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Studies in the Theory of Descent, Volume I cover

Studies in the Theory of Descent, Volume I

Chapter 15: EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
By August Weismann
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About This Book

Through detailed entomological observations and experiments, the work analyzes variation and inheritance, using caterpillar coloration and seasonal dimorphism in butterflies as primary case studies. It examines how developmental stages reveal phylogenetic relationships, applying ontogenetic evidence to classification and the origin of larval patterns. The text critiques the idea of an innate drive toward perfection and weighs environmental causes, natural selection, isolation, and climatic shifts such as glacial periods as agents of change. Additional discussions address degeneration, phyletic parallelism in metamorphic species, and methodological implications for evolutionary theory.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate I.

Fig. 1. Male Araschnia Levana, winter form.

Fig. 2. Female A. Levana, winter form.

Fig. 3. Male A. Levana, artificially bred intermediate form (so-called Porima).

Fig. 4. Female A. Levana, intermediate form (Porima), artificially bred from the summer generation, agreeing perfectly in marking with the winter form, and only to be distinguished from it by the somewhat darker ground colour.

Fig. 5. Male A. Levana, summer form (Prorsa).

Fig. 6. Female A. Levana, summer form (Prorsa).

Figs. 7 to 9. Intermediate forms (Porima), artificially bred from the first summer generation.

Figs. 10 and 11. Male and female Pieris Napi, winter form, artificially bred from the summer generation; the yellow ground-colour of the underside of the hind wings brighter than in the natural winter form.

Figs. 12 and 13. Male and female Pieris Napi, summer form.

Figs. 14 and 15. Pieris Napi, var. Bryoniæ, male and female reared from eggs.

Plate II.

Fig. 16. Papilio Ajax, var. Telamonides, winter form.

Fig. 17. P. Ajax, var. Marcellus, summer form.

Fig. 18. Plebeius Agestis (Alexis, Scop.), German winter form.

Fig. 19. P. Agestis (Alexis, Scop.), German summer form.

Fig. 20. P. Agestis (Alexis, Scop.), Italian summer form. (The chief difference between figs. 19 and 20 lies on the under-side, which could not be here represented.)

Fig. 21. Polyommatus Phlæas, winter form, from Sardinia; the German winter and summer generations are perfectly similar.

Fig. 22. P. Phlæas, summer form, from Genoa.

Fig. 23. Pararga Ægeria, from Freiburg, Baden.

Fig. 24. P. Meione, southern climatic form of Ægeria from Sardinia.

END OF PART I.