Some Problems of the Peace Conference

INDEX

Aabenraa, 42.
Adrianople, 266.
Adriatic question, the, 225, 244-262.
Adriatic Sea, the, 206, 225, 268.
Adriatic territories, 213, 244-262, 280f.
Adriatic-Transbalkan railway, proposed, 280.
Aegean Sea, the, 266, 268, 278, 283, 284, 287.
Africa, 9.
Agram, 248, 257.
Albania, 265, 278-281, 290.
Albanians, 268, 278-281.
Albert of Hohenzollern, first duke of Prussia (1525-68), 162.
Alexander Karageorgevich, prince regent of Serbia, 269f.
Alexandria, 182.
Alföld, plain of the, 231, 232.
Alpine racial type, the, 16, 86, 87, 119.
Alps, the, 20, 211, 222, 225, 244, 268.
Alsace, 12, 16, 76, 77, 78f., 87, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 101, 117,119, 120, 123, 133.
See Alsace-Lorraine.
Alsace-Lorraine, 17, 29, 75-116, 132, 134, 136, 139, 150, 187, 267, 279.
American Geographical Society, the, 23.
Amsterdam, 63.
Anarchy, 5f., 204.
Antwerp, 54, 62, 63, 65.
Arc de Triomphe, the, 4.
Argyrocastro, 278, 280.
Armenia, 226.
Armenians, 166.
Arndt, E. M., 118.
Arva, 188, 213.
Asia, 9, 210, 285.
Asia Minor, 15, 17, 278.
Athens, 282.
Augustus Caesar, 201.
Aulard, F. A., 138.
‘Ausonian Republic,’ 247.
Austria, 3, 11, 33, 38, 39, 67, 91, 93, 94, 159, 171, 201-229, 244, 246, 250, 256, 270, 277, 287.
Austria-Hungary, 6, 14, 17, 188-191, 203-210, 248, 265.
Austrian Netherlands, the, 52.
Austrian Silesia, 158, 212, 216, 219.
Autonomy, 106, 207, 238, 280, 285.
Avlona, 281.

Baden, 12, 76, 121, 122, 123.
Bagdad, 242.
Baker, R. S., 34.
Balkans, the, 15, 17, 20, 238, 245, 263-290.
Balkan wars, the, of 1912-13, 263f., 265f., 267, 282, 285.
Ballad literature, of the Macedonian Slavs, 270.
Baltic provinces, the, 17.
Baltic Sea, the, 157, 159, 161, 162, 164, 167, 178, 179, 180, 181, 287.
Banat of Temesvár, the, 240.
Barker, J. E., quoted, 202.
Baruch, B. M., 24.
Basel, 122.
Basque region, the, 90.
Bas-Rhin, department of the, 114.
Bavaria, 79, 121, 124, 132, 144.
Belfort, 104, 105.
Belgian Congo, the, 71.
Belgium, 11, 48-73, 90, 93, 121, 122, 131.
Belgrade, 240, 248, 277.
Belleau Wood, 5.
Bellum omnium contra omnes, 205.
Benson, W. S., 25.
Berlin, 140, 145, 191, 192, 207;
congress of (1878), 9, 267.
Bernhoft, H. A., 42.
Bessarabia, 276.
Birkenfeld, principality of, 124.
Bismarck, Prince Otto, 38f., 101, 153, 154;
quoted, 100, 212.
Black Sea, the, 167, 238, 268, 276, 282, 283.
Blockade, problems of, 5.
Böcking, family, 137.
Böcking, H., 136, 151.
Bohemia, 18f., 93, 211, 212, 213-222, 223.
Bolsheviki, the, 169, 195f.
Bolshevism, 6, 237.
Bosnia, 242, 260.
Bosporus, the, 263, 285.
Botzen, 225.
Bowman, I., 23, 34.
Brandenburg, 79, 162.
Bremen, 182.
Brenner Pass, the, 225.
Brest, 7.
Brest-Litovsk, treaty of (1918), 191.
Breusch, the, 88.
Bridges and bridgeheads, Rhine, 128, 129, 130.
Briey, 13, 103, 104, 112.
Brindisi, 255.
British Isles, the, 11, 17.
Brittany, 90.
Britten, 147.
Brixen, 225.
Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count von, 120.
Bryce, Viscount, 6.
Bucharest, peace of (1913), 264, 266, 267, 275.
Budapest, 237, 242, 246, 258.
Bülow, Prince von, 187.
Buffer state, proposed, on the Rhine, 128f.
Bulgaria, 3, 11, 14, 208, 263-277, 281-285, 288ff.
Bulgarian church, the, 271f.
Bulgarians, 264-277, 280-285.
Bundesrat, the German, 81.
‘Burgundian gate,’ the, 105.
Burgundy, 51.
Butler, R., quoted, 197.

