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Scarabs

Chapter 30: PLATE IX. SCARABS BEARING ROYAL NAMES: FOURTH TO TWELFTH DYNASTIES.
By Percy E. Newberry
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About This Book

A systematic introduction to ancient Egyptian seals and signet rings that explains their origins, functions, and methods of manufacture. It surveys practical uses—securing property, authenticating documents, and transferring authority—and outlines the officials and engravers involved. The work classifies and describes a wide range of forms, including cylinder seals, button-shaped types, beetle-shaped scarabs, and various signet rings, offering technical commentary and comparative typology. Extensive illustrations and plates accompany the text, and the volume includes indices of personal and royal names and of titles to support identification and further research.

PLATE IX.
 
SCARABS BEARING ROYAL NAMES:
FOURTH TO TWELFTH DYNASTIES.

1-9. Scarabs bearing names of kings of the Ancient Kingdom:—

1. “Neb-ka-ra.” B.M. 23296.

2. “Khufu.” B.M. 22949.

3. “Khufu.” Gr.

4. “Kha-ef-ra.” Alnw.

5. “Kha-ef-ra.” M-G.

6. “Unas.” Amh.

7. “Merŷ-ra.” Luxor.

8. “Neb-kha-ra.” H-P. 166.

9. “Men-kau-ra.” Gr.

10-39. Scarabs bearing names of kings and other royal personages of the Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties.

10. “Se-ankh-ka-ra” (Mentuhetep [IV ?]). P. For this king’s personal name, see a monument in the Cairo Museum (No. 31439).

11. “Se-hetep-ab-ra” (Amenemhat I). W. S.B. I, 215.

12. “Se-hetep-ab-ra-senb.” Mr. Nahmann, Cairo. The back of this seal is of the button-type.

13. “Kheper-ka-ra” (Usertsen I). Gr. This scarab-seal has a back of the “Yabek-her” type (cf. fig. 68, p. 73), with a lotus flower engraved on the right wing.

14. “Kheper-ka-ra” (Usertsen I). M-G.

15. “Usertsen.” Luxor.

16. “Amenemhat.” P.

17. “Kheper-ka-ra” (Usertsen I). Amh.

18. “Kheper-ka-ra” (Usertsen I). Gr.

19. “Kha-kheper-ra” (Usertsen II). C.M.

20. “Kha-kheper-ra” (Usertsen II). Gr.

21. “Nub-ka-ra” (Amenemhat II). M-G.

22. “Kha-kau-ra” (Usertsen III). Davis.

23. “Kha-kheper-ra” (Usertsen II). M-G.

24. “Kha-kau-ra” (Usertsen III). C.M. Found at Dahshûr (cf. de M. D. I, vi, 4).

25. “Ne-maat-ra” (Amenemhat III). Gr.

26. “Ne-maat-ra” (Amenemhat III). Ashm.

27. “Ne-maat-ra” (Amenemhat III), with titles. C.M. This scarab is of lapis-lazuli, set in a gold funda, and was found at Dahshûr, (de M. D. I, fig. 148.)

28. “Ne-maat-ra” (Amenemhat III). C.M. Of emerald stone, and found at Dahshûr. (de M. D. I, fig. 149.)

29. “Ne-maat-ra” (Amenemhat III). Gr.

30. “The Royal Daughter, Merert.” C.M. Of lapis-lazuli, and found at Dahshûr. (de M. D. I, fig. 147.)

31. “The Good God, Lord of two Lands, Nub-ka-ra, Usertsen.” M-G. This scarab is perhaps a “late issue,” which might account for the prenomen of Amenemhat II being joined to the nomen of an Usertsen; or it may be a contemporary specimen, the two names appearing being due to the co-regency of Amenemhat II and Usertsen II.

32. “The Royal Wife who is joined to the Beauty of the White Crown.” C.M. A queen’s scarab, found at Dahshûr. (de M. D. I, xx, 48 b.)

33. “The Royal Daughter, Sat-hather.” C.M. Found at Dahshûr. (de M. D. I, fig. 153.)

34. “The Royal Daughter, Merŷt.” C.M. Found at Dahshûr. (de M. D. I, fig. 152.)

35. “The Hereditary Chieftainess, the Royal Princess, Anket-nefret-uben.” v-B. (Fr. Sc. 75). Two other scarabs of this princess are known, one in the v-B. Coll. (Fr. Sc. 76), and the other in the Petrie Coll.

36. “Ne-maat-ra” (Amenemhat III), with titles. L. A similar specimen is in the Petrie Coll.

37. “Ne-maat-ra” (Amenemhat III). Alnw.

38. “Maa-kheru-ra” (Amenemhat IV). L.

39. “The Hereditary Chieftainess, the Royal Princess, Nub-em-ant.” v-B. (F. Sc. 80.)