This Francklin translates thus: “Left at last, a slave to those whom most on earth I hate.”
Antigone, line 202.——τοὺς δὲ δουλώσας ἄγειν.
Francklin thus—“And made you slaves.”
Idem, line 478.
Thus—“’Tis not for slaves to be so haughty.”
Idem, line 517.——οὐ γάρ τι δοῦλος, ἀλλ’ ἀδελφὸς ὤλετο.
Thus—“He was a brother, not a slave.”
Idem, line 756.——γυναικὸς ὥν δούλευμα, μὴ κώτιλλέ με.
Thus—“Think not to make me thus thy scorn and laughter, thou woman’s slave.”
Ajax, line 489.——νῦν δ’ εἰμι δούλη.
Thus—“Though now a wretched slave.”
499.——ξύν παιδὶ τῷ σῷ δουλὶαν ἕξειν τροφήν.
Thus—“And thy loved son shall eat the bread of slavery.”
1020.——δοῦλος λόγοισιν ἀντ’ ἐλευθέρου φανείς.
Francklin thus——“And to slavery doomed.”
1235.——ταῦτ’ οὐκ ἀκούειν μεγάλα πρὸς δούλων κακά;
Thus——“Shall we be thus insulted by our slaves?”
1289.——ὁ δοῦλος, ὁ ἐκ τῆς βαρβάρου μητρὸς γεγώς.
Thus——“I am a slave, born of a barbarian mother.”
Oedipus Tyrannus, line 1062——
Thus——“Were I descended from a race of slaves, ’twould not dishonour thee.”
1123.——ἦ δοῦλος, οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλ’ οἴκοι τραφείς.
Thus——“Although I am a slave, yet I was not purchased, but born and reared up in his house.”
1168.——ἦν δοῦλος, ἤ κείνου τις ἐγγενὴς γεγώς;
Thus—“Was he the son of a slave; if not, of whom?”
Oedipus Coloneus, line 917—
Francklin thus—“Or didst thou think I valued a desert land, or that my people were a race of slaves?”
Trachiniæ, line 53.——δούλαις, female slaves.
Line 63—
Francklin thus—“This woman, though a slave, hath spoken what would have well become the mouth of freedom’s self to utter.”
257.——ξύν παισὶ καὶ γυναικὶ δουλώσειν ἔτι.
Thus—“And bind in slavery his wife and all his race.”
267.——φωνεῖ δέ, δοῦλος ἀνδρὸς ὡς ἐλεύθερου ῥαίοιτο.
Francklin thus—“And said a slave like him should bend beneath a freeman’s power.”
283.——πόλις δέ δούλη.
302.——τανῦν δε δοῦλον ἴοχουσιν βίον.
367.——οὐδ’ ὥς τε δούλην.
467.——ἔπερσε κᾳδουλωσεν.
Philoctetes, line 995——
Aristophanes, Ranæ (Batrachoi), line 191——
531.——ὡς δοῦλος ὤν καὶ θνητός.
541.——εἰ Ξανθίας μὲν δοῦλος ὤν.
584.——δοῦλος ἅμα καὶ θνὸτος ὤν;
632.——ἀθάνατος εἰναί φημι Διόνυσος Διὸς, τοῦτον δὲ δοῦλον.
694.——κᾀντὶ δούλων δεσπότας.
742.——ὅτι, δοῦλος ὤν, ἔφασκες εἶναι δεσπότης.
743.——
949.——ἀλλ’ ἔλεγεν ἡ γυνή τ’ ἐμοὶ χῷ δοῦλος οὐδὲν ἧττον.
Aves (Ornithes), line 69.——ὄσνις ἔγωγε δοῦλος.
Line 763—
911.——ἔὣπειτα δῆτα δοῦλος ὣν κόμην ἔχεις.
Equites (Hyppes), line 44—
Lysistrate, line 330.——δούλῃσιν ὠστιζομένη.
Acharnenses, 401—
ὅθ’ ὁ δοῦλος οὑτωσὶ σαφῶς ἀπεκρίνατο.
