Stage-coach and Mail in Days of Yore, Volume 2 (of 2) / A picturesque history of the coaching age

INDEX

• Accidents, i. 206, 274, 281, 307, 310; ii. 28, 96–122
• Allen, Ralph, Post Office reformer, i. 146
• Amateur coachmen (for individuals, see Coaching Notabilities)
•  ”  ”  penalty for allowing them to drive, i. 209
•  ”  ”  rise of, i. 231
•  ”  ”  incident on the road with, ii. 91–3
•  ”  ”  originated about 1800, ii. 239
•  ”  ”  account of the, ii. 239–59
• Balloon coaches, appear about 1785, i. 296
• “Basket,” the, described, i. 96, 99;
• miseries of travelling in, i. 101, 295
• Baxendale, Joseph, ii. 127–43, 207
• Besant, designer of mail-coaches, i. 178
• Bonnor, Charles, i. 168, 171
• “Booking,” i. 320–23
•  ”  -clerks, responsibilities of, i. 320
•  ”  ”  described by Dickens, i. 322, 330
•  ”  -offices, i. 320–23
•  ”  ”  described by Dickens, i. 122, 330
• Boonen, Wm., Queen Elizabeth’s coachman, i. 5
• Brighton, first coach to, 1756, i. 134;
• first Sunday coach to, 1792, i. 198
• Buckingham, Earl of, sets up a carriage, i. 7
• Bugles (see Key Bugles)
• Byers, ——, professional informer, i. 214–17
• Canals, ii. 130, 133
• “Caravan,” origin of word, ii. 128, 129
• Carriages, introduction of, i. 2–13;
• become fashionable, i. 11
• Carriers, the, i. 65;
• antiquity of, i. 103;
• account of, i. 103–45;
• restrictions on, 1622–29, i. 195;
• forbidden to travel on Sundays, 1627, i. 196
• Cary, Robert, rides horseback to Edinburgh, 1603, i. 16
• Coach and Harness Makers Company, founded 1677, i. 12
• “Coach and six through Act of Parliament,” origin of saying, i. 86
• Coaches:—
• Mail-coaches, general account of, i. 146–80;
• to be exempt from tolls, i. 156;
• Post Office officials resist introduction of, i. 157;
• established 1784, i. 158;
• originally diligences, or light post-coaches, i. 160;
• system extended 1785, i. 163;
• continually breaking down, i. 174;
• new type of, introduced, i. 178;
• Besant’s patent coach, i. 178;
• Besant’s coach condemned by Matthew Boulton 1798, i. 179;
• always four-horsed, i. 180;
• coachmen of, subject to severe penalties for misdemeanours, i. 211;
• used for illegal sale of game, i. 254;
• for smuggling, i. 256;
• outside passengers of, limited to three, i. 258;
• bring early news, i. 260;
• cross-country, shabby, ii. 2;
• increased number of, injure roads, ii. 5;
• stage-coaches unable to compete with, ii. 5;
• exemption of from tolls injurious to Turnpike Trusts, ii. 4–9;
• paid toll in Ireland from 1798 ii. 9;
• exemption repealed as regards Scotland, 1813, ii. 9;
• tyrants of the road, ii. 10;
• exposed to dangers, ii. 10;
• pre-eminence of declines from 1824, on introduction of fast day-coaches, ii. 11;
• additional number of passengers permitted, ii. 12;
• mileage paid to contractors for, ii. 12–15;
• contractors disinclined to do business with Post Office, ii. 15;
• railways begin to supplant, 1830, ii. 16;
• procession of, on King’s birthday, ii. 17–22;
• list of, starting from London 1837, ii. 23;
• the fastest, 1836, ii. 27;
• number of, 1838, ii. 27;
• West of England routes cut up by railways, ii. 36–9;
• horses sold off, ii. 39;
• last of the mails, ii. 40;
• described, ii. 40–47
• Waude’s mail-coach, 1830, ii. 43–7;
• go seven days a week, ii. 148;
• freedom of from attack, ii. 148;
• robberies of, frequent, ii. 149;
• attacked by lioness, ii. 151;
• adventures of, in snow, ii. 152–5, 159–62, 166–9,
• in floods ii. 162–6, 169;
• West of England, started from Piccadilly, ii. 207
• Mail-coaches:—
• Banff and Inverness, ii. 165
• Bath, ii. 22, 23
• Birmingham, ii. 23
•  ”  and Liverpool, ii. 169
• Brighton, ii. 23, 24, 101
•  ”  Day, ii. 313
• Bristol, established 1784, i. 158–60; ii. 1, 17, 22, 23, 149, 207
• Cambridge Auxiliary, ii. 215
• Canterbury and Deal, ii. 27
• Carlisle and Edinburgh, ii. 27
•  ”  ”  Glasgow, ii. 23, 24, 27, 108
• Carmarthen and Pembroke, ii. 15, 215
• Cheltenham and Aberystwith, i. 264; ii. 119
• Chester, ii. 15, 23, 215
• Derby and Manchester, ii. 40
• Devonport (Quicksilver), i. 246, 264, 303; ii. 22, 23, 28, 31–6, 39, 122, 182, 207, 227, 252, 295, 308, 312
• Dover, ii. 15, 23, 24, 150
•  ”  Foreign, ii. 215
• Edinburgh, ii. 23, 24, 39, 75, 295
•  ”  and Glasgow, ii. 166
• Exeter, New, i. 264
•  ”  ii. 22, 23, 28, 31, 35, 106, 151
• Falmouth, ii. 23, 31, 35
