FOOTNOTES
1. Moniteur for the 14th Fructidor, An II.
2. Seth Payson, Proofs of the Real Existence and Dangerous Tendency of Illuminism (Charleston, 1802), pp. 5-7.
3. Ibid., p. 5 note.
4. Quoted in the Life of John Robison (1739-1805) by George Stronach in the Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. XLIX. p. 58.
5. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. VII, pp. 538, 539 (1815).
6. Freemasonry, its Pretensions Exposed ... by a Master Mason, p. 275 (New York. 1828).
7. Mémoires sur le Jacobinisme, II. 195 (1818 edition).
8. Barruel, op. cit., II. 208.
9. Ibid., II. 311.
10. I use the word "anti-Semitism" here in the sense in which it has come to be used--that is to say, anti-Jewry, but place it in inverted commas because it is in reality a misnomer coined by the Jews in order to create a false impression. The word anti-Semite literally signifies a person who adopts a hostile attitude towards all the descendants of Shem--the Arabs, and the entire twelve tribes of Israel. To apply the term to a person who is merely antagonistic to that fraction of the Semitic race known as the Jews is therefore absurd, and leads to the ridiculous situation that one may be described as "anti-Semitic and pro-Arabian." This expression actually occurred in The New Palestine (New York), March 23, 1923. One might as well speak of being "anti-British and pro-English."
11. Augustus le Plongeon, Sacred Mysteries among the Mayas and the Quiches, p. 53 (1909)
12. Ibid., pp. 56, 58.
13. Adolf Erman, Life in Ancient Egypt, p. 45 (1894).
14. J.H. Breasted, Ancient Times: a History of the Early World, p. 92 (1916).
15. This word is spelt variously by different writers thus: Cabala, Cabbala, Kabbala, Kabbalah, Kabalah. I adopt the first spelling as being the one employed in the Jewish Encyclopædia.
16. Fabre d'Olivet, La Langue Hébraïque, p. 28 (1815).
17. "According to the Jewish view God had given Moses on Mount Sinai alike the oral and the written Law, that is, the Law with all its interpretations and applications."--Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, I. 99 (1883), quoting other Jewish authorities.
18. Solomon Maimon: an Autobiography, translated from the German by J. Clark Murray, p. 28 (1888). The original appeared in 1792.
19. Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, II. 689 (1883).
20. "There exists in Jewish literature no book more difficult to understand than the Sepher Yetzirah."--Phineas Mordell in the Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, Vol. II. p. 557.
21. Paul Vulliaud, La Kabbale Juive: histotre et doctrine, 2 vols. (Émile Nourry, 62 Rue des Écoles, Paris, 1923). This book, neither the work of a Jew nor of an "anti-Semite," but of a perfectly impartial student, is invaluable for a study of the Cabala rather as a vast compendium of opinions than as an expression of original thought.
22. "Rab Hanina and Rab Oschaya were seated on the eve of every Sabbath studying the Sepher Ietsirah; they created a three-year-old heifer and ate it."--Talmud treatise Sanhedrim, folio 65.
23. Koran, Sura LXXXVII. 10.
24. Zohar, section Bereschith, folio 55, and section Lekh-Lekha, folio 76 (De Pauly's translation, Vol. I. pp. 431, 446).
25. Adolphe Franck, La Kabbale, p. 39; J. P. Stehelin, The Traditions of the Jews, I. 145 (1748).
26. Adolphe Franck, op. cit., p. 68, quoting Talmud treatise Sabbath, folio 34, Dr. Christian Ginsburg, The Kabbalah, p. 85; Drach, De l'Harmonie entre l'Église et la Synagogue, I. 457.
27. Adolphe Franck, op. cit., p. 69.
28. Dr. Christian Ginsburg (1920), The Kabbalah, pp. 172, 173.
29. Vulliaud, op. cit., I. 253.
30. Ibid., p. 20, quoting Theodore Reinach, Historie des Israelites, p. 221, and Salomon Reinach, Orpheus, p. 299.
31. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala.
32. Adolphe Franck, op. cit., p. 288.
33. Vulliaud, op. cit., I. 256, quoting Greenstone, The Messiah Idea, p. 229.
34. H. Loewe, in an article on the Kabbala in Hastings' Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, says: "This secret mysticism was no late growth. Difficult though it is to prove the date and origin of this system of philosophy and the influences and causes which produced it, we can be fairly certain that its roots stretch back very far and that the mediæval and Geonic Kabbala was the culmination and not the inception of Jewish esoteric mysticism. From the time of Graetz it has been the fashion to decry the Kabbala and to regard it as a later incrustation, as something of which Judaism had reason to be ashamed." The writer goes on to express the opinion that "the recent tendency requires adjustment. The Kabbala, though later in form than is claimed by its adherents, is far older in material than is allowed by its detractors."
