Fig. 433.—Sling case for drawings.
894.—Chronograph.—For the observation of stars in transit for the purpose of taking longitude, a dead-stop watch or chronograph is most useful. This can now be had in combination with an otherwise fair going watch at a very moderate price.
895.—Outfit of a Surveyor for Work in a New Country.—The ordinary items of strong, dust-coloured woollen clothing, good boots, saddle, firearms, etc., do not come within the province of this work. The instruments he will require will depend partly upon the nature of the country and the kind of work to be done. If for prospecting only, light instruments are commonly selected—the sextant, or box sextant with glass artificial horizon, good pocket chronometer, telescope, aneroid barometer, prismatic compass, and clinometer. If a general survey is to be made, the first instrument of importance is the theodolite, the 4 or 5-inch being the most usual. With this, pickets, land chain and arrows, a steel tape for testing, and a linen tape. If for survey in mineral districts, a good mining-dial is required, with all accessories of chains, etc. If for railway work, a 5-inch theodolite, a good level, staves, pickets, clinometer, and prismatic compass. In all cases, field-books, drawing instruments, supply of paper, drawing boards, squares, parallel rule, pencils, Indian ink, colours, stencil plates, and other articles for office use, of which the established optician or trader will give full information from his experience, or general reference may be taken from any complete catalogue of such instruments.
INDEX
- Abney's clinometer, 411
- Achromatism explained, 35
- Adjustable axis, of plane table, 479
- of theodolite, 237
- Adjustable tripod, 329
- Alidades for plane tables, 473
- Alloys used for surveying instruments, 7
- Altazimuth theodolite, 295
- Altitudes, measurements of, 550
- Aluminium alloys, 8
- Anallatic telescope, 364
- Anemometers, 596
- Aneroid barometers, Vidie's, 558
- Bourdon's, 568
- Apomecometer, 469
- Arrows, for chain, 494
- Artificial horizons, 443
- Atmospheric pressure, measurements of, 550
- Axes, workmanship in, 11
- Bakewell's tangential index, 384
- Ball and socket adjustments: Hoffmann's, Pastorelli's, 330
- Bands, steel, for measuring land, 449
- Barker's clinometer, 415
- Barometer, aneroid, 558
- Base line apparatus, 517
- Beam compass measurements, 510
- Bellamy's road tracer, 420
- Bill-hook, 582
- Binoculars, prism, 584
- Black, optical, 14
- Boiling-point thermometer, hypsometer, 569
- Boning rods, 578
- Books, levelling, 173
- Boucher's calculator, 587
- improved, 590
- Box sextant, 451
- Bronzing instruments, 14
- Brunton mine transit, 353
- Bubble trier, 88
- Burel's reflecting level, 144
- Burnier's clinometer, 416
- Caink's rule for correcting inclines, 498
- Calculators: Barnard's, 594
- Camera, 243, 585
- Cases, for carrying maps, 597
- leather, for instruments, 23
- Cavalry sketching case, 488
- Cement tester, Mann's, 585
- Centesimal division, 185
- Chain scales, pocket sets, 596
- Chain vice, 496
- Chaining, 497
- Chains, land, various, 490
- Chains, sounding, 526
- Chronometer and chronograph, 598
- Circumferentor, 307
- Clamp and tangent motions, various, 202
- Classification of instruments, 5
- Clinometer compasses, 418
- hanging, 344
- Clinometers, various, 411
- Coast survey lines, 527
- Coincidence rods, 511
- Collimation, 55
- Collimator, 121
- Compass, surveying with, 80
- Compasses: magnetic, bar, 59
- Compensated rods, 512
- Connecting link, to extend hand rods, 531
- Convex and concave lenses, 32
- Cooke's level, 138
- Co-ordinate slide rule, 594
- Cross-staff heads, 573
- Curvature, correction for, 170
- Cushing's level, 136
- De Lisle's reflecting clinometer, 413
- Declination of needles, 67
- Deville's theodolite, 263
- Diagonal eye-piece, 45
- Dials, mining, 309
- Diaphragm of telescope, 50, 114, 135
- Dip compass, 354
- Dip of needles, 66
- Dispersion of light, 35
- Dividing engine, 176
- Division of the circle, 175
- Double optical square, 467
- Drop arrow, 494
- Dumpy level, 110
- improved, 123
- Dynameter, 43
- Edgeworth's stadiometer, 482
- Engineer's level, 133
- Engraving, note on, 16
- Everest's theodolite, 271
- tripod, 273
- Excise ink bottle, 174
- Eye-pieces: Ramsden, 41
- Field-books, 289, 374, 380
- Field-glasses, 582
- Finishing of surveying instruments, 14
- Formation of images in a telescope, 33
- French forms of miners' dials, 336
- Fuller's rule, 592
- Geological tools, 587
- George's artificial horizon, 446
- Girth straps, tapes, etc., 579
- Glass diaphragm, 53
- Glass, working, 16 refraction of, 25
- Gradient scale, 213
- Gradienter Screw, 386
- Gradiometer, 404
- Gradioplane, 409
- Graduation, 179
- Green, William, Subtense instruments, 355
- Hadley's quadrant, 423
- Hanging mining compass, 344
- Hedley's dial, 322
- Heliograph, 540