• Glasgow, i. 247; ii. 1–3
• Gloucester and Carmarthen, ii. 23
•  ”  ii. 22, 28, 215
• Halifax, ii. 23, 106
• Hastings, ii. 23, 24, 215, 237
• Holyhead, ii. 15, 23, 207, 315
• Hull, ii. 23
• Ipswich, ii. 150, 312
• Lancaster and Kirkby Stephen, ii. 152
• Leeds, ii. 23, 24
• Liverpool, ii. 23
•  ”  and Manchester, ii. 12
•  ”  and Preston, ii. 27
• Louth, ii. 23, 28, 106, 235
• Lynn and Wells, ii. 23, 235
• Manchester, ii. 23
• Norwich, by Newmarket, ii. 15, 23, 215
• Plymouth and Falmouth, ii. 314
• Poole, ii. 160
• Portsmouth, ii. 23, 24, 160
• Southampton, ii. 22, 23
• Stroud, ii. 22, 23
• Wick and Thurso, ii. 40
• Worcester, ii. 23, 215, 318
• Yarmouth, ii. 23, 24
• York, ii. 150
• Stage-coaches, first established 1657, i. 2;
• considered vulgar, i. 25;
• patent for Edinburgh and Leith waggon-coach granted, 1610, i. 56;
• said to have begun about 1640, i. 57;
• John Taylor travels by the Southampton coach, 1648, i. 58–60;
• Chester Stage, first regular stage-coach, established 1657, i. 60;
• Exeter, Okehampton, Plymouth, Newark, Darlington, Ferryhill, York, Durham, Edinburgh and Wakefield stages established 1658, i. 61;
• itinerary varied to suit prospective travellers, i. 63;
• Oxford coach, 1661, i. 63;
• Preston, Lancashire, 1662, i. 63;
• horses went whole journey, i. 63;
• changed once a day, i. 63;
• Norwich coach, 1665, i. 64;
• lack of full information, about 1660–80, i. 64–74;
• early stages described by Taylor, the Water Poet, i. 65;
• described, i. 65–7, 82;
• first provided with glazed windows, about 1710, i. 67;
• agonies of travelling in, i. 63, 67, 72;
• Bath Flying Machine, 1667, i. 68;
• De Laune’s Present State of London, 1681, contains first lists of, i. 77–9;
• general in 1681, i. 77;
• opposition to, dies down, i. 79;
• fares moderate, 1684, i. 79;
• winter still, in 1731, largely a season of no coaches, i. 82;
• easily outpaced by pedestrians, about 1750, i. 82–85;
• six horses and a postilion generally used, 1754–1783, i. 85, 86, 90;
• horses changed oftener than once a day, i. 87;
• consequent acceleration, i. 88;
• beginnings of competition and rivalry, i. 89;
• agreements between proprietors, i. 89;
• consequent deceleration of coaches, i. 90;
• Edinburgh stage a “glass machine on steel springs,” 1754, i. 89;
• of 1750, described by Sir Walter Scott, i. 97;
• outside passengers first provided with seats, about 1800, i. 181;
• fore and hind boots introduced, about 1800, i. 181;
• contempt of insides for outsides, i. 181, 210;
• “Land Frigate,” London and Portsmouth, i. 182;
• springs under driving-boxes introduced about 1805, i. 185; ii. 240;
• shorter stages adopted, about 1800, i. 186;
• travel at night, from about 1780, i. 186; ii. 66;
• speed increased, i. 189;
• duty levied, 1776, i. 205;
• duty increased 1783 and 1785, i. 206;
• accidents increase, i. 206;
• Gamon’s Acts, regulating number of passengers, 1788–90, i. 206–9;
• severity of Acts of 1806 and 1811, regulating, i. 209–12;
• the law constantly broken, i. 212;
• rise and progress of the professional informers, i. 213–18;
• duties reduced, 1839, i. 218–20;
• provincial coaches despised, i. 245;
• first begin to be named, i. 282;
• opposition and rivalry of, i. 282–8;
• “machine” becomes a favourite term, about 1754, i. 286;
• introduction of “diligences,” about 1776, i. 287;
• “diligences,” originally fast, become slow, i. 288–92;
• Shillibeer’s Brighton Diligence, i. 290–92;
• the Post-Coaches and Light Post-Coaches, a fast and exclusive type, i. 292–5;
• objectionable company in, i. 294;
• “Accommodation” coaches, slow and capacious, introduced about 1800, i. 295;
• generally acquire names from about 1780, i. 295;
• the principles and system of naming described, i. 295–317;
• the public alarmed by increasing accidents, 1810–20, i. 310;
• “patent safety,” i. 309–16;
• Waude’s coaches, ii. 16;
• fast day coaches begin, 1824, ii. 173–87;
• attain speed of eleven and twelve miles an hour, ii. 179, 185;
• Cobbett on, ii. 182;
• gas-lighting of, proposed, ii. 186;
• Glasgow and Paisley coaches lit by gas 1827, ii. 186;
• increased comfort and elegance of, ii. 186;
• “short stages,” the, ii. 187–93;
• threatened by railways, ii. 208;
• rivalry, 1830–36, ii. 215–17;
• threatened by steam-carriages, 1824–38, ii. 260–68;
• run off by railways, ii. 269–74;
• long survived on branch routes, ii. 281;