35. Vulliaud, op. cit., I. 22.
36. Ibid., I. 13, 14, quoting Edersheim, La Société Juive an temps de Jésus-Christ (French translation), pp. 363-4
37. See chapters on this question by Gougenot des Mousseaux in Le Juif, le Judaïsme et la Judaïsation des Peisples Chrétiens, pp. 499 and following (2nd edition, 1886). The first edition of this book, published in 1869, is said to have been bought up and destroyed by the Jews, and the author died a sudden death before the second edition could be published.
38. Eliphas Lévi, Histoire de la Magie, pp. 46, 105. (Eliphas Lévi was the pseudonym of the celebrated nineteenth-century occultist the Abbé Constant.)
39. Lexicon of Freemasonry, p. 323.
40. Ginsburg op. cit. p. 105; Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala.
41. Gougenot des Mousseaux, Le Juif, le Judaïsms el la Judaïsation des Peuples Chrétiens, p. 503 (1886).
42. P. L. B. Drach De l'Harmonie entre l'Église et la Synagogue, Vol. I. p. xiii (1844). M. Vulliaud (op. cit., II. 245) points out that, as far as he can discover Drach's work has never met with any refutation from the Jews, by whom it was received in complete silence. The Jewish Encyclopædia has an article on Drach in which it says he was brought up in a Talmudic school and afterwards became converted to Christianity, but makes no attempt to challenge his statements.
43. Drach, op. cit., Vol. II. p. xix
44. Franck, op. cit., p. 127.
45. De Pauly's translation. Vol. V. pp. 336-8, 343-6.
46. Zohar, treatise Beschalah, folio 59b (De Pauly, III. 265).
47. Zohar, Toldoth Noah, folio 69a (De Pauly, I. 408).
48. Zohar, treatise Beschalah, folio 48a (De Pauly, III. 219).
49. Ibid., folio 44a (De Pauly, III. 200).
50. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala.
51. Adolf Erman, Life in Ancient Egypt, p. 32.
52. Zohar, treatise Toldoth Noah, folio 59b (De Pauly, I. 347).
53. Zohar, treatise Lekh-Lekha, folio 94a (De Pauly, I. 535).
54. Zohar, treatise Bereschith, folio 26a (De Pauly, I. 161).
55. The Emek ha Melek is the work of the Cabalist Napthali, a disciple of Luria.
56. Drach, De l'Harmonie entre l'Église et la Synagogue, I. 272.
57. Ibid., p. 273.
58. D'Herbelot, Bibliothèque Orientale (1778), article on Zerdascht.
59. Ibid., I. 18.
60. Rom. iii. 2.
61. Drach, De l'Harmonie entre l'Eglise et la Synagogue, II. 19.
62. Ibid., I. 280.
63. Vulliaud, op. cit., II. 255, 256.
64. Ibid., p. 257, quoting Karppe, Études sur les Origines du Zohar, p. 494.
65. Ibid., I. 13, 14. In Vol. II. p. 411, M. Vulliaud quotes Isaac Meyer's assertion that "the triad of the ancient Cabala is Kether, the Father; Binah, the Holy Spirit or the Mother; and Hochmah, the Word or the Son." But in order to avoid the sequence of the Christian Trinity this arrangement has been altered in the modern Cabala of Luria and Moses of Cordovero, etc.
66. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala, p. 478.
67. "...All that Israel hoped for, was national restoration and glory. Everything else was but means to these ends; the Messiah Himself only the grand instrument in attaining them. Thus viewed, the picture presented would be of Israel's exaltation, rather than of the salvation of the world.... The Rabbinic ideal of the Messiah was not that of 'a light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of His people Israel'--the satisfaction of the wants of humanity, and the completion of Israel's mission--but quite different, even to contrariety."--Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, I. 164 (1883).
68. Zohar, section Schemoth, folio 8; cf. ibid., folio 9b: "The period when the King Messiah will declare war on the whole world." (De Pauly, III. 32, 36).
69. A blasphemous address entitled The God Man, given by Tom Anderson, the founder of the Socialist Sunday Schools, on Glasgow Green to an audience of over 1,000 workers in 1922 and printed in pamphlet form, was founded entirely on this theory.
