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Sheep, Swine, and Poultry / Embracing the History and Varieties of Each; The Best Modes of Breeding; Their Feeding and Management; Together with etc. cover

Sheep, Swine, and Poultry / Embracing the History and Varieties of Each; The Best Modes of Breeding; Their Feeding and Management; Together with etc.

Chapter 1: PREFACE.
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About This Book

The work is a practical compendium for raising sheep, swine, and poultry, combining breed histories and descriptions with guidance on breeding, feeding, housing, and routine management. It surveys anatomy and wool, skin, and tooth structures where relevant, outlines principles of selection and crossing, and offers detailed husbandry techniques such as lambing and farrowing care, winter and pasture feeding, and facility design. A substantial disease section describes common ailments, diagnostics, and farm-tested remedies and procedures. Numerous illustrations and concise, nontechnical language aim to make the material accessible to ordinary farmers and smallholders.

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Title: Sheep, Swine, and Poultry

Author: Robert Jennings

Release date: March 19, 2012 [eBook #39205]

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Steven Giacomelli, Harry Lamé and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images produced by Core Historical
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHEEP, SWINE, AND POULTRY ***

SHEEP, SWINE, AND POULTRY;

EMBRACING

THE HISTORY AND VARIETIES OF EACH; THE BEST MODES OF
BREEDING; THEIR FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT; TO-
GETHER WITH THE DISEASES TO WHICH THEY
ARE RESPECTIVELY SUBJECT, AND THE
APPROPRIATE REMEDIES
FOR EACH.

BY ROBERT JENNINGS, V. S.,

PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY IN THE VETERINARY COLLEGE OF PHILA-
DELPHIA; LATE PROFESSOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
OF OHIO; SECRETARY OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION OF PHILA-
DELPHIA; AUTHOR OF “THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,”
“CATTLE AND THEIR DISEASES,” ETC., ETC.

With Numerous Illustrations.

PHILADELPHIA:

John E. Potter and Company.

617 Sansom Street


Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by

JOHN E. POTTER,

In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania.


PREFACE.

Encouraged by the favorable reception of his former works, the author presents in the following pages what is intended by him as a popular compendium relative to Sheep, Swine, and Poultry.

It would not have been a difficult matter to collect material bearing upon each distinct class sufficient for an entire volume of the present size. Indeed, the main trouble experienced has been the selecting of such facts and suggestions only as seemed to him of paramount practical importance. He has not deemed it advisable to cumber his work with items of information which could be of service to particular sections and localities only; but has rather endeavored to present, in a concise, yet comprehensible shape, whatever is essential to be understood concerning the animals in question.

The amateur stock-raiser and the wealthy farmer will, of course, call to their aid all the works, no matter how expensive or voluminous, which are to be found bearing upon the subject in which they are for the time interested. The present volume can scarcely be expected to fill the niche which such might desire to see occupied.

The author’s experience as a veterinary surgeon among the great body of our farmers convinces him that what is needed by them in the premises is a treatise, of convenient size, containing the essential features of the treatment and management of each, couched in language free from technicality or rarely scientific expressions, and fortified by the results of actual experience upon the farm.

Such a place the author trusts this work may occupy. He hopes that, while it shall not be entirely destitute of interest for any, it will prove acceptable, in a peculiar degree, to that numerous and thrifty class of citizens to which allusion has already been made.

The importance of such a work cannot be overrated. Take the subject of sheep for example: the steadily growing demand for woollen goods of every description is producing a great and lucrative development of the wool trade. Even light fabrics of wool are now extensively preferred throughout the country to those of cotton. Our imports of wool from England during the past six years have increased at an almost incredible rate, while our productions of the article during the past few years greatly exceed that of the same period in any portion of our history.

Relative to swine, moreover, it may be said that they form so considerable an item of our commerce that a thorough information as to the best mode of raising and caring for them is highly desirable; while our domestic poultry contribute so much, directly and indirectly, to the comfort and partial subsistence of hundreds of thousands, that sensible views touching that division will be of service in almost every household.

To those who are familiar with the author’s previous works upon the Horse and Cattle, it is needless to say any thing as to the method adopted by him in discussing the subject of Diseases. To others he would say, that only such diseases are described as are likely to be actually encountered, and such curatives recommended as his own personal experience, or that of others upon whose judgment he relies, has satisfied him are rational and valuable.