Vespæ (Sphekes), 517—
Line 602—
ἥν δουλείαν οὖσαν ἔφασκες χὐπηρεσίαν ἀποδείξειν.
Line 681—
ἀλλ’ αὐτην μοι τὴν δουλείαν οὐκ ἀποφαίνων ἀποκναίεις. οὐ γὰρ μεγάλη δουλεία στὶν, τούτους μὲν ἅπαντας ἐν ἀρχαῖς.
Thesmophoriazusæ, line 537—
564.———οὐδ’ ὡς σὺ, τῆς δοὺλης τεκούσης ἄῤῥρεν’.
Ecclesiazusæ, line 651.——οἱ δοῦλοι.
Line 721—
Homer, Iliad iii. 407—
Which Pope has paraphrased thus—
Iliad vi. 460—
We should be happy to see the exquisite tenderness of the original transferred into English. We offer:—“This is the wife of Hector, the bravest of the horse-taming Trojans, when our people fought about Ilion. Thus perchance some one will say: and this will be to thee a fresh sorrow, to feel the want of thy husband to ward off the day of slavery.”
Odyssey xiv. 339—
Pope thus—
Odyssey xxii. 421—
Pope thus—
Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris, line 130—
Line 451.——δουλείας ἐμέθεν δειλαίας παυσίπονος.
Potter thus—“And bid the toils of slavery cease.”
Troades (Trojan Dames), line 140—
“I, an old woman, am led from my home a slave.”
Idem, 159. δουλείαν αἰάζουσιν.
“Bemoan their slavery.”
186.——τῷ πρόσκειμαι δούλα τλάμων.
“Assigned a slave,” &c.
197.——δουλεύσω γραῦς.
“An old woman enslaved.”
214.——ἔνθ’ ἀντάσω Μενέλα δούλα.
“Exposed me a slave to Menelaus.”
Idem, 235—
“We are slaves of the Dorian land, even now.”
284.——φωτὶ δουλεύειν.
“I am enslaved,” &c.
599.——ζυγά δ’ ἤνυσε δούλια Τροία.
“Troy yields to the yoke of slavery.”
615.——εἰς δοῦλον ἥκει.
“Is sunk in slavery.”
661.——δουλεύσω δ’, &c.
Idem, 678—
“I go by sea to Greece, a prisoner of war, to a yoke of slavery.”
957.——κείνης δέ δοῦλός ἐστι.
“But is her slave.”
971.——πικρῶς ἐδούλευς’.
“Harshly enslaved.”
Bacchæ, 366.——γὰρ τῷ Διὸς δουλευτέον.
803.——τί δρῶντα; δουλεύοντα δουλείαις ἐμαῖς;
Potter thus—“What should I do? be to my slaves a slave?”
1028.——ὥς σε στενάζω, δοῦλος ὤν μὲν, ἀλλ’ ὅμως χρηστοῖσι δούλοις συμφορὰ τὰ δεσποτῶν.
Potter thus—
Cyclops, 76—
Helena, 283—
Potter thus—
Potter thus—
Line 728—
Potter thus—
We deem this translation defective, because it makes no distinction between the ideas conveyed by the words λάτρις and δουλος. True, at this late day, the passage is somewhat obscure. But the speaker was not a slave: he says he was born a λάτρις—a character far less elevated than the δοῦλος, yet a freeman, but possessing a greater servility of mind than even the doulos, and his condition often far more abject. The slave possessed the protection of his master; but the latris, with all the destitution and degradation incident to the lowest conditions of the freeman, often coveted the happier condition of the doulos. The idea conveyed by this messenger is literally this: “Although born a latris, I had rather be considered among the home-born slaves, not having the name of freedom, than to have merely the name; for I consider this a good choice between the two evils—the being supposed to have the base mind of the latris, and the being truly called a slave by those near us.” The substance is, he had rather be a doulos than a latris.
That he was not a slave is evident from what follows in the 797th line, where Menelaus calls him emphatically his prospolon, merely an attendant.
1630.——ἀλλὰ δεσποτῶν κρατήσεις, δοῦλος ὤν;
Potter—“Slave as thou art, wilt thou control thy lord?”