- Heliostat and heliotrope, 537
- Henderson's miners' dial, 315
- Hick's patent level, 96
- Historical sketch of surveying instruments, 1
- Hoffmann's ball and socket head, 330
- Horizontal scale of tangents, 213
- Hypotenuse and base, 212
- Hypsometer, 569
- Lacquering work, 15
- Lamp, magnesium, 545
- Land chains, 490
- vice for adjusting, 496
- Lanterns, oil, 545
- Lean's miners' dial, 315
- Leather cases, 23
- Lenses, 33
- achromatic, 36
- Level: for levelling staff, 163
- Levels: surveyors', 97
- Level tubes, 86
- Level tube trier, 88
- Levelling: books, 172
- Light for night observations, 169, 545
- Light, refraction of, 27
- Line, sounding, 527
- Lubrication of joints, etc., 20
- Luminous compass, 84
- Magnesium lamp, 546
- Magnetic compasses, 59
- Magnetic needles, 59
- Magnetic needles, various, 59
- Magnetism, 59
- preservation of, 71
- Magnifying power of telescope, 43
- Measuring rods, 530
- Mechanics' levels, 575
- Mercurial barometer, 549
- Metals employed in surveying instruments, 7
- Micrometer microscopes: various, 192
- Stanley's, 197
- Micrometer theodolites, 259
- Military sketching board, 485
- cavalry, 488
- Miners' circumferentor, 307
- Miners' compasses: French, 336
- Miners' dials: various, 309
- Mining, survey lamp, 348
- Morse signaling, 544
- Mountain barometer, 550
- theodolite, 258
- Octant or quadrant, 422
- Offset rods, 507
- Omnimeter, 374
- Opisometer, 587
- Optical black, 14
- Optical principles of telescope, 25
- Optical square, 465
- Outfits for surveyors abroad, 598
- Packing of instruments, 21
- Parallax, in eye-piece, 55
- Parallel plates, to level, 99
- to theodolite, 219
- Passometer, 525
- Pastorelli's ball and socket head, 330
- Pedometer, 524
- Perambulator, 521
- Permanent stations, 535
- Pickets or ranging poles, 533
- Pine measuring rods, 508
- Pioneer tools, 585
- Photographic camera, 243, 585
- Plain theodolite, 215, 267
- Plane tables, 472
- Platinum-iridium points, 53, 129, 135
- Plummets, 232
- Pocket-books, 534, 596
- Pocket levels, 96
- Pocket magnetic compasses, 83
- Point diaphragm, 53, 129, 135
- Polishing work, 14
- Preservation of instruments, 20
- Prismatic clinometers, 414
- Prismatic compasses, 75
- Prismatic mining survey compass, 343
- Prisms as reflectors, 29
- Protectors for the eyes, 584
- Protractors, sketching, 82, 374, 485
- Quadrant, 422
- Qualities of work, 7
- of a telescope, 56
- Quick-setting surveyor's level, 132
- Quick-setting theodolites, 257
- Quiver for arrows, 494
- Railway gauge, 579
- theodolite, 258
- Ramsden eye-piece, 41
- Ranging poles, 533
- Ray shade, 129
- Reader for level tube, 95
- Reading microscopes, 188
- Reconnoitring glass and telescope, 582
- Reflecting cap to telescope, 334
- Reflecting circle, 424
- Reflecting clinometers, 413
- Reflecting levels, 144
- Reflection of glass, 25
- Reflector in eye-piece, 46
- Refraction of light, 25
- Repairing sleeves for steel bands, 505
- Revolving compass to dial, 318
- Richmond's tension handle, for steel band, 503
- Road tracer, 420
- Rods: coincidence, 511
- Rule, civil engineer's, 532
- Rule for correcting inclined measurement, 498
- Rule form clinometer, 418
- Semi-circumferentor, 346
- Sextants, 425
- Sight director to stadium, 364
- Sighted pocket level, 142
- Silvering sextant glasses, 437
- Sketch books, etc., 585
- Sketching board, military, 485
- Slashing knife, 582
- Slide rules, various, 590
- Sliding stage to theodolite, 249
- Socket for station pole, 535
- Solar attachment to theodolite, 239, 259
- Soldering, 13
- Sounding chain, 526
- lines, 527
- Sounding sextant, 449
- Spectacles for protecting the eyes, 584
- Spherical aberration, 33
- Spur shod picket, 535
- Stadia points, 131
- webs, 114
- Stadium for tacheometer, 155, 373
- Stadiometer, 482
- Standard rods, 508
- Stands of instruments, 19
- Stations for observation, 533
- Staves, levelling, 149
- Steel bands and tapes, 499, 507
- Striding level, 237
- Style of work, 16
- Subtense, instruments, 355
- Supplementary arc to box sextant, 461
- Sun glass to telescope, etc., 47
- Tacheometers: general description, 370
- Stanley's, etc., 371
- Tacheometers: stadium for, 155, 373
- field book, 374
- Tangent motions, 202
- Tapes, linen, etc., 505
- Targets, mining, 349
- Telemeters, 528
- Telescope: general description of, 24
- Telescope: optical arrangements, 47
- Telescopic pocket level, 143
- Tension handles for steel bands, 503
- Theodolites, 214
- Thermometer for steel band, 503
- boiling point, 569
- Timber girth strap, 579
- Tools used in manufacture of instruments, 11
- Triangle for levelling staff, 162
- Tribrach adjustments, 126
- Tripods, 114, 217, 322
- Tripods, jointed, for mining instruments, 313
- Trough compass, 74, 83, 236
- Water levels, 146
- Waterproof covers, 23
- Watkin's aneroid, 567
- Watkin's clinometer, 417
- Wealemefna, 587
- Webs, collecting and mounting, 51
- Whistles, 585