70. J.G. Frazer, The Golden Bough, Part VI. "The Scapegoat," p. 412 (1914 edition); E.R. Bevan endorses this view.
71. Histoire de la Magie, p. 69.
72. The Magi or Wise Men are generally believed to have come from Persia; this would accord with the Zoroastrian prophecy quoted above.
73. Drach, op. cit., II. p. 32.
74. Ibid., II. p. xxiii.
75. Joseph Barclay, The Talmud, pp 38, 39; cf. Drach, op. cit., I 167
76. The Talmud, by Michael Rodkinson (alias Michael Levy Rodkinssohn).
77. Le Talmud de Babylone (1900).
78. Le Zohar, translation in 8 vols by Jean de Pauly, published in 1909 by Emile Lafuma-Giraud. Wherever possible in quoting the Talmud or the Cabala I shall give a reference to one of the translations here mentioned.
79. Jewish Encyclopædia, article Talmud.
80. Drach, op. cit., I. 168, 169. The text of this encyclical is given by Drach in Hebrew and also in translation, thus: "This is why we enjoin you, under pain of excommunication major, to print nothing in future editions, whether of the Mischna or of the Gemara, which relates whether for good or evil to the acts of Jesus the Nazarene, and to substitute instead a circle like this O, which will warn the Rabbis and schoolmasters to teach the young these passages only viva voce. By means of this precaution the savants amongst the Nazarenes will have no further pretext to attack us on this subject." Cf. Abbé Chiarini, Le Talmud de Babylone, p. 45 (1831).
81. On this point see Appendix I.
82. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on "Jesus."
83. Eliphas Lévi, La Science des Esprits, p. 40.
84. Origen, Contra Celsum.
85. S. Baring-Gould, The Counter-Gospels, p. 69 (1874).
86. Cf. Baring-Gould, op. cit., quoting Talmud, treatise Sabbath, folio 104.
87. Ibid., p. 55, quoting Talmud, treatise Sanhedrim, folio 107, and Sota, folio 47; Eliphas Lévi, La Science des Esprits, pp. 32, 33.
88. According to the Koran, it was the Jews who said, "'Verily we have slain the Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, an apostle of God.' Yet they slew him not, and they crucified him not, but they had only his likeness.... No sure knowledge had they about him, but followed an opinion, and they did not really slay him, but God took him up to Himself."--Sura iv. 150. See also Sura iii. 40. The Rev. J.M. Rodwell, in his translation of the Koran, observes in a footnote to the latter passage: "Muhammad probably believed that God took the dead body of Jesus to Heaven--for three hours, according to some--while the Jews crucified a man who resembled him."
89. Sura iii. 30, 40.
90. Sura xxi. 90.
91. Sura iv. 150.
92. Sura ii. 89, 250; v. 100.
93. Sura v. 50.
94. In the masonic periodical Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. XXIV, a Freemason (Bro. Sydney T. Klein) observes: "It is not generally known that one of the reasons why the Mohammedans removed their Kiblah from Jerusalem to Mecca was that they quarrelled with the Jews over Jesus Christ, and the proof of this may still be seen in the Golden Gate leading into the sacred area of the Temple, which was bricked up by the Mohammedans, and is bricked up to this day, because they declared that nobody should enter through that portal until Jesus Christ comes to judge the world, and this is stated in the Koran." I cannot trace this passage in the Koran, but much the same idea is conveyed by the Rev. J.M. Rodwell, who in the note above quoted adds: "The Muhammadans believe that Jesus on His return to earth at the end of the world will slay the Antichrist, die, and be raised again. A vacant place is reserved for His body in the Prophet's tomb at Medina."
95. Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, III. 216-52.
96. The Essenes: their History and Doctrines, an essay by Christian D. Ginsburg, LL.D. (Longmans, Green & Co., 1864).
97. Ibid., p. 24.
98. Edersheim (op. cit., I. 325) ably refutes both Graetz and Ginsburg on this point, and shows that "the teaching of Christianity was in a direction the opposite from that of Essenism." M. Vulliaud (op. cit., I. 71) dismisses the Essene origin of Christianity as unworthy of serious attention. "To maintain the Essenism of Jesus is a proof of frivolity or of invincible ignorance."