• ended generally 1848, ii. 292
• Stage-coaches (mentioned at length):—
• Age, Brighton, ii. 247, 252
• Amersham and Wendover stage, ii. 281
• Bath Flying Machine, 1667, i. 68
• Bedford Times, i. 2
• Beehive, Manchester, ii. 162, 229–31
• Birmingham Flying Coach, 1742, i. 92
•  ”  Improved Flying Coach, 1758, i. 92
•  ”  and Shrewsbury Long Coach, 1753, in 4 days, i. 95
•  ”  stage, 1697, by Banbury, i. 77; in 2½ days, 1731, i. 80
• Chesham stage, ii. 281
• Chester stage, 1657, in 4 days, i. 60;
• in 5 days, i. 62;
• in 6 days, 1710, i. 73
• Coburg, Brighton, ii. 97
•  ”  Edinburgh and Perth, ii. 108
• Comet, Brighton, established 1815, i. 305–8, 312
•  ”  Southampton, ii. 207
• “Confatharrat,” Norwich, 1695, i. 80, 282
• Coronet, Brighton, ii. 251
• Criterion, Brighton, ii. 105
• Defiance, Exeter, ii. 235
•  ”  Manchester, ii. 207, 228
• Derby Dilly, the, i. 239
• Duke of Beaufort, Brighton, ii. 101
• Edinburgh stage, once a fortnight, 1658, i. 61;
• in 10 days summer, 12 winter, 1754, i. 89;
• once a month, in 12 days, 1763, i. 90
• Emerald, Bristol, ii. 207
• Estafette, Manchester, ii. 186
• Everlasting, Wolverhampton and Worcester, i. 238–40
• Exeter Fly, in 6 days, 1700, i. 80
•  ”  Flying Stage, 1739, generally 6 days, i. 90
•  ”  Fast Coach, 1752, every Monday, in 3½ days summer, 6 winter, i. 91
• Exeter stage, in 4 days, 1658, i. 61;
• in 8 days summer, 10 winter 1673, i. 74
• Expedition, Norwich, ii. 150
• Fowler’s Shrewsbury stage, 1753, in 3½ days, i. 95
• Glasgow and Edinburgh stage, 1678, in 3 days, i. 76; 1743, i. 76
•  ”  ”   ”  Caravan, 1749, in 2 days, i. 77
• Glasgow and Edinburgh Fly, 1759, in 1½ days, i. 77
• Gloucester Old Stage, ii. 240
• Greyhound, Birmingham, ii. 207
• Hull and York stage, 1678, i. 74
• Independent Tally-Ho, Birmingham, ii. 215
• Land Frigate, Portsmouth, i. 182
• Lark, Leicester and Nottingham, ii. 110
• Leeds Flying Coach, 1760, in 4 days, i. 93
• Lewes and Brighthelmstone Flying Machine, 1762, i. 283
•  ”  stage, i. 283
• Liverpool Flying Machine, 1758, in 3 days, i. 93
• Magnet, Cheltenham, ii. 207
• Maidenhead and Marlow Post-Coach, i. 294
• Manchester Flying Coach, 1754, in 4½ days, i. 92
• Nelson, Newcastle-on-Tyne, i. 67
• Newcastle Flying Coach, 1734, in 9 days, i. 87
• Nimrod, Shrewsbury, ii. 215
• Norwich stage, 1665, i. 64
• Oxford Flying Coach, 1669, in 1 day, i. 69
•  ”  stage, 1661, in 2 days, i. 63, 68
• Peveril of the Peak, Manchester, ii. 107, 229, 237
• Potter, Manchester and Stafford, ii. 150
• Preston, Lancashire, stage, 1662, i. 63
• Prince of Wales, Birmingham and Shrewsbury, i. 185, 231; ii. 240, 307
• Quicksilver, Brighton, ii. 102–5
• Red Rover, Brighton, ii. 311
•  ”  Liverpool, ii. 207
•  ”  Manchester, ii. 162, 229, 277
• Regent, Stamford, ii. 207
• Rocket, London and Portsmouth, ii. 320
• Rockingham, Leeds, ii. 81
• Safety, Cambridge, i. 241
• Salop Machine, the “original,” 1774, i. 98
• Shrewsbury Caravan, 1750, in 4 days, i. 119
• Sovereign, Patent Safety, Brighton, i. 311
• Stag, Shrewsbury, ii. 216
• Star, Cambridge, i. 241; ii. 257, 299
• Taglioni, Windsor, i. 316
• Tally-Ho, Birmingham, ii. 214, 237
•  ”  Plymouth and Falmouth, ii. 314
• Tantivy, Birmingham, i. 278, 317; ii. 185, 207, 237
• Telegraph, Cambridge, ii. 207, 299
•  ”  Exeter, i. 300–303; ii. 34, 39, 227, 295, 313
•  ”  Manchester, i. 300; ii. 185, 207, 227–9
• Telegraph, Southampton, ii. 306
•  ”  Norwich, by Newmarket, ii. 15, 150
• Times, Bedford, i. 2; ii. 217
•  ”  Brighton and Southampton, ii. 113
•  ”  Cambridge, i. 241
• True Blue, Leeds and Wakefield, ii. 97
• Umpire, Liverpool, ii. 217
• Union, King’s Lynn, i. 250; ii. 300, 302–5
• Wakefield stage, 1658, in 4 days, i. 61
• Warwick ”  1694, once a week, in 2 days, i. 80
• Wellington, Newcastle-on-Tyne, ii. 66–95
• Wonder, Shrewsbury, ii. 49, 185, 215, 227, 306
• Worcester Old Fly, ii. 241
• York stage, 1658, in 4 days, i. 61;
• 1673, i. 74;
• 1706, i. 75
• Coaching Age, began 1657, i. 2, 60;
• end of, ii. 260–91;
• long survived on branch routes, ii. 281;
• ended generally by 1848, ii. 292
• Coaching Notabilities:—
• Barrymores, Earls of, ii. 241
• Cotton, Sir St. Vincent, ii. 246–51, 257
• Jones, C. Tyrwhitt, ii. 251
• Kenyon, Hon. Thomas, ii. 233
• Lade, Sir John, ii. 241
• Lennox, Lord William, i. 278, 347
• Mellish, Colonel, ii. 241, 245
