Schools of Hellas / An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.

INDEX

Abacus, illustrated, 104
Aegina pediment, 5
Aeolian harmony, 240, 241
Aeschylus, 245
Aesop, 49, 96
Agesilaos, 13, 138, 236
Aglauros, temple of, 210
Aineias Tacticus, 208
Aischines, father of, an usher, 83
Akademeia, 125
- description of scene in, 134-142
- Plato’s teaching in the, 196-207
- Plato’s lectures in the, described by Epikrates, 199
- Plato’s lectures, reference by Ephippos and Antiphanes, 200
- Plato’s lectures in the, reference by Amphis, 201
- Plato’s lectures in the, references in Comedy, 201
- Plato’s lectures in the, reference by Alexis, 200-201
- Plato’s pupils described by Ephippos, 200
Alexander, 2, 203
Alexis, 207
- his catalogue of a school library, 95
- on the Akademeia, 200-201
Alkibiades, 207, 277
- plays the flute, 111
- in the pankration, 133
Alphabet, metrical, 88
Amphis, on the Akademeia, 201
Anaxagoras, 81, 158, 209, 230
Angelo, Michel, 5
Anthology, on wrestling, 132
Antidosis of Isokrates, 190
Antigenes, palaistra of, 60
Antipater, 192
Antiphanes, on the Akademeia, 200
Antiphon the Sophist, 172-173
Apelles, 115
Apollodoros, 208
Apprenticeship, 44-45
Arcadia, 243
Archephebos, 220
Archon Eponumos, 71 n.
Areiopagitikos of Isokrates, 190
Areiopagos, supervision of the young, 70
- and the epheboi, 213
Ares, 211
Argos, 12 n.
- foot-races for girls at, 142
Aristophanes, supports athleticism, 123
- criticism of Sophists in the Clouds, 166-167
- attacks new artistic standards, 251
Aristotle, 202
- condemns professional athletes, 123
- at Plato’s lecture on “The Good,” 198
- his school in the Lukeion, 203
- views on art in education, 117, 258
Aristoxenos, 171
Arithmetic, teaching of, 100-107
Arkadia, schools in, 77, 243
Art, characteristics of Greek, 237-239
- teaching of, in primary schools, 114-117
Artemis Koruthalia, 40
Artemis Orthia, 29, 285
Artistic education, 237-258
- Aristotle on, 117
Art-schools, date of the rise of, 115
Aster, Plato’s pupil, 201-202
Astupalaia, school in, 77
Athleticism at Sparta, 11-34
- in Crete, 36-38
- at Athens and the rest of Greece, 118-156
- revolt against excessive, 75
- excessive addiction to, 119-132
Autokrator, 192
Autolukos, 75-76
Auxo, 211
Axiothea, 197

Barbitos, 108
Bathing-room in the gymnasium, 137
Boiotia, schools in, 76

Books, use of, in education, 204-209
- Isokrates’ opinion of, 204
- Plato’s opinion of, 205
- rare before the Periclean age, 207
- trade in, 207
- prices of, 208-209
- variety of, 208
Bousiris of Isokrates, 185, 187, 195
Boxing in the palaistra, 132-133
Bribery, among professional athletes, 121

Cavalry, training for, 143, 149-152
Chabrias, 202
Chancellor (Kosmetes) of the epheboi, 212-213
Chares, 208
Charondas, 62
Cheiron, Precepts of, 96
Chess (πεσσοί), 105
Children, exposure of Spartan, 13
Chios, Isokrates in, 181
- collapse of a school of letters in, 76
- girls wrestling in, 142
Choirilos, 95, 207
Choregia, description of, 148-149
Choregos, 60, 148
Competitions, local, 62-65
Conscription, 283
- at Athens, 55-56
Cookery-book, 207
- by Simos, 96
- by Mithaikos, 208
Cookery-schools, 45
Corporal punishment, 18, 29, 66, 68, 98-100, 262 and n., 285
Crete, education at, 34-38