99. Luke xvii. 7-9.
100. Ginsburg, op. cit., pp. 15, 22, 55.
101. Ginsburg, op. cit., p. 12.
102. Fabre d'Olivet thinks this tradition had descended to the Essenes from Moses: "If it is true, as everything attests, that Moses left an oral law, it is amongst the Essenes that it was preserved. The Pharisees, who flattered themselves so highly on possessing it, only had its outward forms (apparences), as Jesus reproaches them at every moment. It is from these latter that the modern Jews descend, with the exception of a few real savants whose secret tradition goes back to the Essenes."--La Langue Hebraïque, p. 27 (1815).
103. Matter, Histoire du Gnosticisme, I. 44 (1844).
104. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala.
105. Matter, op. cit., II. 58.
106. Ragon, Maçonnerie Occulte, p. 78.
107. "The Cabala is anterior to the Gnosis, an opinion which Christian writers little understand, but which the erudites of Judaism profess with a legitimate assurance."--Matter, op. cit.. Vol. I. p. 12.
108. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala.
109. John Yarker, The Arcane Schools, p. 167; Matter, op. cit., II. 365, quoting Irenæus.
110. Eliphas Lévi, Histoire de la Magie, p. 189.
111. Eliphas Lévi, op. cit., p. 218.
112. Dean Milman, History of the Jews (Everyman's Library edition), II. 491.
113. Matter, II. 171; E. de Faye, Gnostiques et Gnosticisme, p. 349 (1913).
114. De Luchet, Essai sur la Secte des Illuminés, p. 6.
115. Manuel d'Histoire Ecclésiastique, par R. P. Albers, S.J., adapté par René Hedde, O.P., p. 125 (1908); Matter, op. citt., II. 197.
116. Matter, op. cit., II. 188.
117. Matter, op. cit., II. 199, 215.
118. Eliphas Lévi, Histoire de la Magie, pp. 217, 218.
119. Matter, op. cit., II. 115, III. 14; S. Baring-Gould, The Lost and Hostile Gospels (1874).
120. Matter, op. cit., II 364.
121. Ibid., p. 365.
122. Ibid., p. 369.
123. Some Notes on Various Gnostic Sects and their Possible Influence on Freemasonry, by D. F. Ranking, republished from Ars Quatuor Coronatorum (Vol. XXIV, p. 202, 1911) in pamphlet form, p. 7.
124. Hastings, Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, article on Manicheism.
125. Zohar, treatise Bereschith, folio 54 (De Pauly's translation, I. 315).
126. The Yalkut Shimoni is a sixteenth-century compilation of Haggadic Midrashim.
127. Principal authorities consulted for this chapter: Joseph von Hammer, The History of the Assassins (Eng. trans., 1835); Silvestre de Sacy, Exposé de le Religion des Druses (1838) and Mémoires sur la Dynastie des Assassins in Mémoires de l'Institut Royal de France, Vol. IV. (1818); Hastings Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics; Syed Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam (1922); Dr. F. W. Bussell, Religious Thought and Heresy in the Middle Ages (1918).
128. Reinhart Dozy, Spanish Islam (Eng. trans.), pp. 403-5.
129. Claudio Jannet, Les Précurseurs de la Franc-Moçonnerie, p. 58 (1887).
130. The following account is given by de Sacy in connexion with Abdullah ibn Maymūn (op. cit., I. Ixxiv), and Dr. Bussell (Religious Thought and Heresy in the Middle Ages, p. 353) includes it in his chapter on the Karmathites. Von Hammer, however, gives it as the programme of the Dar ul Hikmat, and this seems more probable since the initiation consists of nine degrees and Abdullah's society of Batinis, into which Karmath had been initiated, included only seven. Yarker (The Arcane Schools, p. 185) says the two additional degrees were added by the Dar ul Hikmat. It would appear then that de Sacy, in placing this account before his description of the Karmathites, was anticipating. The point is immaterial, the fact being that the same system was common to all these ramifications of Ismailis, and that of the Dar ul Hikmat varied but little from that of Abdullah and Karmath.
131. Von Hammer, op. cit. (Eng. trans.), pp. 36, 37.
132. Von Hammer, The History of the Assassins, pp. 45, 46.
133. Dr. F. W. Bussell, Religious Thought and Heresy in the Middle Ages, p. 368.
134. Von Hammer, op. cit., p. 55.
135. Von Hammer, op. cit., pp. 83, 89.
136. Ibid., p. 164.
137. Développement des abus introduits dans la Franc-maçonnerie, p. 56 (1780).
138. Jules Loiseleur, La doctrine secrète des Templiers, p. 89.
139. Dr. F W. Bussell, D.D., Religions Thought and Heresy in the Middle Ages, pp. 796, 797 note.
140. G. Mollat, Les Popes d'Avignon, p. 233 (1912).
141. Michelet, Procès des Templiers, I. 2 (1841). This work largely consists of the publication in Latin of the Papal bulls and trials of the Templars before the Papal Commission in Paris contained in the original document once preserved at Notre Dame. Michelet says that another copy was sent to the Pope and kept under the triple key of the Vatican. Mr. E. J. Castle, K.C., however, says that he has enquired about the whereabouts of this copy and it is no longer in the Vatican (Proceedings against the Templars in France and in England for Heresy, republished from Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. XX. Part III. p. 1).