Idem, 1640.
“To home-born slaves, it is glory to die for their masters.”
Ion, line 132.——θεοῖσι δούλαν χέρ’ ἔχειν.
“To be a slave to the gods.”
182.——Φοίβῷ δουλεύσω, &c.
327.——τοῖς τοῦ θεοῦ κοσμούμεθ’, ᾧ δουλεύομεν.
556.——ἐκπεφεύγαμεν τὸ δοῦλον.
761.——δούλευμα πιστόν, &c.
837.——εκ δούλης τινός, &c.
854.——ἕν γάρ τι τοῖς δούλοισιν, &c.
855.——τοὒνομα· τὰ δ’ ἀλλα πάντα τῶν ἐλευθέρων οὐδεὶς κακίων δοῦλος, ὅστις ἐσθλὸς ᾖ.
Potter—
983.——ἐπίσημον ὁ φόνος, καὶ τὸ δοῦλον ἀσθενές.
Potter—“An open murder, and with coward slaves.”
1109.——τί δ' ἔστιν, ὦ ξύνδουλε;
“What is the matter, my fellow-slave?”
Hercules, 190.——ἀνὴρ ὁπλίτης δοῦλος ἐστι τῶν ὅπλων.
Potter—
Electra, 110.——δούλης γυναικός, female slave.
633.——δούλων γὰρ ἴδιον τοῦτο, σοὶ δὲ σύμφορον.
Potter—“Such the slave’s nature, but this favours thee.”
Line 898—
“He is thy slave now.”
Medea, line 54—
“Slaves who are faithful, suffer in the afflictions of their masters.”
Line 65.——μή, πρὸς γενείου, κρύπτε σύνδουλον σέθεν.
“Now by this beard, deceive not by secrecy thy fellow-slave.”
Hecuba, line 234—
Potter thus—
247.——τί δῆτ’ ἔλεξας, δούλος ὤν ἐμὸς τότε;
Potter—“What didst thou say, when thou wast then my slave?”
Idem, 291—
Potter thus—
331.——αἰαῖ· τὸ δοῦλον ὡς κακὸν πεφυκέναι.
“Ah well, how great the evil to have become a slave!”
356.——νῦν δ’ εἰμὶ δούλη.
“But I am now a slave.”
Idem, 365—
“And then, a female stewardess, a slave purchased somewhere, shall defile my bed.”
Idem, 444—
Potter—
495.——αὕτη δὲ δούλη, γραῦς, ἄπαις, ἐπὶ χθονι κεῖται, κόνει φύρουσα δύστηνον κάρα.
Potter—
“Herself a slave, old, childless, on the ground She lies, and soils her hoar head in the dust.”
741.——
Potter—
757.——
Potter—
798.——ἡμεῖς μὲν οὖν δοῦλοί τε κἀσθενεῖς ἴσως.
Potter—“But we are slaves, but we perchance are weak
809.——τύραννος ἦν ποτ’, ἀλλὰ νῦν δούλη σέθεν.
Potter—“Erewhile I was a queen, but now a slave.”
Idem, 864—
Potter—
1252.——
Potter—
Phœnissæ, line 94.——ὡς δούλω, as a slave.
189.——δουλείαν περιβαλών.
“To lead in slavery.”
192.——δουλοσύναν τλαίην.
“To suffer slavery.”
205.——Φοίβω δούλα. “Slave to Phœbus.”
1606.——ἀλλὰ δουλεῦσαι τέ με—Πολύβον, &c.
“Slave to Polybus,” &c.
Orestes, line 221.——ἰδοὺ τὸ δούλευμ’ ἡδύ, κοὐκ ἀναίνομαι.
Idem, 715—
937.——ἤ γυναιξὶ δουλεύειν χρεών.
Potter—“Vile slaves to your wives.”
1115.——οὐδὲν τὸ δοῦλον πρὸς τὸ μὴ δοῦλον γένος.
Such was the reply of Pylades to his friend Orestes, in reference to the Phrygian slave; and we shall close our quotations from this remarkable tragic poet, with an interview between Orestes and one of these Phrygian slaves.
