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Surveying and Levelling Instruments, Theoretically and Practically Described. / For construction, qualities, selection, preservation, adjustments, and uses; with other apparatus and appliances used by civil engineers and surveyors in the field. cover

Surveying and Levelling Instruments, Theoretically and Practically Described. / For construction, qualities, selection, preservation, adjustments, and uses; with other apparatus and appliances used by civil engineers and surveyors in the field.

Chapter 26: FOOTNOTES:
By William Ford Stanley
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A comprehensive technical guide describing the construction, components, adjustments, testing, selection, preservation, packing, and practical use of surveying and levelling instruments. It covers materials and workmanship, framing and axes, soldering and finishing, bronzing and lacquering, graduating and engraving, glasswork, woodwork, lubrication, and recent machine and alloy improvements that reduce weight and improve precision. Typical instruments are illustrated and explained in detail so parts can be reproduced, while stepwise adjustment procedures and simple field tests are provided to verify quality and maintain accuracy. Historical sketches and comparisons with foreign practice are included throughout.

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Proc. Royal Institution, vol. xi. p. 413.

[2] See Phil. Trans. 1896, vol. 188, Map. 9.

[3] See Simms' Mathematical Instruments, p. 3.

[4] See pamphlet on A New Form of Levelling Instrument, by Thos. Cushing, F.R.A.S., 1879.

[5] Patent No. 69, Wm. Barrie, 1856.

[6] Patent No. 6742, John Browne, June, 1834.

[7] Brit. Assoc. Report, 1838, p. 154.

[8] Patent No. 12590, 1889.

[9] Colliery Guardian, vol. xxxviii. p. 576, 1879.

[10] A Treatise of the Principles and Practice of Levelling, by F. W. Simms, 1842; A Treatise on Land Surveying, by John Ainsley, revised by William Galbraith, 1849. Quite modern works—Aid to Survey Practice, L. D'A. Jackson, Crosby Lockwood, 1910; On Levelling and its General Application, by Thomas Holloway, Spon, 1887; revised 1914.

[11] Levelling, p. 49.

[12] Deschanel's Natural Philosophy, by Prof. Everett, p. 1018, 1876.

[13] A Manual of Surveying for India, by Colonel H. L. Thuillier, C.S.I., F.R.S., etc., and Lieutenant-Colonel R. Smith. Thacker, Calcutta, 1875. (Now out of print).

[14] The illustration is taken from Die geometrischen Instrumente, Dr. G. Chr. K. Hunäus. Hanover, 1864.

[15] Digges's Pantometria, see p. 2.

[16] Gardiner's Practical Surveying, p. 59, 1737.

[17] Adam's Geometrical Essays, pp. 217–229, 1803.

[18] Civil Engineers' Pocket-Book, by J. C. Trautwine, C.E.

[19] Plate xiv., fig. 5. Geometrical Essays, Geo. Adams, 1803.

[20] Proc. Min. Inst., Cornwall, 1883, vol. i. p. 317.

[21] Patent No. 1592, April 1878.

[22] Patent No. 1857, J. L Casartelli, May, 1874.

[23] Illustrated plate xv. Fig. 1., Geometrical Essays, John Adams, 1803.

[24] Pastorelli's patent, No. 2714, 1863.

[25] Hoffmann's patent, No. 2084, 1878.

[26] Geometria Subterranea, Voitel, 1686.

[27] Subterranean Surveying, Thos. Fenwick, Lockwood.

[28] Description and use of an Improved Reflecting and Refracting Telescope and Scales for Surveying, by William Green, 1778.

[29] La Tachéomètre, ou l'Art de Lever les Plans et de Faire les Nivellements, Paris, 1858.

[30] Tables Trigonométriques Centésimales, by J. L. Sanguet, Paris.

[31] Manual of the Theory and Practice of Topographical Surveying by Means of the Transit and Stadia, by J. B. Johnson. New York.

[32] Patent, prov., No. 1859, June, 1868; patent No. 3759, Dec., 1868.

[33] Report on Omnimeter, by Major G. A. Laughton, Superintendent, Bombay Revenue Survey.

[34] Proc. Inst. C.E., vol. xcii. part ii. p. 248, 1887–1888.

[35] Lister's Patent, No. 2375, 1864.

[36] Francis Barker's patent, No. 1926, 1881.

[37] British patent, No. 217, 1884.

[38] Posthumous Works, p. 502; also Animadversions to the Machina Cælestis of Helvetius, p. 49.

[39] Phil. Trans., vol. xlii. p. 155.

[40] Phil. Trans., vol. xxxvii. p. 147.

[41] Ibid. p. 340.

[42] See Nicholson's Navigator's Assistant.

[43] Pearson's Practical Astronomy, p. 537.

[44] Ibid. p. 577.

[45] Gli Strumenti a Reflessione per Mesurare Angoli, by G. B. Magnaghi, 1875.

[46] Description of a New Quadrant, by George Adams, 1748.

[47] Adams' Geometrical Essays, edited by William Jones, 1803.

[48] Prov. Patent No. 2624; Christopher George, 1868.

[49] See British patents—Winter, 1760, No. 752; Ould, 1791, No. 1842; Nugent, 1794, No. 1980; Wright, 1796, No. 2081; Cook, 1796, No. 2087; Roxby, 1822, No. 4695; Glover, 1839, No. 8256; Lane, 1857, No. 1669; Rahill, 1860, No. 1845, etc.

[50] Adams' Geometrical Essays, p. 264, 1803.

[51] Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, vol. xciii. part iii. paper No. 2308. See also Military Surveying in the Field, by Major The Hon. M. G. Talbot, Prof.; Papers Royal Engineers, vol. xiv. p. 25.

[52] Patent No. 1202, D. R. Edgeworth, April 1866.

[53] Heather's Surveying Instruments, 1870, p. 85.

[54] The Surveyor, vol. ii. No. 5. Sydney, Nov. 1889.

[55] Patent No. 2142, May, 1880.

[56] Manual of Surveying for India, p. 478, 1875.

[57] Patent No. 3390, October 1874.

[58] For full description and plate, see Everest's Measurement of the Meridional Arc of India, Introd. p. cxv.

[59] British patent, No. 10157, April, 1844.

[60] British patents—No. 13332, November, 1850; and No. 682, March, 1862.

[61] Patent, No. 13332, May, 1850.

[62] Patent No. 3454, December, 1862.

[63] Patent No. 3425, March, 1886.

[64] Patent No. 2714, October, 1865.

[65] Patent No. 12889, December, 1849.

[66] Patent, No. 4310, November, 1876.