142. M. Raynouard, Monuments historiques relatifs à la condemnation des Chevaliers du Temple et de l'abolition de leur Ordre, p. 17 (1813).
143. Michelet, op. cit. I. 2 (1841).
144. Michelet, Procès des Templiers, II. 333.
145. Ibid., pp. 295, 333.
146. Ibid., pp. 290, 299, 300.
147. "Dixit per juramentum suum quod ita est terribilis figure et aspectus quod videbatur sibi quod esset figura cujusdam demonis, dicendo gallice d'un maufé, et quod quocienscumque videbat ipsum tantus timor eum invadebat, quod vix poterat illud respicere nisi cum maximo timore et tremore."--Ibid., p. 364.
148. Ibid., pp. 284, 338. "Ipse minabatur sibi quod nisi faceret, ipse ponereteum in carcere perpetuo."--Ibid., p. 307.
149. "Et fuit territus plus quam unquam fuit in vita sua: et statim unus eorum accepit eum per gutur, dicens quod oportebat quod hoc faceret, vel moreretur."--Ibid., p. 296.
150. Mollat, op. cit., p. 241.
151. Procès des Templiers, I. 3: Mr. E. J. Castle, op. cit. Part III. p. 3. (It should be noted that Mr. Castle's paper is strongly in favour of the Templars.)
152. Ibid., I. 4.
153. Procès des Templiers, I. 5.
154. Michelet in Preface to Vol. I. of Procès des Templiers.
155. Jules Loiseleur, La Doctrine Secrète des Templiers, p. 40 (1872).
156. Ibid., p. 16.
157. Proceedings against the Templars in France and England for Heresy, by E. J. Castle, Part I. p. 16, quoting Rymer, Vol. III. p. 37
158. Ibid., Part II. p. 1.
159. Ibid., Part II. pp. 25-7.
160. Ibid., Part II. p. 30.
161. "Another witness of the Minor Friars told the Commissioners he had heard from Brother Robert of Tukenham that a Templar had a son who saw through a partition that they asked one professing if he believed in the Crucified, showing him the figure, whom they killed upon his refusing to deny Him, but the boy, some time after, being asked if he wished to be a Templar said no, because he had seen this thing done. Saying this, he was killed by his father.... The twenty-third witness, a Knight, said that his uncle entered the Order healthy and joyfully, with his birds and dogs, and the third day following he was dead, and he suspected it was on account of the crimes he had heard of them, and that the cause of his death was he would not consent to the evil deeds perpetrated by other brethren."--Ibid., Part II. p. 13.
162. F. Funck-Brentano, Le Moyen Age, p. 396 (1922).
163. Ibid., p. 384.
164. F. Funck Brentano, op. cit., p. 396.
165. Ibid., p. 387.
166. Dean Milman, History of Latin Christianity, VII. 213.
167. E. J. Castle, op. cit., Part I. p. 22.
168. Thus even M. Mollat admits: "En tout cas leurs dépositions, défavorables à l'Ordre, l'impressionnèrent si vivement que, par une série de graves mesures, il abandonna une à une toutes ses oppositions."--Les Papes d'Avignon, p. 242.
169. F. Funck-Brentano, op. cit., p. 392.
170. E. J. Castle, Proceedings against the Templars, A.Q.C., Vol. XX. Part III, p. 3.
171. Even Raynouard, the apologist of the Templars (op. cit., p. 19), admits that, if less unjust and violent measures had been adopted, the interest of the State and the safety of the throne might have justified the abolition of the Order.
172. Funck-Brentano, op. cit., p. 386.
173. "The bourgeoisie, whenever it has conquered power, has destroyed all feudal, patriarchal, and idyllic relations. It has pitilessly torn asunder all the many-coloured feudal bonds which united men to their 'natural superiors,' and has left no tie twixt man and man but naked self-interest and callous cash payment."--The Communist Manifesto.