Line 1522—
Orestes. Δοῦλος ὤν φοβεῖ τὸν Ἁΐδην, ὅς σ’ ἀπαλλάξει κακῶν; ΐ Slave. Πᾶς ἀνὴρ, κἂν δοῦλος ᾖ τις, ἥδεται τὸ φῶς ὁρῶν.
Potter—
Orestes. “Fears a slave death, the end of all his ills?
Slave. “To slave or free, sweet is the light of heaven.”
Alcestes, line 638—
Potter—“But, the base offspring of some slave, thy wife stole me, and put me to her breast.”
We find the following in a short notice of the life of Isocrates, by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
Page 23.——διδάσκει δ’ ὡς οὐ Μεσσηνίοις τοῖς οὐκετ’ οὖσιν, ἀλλὰ δούλοις καὶ εἵλωσιν ὁρμητηριον καὶ καταφυγὴν παρέξουσι τὴν πόλιν.
Also, page 26.——δουλευει γὰρ ἡ διάνοια πόλλακις τῷ ῥυθμῷ τε λέξεως, καὶ τῶν κομψοῦ λείπεται τὸ ἀληθινὸν.
Idem, 35.——ἡμεῖς δε καταδούλευμενοι, καὶ τᾀναντια τοῖς τότε πράττοντες.
Idem, 36.——καὶ τότε μὲν εἰ τριήρεις πληροῖεν, τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τούς δούλους ναύτας εἰσεβίβαζον, τούς δε πολίτας μεθ’ ὅπλων ἐξέπεμπον.
Isocrates, (Cantabrigigiæ, 1686,) Orat. ad Demonicum, page 52— ἐν δὲ τοῖς τερπνοῖς, ἄν αἰσχρὸν ὑπολάβῃς, τῶν μὲν οἰκετῶν ἄρχειν, ταῖς δι’ ἡδοναῖς δουλεύειν.
Ad Nicoclem, p. 74.——καὶ τοῦτο ἡγοῦ βασιλικώτατον ἐάν μηδεμίᾳ δουλεύης τῶν ἡδονων, ἀλλὰ κρατῇς τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν μᾶλλον ἤ τῶν πολιτῶν.
Panegyricus, p. 121.——τῶν δὲ βαρβάρων οἵ βουλομένοι καταδουλώσασθαι τοὺς Ἑλλήνας, ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πρώτους ἰόντες.
Idem, 133.——ἧροῦντο δὲ τῶν εἱλώτων ἐνίοις δουλεύειν, ὥστε εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν πατρίδας ὑβρίζειν.
Idem, 137.——νῦν δὲ εἰς τοσαύτην δουλείαν καθεστώτων.
Idem.——μέγιστον δε τῶν κακῶν, ὅταν ὑπὲρ αὐτης τε δουλείας ἀναγκάζωνται συστρατεύεσθαι.
Idem.——κατορθώσαντες δὲ μᾶλλον εἰς τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνον δουλεύσουσιν.
Idem, 144.——πρός μὲν τὸν πόλεμον ἐκλελύμενος, πρὸς δὲ τὴν δουλείαν ἄμεινον τῶν παρ’ ἡμῖν οἰκετῶν πεπαιδευμένος.
Idem.——ἅπαντα δὲ τὸν χρόνον διάγουσιν, ὡς μέν τοὺς ὑβρίζοντες, τοῖς δὲ δουλεύοντες.
Idem, 150.——Σικελία δὲ καταδεδούλωται.
Idem, 151.——ὡς ὑπὲρ τούτων δουλεύειν ἠναγκασμέναι.
Idem, 153.——δημοσία δε τοσούτους τῶν συμμάχων περιορᾷν αὐτοις δουλεύοντας.
Orat. ad Philippum, p. 161.——ζητεῖν δὲ ἐκείνους τοὺς τόπους τοὺς πόῤῥω μὲν κειμένους τῶν ἄρχειν δυναμένων, ἐγγὺς δὲ τῶν δουλεύειν εἰθισμένων.
