The Project Gutenberg eBook of Sheep, Swine, and Poultry
Title: Sheep, Swine, and Poultry
Author: Robert Jennings
Release date: March 19, 2012 [eBook #39205]
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Steven Giacomelli, Harry Lamé and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images produced by Core Historical
Literature in Agriculture (CHLA), Cornell University)
SHEEP, SWINE, AND POULTRY;
EMBRACING
THE HISTORY AND VARIETIES OF EACH; THE BEST MODES OF
BREEDING; THEIR FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT; TO-
GETHER WITH THE DISEASES TO WHICH THEY
ARE RESPECTIVELY SUBJECT, AND THE
APPROPRIATE REMEDIES
FOR EACH.
BY ROBERT JENNINGS, V. S.,
PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY IN THE VETERINARY COLLEGE OF PHILA-
DELPHIA; LATE PROFESSOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
OF OHIO; SECRETARY OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION OF PHILA-
DELPHIA; AUTHOR OF “THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES,”
“CATTLE AND THEIR DISEASES,” ETC., ETC.
With Numerous Illustrations.
PHILADELPHIA:
John E. Potter and Company.
617 Sansom Street
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by
JOHN E. POTTER,
In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States, in and
for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania.
PREFACE.
Encouraged by the favorable reception of his former works, the author presents in the following pages what is intended by him as a popular compendium relative to Sheep, Swine, and Poultry.
It would not have been a difficult matter to collect material bearing upon each distinct class sufficient for an entire volume of the present size. Indeed, the main trouble experienced has been the selecting of such facts and suggestions only as seemed to him of paramount practical importance. He has not deemed it advisable to cumber his work with items of information which could be of service to particular sections and localities only; but has rather endeavored to present, in a concise, yet comprehensible shape, whatever is essential to be understood concerning the animals in question.
The amateur stock-raiser and the wealthy farmer will, of course, call to their aid all the works, no matter how expensive or voluminous, which are to be found bearing upon the subject in which they are for the time interested. The present volume can scarcely be expected to fill the niche which such might desire to see occupied.
The author’s experience as a veterinary surgeon among the great body of our farmers convinces him that what is needed by them in the premises is a treatise, of convenient size, containing the essential features of the treatment and management of each, couched in language free from technicality or rarely scientific expressions, and fortified by the results of actual experience upon the farm.
Such a place the author trusts this work may occupy. He hopes that, while it shall not be entirely destitute of interest for any, it will prove acceptable, in a peculiar degree, to that numerous and thrifty class of citizens to which allusion has already been made.
The importance of such a work cannot be overrated. Take the subject of sheep for example: the steadily growing demand for woollen goods of every description is producing a great and lucrative development of the wool trade. Even light fabrics of wool are now extensively preferred throughout the country to those of cotton. Our imports of wool from England during the past six years have increased at an almost incredible rate, while our productions of the article during the past few years greatly exceed that of the same period in any portion of our history.
Relative to swine, moreover, it may be said that they form so considerable an item of our commerce that a thorough information as to the best mode of raising and caring for them is highly desirable; while our domestic poultry contribute so much, directly and indirectly, to the comfort and partial subsistence of hundreds of thousands, that sensible views touching that division will be of service in almost every household.
To those who are familiar with the author’s previous works upon the Horse and Cattle, it is needless to say any thing as to the method adopted by him in discussing the subject of Diseases. To others he would say, that only such diseases are described as are likely to be actually encountered, and such curatives recommended as his own personal experience, or that of others upon whose judgment he relies, has satisfied him are rational and valuable.
The following works, among others, have been consulted: Randall’s Sheep Husbandry; Youatt on Sheep; Goodale’s Breeding of Domestic Animals; Allen’s Domestic Animals; Stephens’s Book of the Farm; Youatt on the Hog; Richardson on the Hog; Dixon and Kerr’s Ornamental and Domestic Poultry; Bennett’s Poultry Book; and Browne’s American Poultry Yard.