174. Eliphas Lévi, Histoire de la Magie, p. 273.
175. E. J. Castle, op. cit., A.Q.C., Vol. XX. Part I. p. 11.
176. Ibid., Part II. p. 24.
177. Loiseleur, op. cit., pp. 20, 21.
178. Histoire de la Magie, p. 277.
179. Dr. F. W. Bussell, Religious Thought and Heresy in the Middle Ages, p. 803.
180. Les Sectes et Sociétés Secrètes, p. 85.
181. History of the Assassins, p. 80.
182. F. T. B. Clevel, Histoire Pittoresque de la Franc-Maçonnerie, p. 356 (1843).
183. Loiseleur, op. cit., p. 66
184. Ibid., p. 143.
185. Ibid., p. 141.
186. "Dixit sibi quod non crederet in eum, quia nichil erat, et quod erat quidam falsus propheta, et nichil valebat; immo crederet in Deum Celi superiorem, qui poterat salvare."--Michelet, Procès des Templiers, II. 404. Cf. ibid., p. 384: "Quidem falsus propheta est; credas solummodo in Deum Celi, et non in istum."
187. Loiseleur, op. cit., p. 37.
188. Raynouard, op. cit., p. 301.
189. Wilhelm Ferdinand Wilcke, Geschichte des Tempelherrenordens, II, 302-12, (1827).
190. Eliphas Lévi, Histoire de la Magie, p. 273.
191. J.M. Ragon, Cours Philosophique et Interprétatif des Initiations anciennes et modernes, édition sacrée à l'usage des Loges et des Maçons SEULEMENT (5,842), p. 37. In a footnote on the same page Ragon, however, refers to John the Baptist in this connexion.
192. J. B. Fabré Palaprat, Recherches historiques sur les Templiers, p. 31 (1835).
193. Ibid., p. 37.
194. Eliphas Lévi, Histoire de la Magie, p. 277.
195. Eliphas Lévi, La Science des Esprits, pp. 26-9, 40, 41.
196. Raynouard, op. cit., p. 281.
197. Matter, Histoire du Gnosticisme, III. 330.
198. Eliphas Lévi, Histoire de la Magie, p. 275.
199. M. Grégoire, Histoire des Sectes religieuses. II. 407 (1828).
200. Matter, Histoire du Gnosticisme, III. 323.
201. Ibid., III. p. 120.
202. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Mandæans.
203. Grégoire, op. cit., IV. 241.
204. Jewish Encyclopædia, and Hastings' Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, article on Mandæans.
205. Codex Nasaræus, Liber Adam appellatus, trans. from the Syriac into Latin by Matth. Norberg (1815), Vol. I. 109: "Sed, Johanne hae ætate Hierosolymæ nato, Jordanumque deinceps legente, et baptismum peragente, veniet Jeschu Messias, summisse se gerens, ut baptismo Johannis baptizetur, et Johannis per sapientiam sapiat. Pervertet vero doctrinam Johannis, et mutato Jordani baptismo, perversisque justitiæ dictis, iniquitatem et perfidiam per mundum disseminabit."
206. Article on the Codex Nasaræus by Silvestre de Sacy in the Journal des Savants for November 1819, p. 651; cf. passage in the Zohar, section Bereschith, folio 55.
207. Matter, op. cit., III. 119, 120. De Sacy (op. cit., p. 654) also attributes the Codex Nasaræus to the eighth century.
208. Matter, op. cit., III. 118.
209. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Mandæans.
210. Loiseleur, op. cit., p. 52.
211. Ibid., p. 51; Matter, op. cit., III. 305.
212. Hastings' Encyclopædia, article on Bogomils.
213. The Sabbatic goat is clearly of Jewish origin. Thus the Zohar relates that "Tradition teaches us that when the Israelites evoked evil spirits, these appeared to them under the form of he-goats and made known to them all that they wished to learn."--Section Ahre Moth, folio 70a (de Pauly, V. 191).
214. Eliphas Lévi, Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie, II. 209.
215. Some Notes on various Gnostic Sects and their Possible Influence on Free-masonry, by D.F. Ranking, reprinted from A.Q.C., Vol. XXIV. pp. 27, 28
216. "Their meetings were held in the most convenient spot, often on mountains or in valleys; the only essentials were a table, a white cloth, and a copy of the Gospel of St. John, that is, their own version of it."--Dr. Ranking, op. cit., p. 15 (A.Q.C., Vol. XXIV.). Cf. Gabriele Rossetti, The Anti-Papal Spirit, I. 230, where it is said "the sacred books, and especially that of St. John, were wrested by this sect into strange and perverted meanings."