Caesar, Julius, 8.
Carbonari, the, 247.
Carinthia, 229, 244.
Carniola, 13, 244.
Carnot, L. N. M., 118.
Carpathians, the, 157, 163, 164, 188, 191, 211.
‘Carpatho-Ruthenian nation,’ the, 238.
Casimir IV, king of Poland (1447-92), 161.
Castlereagh, Viscount, 5.
Catholics, in Alsace-Lorraine, 77, 113;
Croats and Slovenes, 242;
French, 129;
Poles, 185;
in the Rhineland, 129;
among the White Russians, 196;
in Zealand Flanders, 65.
Cattaro, 247, 254.
Cavour, Count di, 247.
Celtic speech and blood, 17;
Celtic character of the Left Bank, 118.
Census-takers, perversions of fact by, 17, 44, 159, 170, 173f., 213, 232f., 249f., 282, 283.
Central Africa, 283.
Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine, the, 121ff., 150.
Central Territorial Commission, the, 30.
Ceramic wares, 54, 137.
Cereals, 53.
Champs-Elysées, the, 4.
Charlemagne, 201.
Charles, emperor of Austria, 106, 207, 209.
Charles V, Holy Roman emperor, 51, 78, 201.
Charlotte, grand duchess of Luxemburg, 58, 60.
Chatalja, lines of, 285.
Château-Thierry, 5.
Chemical products, 54.
Chéradame, A., 205, n. 1, 228.
Chiches, the, 250.
Cisleithania, 203-229.
Civil War, the, 15.
Clémenceau, G., 26, 27, 107, 128.
Cleves, 66, 125.
Coal, 13, 53, 58, 61, 77, 80, 101, 112, 113, 117, 131, 134-148, 152, 186, 197, 221.
Code, German civil, of 1900, 113.
Code Napoléon, the, 126.
Colmar, 89.
Cologne, archbishopric of, 124.
Colonial rivalries, 20.
Comité d’Etudes, the, 23, 35, 115, 116, 151, 152.
Comité de la Rive Gauche du Rhin, 118.
Commissions, 28-31.
Committees, special, 29, 30.
Communication, related to boundary problems, 12.
Concordat of 1801, the, 113.
Condominium, in Moresnet, 57;
on the Scheldt, 63ff.;
suggested, in Lorraine, 112.
‘Congress Kingdom’ of Poland, the, 158, 159, 171, 195, 197.
Connecticut, 76.
Consciousness of kind, 13, 16, 90.
Consistency, Bismarck on, 212.
Constance, Lake of, 122.
Constantinople, 242, 271, 278, 282, 284, 285f., 290.
Constanza, 276.
Constitution of the United States, the, 32.
Convention of 1787, the, 32.
Copper, 113.
Cotton manufacture, 54, 76.
Council of Five, the, 27, 30, 33.
Council of Four, the, 27-30, 33, 50.
Council of Ten, the, 25ff., 29, 30, 33, 42, 50, 68.
Cracow, 164.
Croatia, 233, 241f., 257.
Croats, 233, 241f., 246, 250, 253, 257, 258.
Crown of St. Stephen, lands of the, 214, n. 1.
Crown of St. Wenceslaus, lands of the, 219.
‘Culture,’ propagation of, in Hungary, 233;
in Macedonia, 272;
in Schleswig, 39.
Currency, depreciation of, 48.
Curzola, 248.
Cyprus, 278.
Cyrillic characters, 241.
Czecho-Slovakia, 12, 156, 188, 210, 213-222, 237f., 287.
Czecho-Slovaks, 207, 208, 209, 212, 228.
Czechs, 166, 202, 213-222.

Dacia, 239.
Dalmatia, 29, 244, 245f., 247, 248, 251-256, 260, 261, 262.
Danish-Americans, letter of President Wilson to, 42.
Danish language, the, 17, 37, 39f.
Dannevirke, the, 42.
Danton, G. J., 118.
Danube, the, 12, 20, 225, 237, 240, 268.
Danzig, 21, 157, 161, 173, n. 1, 180-185, 223.
Darmstadt, 97.
Davis, N. H., 24.
Dedeagach, 266.
Delaware, 37.
Delbrück, H., quoted, 187f.
Demilitarization of the Left Bank, 130.
Denis, E., quoted, 127.
Denmark, 37-47, 48, 72.
Dillon, E. J., 25, n. 1, 34.
Dinaric Alps, the, 244.
Disraeli, B., 154.
District of Columbia, the, 145.
Divide et impera, 191, 205.
Dixon, W. M., 23.
Dnieper, the, 157, 161, 164, 182, 196.
Dniester, the, 182.
Dobrudja, the, 266, 276, 290.
Dodecanesus, the, 278.
Doge of Venice, the, 252.
Donon, Mount, 88.
Doubs, the, 105.
Drafting Commission, the, 36.
Drang nach Osten, the Germanic, 160.
Drave, the, 223.
Drin, the, 260, 280.
Dualism, in Austria-Hungary, 203f., 234.
Dunkirk, 90.
Dux Dalmatiae, 252.
Dvina, the, 157, 164.