Damon, a music-teacher, 113, 249
Dancing at Sparta, 22, 30-32
- dithuramboi, 144-145
- religious aspect of, 143-144, 248
- dramatic aspects of, 144-145
- systems of, 145
- the War-dance, 146-147
- the Naked-dance, 31, 147
- universal throughout Hellas, 143
- educational importance of, 143
Delphoi, educational endowments at, 62
Demosthenes, 195, 202
Derkulos, 71
Diaulos, 133
Dictation, 87
Diodotos, 192
Dion, 202
Dionusia, epheboi at, 214
Dionusios, Plato’s master, 158, 160
- Plato’s pupil, 202, 203
Dionusodoros the Sophist, 173
Dionusos, 144, 283
Diskos in the palaistra, 134
Dorian harmony, 240-241
Douris, Vase of, 52, 86, 92
Drama, influence of, in education, 248-249
Drawing, teaching of, in primary schools, 114
Dresden Gallery, 5
Dusting-room in the gymnasium, 137

Edgeworth, Maria, 74, 260
Egypt, in Plato’s Laws, 102-103
Eleusis, education at, 71
Elgin marbles, 3, 5
Elpias, school of, 83
Empedokles, 230
Enualios, 211
Epaminondas, 245
Ephebarchos, 220
Ephebic inscriptions, 221-223
Epheboi, 37, 263
- examination and oath, 210-211
- decline in number, 219-220
Ephippos, on the Akademeia, 200
Epicharmos, 95, 207
Epikrates, on Plato’s lectures, 199
Eponumos, Archon, 71 n.
Eretria, school in, 77
Eros, 135
Eruthrai, school in, 77
Euagoras, 191
Eudikos, son of Apemantos, 98
Euenos of Paros, 168, 176
Euhemeros, 229 n.
Euripides, his alphabetical puzzle, 90
- denunciation of athleticism, 122
- his rationalism, 230
Euthudemos the Sophist, 173
Euthudemos, companion of Sokrates, 207
Eutuchides, 155
Exposure of Spartan children on Taügetos, 13

Fees, 62, 278, 281
- paid to schoolmasters, 81
- of the paidotribes, 134
- paid to Sophists, 168-169
- of permanent secondary teachers, 182
- in the Akademeia, 202-203
- to the Sophronistai, 213
Festivals, school, 80-81
Flute, teaching of, 110
- condemned by Pratinas, 110
- condemned by Plato, 242
- particulars of, 112
Flute-girls, professional, 111
“Foreign Legion,” 216, 218

Gelon of Syracuse, 228

Gesticulation, 129-130
Girls at Sparta, 29-30
- wrestle at Chios, 142
- foot-races for, at Argos, 142
Gorgias the Sophist, 168, 169, 174-176, 208
- his euphuistic style, 176
- his influence on later writers, 176
Grammatistes, 50
Gumnasiarchos, 213-214, 220
- excursus on, 154-156
Gumnastes, distinct from paidotribes, 126 n.
Gumnopaidia, 31, 146-147
Gymnasium, description of, 124
- cost, 124
- description of scene in, 134-142
- ἀποδυτήριον, 135
- patron deities, 135
- the oil-room, 136
- the dusting-room, 137
- the bathing-room, 137
- the punch-ball room, 137
- Sophists’ lectures, 138
- central courtyard, 138-139
- the xustos, 141
Gymnastics, excessive addiction to, 119-123
- professional, disadvantages of, 120