The following works, among others, have been consulted: Randall’s Sheep Husbandry; Youatt on Sheep; Goodale’s Breeding of Domestic Animals; Allen’s Domestic Animals; Stephens’s Book of the Farm; Youatt on the Hog; Richardson on the Hog; Dixon and Kerr’s Ornamental and Domestic Poultry; Bennett’s Poultry Book; and Browne’s American Poultry Yard.

To those professional brethren who have so courteously furnished him with valuable information, growing out of their own observation and practice, he acknowledges himself especially indebted; and were he certain that they would not take offence, he would be pleased to mention them here by name.

Should the work prove of service to our intelligent American farmers and stock-breeders as a body, the author’s end will have been attained.


CONTENTS.

 
SHEEP AND THEIR DISEASES.
 
PAGE  
HISTORY AND VARIETIES 15  
  American Sheep 21  
  Native Sheep 22  
  The Spanish Merino 25  
  The Saxon Merino 36  
  The New Leicester 41  
  The South-Down 47  
  The Cotswold 52  
  The Cheviot 54  
  The Lincoln 56  
  Natural History of the Sheep 57  
  Formation of the Teeth 59  
  Structure of the Skin 63  
  Anatomy of the Wool 64  
  Long Wool 76  
  Middle Wool 78  
  Short Wool 80  
 
CROSSING AND BREEDING 81  
  Breeding 81  
  Points of the Merino 93  
  Breeding Merinos 97  
  General Principles of Breeding 106  
  Use of Rams 112  
  Lambing 117  
  Management of Lambs 121  
  Castration and Docking 127  
 
FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT 129  
  Feeding 129  
  Shade 133  
  Fences 133  
  Hoppling 133  
  Dangerous Rams 134  
  Prairie Feeding 135  
  Fall Feeding 137  
  Winter Feeding 137  
  Feeding with other Stock 142  
  Division of Flocks 142  
  Regularity in Feeding 143  
  Effect of Food 144  
  Yards 146  
  Feeding-Racks 147  
  Troughs 150  
  Barns and Sheds 151  
  Sheds 155  
  Hay-Holder 156  
  Tagging 157  
  Washing 160  
  Cutting the Hoofs 165  
  Shearing 166  
  Cold Storms 171  
  Sun-Scald 171  
  Ticks 171  
  Marking or Branding 172  
  Maggots 173  
  Shortening the Horns 174  
  Selection and Division 174  
  The Crook 176  
  Driving and Slaughtering 177  
  Driving 177  
  Points of Fat Sheep 181  
  Slaughtering 184  
  Cutting Up 186  
  Relative qualities 187  
  Contributions to Manufactures 191  
 
DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 195  
  Administering Medicine 197  
  Bleeding 197  
  Feeling the Pulse 199  
  Apoplexy 200  
  Braxy 201  
  Bronchitis 201  
  Catarrh 202  
  Malignant Epizoötic Catarrh 203  
  Colic 205  
  Costiveness 206  
  Diarrhœa 206  
  Disease of the Biflex Canal 207  
  Dysentery 208  
  Flies 209  
  Fouls 209  
  Fractures 210  
  Garget 211  
  Goitre 211  
  Grub in the Head 212  
  Hoof-Ail 214  
  Hoove 225  
  Hydatid on the Brain 226  
  Obstruction of the Gullet 228  
  Ophthalmia 229  
  Palsy 229  
  Pelt-Rot 230  
  Pneumonia 230  
  Poison 233  
  Rot 233  
  Scab 236  
  Small-Pox 239  
  Sore Face 242  
  Sore Mouth 243  
  Ticks 243  
 
ILLUSTRATIONS.
 