Eastern Galicia, 189-195.
‘Eastern Marches,’ the, of Prussia, 173, 187.
Eastern Thrace, 266, 281, 282, 284, 285f.
East Friesland, 66.
East India Company, Austria likened to, 203.
East Prussia, 12, 158, 161, 162, 179, 180, 185.
Echo de Paris, the, 128.
Economic problems, commissions on, 28.
Egypt, 14, 212.
Eider, the, 37, 42, 43, 44.
Eiffel, mountain range of the, 55.
Elector Palatine, the, 133.
Elsenborn, camp of, 55, 130.
Enclaves, 78, 134, 159, 176, 282.
England, 25, 27, 47, 67, 71, 87, 120, 129, 153, 172, 241, 248, 281, 285, 286.
See Great Britain.
Enos-Midia line, the, 265.
Epinal, 105.
Epirotes, 279.
Epirus, 278ff.
Eteimbes, 88.
‘Ethnographic Poland,’ 158f., 164.
‘Ethnographic rights,’ 212.
Eugene, Prince, 201.
Eugénie, Empress, 100.
Eupen, 55, 56.
Exarchist church, see Bulgarian church.

Farnese, Alexander, 51.
Federal republic, the Polish, 166.
Felix of Bourbon-Parma, Prince, 60.
Ferdinand I, II, III, Holy Roman emperors, 201.
Ferdinand, king, later tsar of Bulgaria, 269, 285.
Finance, commission on, 28.
Finno-Ugrian stock, 232.
Fiume, 9, 28, 223, 248, 251, 256-262, 280.
Flanders, 60, 65f.
Flemish language, in Belgium, 48;
spoken about Dunkirk, 90.
Flensburg, 37, 42, 46.
Flensburg fiord, the, 37, 42.
Florida, 14.
Foch, Marshal, 25.
Fortresses of the French frontier, demanded by Germany, 104f.
Fortwusteln, 203.
Fourteen Points, the, 21f., 42, 170, 171, 177, 207, 209.
France, 11, 16, 25, 27, 50, 51, 52, 67, 71, 131, 153, 154, 170, 248, 259, 280, 285, 286;
problems of her eastern frontier, 75-152.
Francis I, emperor of Austria, 93;
quoted, 204f.
Francis II, Holy Roman emperor, see Francis I, emperor of Austria.
Frankenholz, 142.
Frankfort, treaty of (1871), 75, 80, 103, 108, 109, 110, 120.
Frankish empire, the, 51, 119.
Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, 178.
Freeman, E. A., 120, 254.
French Foreign Office, the, 24.
French Revolution, the, 5, 52, 57, 63, 85, 92, 95f., 99, 120, 124, 125, 133, 134, 138.
Frisian islands, the, 37.
Frisians, 38.
Frontiers, geographical elements of, 11ff.;
human elements in frontier-making, 13-20;
as affected by hopes of the future, 20f.;
bibliography, 35.
Fustel de Coulanges, N. D., 115;
quoted, 96.

Galicia, 158, 159, 160, 188-195, 199, 210, 238.
Gaul, Roman, 118.
Gauls, 86, 88.
Geislautern, 136.
‘Geographic Poland,’ 158.
German Austria, 209f., 213, 217, 218, 222-229.
German Bohemia, proposed republic of, 216.
German colonies, the, 14, 21.
German East Africa, 71.
German Gate, the, at Metz, 83.
Germanic invasions, the, 119.
Germanization, 39, 173, 174f.
German minorities, in Austria, 203-206;
in the Baltic provinces, 17;
in the Banat, 240;
in Belgium, 18;
in Bohemia, 15, 18, 215, 216-222;
in Hungary, 233;
in Moravia, 216;
in North Schleswig, 46;
in Poland, 15, 166, 172, 173-188;
in Transylvania, 239;
in Upper Silesia, 212, 216.
Germany, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 16, 21, 33, 48f., 50, 51, 61, 70f., 154, 157, 160, 191, 197, 198, 206, 207, 218, 226-228, 243, 264;
adjustment of Danish frontier, 37-47;
of Belgian frontier, 49, 54-57;
of French frontier, 75-152;
of Polish frontier, 172-188.
Ghent, 64.
Gibraltar, 281.
Gladstone, W. E., 154.
Gorizia, 244, 247, 248, 249, 251.
Governing Commission, the, in the Saar district, 144-150.
Governing Commission, for the Rhenish territories, see Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission.
Gradisca, 244.
Grand Trianon, treaty of the (1920), 3, 237, n. 1.
Great Britain, 122, 131, 132, 170, 280.
See England.
Greater Greece, 156.
Greater Roumania, 156.
Greece, 28, 156, 264, 265, 266, 267, 277-287, 289f.
Greek church, the, 271.
Greeks, the, 16, 266, 268, 269, 272, 278-287.
Gribble, F., quoted, 209.
Grodno, province of, 196.
Guelders, Prussian, 125.
Guizot, F. P. G., 154f.
Gypsies, 268.