Haltêres, 128
Hegemone, 211
Helen of Isokrates, 185, 195
Hellas, educator of the world, 2-3
Hellenism, two currents of, 6
- spread by Alexander, Rome, and the Renaissance, 2-3
- spirit of, 3
- methods of teaching, 4, 275-291
Henty, G. A., 260
Hephaisteia, 155
Herakleides of Pontos, 36 n., 198, 202, 241
Herakleitos, 229
Hermann, K. F., an emendation of, 125
“Hermes” of Praxiteles, 5, 250
Herondas, third Mime of, 98-100
Hesiod, 207
- authority of, 228
- teaching of, in primary schools, 95
Hestiaios, 198
Hippias of Elis, 97, 168, 169, 172
Hippokleides, 129
Hippokrates, 208, 215
Hippothontid tribe, 215
Holidays, on festivals, 80-81
Homer, 207
- teaching of, in primary schools, 93-95
- authority of, 228
Horace, 2
Hunting, 142-143, 259
Hupereides, 202
Hypo-Dorian harmony, 241

Iliaca, Tabula, 84
Ink, 85, 87
Inscriptions, ephebic, 221-223
Inukos, 168
Ion, the rhapsode, 97
Ionian harmony, 240-241
Iphikrates, 202
Isaios, 195
Isokrates, 161
- pupil of Gorgias, 169
- his school near the Lukeion, 180
- teaching in Chios, 181
- on the theory of education, 182
- on the nature of philosophy, 184
- his school described, 185-195
- his methods, 186-190
- his pupils, 191, 192
- on theory of education, 192
- definition of the educated man, 192-193
- on religious myths, 230-231

Javelin and spear throwing in the palaistra, 134
Jiu-jitsu, 131
Jump, long, in the palaistra, 133

Kallias, his metrical alphabet, 88
- his spelling drama, 88-90
Kameiros, in Rhodes, 53
Karia, 241 n.
Karneia, 40
Kekropid tribe, 215, 219
Kikunna, 166
Kitharistes, 50
Klazomenai, 81
Kleinias, 243
Kleon, 113
Knucklebones, 65, 99, 105
Kolonos, 196
Konnaros, 65
Konnos, his music-school, 113
Korax, 208
Korubantic dances, 242 n.
Kôrukoi, 128, 137
Kos, 215
Kosmetes of the epheboi, 212-213
Kottalos, in Herondas, 99-100
Kritias, 63, 277
- plays the flute, 111
Kunaitha, 243
Kuretic dance in Crete, 36, 146

Kuros, The Education of, 259-272

Lampriskos, in Herondas, 99-100
Lampros, a music-teacher, 113, 164
Lastheneia, 197
Laughter, statue of, in Sparta, 12
Leap-frog in the palaistra, 130
Lectures in primary schools, 97
Leitourgiai, 60-61, 148
- excursus on gumnasiarchoi, 154-156
Leokrates, 219
Lesbos, schools in, 77
Leschai at Sparta, 11
Libanius, 178
Libraries of Euthudemos, 207
- of Peisistratos at Athens, 207
- of Polukrates at Samos, 207
Library, a school, 95
Likumnios the Sophist, 176
Linos, 207
Literature, teaching of, in primary schools, 93-97
- in secondary schools, 161-162
Logographoi, 180-181, 193
Long jump in the palaistra, 133
Lukeion, 125
- description of scene in, 134-142
Lukourgos the orator, 202, 211
Lusandros, 16
Lusias, the logographos, 193
Lusis, 54
Lydian harmony, 240-242
Lyre, and lyric-schools, 107-114

Mantitheos, 60
Marathon, 3
Marriage customs, 48
Mathematics, teaching of, 100-107
- in secondary schools, 159
Meals, hours of, 80
Medical beliefs, 243
Menander, 250
Menedemos, 196
Metrodoros, 230
Metrotimé, in Herondas, 98-100
Michel Angelo, 5
Mikkos, 138 n.
Mithaikos, 208
Mixed-Lydian harmony, 241
Moderators (Sophronistai), 70, 212-213, 220
Mounuchia, 213
Mousaios, 164
Mukalessos, schools at, 76
Muronides, 218
Music, 240-244
- in Crete, 36-37
- in primary schools, 107-114
Music, Plato on the value of, 113
- Aristotle on the value of, 114
- characteristics of Greek, 240-244
- Greek views of the properties of, 243
- in Arkadia, 243
Music-schools, experiments in, 110

