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Scarabs

Chapter 26: PLATE V. CYLINDER-SEALS OF THE FOURTH TO SIXTH DYNASTIES.
By Percy E. Newberry
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About This Book

A systematic introduction to ancient Egyptian seals and signet rings that explains their origins, functions, and methods of manufacture. It surveys practical uses—securing property, authenticating documents, and transferring authority—and outlines the officials and engravers involved. The work classifies and describes a wide range of forms, including cylinder seals, button-shaped types, beetle-shaped scarabs, and various signet rings, offering technical commentary and comparative typology. Extensive illustrations and plates accompany the text, and the volume includes indices of personal and royal names and of titles to support identification and further research.

PLATE V.
 
CYLINDER-SEALS OF THE FOURTH
TO SIXTH DYNASTIES.

1. “Kha-ef-ra, (?) beloved of the Gods.” P.

2. “Men-kau-ra, beloved of the Gods and beloved of Hather.” P.

3. “The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Men-kau-ra, beloved of the Gods daily and of Hather-duat daily.” Evans. This cylinder-seal gives the earliest known instance of the king’s title Sa-Ra, “Son of Ra.”

4. “Men-kau-ra.” At the side of the cartouche is a seated figure of the goddess Hather holding the uas-sceptre; before her is the word neter and the name of Men-kau-ra’s pyramid (?) Men-ab. Murch.

5. “Sahu-ra, beloved of the Gods,” and his Horus-name, Neb-khau. v-B. (Fr. Sc. 12.)

6. “Sahu-ra, beloved of Hather, the beautiful Star and Mistress of the Sycamore.” Fitzw.

7. “User-ka-ef, beloved of the Gods,” and the Horus-name of this king Ar-maat. Found on the Island of Elephantine. M.D. 54 e.

8. “User-ka-ef, beloved of the Gods and beloved of Hather.” B.M. 16774.

9. “Nefer-ar-ka-ra, beloved of the Gods daily, and priest of Hather.” W. S.B. XVI, 331.

10. “The Royal Favourite who executed the orders of his Lord the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Pepŷ (I), beloved of Anhur.” The inscription also gives the Horus-name of Pepŷ: Merŷ tauï, and states that the official for whom this cylinder was cut was “chief over the secret things of the court,” and that “he made the favours of the court.” B.M. 29061.

11. “The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Merŷ-tauï (Pepŷ I), the Good God, and Lord of the Two Lands,” with the Horus-name of Merŷ-tauï. In the horizontal line at the bottom of the seal the king is said to be “beloved of Sak, Lord of the Two Rats (?).” Like the specimen No. 10, this is a seal of the “Royal Favourite, the Regulator of the Festivals, he who executed the orders and made the favours of the king,” his master. B.M. 5495