Halicz, principality of, 160.
Hamburg, 54, 182.
Hapsburg, house of, 51, 78, 79, 94, 98, 201ff., 209, 219, 222, 249, 256.
Haskins, C. H., 29.
Haut-Rhin, department of the, 114.
Hawaii, 14.
Headlam-Morley, J. W., 29.
Heligoland, 47.
Hellenic nation, the, 278f.
Henderson, A., 207.
Hesse, 121, 124.
High German, the official language in Germany, 90.
Historical Section of the British Foreign office, the, 23.
‘Historic rights,’ 211f.
Hoboken, 7.
Hofer, Andreas, 225.
Hohenzollern, house of, 94, 98, 162.
Hohe Tauern, the, 225.
Holland, 11, 49, 51, 52, 54, 57, 60-70, 93, 118, 121, 122.
Holstein, 38.
Holy Roman Empire, the, 78, 84, 92ff., 120.
Homburg, in the Palatinate, 146.
Hoover, H., 5, 25.
Hostenbach, 142.
House, E. M., 23.
Hugo, Victor, 154.
Hundred Days, the, 135.
Hundred Years’ War, the, between Poland and the Teutonic Knights, 161.
Hungary, 3, 6, 210, 212, 213, 226, 231-243, 244, 246, 256, 257, 258, 259, 277.

Ill, the, 76.
Immanent justice, idea of an, 153.
Imperial Colonization Commission, the, 174.
Indemnities, 6, 111.
India, 212, 286.
Industrialism, modern, 12.
‘Inquiry,’ the, 23.
Intendant, the, 95.
Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission, the, 131, 150.
International administration, 21, 285.
International Commission, on the Schleswig plebiscites, 44.
International servitudes, 68.
Ireland, 14, 15, 212, 241.
Iron, 13, 54, 58, 59, 77, 84, 85, 101-104, 106, 112, 113, 116, 137, 197.
Istria, 244, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251.
Italia Irredenta, 156.
Italianità, 245.
Italy, 11, 25, 27, 50, 90, 93, 122, 153, 158, 170, 210, 213, 224f., 244-262, 278, 280, 281, 287.

Japan, 25, 50.
Japanese, at the Peace Conference, 25, 28.
Jefferson, Thomas, quoted, 154.
Jena, battle of, 187.
Jews, 15, 19, 113, 159, 166, 189, 194, 268.
Joseph II, Holy Roman emperor (1765-90), 201.
Julian Alps, the, 244, 249.
Jutland, 37.

Kamieniec, 164.
Kansas, 158.
Karl, see Charles.
Károlyi, Count, 236, 237.
Karst Mountains, the, 244, 249.
Kehl, 122.
Key deposits of minerals, disposal of, 18, 140f.
Keynes, J. M., 27, n. 1, 34, 148f.
Kiel Canal, the, 37, 46f.
Kiev, 163.
Klagenfurt, 213, 223f.
Kléber, J. B., 96.
Königsberg, 180, 182.
Komitadjis, 272, 277.
Koritza, 278, 279, 280.
Kosciuszko, T., 165.
Kossuth, Louis, 243.
Kun, Béla, 237.