“Nature-study,” 262
Nikeratos, 94
Nikostratos, archonship of, 212

Oberammergau, 249
Oil-room in the gymnasium, 136
Oinopides, 158
Orpheus, 95, 164, 207
Oxurhunchos, fragment on wrestling unearthed at, 131

Paidagogos, 266, 278-279
- duties of, 66-69
Paidonomos, 277
Paidotribes, 50, 278
- duties of, 126
- his symbol of office, 128
- his fee, 134
Painting, teaching of, in primary schools, 114
Palaistra, distinct from gymnasium, 124
- life in the, 124-134
- teaching of gesticulation (τὸ χειρονομεῖν), 129
- wrestling (πάλη), 130-132
- leap-frog, 130
- rope-climbing, 130
- boxing, 132
- pankration, 132-133
- long jump, 133
- running, 133
- javelin and spear, 134
- diskos, 134
- fees of the paidotribes, 134
Pamphilos the Macedonian, 115
Panathenaic festival, 148, 152, 155
Panathenaikos of Isokrates, 187, 189
Pankration in the palaistra, 132-133
Parthenon, 244, 245
- the “Theseus” of the, 5
Peiraieus, 213
Peisistratos, 247
- popularisation of Homer by, 52
Pencils, 84
Perikles, 3, 246, 276
Peripoloi, 214 and n., 215
Permanent secondary schools, 179-209
- their natural growth at Athens, 179
- fees, 182
- of Isokrates, 185-195
Phaüllos, 139
Pheidias, 245, 250
Pheiditia at Sparta, 13-15

Pheidostratos, schoolroom of, 98
Pherekrates, The Slave-Teacher, 45
Philosophy, schools of, 195-207
- their feuds, 203-204
Philoxenos, 242
Phokion, 202
Phrunichos, 215
Phrunis, 12
Phrygian harmony, 240
Physical education, 279
- in Athens and the rest of Hellas, 118-156
- contemporary criticism of excess, 119-123
- dancing, 143-149
Pindar, eulogy of athleticism, 121-122
Pittalos, 45
Plataea, oath of the army at, 211
Plato, denounces excessive athleticism, 123
- criticism of Sophists, 174
- his teaching in the Akademeia, 196-207
- his teaching in the Akademeia described by Epikrates, 199
- teaching in the Akademeia: his affection for his pupils, 201-202
- teaching in the Akademeia: names of his pupils, 202
- teaching in the Akademia, gratuitous, 203
- on the theory of education, 205-206
- criticism of religious myths, 231-233
- on the value of myths, 235
- on the educative value of artistic environment, 246
- his excessive imagination, 247
- on the Athenian drama, 253
- criticism of art, 255-258
- on Xenophon’s Kuros, 272
Playgrounds, 83
Plecktron, 107
Poetry, place of, in education, 247-249
Polemon, 201
Polos the Sophist, 168, 176, 208
Polugnotos, 115
Polybios, on Arcadian music, 243
Pratinas, on the flute, 110
Praxiteles, the “Hermes” of, 5, 250
Prizes, 65
Prodikos the Sophist, 168, 171-172
- Choice of Herakles, 96, 98, 171-172
Propulaia, 245
Protagoras the Sophist, 167-168, 170, 230
Proverbs, Greek, 45, 57 n., 110, 111, 152
Public schools, English, compared, 23, 212 n., 265
Punch-ball, 137
Pyrrhic dance, 36

Raphael, 5
Rationalism, spread of, 229-230
Reading, teaching of, 87-92
Religious education, 228-236
- Plato’s revision, 231-233
Rhetoric in secondary schools, 160-161
- weaknesses of Greek, 174-175
Riding, 143, 149-152
Rope-climbing in the palaistra, 130
Rowing, 143, 153-154
Running, long-distance, 133
- in the palaistra, 133