• Mytton, John, ii. 245
• Peyton, Sir Henry, ii. 233
• Stevenson, Henry, ii. 247, 251–4
• Warburton, R. E. E., i. 317–19
• Warde, John, i. 185, 231, 317; ii. 240
• Worcester, Marquis of (afterwards 7th Duke of Beaufort), ii. 101, 251
• Coachmen, forbidden to allow amateurs to drive, i. 209;
• penalties on, for misdemeanours, i. 209–11;
• the early, i. 221–30;
• the later, i. 231–48;
• the “flash men,” i. 235;
• denounced violently by Borrow, i. 235–8;
• described, ii. 72–4, 83–7, 91–4; ii. 174–7;
• “shoulder” fares and “swallow” passengers, ii. 200–203;
• contempt of, for railways, 1833–37, ii. 268;
• lose their occupation, ii. 278–81;
• what became of the, ii. 292–321
• Coachmen:—
• Abingdon, John, ii. 318
• Bailey, Jack, i. 231; ii. 240
• Brewer, Sampson, ii. 315
• Carter, Philip, ii. 311
• Clements, Wm., ii. 311
• Cracknell, E., i. 318; ii. 185
• Creery, Jack, ii. 152
• Cross, Thomas, i. 238; ii. 299–306
• Emmens, Joe, i. 228
• Hayward, Sam, ii. 306
• Holmes, Charles, ii. 316
• Howse, Jerry, ii. 186
• Jobson, John, ii. 307
• Layfield, Tom, ii. 91
• Marsh, Matthew, ii. 308
• Parker, ——, ii. 319
• Peers, Jack, ii. 306
• Pickett, A., i. 315; ii. 306
• Pointer, Robert, ii. 320
• Salisbury, Harry, ii. 185
• Salter, Wm., ii. 316
• Simpson, Harry, ii. 308
• Thorogood, John, i. 238
• Vaughan, Dick, ii. 299
• Vickers, Dick, ii. 315
• Walton, Jo, i. 241; ii. 257, 299
• Ward, Charles, i. 238; ii. 120, 311–15
•  ”  Harry, i. 238, 246; ii. 311
• Williams, Bill, ii. 257–9
• Wilson, John, i. 238–40
•  ”  William, i. 240
• Coachmen killed:—
• Aiken, ——, ii. 106
• Austin, ——, ii. 106
• Burnett, ——, ii. 107
• Cherry, ——, ii. 116
• Crouch, Thomas, ii. 107
• Draing, James, ii. 115
• Eyles, ——, ii. 116
• Fleet, ——, ii. 101
• Frisby, ——, ii. 110
• Roberts, Thomas, ii. 106
• Skinner, Henry, ii. 317
• Upfold, William, ii. 113
• Vaughan, Dick, ii. 299
• Walker, Joseph, ii. 98
• Wilkes, John, ii. 318
• Coach-proprietors, alarmed by establishment of mail-coaches, 1784, i. 160;
• provide driving-boxes with springs, 1805, i. 185;
• petition against Bill regulating stage-coaches, 1788, i. 208;
• liabilities of, i. 208–10; prosecuted and fined, i. 216;
• relief of, at close of coaching age, by reduction of duties, i. 218–20;
• begin to name their coaches, i. 282;
• indisposed to adopt “safety” coaches, 1805, i. 309;
• obliged by public opinion to do so, 1819, i. 311–16;
• hazardous business of, from 1824, ii. 173;
• cut fares in competition, 1834, ii. 187;
• bitter rivalry among, i. 283, ii. 215–18;
• of short stages, ii. 187;
• business of, described, ii. 194–238;
• spirited struggle of, against railways, ii. 273–8;
• misled by irresponsible newspaper talk, ii. 274–7
• Coach-proprietors:—
• Alexander, Israel, ii. 102
• Batchelor, James, of Lewes, i. 283–5
• Brawne, S., i. 283
• Bretherton, of Liverpool, ii. 238
• Capps, Thomas Ward, of Brighton, ii. 253
• Carter, of Shrewsbury, i. 109
• Chaplin, William, of the “Swan with Two Necks,” Lad Lane, ii. 34, 141, 173–5, 195–210, 212, 228, 238, 312
• Chaplin, William Augustus, ii. 210
• Chaplin & Horne, ii. 209
• Cooper, Thomas, of Thatcham, ii. 173
• Costar & Waddell, of Oxford, ii. 186
• Cripps, William, of Brighton, ii. 251
• Cross, John, of the “Golden Cross,” Charing Cross, ii. 300
• Fagg, Thomas, of the “Bell and Crown,” Holborn, ii. 235
• Gilbert, William, of the “Blossoms” Inn, Lawrence Lane, ii. 237
• Goodman, S., of Brighton, ii. 102–5
• Grey, Robert, of the “Bolt-in-Tun,” Fleet Street, ii. 237
• Hearn, Joseph, of the “King’s Arms,” Snow Hill, ii. 237
• Hine, ——, of Brighton, ii. 181
• Horne, Benjamin Worthy, of the “Golden Cross,” Charing Cross, ii. 15, 141, 208, 210–25
• Horne, Henry, ii. 223
•  ”  William, ii. 210–13, 215
• Jobson, J., of Shrewsbury, ii. 215, 307
• Mountain, Mrs. Sarah Ann, of the “Saracen’s Head,” Snow Hill, ii. 214, 236
• Nelson, Mrs. Ann, of the “Bull” Inn, Whitechapel, i. 300; ii. 227, 232–5, 236; ii. 313, 343
• Nelson, John, ii. 235
•  ”  Robert, of the “Belle Sauvage,” Ludgate Hill, ii. 215, 229–35
• Roberts, ——, of the “White Horse,” Fetter Lane, ii. 213
• Rothwell, Nicholas, of Warwick, i. 80–85
• Sherman, Edward, of the “Bull and Mouth,” St. Martin’s-le-Grand, ii. 186, 207, 215, 216, 217, 226–8, 229, 231, 273–8
• Shillibeer, George, i. 290–92
• Taylor, Isaac, of Shrewsbury, ii. 215, 216, 307