Archidamus, p. 235.——νῦν καὶ τὴν τῶν δούλων παῤῥησίαν ὑπομένοντας φαίνεσθαι.
De Pace, sive Socialis, page 281.——καὶ τοτε μὲν εἔ τριήρεις πληροῖεν, τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τοὺς δούλους ναύτας εἰσεβίβαζον.
Idem, p. 280.——ὑμεῖς δέ καταδουλούμενοι.
Idem, p. 306.——μὴ δουλείας ἀλλά σωτηρίας αὐτοῖς αἰτίαν γενέσθαι.
Evagoras, p. 310.——οὐ μὲν δουλεύτεον.
Idem, p. 320.——τοὺς μὲν φίλους ταῖς εὐεργεσίαις ὑπ’ αὐτῷ ποιούμενος τοὺς δέ ἄλλους τῇ μεγαλοψυχία καταδουλούμενος.
Idem, p. 326.——οἱ δέ Ἕλληνες ἀντί δουλείας αὐτονομίαν ἔσχον Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ τοσαῦτον ἐπέδοσαν.
Panathenaicus, p. 396.——οὕς μὲν ἐλευθερώσειν ὡμολόγησαν κατεδουλώσαντο μᾶλλον ἥ τοὺς εἵλωτας.
Idem, p. 400.——καὶ τὸ μη δικαίως τῶν ἄλλων ἄρχειν μᾶλλον ἤ φεύγοντας τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην, ἀδίκως Λακεδαιμονίοις δουλεύειν.
Idem, p. 412.——τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους Ἑλλήνας καταδουλώσασθαι πρὸς μὲν τοιοῦτον κρατίσασαι ῥαδίως ἄν αὐτου.
Idem, p. 418.——καταδουλωσαμένους.
Plataicus, p. 459.——οἵ μὲν οὐδὲν ἧττον τῶν ἀργυρωνήτων δουλεύουσιν.
Idem.——τε δὲ τῶν ἄλλων δουλείας αὐτους κυρίους καθιστᾶσι.
Idem, p. 463.——δουλεὐειν.
Idem, p. 465.——δουλευουσῶν.
Idem, p. 466.——ἀλλὰ πολλοὺς μὲν μικρῶν ἕνεκα συμβουλαίων δουλεύοντας, ἄλλους δὲ ἐπὶ θητείαν ἴοντας.
Orat. de Permutatione, p. 493.——τὴν δε τῷ γένει τῆς σωτηρίας αἰτίαν οὖσαν, δουλεύειν αὐτοις ἀξιοῦν.
Idem, p. 494.——τῶν δέ βαρβάρων οἱ βουλόμενοι καταδουλοῦσθαι τοὺς Ἑλλήνας.
Idem, p. 502.——τοῖς δ’ ἄλλοις τὴν δουλείαν αἱρουμένοις.
Idem.——οὕτω καὶ τῶν πόλεων ταις ὑπερεχούσαις λυσιτελεῖν λεῖν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθῆναι μᾶλλον ἤ δούλας ὀφθῆναι γενομένας.
Idem.——ὥστε μὴ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν αἴτιον γενήσθαι τί δουλείας.
Idem, p. 510.——ἡμεῖς δέ καταδουλούμενοι.
Idem, p. 511.——τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τοὺς δούλους.
De Bigis, p. 530.——τοὺς πολίτας ἰδεῖν δουλεύοντας.
Epistolæ: to Philip, p. 611.——ἅ Ξέρξη τε τῷ καταδουλώσασθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας βουληθέντι.
To Jason, a freedman, p. 629.——καὶ τὰς τιμὰς ἡδίους νομίζω τὰς παρὰ τῶν μέγα φρονούντων, ἤ τὰς παρὰ τῶν δουλευόντων.
LESSON V.
But if it shall be objected, that by these writers the word δουλος, doulos, and its derivatives are used in a figurative sense, since these writers all exhibit minds deeply excited, or used all language with poetic license; we think such objection unfounded, so far as it alleges that they have used this word in an unusual manner, or have attributed to it any other sense than was attributed to it by all the Greeks.