Salmudessos, 207
Schoolmaster, status of, 81
Secondary education, 157-209
- secondary classes in primary schools, 157-158
- Sophists, 157-178
- permanent schools, 179-209
- variety of subjects, 159
- rhetoric, 160-161
- literary subjects, 161
- the education voluntary, 163
Semelé, 145, 256
Shakespeare, 249
Shelley, translation of epigram, 202
Siburtios, palaistra of, 60
Sicily, education in Chalcidian cities of, 62
Sikinnos, 67
Simon, 208
Simos, his cookery-book, 96
Sistine Chapel, 5
Skias, council-chamber at Sparta, 12
Skillous, 259
Slave-Teacher, The, of Pherekrates, 45
Sokrates, 167, 230, 270, 277
Solon, 57, 247
- enactment on handicraft, 45
- regulations about paidagogoi, 67
- enactments to safeguard morality, 68-69
- archaic phrases in his laws, 95
- on courtiers, 104
- metrical version of Athenian laws, 109
- ? on gumnasiarchai, 155
Sophists, 157-178, 286
- and mathematics, 102
- subjects taught, 165
- criticism of Aristophanes, 166
- criticism of Plato, 174
- scale of fees, 169
- secret of their power, 170
- their undemocratic influence, 177
- their rationalism, 177
- criticised by Isokrates, 182
Sophokles, 3
Sophronistai, 70, 212-213, 220
Sparta, education at, 11-34
- character of people, 11
- importance of education at, 12
- details of Pheiditia, 13-15
- the State a military machine, 12
- conservatism of, 12
- strictness of discipline, 13
- Spartan nurses, 13
- system of State schools, 14
- Syssitia, 39-40
- ideals in education, 275
- educational methods, 285
Spelling, teaching of, 88-90
Spelling-book, terra-cotta fragment of, 89 n.
Speusippos, 202
Stadion, 133
Stesimbrotos, 230
Swimming, 143, 152-153
Syntono-Lydian harmony, 242
Syssitia at Sparta, 39-40, 267
- at Crete, 40-41

Tabula Iliaca, 84
Taügetos, exposure of Spartan children on, 13
Taureas, palaistra of, 60
Technical instruction, 44-46
- of the logographoi, 180-181
Teles, 115, 160
Tennyson, quoted, 235
Teos, 220
- educational endowments in, 62
- prizemen in competitions, 63
- recitations of boys at, 96
Tertiary education, 210-223
Thales (Cretan poet), 243
Thallo, 211
Thargelia, 148, 155
Theodoros, 160, 176
Theognis, 96
Theophanes, 212
Theophrastos, 243
Theory of education, 227-272, 275-291
- Plato’s views on, 205-206
- Xenophon’s views on, 259-272
Thermopylae, 3 “Theseus,” of the Parthenon, 5, 245
Thespis, 247
Thrasuboulos of Kaludon, 215
Thrasumachos, 177, 208
Timeas, palaistra of, 60
Timotheos, 12, 145
Timotheos the general, 196
Timotheos of Herakleia, 192
Tisias, 208
Tithenidia, 40
Torch-race, 155
Trade, Greek views on, 43
Troizen, schools in, 77, 220

Undressing-room in the gymnasium, 135

Virgil, 2

Wax, tablets of, 84
Women, gymnastics for, at Sparta, 30
- seclusion of, 46
- duties of, 47
- excluded from athletics in Athens, 142
- admitted to the Akademeia, 197
- position of, 282
Wrestling in the palaistra described, 130-132
Writing, teaching of, 85-87

Xenokrates, 196, 201, 202, 203
Xenophanes, 229
Xenophanes of Kolophon, criticises athleticism, 121
Xenophon, treatise on The Horse, 208
- handbooks on educational subjects, 208
- The Education of Kuros, 259-272
- character of, 259-260
Xerxes, 61, 239
Xustos, in the gymnasium, 141

Zeuxippos of Heraklea, 114

Schools of Hellas / An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.

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