• Teather, Edward, of Carlisle, ii. 238
• Tubb, J., i. 283–5
• Waddell, of Birmingham, ii. 238
• Ward, Charles, ii. 313–15
• Waterhouse, William, of the “Swan with Two Necks,” Lad Lane, ii. 196
• Webb, Frederic, of Bolton, ii. 238
• Wetherald, J. & Co., of Manchester, ii. 238, 278
• Whitchurch, Best & Wilkins, of Brighton, i. 312–15
• Willans, Wm., of the “Bull and Mouth,” St. Martin’s-le-Grand, ii. 227
• Worcester, Marquis of (afterwards 7th Duke of Beaufort), ii. 101
• Coach travelling, on the roof, described by Moritz, 1782, i. 99–102;
• by mail, 1798, described by Boulton, i. 179;
• passengers booked in advance, i. 321;
• miseries of early morning, i. 325–32;
• about 1750, described in Roderick Random, i. 333;
• courtesies to ladies, 1714, i. 335;
• romance of, i. 336;
• severe test of a gentleman, i. 337;
• humours of coach-dinners, i. 337–47;
• coach-breakfasts, i. 347–51;
• social gulf between inside and outside passengers, i. 351;
• described by De Quincey, i. 351–3;
• humour in, i. 353;
• adventures described, i. 355;
• savage idea of humour, i. 356–8;
• practical joking, i. 357;
• outside the most desirable place in summer, ii. 67;
• in 1772, ii. 48–65;
• in 1830, ii. 66–95;
• miseries of, in winter, ii. 155–8, 169
• “Comet” coaches, begin about 1811, i. 304–8
• Commercial travellers, known successively as “riders,” “bagmen,” “travellers,” “commercial gentlemen,” “ambassadors of commerce,” and “representatives,” i. 56;
• come into existence about 1730, i. 118;
• adventure of a, ii. 328
• “Common stage-waggons,” a term specified by General Turnpike Act of 1766, i. 204
• Cornets-à-piston, popular with guards, i. 280
• Cresset, John, denounces stage-coaches, 1662, i. 26, 70–74
• Darwin, Dr. Erasmus, prophesies railways and balloons, ii. 260, 282
• “Derby Dilly,” the, i. 289
• Dickens, Charles, on coach booking-offices, i. 322;
• on miseries of early morning travelling, i. 325–32;
• on coaching prints, ii. 110;
• Christmas stories, ii. 162;
• at the “Bull,” Whitechapel, ii. 234
• Diligences, a species of Light Post-Coach, i. 160, 287–92;
• originally fast, and carried three inside passengers only, i. 287;
• became slow, i. 288–90;
• Shillibeer’s Brighton Diligence, i. 290–92
• “Double Horse,” the, i. 53
• Eliot, George, foreshadows tube railways, ii. 282–5
• Elizabeth, Queen, suffers from riding in carriage, i. 5;
• prefers riding horseback, i. 5
• Fares, by stage-coach, a shilling for every five miles, 1684, i. 79;
• London and Bath, £1 5s., 1667, i. 69;
• Bath Flying Machine, 3d. a mile, 1667, i. 69;
• London and Oxford, 12s., 1669, i. 71;
• 10s., 1671, i. 71;
• Liverpool Flying Machine, about 2½d. a mile, 1758, i. 93;
• reduced in competition on Brighton Road, 1762, i. 284;
• in competition with railways, 1838, ii. 273;
• Shrewsbury and London Long Coach, 18s., 1753, i. 95;
• Shrewsbury and London Caravan, 15s., 1750, i. 119;
• Shrewsbury and London Stage, inside, £1 1s., 1753, i. 119;
• Shrewsbury and London Machine, inside, 30s., 1764, i. 120;
• Newcastle and London, 1772, ii. 63;
• 1830, ii. 67, 95;
• reduced all round, 1834, ii. 187
• Fares, Short stages, ii. 189
•  ” Waggon, from ½d. to 1d. a mile, i. 69, 139;
• ½d. a mile, or 1s. a day, i. 120, 131
• Floods, ii. 165–70
• Fly Boats, i. 140; ii. 130
• ”  Vans, London and Falmouth, 1820, i. 136–9
• “Flying Coach,” the first, 1669, i. 69
• “Flying Machines,” the first, 1667, i. 68;
• described, i. 68–93, 283–5
• Flying Stage-waggon, London and Shrewsbury, in 5 days, 1750, i. 118
• Gamon, Sir Richard, legislates on coaching, i. 206–8
• Gay, John, the Poet, his Journey to Exeter, 1715, i. 28–33
• Goods, carriage of, by pack-horses, i. 106–111; ii. 124;
• by sledges, called “Truckamucks,” i. 107;
• pack-horses partly replaced by waggons about 1730, i. 117;
• cost of carriage, 1750, i. 135;
• by road and canal, about 1830, i. 140;
• carrying firms, ii. 123–43, 207–10
• Guards, generally, “shoulder” fares and “swallow” passengers, ii. 200–203
• Guards of mails, not to fire off blunderbusses unnecessarily, i. 209;
• servants of General Post Office, i. 249;
• gross excesses of early, i. 250–52;
• Post Office responsible for excesses, i. 251;
• how armed and equipped, i. 251–60;
• extravagant behaviour restricted, i. 252;
• appointments eagerly sought, i. 252;
• salary small, 10s. 6d. weekly, i. 253;