Nevertheless, we propose now to present this word as it was used by Thucydides, Herodotus, and Xenophon, against whose use no cavil can be made; and we now fear not to assert that their use of this word will be in the most strict accordance with the authors already examined.
Plutarch, who was somewhat disposed to criticize other authors, speaking of Thucydides, expresses the idea that he wrote in such a manner that the reader saw the picture of what he represented. (See his De Gloria Atheniensium.) Plutarch was then clearly of opinion that the language of Thucydides was most appropriately accurate.
We here premise, that we shall not presume to offer our own translation to the extract we propose to make from Thucydides. From the many that have been made, we have selected that of the Rev. Dr. William Smith, of the cathedral of Chester, England, and concerning whom it may be proper to say a word. He translated Longinus with great accuracy and beauty. The Weekly Miscellany of Dec. 8th, 1739, says of this translation, “It justly deserves the notice and thanks of the public.” Father Phillips says, 1756, “A late English translation of the Greek critic, by Mr. Smith, is a credit to the author, and reflects lustre on Longinus himself.” Laudits of this work will fill a volume. In 1753 he translated Thucydides, and was directly created a doctor of divinity,—and we find in his epitaph now in the cathedral of Chester, “as a scholar his reputation is perpetuated by his valuable publications, particularly his correct and eloquent translations of Longinus, Thucydides, and Xenophon.” We have been thus minute that it may be known with what spirit we prepare this work.
The Peloponnesian War, by Thucydides.
Book i. chap. 8. Οἵ τε ἥσσους ὑπέμενον τὴν τῶν κρεισσόνων δουλείαν.
“And the great, who had all needful supplies at hand, reduced less powerful cities into their own subjection.”
At that age of the world, when one city was conquered by another, all were reduced to slavery, unless by the especial favour of the conqueror. In this instance it would have been more literal to our present idiom to have used the term slavery, instead of subjection; because now there has grown up a wide distinction between the mere subjugating and enslaving.
Chap. 16. Κῦρος καὶ ἡ Περσικὴ βασιλεια, Κροῖσον καθελοῦσα, καὶ ὅσα ἐντὸς Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ πρὸς θάλασσαν, ἐπεστράτευσε, καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ ἠπείρω πόλεις ἐδούλωσε.
“For Cyrus, after he had completed the conquest of Crœsus, and all the country which lieth between the river Halys and the sea, invaded them, and enslaved their towns upon the continent.”
Chap. 18. Δεκάτω δὲ ἔτει μετ’ αὐτην αὖθις ὁ βάρβαρος τῷ μεγάλω στόλῳ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα δουλωσόμενος ἦλθε.
“And in the tenth year after that, the barbarian, with a vast armament, invaded Greece in order to enslave it.”
Chap. 34. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῷ δοῦλοι, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῷ ὅμοιοι τοῖς λειπομένοις εἶναι, ἐκπέμπονται.
“They are not sent out to be the slaves, but to be the equals of those who remain behind.”
Chap. 55. Καὶ τῶν Κερκυραίων ὀκτακοσίους μὲν, οἵ ἦσαν δοῦλοι, ἀπέδοντο.
“Eight hundred of their Corcyrean prisoners, who were slaves, they sold at public sale.”
Chap. 68. Νῦν δὲ τί δεῖ μακρηγορεῖν, ὧν τοὺς μὲν δεδουλωμένους ὁπᾶτε.
“But now, what need can there be of multiplying words, when some you already see enslaved.”
Chap. 69. Ἐς τόδε τε ἀεὶ ἀποστεροῦντες οὐ μόνον τοὺς ὑπ’ ἐκείνων δεδουλωμένους ἐλευθερίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ὑμετέρους ἤδη ξυμμάχους. οὐ γὰρ ὁ δουλωσάμενος ἀλλ’ ὁ δυνάμενος μὲν παῦσαι, περιορῶν δὲ, ἀληθέστερον αὐτὸ δρᾷ.
“Ever since you have connived at liberty overthrown, not only in whatever communities they have proceeded to enslave, but now where even your own confederates are concerned. For not to the men who rivet on the chains of slavery, but to such as, though able, yet neglect to prevent it, ought the sad event with truth to be imputed.”