  A Leicester Ram 15  
  Rocky Mountain Sheep 19  
  A Merino Ram 25  
  A Spanish Sheep-Dog 28  
  Out at Pasture 35  
  A Country Scene 41  
  A South-Down Ram 47  
  The Cotswold 52  
  A Cheviot Ewe 54  
  Skeleton of the Sheep as Covered by the Muscles 57  
  The Wallachian Sheep 64  
  The Happy Trio 81  
  The Scotch Sheep-Dog or Colley 100  
  Ewe and Lambs 117  
  Feeding and Management 129  
  A Covered Salting-Box 130  
  A Convenient Box-Rack 147  
  A Hole-Rack 148  
  The Hopper-Rack 150  
  An Economical Sheep-Trough 151  
  Sheep-Barn with Sheds 152  
  A Shed of Rails 155  
  Washing Apparatus 162  
  Toe-nippers 166  
  Fleece 167  
  Shepherd’s Crook 176  
  The Shepherd and his Flock 179  
  Drover’s or Butcher’s Dog 185  
  Quiet Enjoyment 195  
  An English Rack for Feeding Sheep 203  
  A Barrack for Storing Sheep Fodder 228  
  The Broad-tailed Sheep 236  
 
CONTENTS.
SWINE AND THEIR DISEASES.
 
HISTORY AND BREEDS 245 (7)
  American Swine 254 (16)
  The Byefield 256 (18)
  The Bedford 256 (18)
  The Leicester 257 (19)
  The Yorkshire 257 (19)
  The Chinese 258 (20)
  The Suffolk 260 (22)
  The Berkshire 261 (23)
  Natural History of the Hog 263 (25)
  Formation of the Teeth 265 (27)
 
BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT 267 (29)
  Breeding 267 (29)
  Points of a Good Hog 274 (36)
  Treatment during Pregnancy 276 (38)
  Abortion 277 (39)
  Parturition 279 (41)
  Treatment while Suckling 282 (44)
  Treatment of Young Pigs 283 (45)
  Castration 284 (46)
  Spaying 286 (48)
  Weaning 287 (49)
  Ringing 289 (51)
  Feeding and Fattening 290 (52)
  Piggeries 295 (57)
  Slaughtering 298 (60)
  Pickling and Curing 300 (62)
  Value of the Carcass 304 (66)
 
DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 307 (69)
  Catching the Pig 308 (70)
  Bleeding 309 (71)
  Drenching 310 (72)
  Catarrh 310 (72)
  Cholera 311 (73)
  Crackings 314 (76)
  Diarrhœa 314 (76)
  Fever 315 (77)
  Foul Skin 317 (79)
  Inflammation of the Lungs 317 (79)
  Jaundice 318 (80)
  Leprosy 319 (81)
  Lethargy 319 (81)
  Mange 320 (82)
  Measles 322 (84)
  Murrain 323 (85)
  Quinsy 323 (85)
  Staggers 323 (85)
  Swelling of the Spleen 323 (85)
  Surfeit 325 (87)
  Tumors 325 (87)
 
ILLUSTRATIONS.
 
  The Wild Boar 245 (7)
  The Wild Boar at Bay 252 (14)
  The Chinese Hog 259 (21)
  The Suffolk 260 (22)
  A Berkshire Boar 261 (23)
  Skeleton of the Hog as Covered by the Muscles 263 (25)
  The Old Country Well 267 (29)
  Wild Hogs 279 (41)
  The Old English Hog 299 (61)
  A Wicked-Looking Specimen 307 (69)
  Hunting The Wild Boar 315 (77)
 
CONTENTS.
 
POULTRY AND THEIR DISEASES.
 