• “tips” render appointments valuable, i. 253;
• illegal purveyors of game, i. 254;
• trusted and confidential messengers, i. 255;
• as smugglers, i. 256;
• bravery of, and devotion to duty, i. 256;
• number of, i. 256;
• responsibilities of, i. 258;
• purveyors of news, i. 259;
• their duties, i. 261;
• instructions to, i. 262;
• prosperity of, i. 262;
• position poor on cross-country mails, i. 263;
• salaries raised, 1842, i. 263;
• forbidden to play key-bugle, i. 280;
• devoted to duty, ii. 160;
• rashness of, ii. 165
• Guards of mails:—
• Couldery, —, i. 265; ii. 120
• Kent, Luke, ii. 319
• Murrell, “Cocky,” i. 271
• Nobbs, Moses J., i. 264–71; ii. 119
• Guards of stage-coaches, i. 272–81;
• stages not always provided with, i. 272;
• versatile accomplishments of, i. 273;
• annual festivities of, i. 275–8;
• snowbound at Dunchurch, ii. 162
• Guards of stage-coaches:—
• Faulkner, Francis, ii. 320
• Goodwin, Jack, ii. 162
• Hadley, Robert, i. 274, 276
• Lord, Joe, ii. 152
• Russell, Thomas, i. 281
• Young, George, i. 273
• Guide-posts obligatory, 1690, i. 112
• Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy, inventor of steam-carriages, ii. 261–5, 285
• Hackney coaches, denounced by Taylor, i. 9;
• established 1605, i. 9–13
• “Hammercloth,” derivation of the term, i. 68, 97
• Hancock, Walter, inventor of steam-carriages, ii. 261, 264–8, 285
• Hazlett, Robert, highwayman, ii. 53
• Highwaymen, the, i. 85, 116, 120–23, 157, 186, 332–5; ii. 53, 59–61, 144–50, 326, 327–9
• Hobson, Thomas, the Cambridge carrier, i. 65, 103–5, 205; ii. 124
• Hoby, Sir Thos., sets up a carriage, 1566, i. 4
• Horsemen, the, i. 14–56
• Horses, generally six to a coach until about 1783–90, i. 85, 86, 90;
• usually same horses from beginning to end of journey until 1734, i. 63, 87;
• the “Double Horse,” i. 53;
• “parliamentary horse,” i. 218;
• fast coaches wear horses out quickly, 1824, ii. 173;
• average price paid for, 1824, ii. 176;
• system of working improved, 1824, ii. 176;
• bad-tempered, bought cheap, ii. 177
• Informers, i. 213–18
• Inns (mentioned at length):—
• Bell and Crown, Holborn, ii. 235
• Belle Sauvage, Ludgate Hill, i. 323, 324; ii. 229, 237
• Blossoms, Lawrence Lane, ii. 185, 229, 237
• Boar and Castle, Oxford Street, ii. 189
• Bolt-in-Tun, Fleet Street, ii. 215, 237
• Bull, Whitechapel, i. 324; ii. 227, 232–5, 343
• Bull and Mouth, St. Martin’s-le-Grand, i. 323, 324; ii. 67, 68, 147, 178, 214, 215, 226, 231, 273, 277
• Four Crosses, Willoughby, i. 46
• George, Huntingdon, ii. 74
• Golden Cross, Charing Cross, i. 322, 323, 324, 329; ii. 210, 213, 214
• Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul’s Churchyard, ii. 189, 296
• Green Man and Still, Oxford Street, ii. 190
• Hardwicke Arms, Arrington Bridge, ii. 73
• King’s Arms, Snow Hill, ii. 237
• Lion, Shrewsbury, ii. 215
• Old Bell, Holborn, ii. 190, 282
• Pelican, Speenhamland, ii. 340, 343
• Saracen’s Head, Snow Hill, i. 324; ii. 67, 214, 236
• Swan with Two Necks, Lad Lane, i. 323, 324; ii. 178, 195–9, 204, 228
• Talbot, Shrewsbury, ii. 215
• Three Tuns, Durham, ii. 340
• Wheatsheaf, Rushyford Bridge, ii. 94
• Winterslow Hut, ii. 151
• “Journey,” original meaning of word, i. 107
• Key-bugles, popular with guards, i. 279–81
• Legislation, i. 194–220
• Long coaches (an intermediate class of vehicle, between stage-coaches and waggons), i. 95, 119, 210, 286
• Long Coach, Birmingham and Shrewsbury, 1753, 3½ days to London, i. 119
• “Machines” introduced 1667, i. 68;
• the term in general use about 1740, i. 69, 120, 282;
• a favourite term, i. 286
• Mail-coaches—see “Coaches: Mail-coaches”
• Mary, Queen, her State Coach, 1553, i. 3
• Matthews’ Patent Safety Coach, i. 312
• Milton, Rev. W., inventor of Patent Safety Coach, 1805, i. 309; ii. 96
• Motor-cars, early (1823–38), ii. 260–68;
• modern, ii. 285–9, 347
• Northumberland, Earl of, sets up a carriage, 1619, i. 8
• Nunn, James, buyer of horses for Chaplin, ii. 204–7
• Old-time travellers:—
• Brome, Rev.—, tour of, 1700, ii. 333
• Calderwood, Mrs., of Bolton and Coltness, 1756, ii. 334
• Cary, Robert, rides from London to Edinburgh, 1603, i. 16
• Charles VI., Emperor, visits Petworth, ii. 332
• Clarendon, Henry, Earl of, travels from Chester to Holyhead, 1685, i. 21
• Cobbett, Richard, rides horseback, i. 55;
• on coaches, ii. 181