217. Michelet, Histoire de France, III. 18, 19 (1879 edition).
218. Michelet, op. cit., p. 10. "L'élément sémitique, juif et arabe, était fort en Languedoc." Cf. A.E. Waite, The Secret Tradition in Freemasonry, I. 118: "The South of France was a centre from which went forth much of the base occultism of Jewry as well as its theosophical dreams."
219. Michelet, op. cit., p. 12.
220. Ibid., p. 15.
221. Graetz, History of the Jews, III. 517.
222. Thus Hastings' Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics omits all reference to Satanism before 1880 and observes: "The evidence of the existence of either Satanists or Palladists consists entirely of the writings of a group of men in Paris." It then proceeds to devote five columns out of the six and a half which compose the article to describing the works of two notorious romancers, Léo Taxil and Bataille. There is not a word of real information to be found here.
223. Précis of Eliphas Lévi's writings by Arthur E. Waite, The Mysteries of Magic, p. 215.
224. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala.
225. Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie, II. 220 (1861). It is curious to notice that Sir James Frazer, in his vast compendium on magic, The Golden Bough, never once refers to any of the higher adepts--Jews, Rosicrucians, Satanists, etc., or to the Cabala as a source of inspiration. The whole subject is treated as if the cult of magic were the spontaneous outcome of primitive or peasant mentality.
226. Histoire de la Magie, p. 289.
227. Talmud, treatise Berakhoth, folio 6. The Talmud also gives directions on the manner of guarding against occult powers and the onslaught of disease. The tract Pesachim declares that he who stands naked before a candle is liable to be seized with epilepsy. The same tract also states that "a man should not go out alone on the night following the fourth day or on the night following the Sabbath, because an evil spirit, called Agrath, the daughter of Ma'hlath, together with one hundred and eighty thousand other evil spirits, go forth into the world and have the right to injure anyone they should chance to meet."
228. Talmud, treatise Hullin, folios 143, 144.
229. Hastings' Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, article on Jewish Magic by M. Caster.
230. Margaret Alice Murray, The Witch Cult in Western Europe, and Jules Garinet, Histoire de la Magie en France, p. 163 (1818).
231. Hastings' Encyclopædia, article on Jewish Magic by M. Gaster. See the Zohar, treatise Bereschith, folio 54b, where it is said that all men are visited in their sleep by female devils. "These demons never appear under any other form but that of human beings, but they have no hair on their heads.... In the same way as to men, male devils appear in dreams to women, with whom they have intercourse."
232. The Rev. Moses Margoliouth, The History of the Jews in Great Britain, I. 82. The same author relates further on (p. 304) that Queen Elizabeth's Hebrew physician Rodrigo Lopez was accused of trying to poison her and died a victim of persecution.
233. The Rev. Moses Margoliouth, The History of the Jews in Great Britain, I. 83.
234. Hastings' Encyclopædia, article on Teutonic Magic by F. Hälsig.
235. Talmud, tract Sabbath.
236. Hermann L. Strack, The Jews and Human Sacrifice, Eng. trans., pp. 140, 141 (1900).
237. See pages 215 and 216 of The Mysteries of Magic, by A.E. Waite.
238. See also A.S. Turberville, Mediæval Heresy and the Inquisition, pp. 111-12 (1920), ending with the words: "The voluminous records of the holy tribunal, the learned treatises of its members, are the great repositories of the true and indisputable facts concerning the abominable heresies of sorcery and witchcraft."
239. Histoire de la Magie, p. 15.
240. The Mysteries of Magic, p. 221.
241. A.E. Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians, p. 293.
242. Histoire de la Magie, p. 266.
243. John Yarker, The Arcane Schools, p. 205.
244. Drach (De l'Harmonie entre l'Église et la Synagogue, II. p. 30) says that Pico della Mirandola paid a Jew 7,000 ducats for the Cabalistic MSS. from which he drew his thesis.
245. Jewish Encyclopædia, articles on Cabala and Reuchlin.
246. Ibid., article on Cabala.
247. The following résumé is taken from the recent reprint of the Fama and Confessio brought out by the "Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia," and printed by W. J. Parrett (Margate, 1923). The story, which, owing to the extraordinary confusion of the text, is difficult to resume as a coherent narrative is given in the Fama; the dates are given in the Confessio.
248. Incidentally Paracelsus was not born until 1493, that is to say nine years after Christian Rosenkreutz is supposed to have died.