Labor organizations, in the Saar district, 140.
Lamont, T. W., 24.
Lancashire, 197.
Land, passion for, 10.
Landau, 80, 120, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138.
Landtag, the, in Alsace-Lorraine, 80f.
Language, as an element in frontier-making, 16ff.;
in Schleswig, 40;
in Alsace-Lorraine, 87-92, 116, 119;
in Macedonia, 273;
in Northern Epirus, 278f.
Language Union, the, in Schleswig, 40.
Latin colonies and language, in Dalmatia, 245.
Latin-Dalmatian communes, the, 252.
Lauenburg, 38.
Lauter, the, 80, 133, 135.
Lavisse, E., 23.
Lead, 186, 197.
League of Nations, the, 3, 4, 20f., 33, 35, 56, 66, 71, 132, 144-150, 183, 202, 227, 281.
Left Bank, the, 54, 55, 76, 111, 117, 118-132, 150, 151.
Leipzig, battle of, 187.
Lemberg, 189, 192.
Lens, 142.
Leopold I (of Saxe-Coburg), king of the Belgians (1831-65), 52.
Liberia, 50.
Liberty, a privilege, 14.
Libre Parole, the, 128.
Liège, 55, 62, 120.
Liepvrette, the, 88.
Ligne, Prince de, 201;
quoted, 4.
Limburg, 13, 55, 60ff., 66.
Limestone, 102.
Lissa, 248, 256.
“Litany of the Polish Pilgrim,” by Mickiewicz, 155.
Lithuania, 161, 162ff., 165, 168, 172, 196, 200.
Lithuanians, 15, 159, 168, 169.
Little Russian race, the, 189.
Livonia, 163.
Lloyd George, D., 27, 188.
Lötzen, 174.
London, 54, 206;
treaty of (1831), 52;
(1913), 265;
(1915), 248f.
Longwy, 103, 104, 112.
Lorraine, 13, 76ff., 79, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 101-104, 117, 132, 133, 135, 141, 142.
See Alsace-Lorraine.
Lorraine, duchy of, 78, 133.
Losheim, 147.
Louis XIV, king of France, 78, 79, 92, 96, 98, 99, 118, 120, 133.
Louis XV, king of France, 78.
Low Countries, the, 157.
Lower Alsace, 81, 89.
Lower Austria, 223.
Low German dialects, 90.
Lunatics, proselytizing of, 217.
Luxemburg, 49, 54, 55, 57-60, 61, 69, 72, 76, 102, 129.
Lvov, Prince, 171.
Lyck, circle of, 174.

McCormick, V., 24.
Macedonia, 178, 266-275, 284, 289f.
Maestricht, 61, 62, 120.
‘Magnificent community’ of Fiume, the, 256.
Magyarization, 234ff., 258.
Magyars, 166, 203, 209, 211, 212, 214, n. 1, 215, 216, 231-243, 246, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261f.
Mainz, archbishopric of, 124.
Majority Socialists, the, in Prussia, 129.
Malmedy, 56.
Malta, 247, 256.
Mandates, 281, 285.
Manin, D., 247.
Mannesmann, family, 137.
Mannheim, 121, 122.
Mantoux, P., 27.
Maria Theresia, empress-queen, 201, 256.
Marie Adelheid, grand duchess of Luxemburg, 58.
Marienwerder district, the, 180, n. 1, 184f.
Marne, the, 4.
Máros, the, 240.
Marseillaise, the, 96.
Marseilles, 182, 259.
Mary, heiress of Burgundy, 51.
Maximilian of Austria, 51.
Mazuria, 180, n. 1, 185.
Mazzini, G., 154, 247, 256, 261, 287.
Mediterranean racial type, the, 16.
Meersen, partition of (870), 120.
Meran, 225.
Mercury mines, 13.
Metković, 260.
Metz, 78, 81, 83f., 85, 89, 101, 120.
Meuse, the, 55, 60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 105, 119.
Meyer’s Handlexicon, quoted, 95.
Mickiewicz, A., 155, 165, 203.
Middle kingdom, the, of the Frankish empire, 50f.
Miller, D. H., 24, 34.
Mineral resources, 13, 53, 77, 112f., 186, 197, 221, 231.
Minette iron field, 77, 102ff., 112.
Minnesota, 158.
Minorities, problems of, 15.
Minority Socialists, in Germany, 106.
Minsk, 164;
province of, 196.
Mitteleuropa, 20, 207.
Model dwellings, 137.
Mörs, county of, 125.
Mohammedans, 19, 242, 278, 282.
Mommsen, T., 8.
Mongols, the, 160.
Montalembert, Comte de, 154.
Montenegro, 265, 269.
Montreux, 88.
Moravia, 212, 213, 216, 218, 219, 223.
Moresnet, district of, 57.
Morier, Sir Robert, quoted, 97f.
Morlaks, the, 250.
Morocco, 28.
Moselle, the, 76, 101, 105, 122, 141.
Moselle, department of the, 114.
Moslems, see Mohammedans.
Mountains, as frontiers, 11f.
Münster, 3.
Mulhouse, 76, 78, 79, 89.
Munich, 140, 145.
Muscovites, 165, 285.

Nahe, the, 124.
Namier, L. B., 182, n. 1.
Nancy, 112.
Napoleon I, 3, 79, 84, 135, 202.
Napoleon III, 38, 84.
Nassau, house of, 52;
Luxemburg branch, 57, 58, 60.
National Councils, in the former Austrian territories, 209.
Nationalities, Hungarian law of, 234.
Nationality, principle of, 19f., 243, 265, 288.
Natural resources, importance of, 12f.
Naval Intelligence Division, the British, 23.
Negroes, in America, 15.
Netherlands, the, 51, 122.
Neuilly, treaty of (1919), 3, 264, 285, 289.
Neutrality, Belgian, 66-69.
‘Neutral schools,’ 114.
New York, 7.
Ney, M., 96, 138.
Niemen, the, 182.
Nord, department of the, 139.
North Albanians, 280.
Northern Epirus, 278ff., 290.
North Schleswig, 19, 37-48, 72.
North Schleswig Voters’ Union, the, 40, 42.
North Sea, the, 42, 62.
Norway, 44.