Chap. 74. Τῶν ἄλλων ἤδη μέχρι ἡμῶν δουλευόντων, &c.
“And every state already enslaved,” &c.
Chap. 81. Οὕτως εἰκὸς, Ἀθηναίους φρονήματι, μήτε τῇ γῇ δουλεῦσαι, μήτε ὥσπερ ἀπείρους καταπλαγῆναι τῷ πολέμῳ.
“It is by no means consistent with the spirit of Athenians to be slaves to their soil, or, like unpractised soldiers, to shudder at war.”
Chap. 98. Πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη.
“This was the first confederate state which was enslaved to gratify their aspiring ambition.”
Chap. 101. Πλεῖστοι δὲ τῶν Εἱλώτων ἐγένοντο οἱ τῶν παλαιῶν Μεσσηνίων τότε δουλωθέντων ἀπόγονοι· ᾗ καὶ Μεσσήνιοι ἐκλήθησαν οἱ πάντες.
“Most Of the Helots were descendants of the ancient Messenians, then reduced to slavery, and on this account all of them in general were called Messenians.”
Chap. 103. Ἤν δέ τις ἁλίσκηται, τοῦ λαβόντος εἶναι δοῦλον.
“What if any one of them be ever found there, he should be made the slave of whoever apprehended him.”
Chap. 121. Εἰ οἱ μὲν εκείνων ξύμμαχοι ἐπί δουλεία τῇ αὐτῶν φέροντες οὐκ ἀπεροῦσιν.
“Which rivet slavery on themselves,” &c.
Chap. 122. Καὶ τὴν ἧσσαν, εἰ καὶ δεινόν τῷ ἀκοῦσαι, ἴστω οὐκ ἄλλο τι φέρουσαν ἣ ἄντικρυς δουλείαν.
“Such a triumph, how grating soever the bare mention of it may be to any of your ears, yet be it known, can and is nothing else but plain and open slavery.”
Chap. 124. Καὶ τοὺς νῦν δεδουλωμένους Ἕλληνας, ἐλευθερώσωμεν.
“And shall immediately recover liberty for those Grecians who are already enslaved.”
Chap. 138. Καὶ τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ ἐλπίδα, ἣν ὑπετίθει αὐτῷ δουλώσειν.
“As the hope be suggested to him of enslaving Greece.”
Chap. 141. Τὴν γὰρ αὐτὴν δύναται δούλωσιν.
“The very same tendency to make them slaves.”
Book ii. chap. 61. Δουλοῖ γὰρ φρόνημα τὸ αἰφνίδιον καὶ ἀπροσδοκητον, καὶ τὸ πλείστω παραλόγῳ ξυμβαῖνον.
“Accidents sudden and unforeseen, and so opposite to that event you might reasonably have expected, enslave the mind.”
Chap. 63. Μηδὲ νομίσαι περὶ ἑνὸς μόνου, δουλειας ἀντ’ ἐλευθερίας.
“Think not you have only one point at stake, the alternative of slavery instead of freedom.”
Idem. Οὐδὲ ἐν ἀρχούσῃ πόλει ξυμφέρει, ἀλλ’ ἐν ὑπηκόῳ ἀσφαλῶς δουλεύειν.
“Slavery is never to be endured by a state that once hath governed. Such a situation can be tolerable only to that which has ever been dependent.”
Chap. 71. Στρατεῦσαί τε μηδένα ποτὲ ἀδίκως επ’ αὐτοὺς, μηδ’ ἐπὶ δουλείᾳ.
“That no one should unjustly make war on them, or endeavour to enslave them.”
Idem. Ἐπὶ δουλείᾳ τῇ ἡμετέρα ἥκετε.
“Are come hither to enslave us,” &c.
Chap. 78. Καὶ ἄλλος οὐδεὶς ἦν τῷ τείχει, οὔτε δοῦλος, οὔτε ἐλεύθερος.
“Nor was there any other portion within the wall, either slave or free.”
