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Special talents and defects

Chapter 3: TABLE OF FIGURES
By Leta Stetter Hollingworth
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Psychiatry/PsychologyTeaching & Education

About This Book

This work surveys evidence for mental functions that are dissociated from general intelligence and outlines implications for schooling. It reviews methods for measuring special aptitudes versus IQ, statistical relations among capacities, and psychographic profiling of individual strengths and weaknesses. Physiological hypotheses about neural localization receive critical treatment. Separate chapters analyze reading, spelling, arithmetic, drawing, and music, presenting psychological analyses, case studies of exceptional or deficient performance, and considerations of heredity and variability. Practical implications for diagnosis, remediation, and classroom organization are discussed to guide educators in recognizing and responding to diverse endowments.

TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURE   PAGE
1. Distribution of ability to discriminate among intervals of time, the subjects being adults. (From Seashore’s The Psychology of Musical Talent. Reproduced by courtesy of Silver, Burdett and Company, and of the Columbia Graphophone Company.) 8
     
2. Flight of birds, illustrating distribution in ability to fly. (Schematic.) 9
     
3. The psychograph of a schoolboy, showing his standing in various mental functions; illustrating use of the horizontal line to denote typical performance. (From Hollingworth’s Judging Human Character. Reproduced by courtesy of D. Appleton and Company.) 39
     
4. The psychographs of three schoolgirls, showing their standings in various mental functions, measured to determine mathematical ability; illustrating use of the vertical line to denote typical performance. (From Tests of Mathematical Ability and Their Prognostic Value. Reproduced by courtesy of Agnes L. Rogers.) 40
     
5. The psychograph of a schoolboy, showing his standing in various mental functions; illustrating use of the circle as a diagram, the median circumference denoting the typical performance of his age 41
     
6. Showing how X improved as measured by Trabue’s “Language Scale A,” from Feb., 1918, to Dec., 1921 77–81
     
7. Showing X’s improvement in silent reading, from April 15, 1921, to Dec. 2, 1921, as measured by Thorndike-McCall “Reading Scale,” Form I 82–83
     
8. Showing X’s ability to get meaning from printed words, in May, 1922, as tested by Haggerty’s “Sigma 1,” for grades 1 to 3 84
     
9. Showing an account written by X of his week’s reading 86
     
10. Composition written at school by X in December, 1920, showing deficiencies in spelling 107
     
11. Letter written by X showing how he could spell by use of dictionary 108
     
12. Showing efforts to spell of a 14-year-old schoolboy, of IQ 93, after eight years of school instruction. Illustrating extreme dissociation of spelling ability from general intelligence 110
     
13. Showing spelling of a 12-year-old girl, of IQ 59, after six years of instruction. Illustrating extreme dissociation of spelling ability from general intelligence 111
     
14. Showing spelling of a child 9 years 10 months old, with IQ 143, after three years of instruction. Illustrating dissociation of spelling ability from general intelligence 112
     
15. Showing D’s calculations on Test 2, Army Alpha, Form 5, at the age of 10 years 11 months, five minutes being allowed for the performance 132
     
16. Showing D’s calculations on Test 6, Army Alpha, Form 5, at the age of 10 years 11 months, three minutes being allowed for the performance 133
     
17. Showing R’s calculations on Test 2, Army Alpha, Form 5, at the age of 7 years 6 months, five minutes being allowed for the performance 135
     
18. Showing R’s calculations on Test 6, Army Alpha, Form 5, at the age of 7 years 6 months, three minutes being allowed for the performance 136
     
19. Showing the psychograph of a stupid child, who has a special ability in representative drawing. (From Manuel’s A Study of Talent in Drawing. Reproduced by courtesy of The Public School Publishing Company.) 155
     
20. Showing special ability in drawing of a 14-year-old boy, of IQ near 70 156
     
21. Showing special ability in drawing of a 14-year-old boy, of IQ near 70 157
     
22. Showing the special ability to cut silhouettes, of a feeble-minded man, inmate of an institution for mental defectives 159
     
23. Charlie Chaplin pursuing a gentleman, and pursued by a policeman. Showing the special ability to draw, of a feeble-minded man, in an institution for mental defectives 160
     
24. Showing attempts by two distinguished university professors to cut silhouettes of an elephant 161
     
25. Psychograph of G, showing special ability in music and drawing combined with mediocre intelligence 177
     
26. Psychograph of M, showing special defect in music combined with very superior general intelligence 179
     
27. Showing mirror writing by public school pupils. (From Beeley’s An Experimental Study of Left-Handedness. Reproduced by courtesy of the University of Chicago Press.) 189