To those professional brethren who have so courteously furnished him with valuable information, growing out of their own observation and practice, he acknowledges himself especially indebted; and were he certain that they would not take offence, he would be pleased to mention them here by name.
Should the work prove of service to our intelligent American farmers and stock-breeders as a body, the author’s end will have been attained.
CONTENTS.
| SHEEP AND THEIR DISEASES. | |||
| PAGE | |||
| HISTORY AND VARIETIES | 15 | ||
| American Sheep | 21 | ||
| Native Sheep | 22 | ||
| The Spanish Merino | 25 | ||
| The Saxon Merino | 36 | ||
| The New Leicester | 41 | ||
| The South-Down | 47 | ||
| The Cotswold | 52 | ||
| The Cheviot | 54 | ||
| The Lincoln | 56 | ||
| Natural History of the Sheep | 57 | ||
| Formation of the Teeth | 59 | ||
| Structure of the Skin | 63 | ||
| Anatomy of the Wool | 64 | ||
| Long Wool | 76 | ||
| Middle Wool | 78 | ||
| Short Wool | 80 | ||
| CROSSING AND BREEDING | 81 | ||
| Breeding | 81 | ||
| Points of the Merino | 93 | ||
| Breeding Merinos | 97 | ||
| General Principles of Breeding | 106 | ||
| Use of Rams | 112 | ||
| Lambing | 117 | ||
| Management of Lambs | 121 | ||
| Castration and Docking | 127 | ||
| FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT | 129 | ||
| Feeding | 129 | ||
| Shade | 133 | ||
| Fences | 133 | ||
| Hoppling | 133 | ||
| Dangerous Rams | 134 | ||
| Prairie Feeding | 135 | ||
| Fall Feeding | 137 | ||
| Winter Feeding | 137 | ||
| Feeding with other Stock | 142 | ||
| Division of Flocks | 142 | ||
| Regularity in Feeding | 143 | ||
| Effect of Food | 144 | ||
| Yards | 146 | ||
| Feeding-Racks | 147 | ||
| Troughs | 150 | ||
| Barns and Sheds | 151 | ||
| Sheds | 155 | ||
| Hay-Holder | 156 | ||
| Tagging | 157 | ||
| Washing | 160 | ||
| Cutting the Hoofs | 165 | ||
| Shearing | 166 | ||
| Cold Storms | 171 | ||
| Sun-Scald | 171 | ||
| Ticks | 171 | ||
| Marking or Branding | 172 | ||
| Maggots | 173 | ||
| Shortening the Horns | 174 | ||
| Selection and Division | 174 | ||
| The Crook | 176 | ||
| Driving and Slaughtering | 177 | ||
| Driving | 177 | ||
| Points of Fat Sheep | 181 | ||
| Slaughtering | 184 | ||
| Cutting Up | 186 | ||
| Relative qualities | 187 | ||
| Contributions to Manufactures | 191 | ||
| DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES | 195 | ||
| Administering Medicine | 197 | ||
| Bleeding | 197 | ||
| Feeling the Pulse | 199 | ||
| Apoplexy | 200 | ||
| Braxy | 201 | ||
| Bronchitis | 201 | ||
| Catarrh | 202 | ||
| Malignant Epizoötic Catarrh | 203 | ||
| Colic | 205 | ||
| Costiveness | 206 | ||
| Diarrhœa | 206 | ||
| Disease of the Biflex Canal | 207 | ||
| Dysentery | 208 | ||
| Flies | 209 | ||
| Fouls | 209 | ||
| Fractures | 210 | ||
| Garget | 211 | ||
| Goitre | 211 | ||