• Denmark, Prince George of, visits Petworth, ii. 332
• De Quincey, Thomas, on contempt of inside passengers for outsides, i. 210, 351–3;
• prefers outside of coaches, ii. 67
• Dugdale, Sir William, mentions Birmingham coach of 1697, i. 77
• Fiennes, Celia, in Lancashire, 1691, surprised at finding sign-posts, i. 115
• Gay, John (the poet) A Journey to Exeter, 1715, i. 28–33
• Hawker, Col., on travelling in 1812, i. 245;
• on cost of journey, London to Glasgow, 1812, ii. 1–3, 4;
• on “Bull and Mouth” inn, 1812, ii. 227
• Johnson, Dr., i. 52–3
• Macready, William C. (the actor), on incredibly slow journey, Liverpool to London, 1811, i. 294
• Moritz, Rev. C. H., on miseries of outside passengers, 1782, i. 98–102
• Murray, Rev. James, describes a journey from Newcastle-on-Tyne to London, 1772, ii. 48–65
• Parker, Edward, on miseries of coach journey from Preston, Lancashire, 1662, i. 25–63
• Pepys, Samuel, often loses the road, i. 112
• Somerset, Dukes of, and Petworth, ii. 332
• Sopwith, Thomas, on discontinuance of York Mail, ii. 39
• Sorbière, Samuel de, on waggoners, 1663, i. 127
• Swift, Jonathan, Dean, his couplets for inn signs on Penmaenmawr, i. 21;
• on horseback journey, Chester to London, 1710, i. 33, 73;
• on journey London to Holyhead and Dublin, 1726, i. 33;
• diary of journey, London to Holyhead, 1727, i. 34–47;
• epigram at Willoughby, i. 46;
• travels by stage-waggon, i. 132;
• on travelling, ii. 330
• Taylor, John (the “Water Poet”), travels to Southampton, 1648, i. 58–60
• Thoresby, Ralph, travels by York stage to London, 1683, i. 27, 73;
• finds the Hull to York stage discontinued for winter season, 1678, i. 74;
• going horseback, often misses his way, i. 112;
• describes custom of treating lady passengers in coaches, 1714, i. 335;
• on spring festivities, 1714, ii. 346
• Wesley, John, generally travelled horseback, i. 47;
• describes his adventures, i. 47–52;
• finds unpleasant company in a coach, i. 293
• Omnibuses, displace “short stages,” ii. 193;
• “Wellington,” Stratford and Westbourne Grove, ii. 235;
• of Richmond Conveyance Co., ii. 296
• Outside passengers first heard of, and probable origin of carrying, i. 95;
• miseries of, i. 98–102;
• first provided with seats, i. 181;
• treated with contempt by inside passengers, i. 210, 351–3; ii. 181
• Pack-horses, i. 106–9, 111, 118;
• partly replaced by waggons about 1730, i. 117;
• pack-horse trains, ii. 124
• Palmer, John, Post Office reformer, account of, i. 148–80 (Appendix, Vol. I., p. 359);
• proposes a service of mail-coaches, i. 155;
• plan for, matured 1782, i. 156;
• establishes first mail-coach, 1784, i. 158;
• proposes to extend system to France, i. 163;
• appointed Comptroller-General 1786, i. 164;
• contentions with Postmasters-General, i. 165–72;
• his character, i. 166;
• betrayed by Bonnor, i. 168;
• dismissed, i. 172;
• grant to, i. 173;
• death of, i. 174;
• ancestry of, Appendix, Vol. I., p. 359;
• descendants, 359
• “Parliamentary Horse,” the, i. 218
• “Patent Safety” coaches, i. 309–16; ii. 109
• Pepys, Samuel, sets up a carriage, 1668, i. 11;
• in travelling, often loses the road, i. 112
• “Pickaxe” team, i.e. three horses, ii. 270
• Pickford & Co., i. 139; ii. 123–43, 208
•  ”  Matthew, ii. 125–7
•  ”  Thomas, ii. 125–7
• Poor people, how they travelled, i. 115, 131–3, 139;
• find it cheaper to go by rail, i. 144
• Postboys, i.e. mail-carriers, i. 146, 152;
• went toll-free, ii. 5
• Postes, Master of the, i. 14
• Post-horses, State monopoly of, i. 14–23;
• monopoly abolished, 1780, i. 23;
• mileage charges for, i. 15;
• increased, i. 18
• Postmaster-General, office of created, 1657, i. 18
• Postmasters, i.e. keepers of post-horses, i. 15–18, 147
• “Post Office of England” created, 1657, i. 17;
• re-established, 1660, i. 22
• Post Office, General, i. 14–19, 20, 22–4, 46–180;
• declines Hancock’s offer to convey mails by steam-carriage, ii. 268
• Railways:—
• Mails first carried by, 1830, ii. 16;
• authorised to convey mails, 1838, ii. 16;
• run York coaches off road, 1840, ii. 39;
• run waggons off, ii. 138;
• threaten coaching, ii. 208;
• projected railways criticised, 1838, ii. 209;
• ruin the early steam-carriages, ii. 268;
• ridiculed, 1837, ii. 268;
• cut up the coach routes, ii. 270–74;
• bad service of trains, 1838, ii. 274;
• insolence of officials, ii. 274–7;