Oder, the, 159.
Oetzthaler Alps, the, 225.
Oil wells, 77, 113.
Oldenburg, duke of, 124.
Orlando, V. E., 27.
Orthodox, in Albania, 278;
Serbs, 242;
among the White Russians, 196.
Osnabrück, 3.
Ottweiler, 139.

Pacific Ocean, the, 9, 191.
Paderewski, I. J., 165.
Palatinate, the Bavarian, 76, 124, 129, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 146.
Palestine, 19.
Panama, 50, 281.
Panama Canal, the, 47.
Pan-Germanism, 105, 208, 287.
Pannonian basin, the, 231.
Paris, treaty of (1814), 134f.;
conference of (1815), 3;
peace conference at (1919), 3-35, et passim.
Partitions of Poland, the, 163, 164, 165, 168, 169, 177, 178, 180, 181, 189, 197.
Pas-de-Calais, department of, 139.
Patois, local, 90.
Patriarch, the Greek, 282.
Patriarchist church, see Greek church.
Pechelbronn, 77.
Pennsylvania, 53.
Petlura, S., 194.
Petroleum, 197.
See Oil.
Philip II, king of Spain, 51.
Philippines, the, 14.
Piasts, house of the, 159, 163.
Pichon, G., 26.
Pilsudski, J., 165.
Pirot-Tsaribrod basin, the, 277.
Pius IX, pope (1846-78), 154.
Plebiscites, 18, 35, 42-46, 60, 106-109, 173, 184-187, 188.
Pliny the Elder, 5.
Poincaré, R., 107.
Pola, 255.
Poland, 12, 19, 28, 39, 91, 153-200, 210, 287.
Poles, 209, 212.
Polonization, 163ff.
Pomaks, 282, 283.
Pomerania, 159, 160.
Pont-à-Mousson, 141.
Porto Lago, 266.
Posen (Posnania), 158, 177f., 184, 188.
Potash, 13, 77, 101, 112.
Prague, 218;
treaty of (1866), 38.
Presburg, 237.
Prescription, notion of, 19.
Protestants, in Alsace, 77, 96, 113;
in Mazuria, 185.
Prothero, G. W., 23, 35.
Provence, 90.
Prussia, 17, 19, 38, 39, 40, 54f., 57, 58, 66, 67, 80, 82, 93, 117, 121, 125, 126, 132, 135, 136, 144, 146, 150, 159, 160, 167, 171, 172, 173-188, 205, 287.

Quadruple Alliance, the, 236.
Quai d’Orsay, the, 24, 27.
Quarnero, gulf of, 247, 249.
Queich, the, 80.

Race, 15f., 86f., 119, 159, n. 1.
Radical party, the, in Denmark, 42, 45.
Ragusa, 245, 254, 260.
Railroad lines, as related to frontier problems, 12, 55, 176, 180, 184f., 223, 260, 276, 277.
Ranke, L. von, quoted, 98.
Rationing, problems of, 5.
Ratzel, F., 254.
Reformation, the, 79.
Reichsrat, Austrian, 250, 252.
Reichstag, the German, 40, 46, 80, 81, 83, 108, 145.
Religious toleration, in Poland, 166.
Renan, E., 7f.
Reparation, commission on, 28, 142f.
‘Republic of the Great Ukraine,’ the, 194.
‘Republic of the Western Ukraine,’ the, 192.
Revolutionary covenant of 1790, in France, 138.
Rheinprovinz, the, 124-132, 136, 140, 141.
Rhenish Prussia, see Rheinprovinz.
Rhenus finis Germaniae, 118.
Rhine, the, 12, 16, 20, 50, 55, 66, 76, 82, 92, 96, 101, 114, 117-132, 150, 151.
Rhine frontier, the, 29, 119, 128.
Rhine-Scheldt canal, proposed, 62.
Rhode Island, 76, 146.
Rhone, the, 93, 182.
Right Bank, the, 111, 123, 127, 131.
Rio Grande, the, 10.
Risorgimento, the, 247.
Rivers, unite rather than divide, 12.
Röchling, family, 137.
Romans, the, 166, 239.
Rome, rule of, in Dalmatia, 245, 246, 252.
Roosevelt, T., quoted, 286.
Rotterdam, 63.
Roumania, 3, 28, 156, 210, 238ff., 262, 264, 265, 266, 276, 277, 287.
Roumanians, 209, 233, 238ff., 276.
Rubens, 26.
Ruhr, region of the, 131.
Rumenes, the, 250.
Russia, 11, 67, 156, 157, 158, 159, 169, 171f., 191, 195-198, 206, 207, 248, 265, 267, 270, 285, 287.
Russians, 15, 17, 166, 194.
Russification, 163.
Ruthenians, 189-195, 233, 238.
Ryksvlaanderen, 65.