| Grub in the Head | 212 | ||
| Hoof-Ail | 214 | ||
| Hoove | 225 | ||
| Hydatid on the Brain | 226 | ||
| Obstruction of the Gullet | 228 | ||
| Ophthalmia | 229 | ||
| Palsy | 229 | ||
| Pelt-Rot | 230 | ||
| Pneumonia | 230 | ||
| Poison | 233 | ||
| Rot | 233 | ||
| Scab | 236 | ||
| Small-Pox | 239 | ||
| Sore Face | 242 | ||
| Sore Mouth | 243 | ||
| Ticks | 243 | ||
| ILLUSTRATIONS. | |||
| A Leicester Ram | 15 | ||
| Rocky Mountain Sheep | 19 | ||
| A Merino Ram | 25 | ||
| A Spanish Sheep-Dog | 28 | ||
| Out at Pasture | 35 | ||
| A Country Scene | 41 | ||
| A South-Down Ram | 47 | ||
| The Cotswold | 52 | ||
| A Cheviot Ewe | 54 | ||
| Skeleton of the Sheep as Covered by the Muscles | 57 | ||
| The Wallachian Sheep | 64 | ||
| The Happy Trio | 81 | ||
| The Scotch Sheep-Dog or Colley | 100 | ||
| Ewe and Lambs | 117 | ||
| Feeding and Management | 129 | ||
| A Covered Salting-Box | 130 | ||
| A Convenient Box-Rack | 147 | ||
| A Hole-Rack | 148 | ||
| The Hopper-Rack | 150 | ||
| An Economical Sheep-Trough | 151 | ||
| Sheep-Barn with Sheds | 152 | ||
| A Shed of Rails | 155 | ||
| Washing Apparatus | 162 | ||
| Toe-nippers | 166 | ||
| Fleece | 167 | ||
| Shepherd’s Crook | 176 | ||
| The Shepherd and his Flock | 179 | ||
| Drover’s or Butcher’s Dog | 185 | ||
| Quiet Enjoyment | 195 | ||
| An English Rack for Feeding Sheep | 203 | ||
| A Barrack for Storing Sheep Fodder | 228 | ||
| The Broad-tailed Sheep | 236 | ||
| CONTENTS. | |||
| SWINE AND THEIR DISEASES. | |||
| HISTORY AND BREEDS | 245 | (7) | |
| American Swine | 254 | (16) | |
| The Byefield | 256 | (18) | |
| The Bedford | 256 | (18) | |
| The Leicester | 257 | (19) | |
| The Yorkshire | 257 | (19) | |
| The Chinese | 258 | (20) | |
| The Suffolk | 260 | (22) | |
| The Berkshire | 261 | (23) | |
| Natural History of the Hog | 263 | (25) | |
| Formation of the Teeth | 265 | (27) | |
| BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT | 267 | (29) | |
| Breeding | 267 | (29) | |
| Points of a Good Hog | 274 | (36) | |
| Treatment during Pregnancy | 276 | (38) | |
| Abortion | 277 | (39) | |
| Parturition | 279 | (41) | |
| Treatment while Suckling | 282 | (44) | |
| Treatment of Young Pigs | 283 | (45) | |
| Castration | 284 | (46) | |
| Spaying | 286 | (48) | |
| Weaning | 287 | (49) | |
| Ringing | 289 | (51) | |
| Feeding and Fattening | 290 | (52) | |
| Piggeries | 295 | (57) | |
| Slaughtering | 298 | (60) | |
| Pickling and Curing | 300 | (62) | |
| Value of the Carcass | 304 | (66) | |
| DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES | 307 | (69) | |
| Catching the Pig | 308 | (70) | |
| Bleeding | 309 | (71) | |
| Drenching | 310 | (72) | |
| Catarrh | 310 | (72) | |
| Cholera | 311 | (73) | |
| Crackings | 314 | (76) | |
| Diarrhœa | 314 | (76) | |
| Fever | 315 | (77) | |
| Foul Skin | 317 | (79) | |