• public dissatisfaction with, 1838, ii. 274–7;
• tube railways foreshadowed by George Eliot, ii. 282–5
• Grand Junction, ii. 141, 274
• Highland, ii. 40
• Liverpool and Manchester, ii. 16, 96, 138
• London and Birmingham (now London and North-Western), ii. 141, 208, 222–5, 273, 278
• London and Manchester, ii. 16, 96, 138
• London and Southampton (now London and South-Western), ii. 17, 36, 209, 299
• Metropolitan extended to Aylesbury 1892, ii. 281
• North British, ii. 40
• “Ride and Tie,” custom of, i. 54
• Rippon, Walter, carriage-maker to Queen Mary, i. 4
• Roads, bad state of, 1568, i. 5;
• dreadful condition in North Wales in eighteenth century, i. 20–22;
• Exeter Road described in 1752 as “dreadful,” i. 91;
• first General Highway Act, 1555, i. 106;
• mere tracks and unenclosed, 1739, i. 111;
• not safe for solitary travellers, i. 115;
• gradually improve from 1700, i. 117;
• growth of heavy traffic cuts them up, i. 123;
• ignorance of road-surveyors, i. 123;
• legislation to protect, 1760, i. 123–6;
• 1622–29, 194–6;
• 1752, i. 199–202;
• General Turnpike Act, 1766, i. 202–5;
• improve generally, ii. 3;
• shocking state of, between Carlisle and Glasgow, 1812, ii. 4;
• wear and tear of, by mails, ii. 4–9;
• and early steam-carriages, ii. 262;
• vulgarised by modern “improvements,” ii. 326;
• terrible state of, in Sussex, ii. 332;
• picturesqueness of, threatened by coming changes, ii. 347
• Robberies from coaches, ii. 144–50
• “Rumble-tumble,” i. 96, 97, 99;
• miseries of travelling in the, i. 101, 139
• Rutland, Earl of, sets up a carriage, 1555
• Shillibeer, George, his “Brighton Diligence,” i. 290–92;
• his omnibuses, ii. 193
• Short stages, the, ii. 188–93
• “Short Tommy,” the, ii. 175
• “Shouldering,” i.e. stealing, fares, ii. 200–203
• Sign-posts obligatory, 1690, i. 112
• Silver, Anthony, carriage-maker to Queen Mary, i. 3
• Smollett, Tobias, i. 108, 110;
• on travelling in 1748, i. 115–17, 334
• Snowstorms, i. 261, 264–9; ii. 137, 157, 159–62, 166–9
• Stage-coaches—see “Coaches: stage-coaches”
• Stage-waggons, established about 1500, i. 2: see “Waggons”
• Steam-carriages, 1823–38, ii. 217, 260–68
• Sunday, a day of rest, i. 29, 90
•  ”  Trading Acts, i. 196–9; ii. 148
• “Swallowing,” i.e. stealing, fares, ii. 200–203
• Talbot, the old English hound, i. 109
• “Tantivy,” meaning of the word, ii. 185
• “Tantivy Trot,” coaching song, ii. 185
• Telegraph coaches established, from about 1781, i. 300–303
• Telegraph springs introduced, ii. 228
• “Tipping,” origin and progress of, i. 228–30;
• of mail-guards, i. 253, 262;
• forbidden, i. 263;
• of coachmen, i. 345; ii. 1
• Tom Brown’s Schooldays, i. 347
• “Travel,” origin of the word, i. 107
• “Truckamuck,” a kind of sledge, i. 107
• Turnpike Acts, growth of, 1700–1770, i. 117;
• penalise narrow and encourage broad wheels, i. 124–6, 202–205;
• General Turnpike Act, 1766, i. 202–205
• Turnpike keepers, i. 24, 208, 212;
• prosecuted by informers, i. 217;
• sleepy, ii. 79
• Turnpike roads, not in favour with waggoners, i. 126
• Turnpike tolls, i. 124;
• levied on waggons, i. 200–205;
• doubled on Sundays about 1780, ii. 147;
• heavy discriminatory charges against steam-carriages, ii. 262, 263
• Turnpike Trusts, grievances of, against Post Office, ii. 4–9;
• action of, against steam-carriages, ii. 262, 263
• “Unicorn” team, i.e. three horses, ii. 270
• Van, origin of the name, ii. 129
• Van proprietors:—
• Chaplin & Horne, ii. 209, 229
• Pickford & Co., i. 123–43
• Russell & Co., i. 136–9
• Van proprietors prosecuted for technical offences, i. 216
• Vidler & Parratt, mail-coach manufacturers, i. 178; ii. 17, 18, 44
• Waggons, i. 103–45;
• established about 1500, i. 103;
• increase in number and weight about 1760, i. 123;
• legislation directed against 1766, i. 124–6, 202–204;
• only disappear so late as 1860, i. 144;
• four-wheeled waggons forbidden 1622, i. 194;
• loads over 20 cwt. forbidden 1622, i. 195;
• restrictions on teams, i. 195–200;
• on loads, i. 200
• Waggoners, character of the, i. 126–31;
• forbidden to ride on their waggons, i. 205;
• preyed upon by informers, i. 212–14
• Waude, ——, coach-builder, ii. 16, 43–7, 228
• Weller, Tony, as typical coachman, i. 221
• Witherings, Thomas, Master of the Postes, i. 17
• Yard-porters, status of, ii. 178
• York, James, Duke of, sets up a “glass coach,” 1661, i. 11, 66