HISTORY AND VARIETIES 327 (7)
  The Domestic Fowl 327 (7)
  The Bantam 330 (10)
  The African Bantam 331 (11)
  The Bolton Gray 333 (13)
  The Blue Dun 334 (14)
  The Chittagong 335 (15)
  The Cochin China 336 (16)
  The Cuckoo 339 (19)
  The Dominique 340 (20)
  The Dorking 340 (20)
  The Fawn-colored Dorking 343 (23)
  The Black Dorking 343 (23)
  The Dunghill Fowl 344 (24)
  The Frizzled Fowl 344 (24)
  The Game Fowl 345 (25)
  The Mexican Hen-Cock 347 (27)
  The Wild Indian Game 348 (28)
  The Spanish Game 348 (28)
  The Guelderland 349 (29)
  The Spangled Hamburgh 350 (30)
  The Golden Spangled 350 (30)
  The Silver Spangled 351 (31)
  The Java 352 (32)
  The Jersey-Blue 352 (32)
  The Lark-Crested Fowl 352 (32)
  The Malay 354 (34)
  The Pheasant-Malay 356 (36)
  The Plymouth Rock 357 (37)
  The Poland 358 (38)
  The Black Polish 360 (40)
  The Golden Polands 361 (41)
  The Silver Polands 363 (43)
  The Black-topped White 364 (44)
  The Shanghae 364 (44)
  The White Shanghae 367 (47)
  The Silver Pheasant 368 (48)
  The Spanish 369 (49)
  Natural History of Domestic Fowls 372 (52)
  The Guinea Fowl 378 (58)
  The Pea Fowl 381 (61)
  The Turkey 386 (66)
  The Wild Turkey 386 (66)
  The Domestic Turkey 391 (71)
  The Duck 394 (74)
  The Wild Duck 396 (76)
  The Domestic Duck 398 (78)
  The Goose 402 (82)
  The Wild Goose 402 (82)
  The Domestic Goose 404 (84)
  The Bernacle Goose 407 (87)
  The Bremen Goose 409 (89)
  The Brent Goose 410 (90)
  The China Goose 411 (91)
  The White China 413 (93)
  The Egyptian Goose 414 (94)
  The Java Goose 415 (95)
  The Toulouse Goose 415 (95)
  The White-fronted Goose 416 (96)
  The Anatomy of the Egg 417 (97)
 
BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT 421 (101)
  Breeding 421 (101)
  High Breeding 422 (102)
  Selection of Stock 429 (109)
  Feeding 432 (112)
  Bran 435 (115)
  Millet 436 (116)
  Rice 436 (116)
  Potatoes 436 (116)
  Green Food 437 (117)
  Earth-Worms 437 (117)
  Animal Food 438 (118)
  Insects 439 (119)
  Laying 439 (119)
  Preservation of Eggs 443 (123)
  Choice of Eggs for Setting 446 (126)
  Incubation 449 (129)
  Incubation of Turkeys 453 (133)
  Incubation of Geese 454 (134)
  Rearing of the Young 455 (135)
  Rearing of Guinea Fowls 458 (138)
  Rearing of Turkeys 459 (139)
  Rearing of Ducklings 461 (141)
  Rearing of Goslings 463 (143)
  Caponizing 464 (144)
  Fattening and Slaughtering 468 (148)
  Slaughtering and Dressing 472 (152)
  Poultry-Houses 474 (154)
 
DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 478 (158)
  Asthma 479 (159)
  Costiveness 480 (160)
  Diarrhœa 481 (161)
  Fever 482 (162)
  Indigestion 482 (162)
  Lice 483 (163)
  Loss of Feathers 485 (165)
  Pip 485 (165)
  Roup 488 (168)
  Wounds and Sores 490 (170)
 
ILLUSTRATIONS.
 
  Varieties of Fowl 327 (7)
  The Bantam 331 (11)
  Bantam 332 (12)
  Bolton Grays or Creole Fowl 333 (13)
  Cochin Chinas 337 (17)
  White Dorkings 341 (21)
  Gray Game Fowls 346 (26)
  Guelderlands 349 (29)
  Hamburgh Fowls 350 (30)
  Malays 354 (34)
  Poland Fowls 359 (39)
  Shanghaes 365 (45)
  White Shanghaes 367 (47)
  Spanish Fowls 369 (49)
  The Guinea Fowl 379 (59)
  The Pea Fowl 382 (62)
  The Wild Turkey 386 (66)
  The Domestic Turkey 392 (72)
  The Eider Duck 395 (75)
  Wild Duck 397 (77)
  Rouen Duck 399 (79)
  Wild or Canada Goose 403 (83)
  A Bremen Goose 409 (89)
  China or Hong Kong Goose 411 (91)
  Barnyard Scene 421 (101)
  Fighting Cocks 429 (109)
  On the Watch 439 (119)
  Marquee Or Tent-shaped Coops 456 (136)
  Duck-Pond and Houses 461 (141)
  A Bad Style of Slaughtering 468 (148)
  Rustic Poultry-House 475 (155)
  A Fancy Coop in Chinese or Gothic Style 476 (156)
  Among the Straw 478 (158)
  Prairie Hens 483 (163)
  Swans 488 (168)