Saar, the, 120, 133.
Saar basin (valley, district), the, 13, 21, 29, 76, 77, 80, 101, 117, 120, 125, 132-152, 186, 223.
Saarbrücken, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139; county of, 133.
Saar Commission, see Governing Commission, the, in the Saar district.
Saarhölzbach, 146.
Saarlouis, 78, 80, 120, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139.
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, treaty of (1919), 3, 213.
St. Sophia, 285.
St. Thomas, 14.
St. Vith, territory of, 54.
Salisbury, Lord, 154.
Salonica, 277.
Salt mines, 77.
San Marco, lion of, 246.
San Stefano, treaty of (1878), 267.
Saône, the, 105.
Sarrebourg, 88.
Sarreguemines, 146.
Saxony, 54, 125, 135.
Scandinavia, 11, 87.
Scheldt, the, 60, 62-66, 68, 69.
Schlei, the, 43, 44.
Schleswig, 17, 37-48, 72.
Schleswig-Holstein question, the, 38.
School Union, the, in Schleswig, 40.
Schrader, F., 120.
Schumacher, H., quoted, 103, n. 1.
Schwob, 16.
Scotch mill-worker, anecdote of a, 7.
Scott, J. B., 24.
Scotus Viator, see Seton-Watson.
Sea, access to the, importance of, 12.
Seigniorial rights, 95.
Self-determination, 13ff., 34, 46, 140f., 238.
Sensburg, 174.
Separation Laws, the, in France, 113f.
Separatist tendencies, in Rhenish Prussia, 129.
Serbia, 11, 240ff., 261, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269-275, 277, 280.
Serbs, 233, 240ff., 266, 268-275, 280.
Seton-Watson, R. W., 262.
Shkypetars, 279.
Siam, 50.
Siberia, 207.
Sick Man on the Bosporus, the, 263.
Sierck, 78.
Silesia, 158, 159, 160, 213, 219.
See Austrian Silesia, Upper Silesia.
Silistria, 276.
Slovakia, 222.
Slovaks, 213-222, 233, 237.
Slovenes, 223f., 241 f., 246, 249, 250, 251.
Social insurance, 137, 145.
Sönderjylland, 37, 72.
Sofia, 263, 271, 272, 277, 282.
Somme, the, 104.
Southern Albania, 278ff., 290.
Southern Dobrudja, the, 266, 276.
Southern Slavs, the, 268-278.
See Yugo-Slavs.
Sovereign Council, the, 95.
Spain, 51, 63.
Spalato, 253f.
Spanish Netherlands, the, 52, 63.
Spanish peninsula, the, 11.
Speier, 140;
bishopric of, 124, 133.
Stanislas Leszcynski, king of Poland, duke of Lorraine, 78.
State, Polish conception of the, 167.
Statistical Commission, the, of the Congress of Vienna, 22.
Statthalter, the, in Alsace-Lorraine, 80, 81.
Stavelot-Malmedy, abbey of, 54.
Steed, H. W., 228;
quoted, 202, 243.
Stephen Dushan, Serbian emperor, 270.
Stettin, 182.
Straits, the, 265, 283, 290.
Strasburg, 79, 80, 81, 83, 89, 96, 107, 120.
Strumica, valley of the, 266, 276f.
Stumm, family, 136, 137.
Submarine bases, 65, 255.
Suez Canal, the, 47.
Sugar refineries, 125.
Sultan, the, 265, 286.
Super-state, the, 150.
Supreme Council, the, 225.
Sušak, 259.
Sweden, 44, 45.
Swedes, 165.
Switzerland, 76, 79, 91, 93, 118, 121, 122, 222, 236.
Sylt, island of, 42.
Szepes, see Zips.