Book iii. chap. 10. Ξύμμαχοι μέντοι ἐγενόμεθα οὐκ ἐπὶ καταδουλώσει τῶν Ἑλλήνων Ἀθηναίοις.
“We made an alliance with the Athenians—not to enslave the rest of Greece to the Athenians.”
Idem. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἑωρῶμεν αὐτοὺς τὴν μὲν τοῦ Μήδου ἔχθραν ἀνιέντας, τὴν δὲ τῶν ξυμμάχων δούλωσιν ἐπαγομένους, οὐκ ἀδεεῖς ἕτι ἦμεν. ἀδύνατοι δὲ ὄντες καθ’ ἕν γενόμενοι, διά πολυψηφίαν ἀμύνασθαι, οἱ ξύμμαχοι ἐδουλώθησαν, πλὴν ἡμῶν καὶ Χίων.
“But when we perceived that they relaxed in their zeal against the Mede, and were grown earnest in riveting slavery upon allies, we then began to be alarmed. It was impossible, where so many parties were to be consulted, to unite together in one body of defence; and thus all the allies fell into slavery except ourselves and the Chians.”
Chap. 38. Δοῦλοι ὄντες τῶν ἀεὶ ἀτόπων, ὑπερόπται δὲ τῶν εἰωθότων.
“Slaves as you are to whatever trifles happen always to be in vogue, and looking down with contempt on tried and experienced methods.”
Chap. 56. Ἐν ἐκείνω δὲ τῷ καιρῷ, ὅτε πᾶσι δουλείαν ἐπέφερεν ὁ βἁρβαρος, οἵδε μετ’ αὐτου ἦσαν.
“But at that season, when the barbarians struck at enslaving us all, these Thebans were then the barbarians’ coadjutors.”
Chap. 58. Πρὸς δὲ, καὶ γῆν, ἐν ᾗ ἠλευθερώθησαν οἱ Ἕλληνες, δουλώσετε;
“Will you further enslave the spot on which the Grecians earned their liberty?”
Chap. 63. Τοὺς μὲν, καταδουλουμένους τὴν Ἑλλάδα, τοὺς δὲ, ἐλευθεροῦντας.
“The Athenians truly have enslaved your country; and the others would regain its freedom.”
Chap. 64. Ἀπελείπετε γὰρ αὐτὴν, καὶ παραβὰντες, ξυγκατεδουλοῦσθε μᾶλλον Αἰγινήτας, καὶ ἄλλους τινὰς τῶν ξυνομοσάντων, ἤ διεκωλύετε.
“You renounced, you violated first the oaths, which rather concurred to enslave the Æginetæ and some other people of the same association, than endeavoured to prevent it.”
Chap. 70. Ὑπάγουσιν αὐτον οὗτοι οἱ ἄνδρες εἰς δίκην, λέγοντες Ἀθηναίοις τὴν Κέρκυραν καταδουλοῦν.
“And therefore against him the accomplices prefer an accusation, as plotting how to subject Corcyra to Athenian slavery.”
Chap. 71. Δράσαντες δὲ τοῦτο, καὶ ξυγκαλέσαντες Κερκυραίους, εἶπον ὅτι ταῦτα καὶ βέλτιστα εἴη, καὶ ἥκιστ’ ἄν δουλωθεῖεν ὑπ’ Ἀθηναίων.
“After this bold assassination, they summoned the Corcyreans to assemble immediately, where they justified their proceedings as most highly for the public good, and the only expedient of preventing Athenian slavery.”
Chap. 73. Τῇ δ’ ὑστεραίᾳ ἠκροβολίσαντό τε ὀλίγα, καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἀγροὺς περιέπεμπον ἀμφότεροι, τοὺς δούλους παρακαλοῦντες τε, καὶ ἐλευθερίαν ὑπισχνούμενοι. καὶ τῷ μὲν δήμῳ τῶν οἰκετῶν τὸ πλῆθος παρεγένετο ξύμμαχον, τοῖς δ’ ἐτέροις ἐκ τῆς ἠπείρου ἐπίκουροι ὀκτακόσιοι.