| Inflammation of the Lungs | 317 | (79) | |
| Jaundice | 318 | (80) | |
| Leprosy | 319 | (81) | |
| Lethargy | 319 | (81) | |
| Mange | 320 | (82) | |
| Measles | 322 | (84) | |
| Murrain | 323 | (85) | |
| Quinsy | 323 | (85) | |
| Staggers | 323 | (85) | |
| Swelling of the Spleen | 323 | (85) | |
| Surfeit | 325 | (87) | |
| Tumors | 325 | (87) | |
| ILLUSTRATIONS. | |||
| The Wild Boar | 245 | (7) | |
| The Wild Boar at Bay | 252 | (14) | |
| The Chinese Hog | 259 | (21) | |
| The Suffolk | 260 | (22) | |
| A Berkshire Boar | 261 | (23) | |
| Skeleton of the Hog as Covered by the Muscles | 263 | (25) | |
| The Old Country Well | 267 | (29) | |
| Wild Hogs | 279 | (41) | |
| The Old English Hog | 299 | (61) | |
| A Wicked-Looking Specimen | 307 | (69) | |
| Hunting The Wild Boar | 315 | (77) | |
| CONTENTS. | |||
| POULTRY AND THEIR DISEASES. | |||
| HISTORY AND VARIETIES | 327 | (7) | |
| The Domestic Fowl | 327 | (7) | |
| The Bantam | 330 | (10) | |
| The African Bantam | 331 | (11) | |
| The Bolton Gray | 333 | (13) | |
| The Blue Dun | 334 | (14) | |
| The Chittagong | 335 | (15) | |
| The Cochin China | 336 | (16) | |
| The Cuckoo | 339 | (19) | |
| The Dominique | 340 | (20) | |
| The Dorking | 340 | (20) | |
| The Fawn-colored Dorking | 343 | (23) | |
| The Black Dorking | 343 | (23) | |
| The Dunghill Fowl | 344 | (24) | |
| The Frizzled Fowl | 344 | (24) | |
| The Game Fowl | 345 | (25) | |
| The Mexican Hen-Cock | 347 | (27) | |
| The Wild Indian Game | 348 | (28) | |
| The Spanish Game | 348 | (28) | |
| The Guelderland | 349 | (29) | |
| The Spangled Hamburgh | 350 | (30) | |
| The Golden Spangled | 350 | (30) | |
| The Silver Spangled | 351 | (31) | |
| The Java | 352 | (32) | |
| The Jersey-Blue | 352 | (32) | |
| The Lark-Crested Fowl | 352 | (32) | |
| The Malay | 354 | (34) | |
| The Pheasant-Malay | 356 | (36) | |
| The Plymouth Rock | 357 | (37) | |
| The Poland | 358 | (38) | |
| The Black Polish | 360 | (40) | |
| The Golden Polands | 361 | (41) | |
| The Silver Polands | 363 | (43) | |
| The Black-topped White | 364 | (44) | |
| The Shanghae | 364 | (44) | |
| The White Shanghae | 367 | (47) | |
| The Silver Pheasant | 368 | (48) | |
| The Spanish | 369 | (49) | |
| Natural History of Domestic Fowls | 372 | (52) | |
| The Guinea Fowl | 378 | (58) | |
| The Pea Fowl | 381 | (61) | |
| The Turkey | 386 | (66) | |
| The Wild Turkey | 386 | (66) | |
| The Domestic Turkey | 391 | (71) | |
| The Duck | 394 | (74) | |
| The Wild Duck | 396 | (76) | |
| The Domestic Duck | 398 | (78) | |
| The Goose | 402 | (82) | |
| The Wild Goose | 402 | (82) | |
| The Domestic Goose | 404 | (84) | |
| The Bernacle Goose | 407 | (87) | |
| The Bremen Goose | 409 | (89) | |
| The Brent Goose | 410 | (90) | |
| The China Goose | 411 | (91) | |
| The White China | 413 | (93) | |
| The Egyptian Goose | 414 | (94) | |