Talleyrand, 4.
Tardieu, A., 29, 34, 151.
Tartars, 165, 166, 167.
Taussig, F. W., 24.
Teaching religious orders, 114.
Temesvár, 240.
Terneuzen canal, the, 64.
Teschen, 13, 158, 188, 213.
Teutonic Knights, the, 160, 161, 162, 178, 185.
Teutonic racial type, the, 16, 86, 87, 119.
Texas, 14.
Theiss, the, 240.
Thionville, 88.
This, C., 88, 116.
Thirty Years’ War, the, 79.
Thomas process, the, 102, 103.
Thorn, peace of (1466), 161.
Thrace, 266, 277, 278, 281-285, 290.
Three Bishoprics, province of the, 78, 120.
Tobacco, 76.
Tönder, 46.
Toul, 78, 105.
Trajan, Roman emperor (98-117), 239.
Transleithania, 231-243.
Transportation, problems of, 5.
Transylvania, 239, 240.
Traù, 248.
Trentino, the, 224, 247.
Tribal duchies, 92f., 120.
Trier, 140;
archbishopric of, 124.
Trieste, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251.
Trois Evêchés, 78.
Tsars, Bulgarian, 269.
Turanians, 268, 269.
Turkey, 6, 14, 33, 242, 263, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 281-287, 290.
Turko-Tartar stock, 232.
Turks, 165, 167, 201, 268, 270, 271, 272, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286.
Tyrol, the, 224f., 248.

Üsküb, 270.
Ukraine, the, 163, 165, 168, 172, 191, 193, 194, 199f.
‘Ukrainian idea,’ the, 191.
Ukrainians, 159, 160, 168, 169, 189, 191-194, 196, 209, 210.
Ukrainophiles, 193.
Ulster, 15.
United Netherlands, the, 51.
United States, the, at the Peace Conference, 4f., 7, 14, 19, 21, 23f., 25ff., 29, 30ff., 261, 280;
indisposed to accept a mandate for Albania, 281;
or for Constantinople, 285f.
Upper Alsace, 13, 76, 81, 88, 89, 91, 101, 105, 109, 112.
Upper Austria, 223.
Upper Silesia, 13, 45, 91, 185f., 197, 212.
Urals, the, 157.
Utrecht, treaty of (1713), 52.

Valenciennes, 142.
Valona, see Avlona.
Varna, 276.
Vauban, 135, 138.
Velebite Mountains, the, 244.
Venetia, 247, 249.
Venetia Julia, 249.
Venice, 245, 246, 252, 255, 256.
Venizelos, E., 277 f., 281, 283.
Verdun, 78, 105, 120.
Versailles, preliminaries of (1871), 75, 103;
treaty of (1919), 3, 31, 75, 145, 146, 148, 172, 177f., 186, 213, 227.
Vieille Montagne, 57.
Vienna, 192, 209, 222, 226, 233, 246;
congress of (1814-15), 3, 4, 8, 22, 32, 52, 66, 124, 158;
treaty of (1738), 78;
treaty of (1815), 32, 57, 63, 79f., 120, 121, 125;
treaty of (1864), 38.
Viribus unitis, 205.
Vistula, the, 160, 161, 178, 182, 184.
Vlachs, 268.
Volhynia, province of, 196.
Vosges, the, 76, 84, 85, 101, 119.

Wacke, 16.
Wadern, 147.
Wallenstein, A. E. von, 201.
Walloon language, 56;
Walloon portion of Luxemburg, 57.
Walther von der Vogelweide, 225.
Warsaw, 154, 164, 171, 185.
War-weariness, 4ff., 206.
Washington, 206.
Waterloo, battle of, 79, 154, 187.
Waterways, commission on, 28.
Webster, C. K., 35;
cited, 4.
Wedding of the sea, the, by Venice, 252.
Weiss, the, 88.
Weisskirchen, 147.
‘Welsh,’ 16.
Wesel, 66.
Western Galicia, 189.
Western Thrace, 266, 277, 281-285.
Westphalia, 125f., 141, 148.
Westphalia, treaty of (1698), 3, 63, 78, 79, 93.
West Prussia, 12, 158, 161, 178f., 181, 184.
Wharton, Henry, quoted, 154.
White Russia, 163, 168, 200.
White Russians, 159, 196.
William I, German emperor, quoted, 100.
William II, German emperor, 84, 207.
Wilno, 163, 164;
province of, 196.
Wilson, Woodrow, 3, 7, 14, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 31, 42, 49, 68, 75, 106, 109, 150, 170, 207, 208, 261, 275.
Wissembourg, 134.
Wittelsheim, 77.
Worms, bishopric of, 124.

Young, A. A., 24.
Yugo-Slavia, 156, 210, 241f., 244-262, 280, 287.
Yugo-Slavs, 208, 209, 213, 223, 224, 244-262.

Zabern affair, the, 82.
Zanzibar, 47.
Zara, 252, 253, 254, 256.
Zbrucz, the, 192.
Zealand Flanders, 65f.
Zillerthaler Alps, the, 225.
Zimmermann note, the, 14.
Zinc, 186, 197.
Zinc mine of Vieille Montagne, 57.
Zinc works, 54.
Zips, 188, 213.
Zollverein, German, 58, 59, 129.
Zweibrücken, 137;
house of, 124, 133.

Some Problems of the Peace Conference

About This Book

INDEX