249. Nachtrag von weitern Originalschriften des Illuminatenordens Part II p. 148 (Munich, 1787).
250. Mackey, Lexicon of Freemasonry, p. 265.
251. Ibid., p. 150.
252. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Shabbethai Horowitz.
253. Mirabeau, Histoire de la Monarchie Prussienne, V. 76.
254. Lecouteulx de Canteleu, Les Sectes et Sociétés Secrètes, p. 97.
255. Eckert, La Franc-Maçonnerie dans sa véritable signification, II. 48.
256. A. E. Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians, p. 216.
257. "Traicté des Athéistes, Déistes, Illuminez d'Espagne et Nouveaux Prétendus Invisibles, dits de la Confrairie de la Croix-Rosaire, élevez depuis quelques années dans le Christianisme," forming the second part of the "Histoire Générale de Progrès et Décadence de l'Héréie Moderne--A la suite du Premier" de M. Florimond de Raemond, Conseiller du Roy, etc.
258. See G.M. Trevelyan, England under the Stuarts, pp. 32, 33, and James Howell, Familiar Letters (edition of 1753), pp. 49, 435. James Holwell was clerk to the Privy Council of Charles I.
259. Th.-Louis Latour, Princesses, Dames el Adventurières du Règne de Louis XIV, p. 278 (Eugène Figutère, Paris, 1923).
260. Ibid., p. 297.
261. Ibid., p. 306.
262. Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, Vol. XXI. p. 129 (1785 edition); Biographie Michaud, article on Glaser.
263. This assertion finds confirmation in the Encyclopædia Britannica, article on the Rosicrucians, which states: "In no sense are modern Rosicrucians derived from the Fraternity of the seventeenth century."
264. Jewish Encyclopædia, article on the Cabala.
265. A Free Mason's Answer to the Suspected Author of a Pamphlet entitled "Jachin and Boaz," or an Authentic Key to Freemasonry, p. 10 (1762).
266. Quoted by R.F. Gould, History of Freemasonry, I. 5, 6.
267. Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man, p. 1 (1910).
268. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, XXXII. Part I. p. 47.
269. Preston's Illustrations of Masonry, pp. 143, 147, 153 (1804).
270. John Yarker, The Arcane Schools, pp. 269, 327, 329.
271. Published in the Essai sur la Secte des Illuminés by the Marquis de Luchet, p. 236 (1792 edition).
272. Brother Chalmers Paton, The Origin of Freemasonry: the 1717 Theory Exploded, quoting ancient charges preserved in a MS. in possession of the Lodge of Antiquity in London, written in the reign of James II, but "supposed to be really of much more ancient date."
273. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, XXV. p. 240, paper by J.E.S. Tuckett on Dr. Rawlinson and the Masonic Entries in Elias Ashmole's Diary, with facsimile of entry in Diary which is preserved in the Bodleian Library (Ashmole MS. 1136, fol. 19).
274. Yarker, The Arcane Schools, p. 383.
275. Preston's Illustrations of Masonry, p. 208 (1804).
276. The Origins of Freemasonry: the 1717 Theory Exploded.
277. The Rev. G. Oliver, The Historical Landmarks of Freemasonry, pp. 55, 57, 62, 318 (1845).
278. Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man, p. 185 (1910).
279. Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man, p. 8 (1910).
280. Ibid., p. 7. The German Freemason Findel disagrees with both the Roman Collegia and the Egypt theory, and, like the Abbé Grandidier, indicates the Steinmetzen of the fifteenth century as the real progenitors of the Order: "All attempts to trace the history of Freemasonry farther back than the Middle Ages have been ... failures, and placing the origin of the Fraternity in the mysteries of Egypt ... must be rejected as a wild and untenable hypothesis."--History of Freemasonry (Eng. trans.), p. 25.
281. Dr. Oliver and Dr. Mackey thus refer to true and spurious Masonry, the former descending from Noah, through Shem, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses to Solomon--hence the appellation of Noachites sometimes applied to Freemasons--the latter from Cain and the Gymnosophists of India to Egypt and Greece. They add that a union between the two took place at the time of the building of the Temple of Solomon through Hiram Abiff, who was a member of both, being by birth a Jew and artificer of Tyre, and from this union Freemasonry descends. According to Mackey, therefore, Jewish Masonry is the true form.--A Lexicon of Freemasonry, pp. 323-5; Oliver's Historical Landmarks of Freemasonry, I. 60.
282. Rev. G. Oliver, The Historical Landmarks of Freemasonry, pp. 55, 57 (1845).