| The Java Goose | 415 | (95) | |
| The Toulouse Goose | 415 | (95) | |
| The White-fronted Goose | 416 | (96) | |
| The Anatomy of the Egg | 417 | (97) | |
| BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT | 421 | (101) | |
| Breeding | 421 | (101) | |
| High Breeding | 422 | (102) | |
| Selection of Stock | 429 | (109) | |
| Feeding | 432 | (112) | |
| Bran | 435 | (115) | |
| Millet | 436 | (116) | |
| Rice | 436 | (116) | |
| Potatoes | 436 | (116) | |
| Green Food | 437 | (117) | |
| Earth-Worms | 437 | (117) | |
| Animal Food | 438 | (118) | |
| Insects | 439 | (119) | |
| Laying | 439 | (119) | |
| Preservation of Eggs | 443 | (123) | |
| Choice of Eggs for Setting | 446 | (126) | |
| Incubation | 449 | (129) | |
| Incubation of Turkeys | 453 | (133) | |
| Incubation of Geese | 454 | (134) | |
| Rearing of the Young | 455 | (135) | |
| Rearing of Guinea Fowls | 458 | (138) | |
| Rearing of Turkeys | 459 | (139) | |
| Rearing of Ducklings | 461 | (141) | |
| Rearing of Goslings | 463 | (143) | |
| Caponizing | 464 | (144) | |
| Fattening and Slaughtering | 468 | (148) | |
| Slaughtering and Dressing | 472 | (152) | |
| Poultry-Houses | 474 | (154) | |
| DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES | 478 | (158) | |
| Asthma | 479 | (159) | |
| Costiveness | 480 | (160) | |
| Diarrhœa | 481 | (161) | |
| Fever | 482 | (162) | |
| Indigestion | 482 | (162) | |
| Lice | 483 | (163) | |
| Loss of Feathers | 485 | (165) | |
| Pip | 485 | (165) | |
| Roup | 488 | (168) | |
| Wounds and Sores | 490 | (170) | |
| ILLUSTRATIONS. | |||
| Varieties of Fowl | 327 | (7) | |
| The Bantam | 331 | (11) | |
| Bantam | 332 | (12) | |
| Bolton Grays or Creole Fowl | 333 | (13) | |
| Cochin Chinas | 337 | (17) | |
| White Dorkings | 341 | (21) | |
| Gray Game Fowls | 346 | (26) | |
| Guelderlands | 349 | (29) | |
| Hamburgh Fowls | 350 | (30) | |
| Malays | 354 | (34) | |
| Poland Fowls | 359 | (39) | |
| Shanghaes | 365 | (45) | |
| White Shanghaes | 367 | (47) | |
| Spanish Fowls | 369 | (49) | |
| The Guinea Fowl | 379 | (59) | |
| The Pea Fowl | 382 | (62) | |
| The Wild Turkey | 386 | (66) | |
| The Domestic Turkey | 392 | (72) | |
| The Eider Duck | 395 | (75) | |
| Wild Duck | 397 | (77) | |
| Rouen Duck | 399 | (79) | |
| Wild or Canada Goose | 403 | (83) | |
| A Bremen Goose | 409 | (89) | |
| China or Hong Kong Goose | 411 | (91) | |
| Barnyard Scene | 421 | (101) | |
| Fighting Cocks | 429 | (109) | |
| On the Watch | 439 | (119) | |
| Marquee Or Tent-shaped Coops | 456 | (136) | |
| Duck-Pond and Houses | 461 | (141) | |
| A Bad Style of Slaughtering | 468 | (148) | |
| Rustic Poultry-House | 475 | (155) | |
| A Fancy Coop in Chinese or Gothic Style | 476 | (156) | |
| Among the Straw | 478 | (158) | |
| Prairie Hens | 483 | (163) | |
| Swans | 488 | (168) | |