii, p. 310.
[119] Sancti Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi, “Opera Omnia,” vol. iv, col. 702, Etymologiæ, lib. xix, cap. 32; vol. lxxxii of Migne’s Patrologia Latina, Paris, 1850.
[120] C. D. E. Fortnum, “Additional Notes on Finger Rings and on Some Engraved Gems of the Early Christian Period,” Archæological Journal.
[121] Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, “L’Antiquité expliqué,” Paris, 1724, Suppl., vol. viii, p. 40; pl. xiv, opp. p. 43, two views, side and front.
[122] M. Deloche: “Étude historique et archéologique sur les anneaux sigillaires,” Paris, 1900, pp. 225, 226, figs.
[123] Friedrich Henkel, “Der Lorscher Ring,” Trier, 1896.
[124] C. W. King, “Notices of Glyptic Archæology exhibited by the Archæological Institute in June, 1861,” London (Report from Archæological Journal), p. 12.
[125] “Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Works of Art at the South Kensington Museum, June, 1862,” section 32, “Rings,” by Edmund Waterton, p. 622.
[126] De Laborde, “Notice des émaux du Musée du Louvre,” 2d Part, “Documents et Glossaire,” p. 131, s. v. Anel.
[127] Cyril Davenport, “Jewellery,” Chicago, 1908, p. 118.
[128] William Jones, “Finger-Ring Lore,” London, 1877, pp. 487, 488.
[129] T. N. Mukharji, “Art Manufactures of India,” Calcutta, 1888, pp. 105–107.
[130] T. N. Mukharji, “Art Manufactures of India,” pp. 124–128, Calcutta, 1888.
[131] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 247, fig.
[132] Col. T. H. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” Journal of Indian Art and Industry, vol. xii, pp. 4, 5; 1907–1909. Figs. on plates 6, 7, 8, 15, 18.
[133] Ibid., p. 103.
[134] Communicated by Dr. Berthold Laufer, Curator of Anthropology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
[135] Communicated by Mr. F. W. Partridge, through Mr. Walter C. Wyman.
[136] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest: Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 336, No. 2422, Pl. xxx.
[137] Communicated by Dr. T. Wada, of Tokio.
[138] Hiram Bingham, “The Story of Machu Picchu,” in The National Geographic Magazine, February, 1915, pp. 172–217.
[139] Communicated by Prof. Frederick Starr, of the University of Chicago.
[140] Charles Edwards, “The History and Poetry of Finger-Rings,” New York, 1885, pp. 42–44; quoting from Gleason’s Pictorial Newspaper, December 25, 1852.
[141] Communicated by Dr. Leonard J. Spencer, Curator of the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Nat. Hist.).
[142] Figured in Journal der Goldschmiede Kunst, 30 Jahrg., No. 27, Leipzig, July 3, 1909, p. 220.
[143] See also p. 353 of the present work.
[144] Communicated by L. Weininger, of Vienna.
[145] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 243, No. 1700, Plate xxiii.
[146] Sir Charles Hercules Read, “The Waddesdon Bequest: Catalogue of the Works of Art Bequeathed to the British Museum by Baron Ferdinand Rothschild, M.P.,” 1898; London, 1902, p. 94.
[147] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 87, No. 571, fig.
[148] Communicated by L. Weininger, of Vienna.
[149] The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition, June 6 to September 20, 1916, Cleveland, 1916, p. 68, No. 109.
[150] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Artist,” London, n. d., p. 77, fig. 88. A later edition of this book, dated 1871, bears the title, “Rambles of an Archæologist.”
[151] From the collection of W. Gedney Beatty, New York City.
[152] “Les bagues des tranchées,” L’Illustration, July 3, 1915, p. 20, with cuts showing soldiers at work and specimens of their rings.
[153] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Artist,” London, 1880, p. 141, fig. 171.
[154] Morris Jastrow, Jr., “The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria,” Philadelphia and London, 1915, pp. 459, 460.
[155] Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson, “Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians,” revised by Samuel Birch, New York, 1879, vol. ii, p. 340, note by Birch.
[156] Juvenal, sat. vi, 1, 382.
[157] Persius, sat. i, l, 16.
[158] Juvenal, sat. vii, ll, 143, 144.
[159] Idem, sat. xiii, ll, 138, 139.