Footnote 7: (return)See Burnt Njal, (Dasent) for a plan and elevation of a Skali. Skelpick may be Skaill-beg, or Little Hall.
Footnote 9: (return)See his Essay with plans in the Saga Book of the Viking Club, vol. iii, pp. 174-216.
Footnote 11: (return)Mousa in Shetland was twice so used, by two honeymoon pairs. See Tudor, O. and S., p. 481.
Footnote 13: (return)O.S., 84, 100 and 22; 58, 78, 100, 101, 102, 113, and pp. 226, 227, 228, in Rolls edition. Hjalmundal is the strath, not the village of Helmsdale.
Footnote 14: (return)We find in Latheron in Caithness "Golsary" the shieling of Gol. Platagall, see O.P., ii, p. 680.
Footnote 18: (return)See Scotland in Early Christian Times, Dr. Joseph Anderson's Rhind Lectures in 1879, pp. 141-2; Scandinavian Britain, p. 29.
Footnote 19: (return)Saga of Erik the Red and St. Olaf's Saga. See Orig. Islandicae, vol. ii, Bk. v, pp. 588-756 "Explorers."
Footnote 20: (return)Yet see the Romance of Guillaume le Roi, Chroniques Anglo-Normandes, vol. iii, Francisque Michel.
Footnote 22: (return)Vol. 1, p. 45. See also Burton's History of Scotland, vol. i, chapter xi, and vol. ii, pp. 14 and 15.
APPENDIX.
EARLY PEDIGREE OF THE FRESKYNS.
[Transcriber's Note: The following "Index" is as it appears in the original book. It is not in alphabetical order. Following it is a hyperlinked index which is in alphabetical order. The latter was added by the transcriber for ease of use of this hypertext document.]
INDEX.
Aberbrothock, 153 (n. 5).
Aberdeen;
bishopric, 54;
invaded, 81.
Aberdeenshire;
why no brochs? 141 (II, n. 5).
Achavarn, 148-9 (n. 41).
Achness, 109, 110, 153 (n. 20).
Acre, 67.
Adam, earl of Angus, 102.
Adam, bishop of Caithness, 95, 96, 107, 119;
buried, 152, (n. 9), 122, 151 (n. 46).
Adamnan, 5, 141 (n. 9).
Aethelfrith, 6.
Afreka, dau. of earl of Fife, m. Earl Harold Maddadson, their children, 73;
divorced by Harold, 74, 83, 85, 88.
Agricola, Tacitus, 4, 141 (n. 4).
Alane, thane of Sutherland, 28, 91.
Alban, 6;
its provinces, 7;
common language, 17;
ravaged by Irish Danes, 22;
wars of kings of A. against Northmen, 26;
Moray stretched across A., 35;
Caithness, 55.
Alcluyd (Dunbarton), 17, 142 (II, n. 16).
Alexander I, 53.
Alexander II cr. Wm. Freskyn earl of Sutherland, 80, 116;
punished burners of Bishop Adam, 96, 97;
confiscated half Caithness, 97;
grant of earldom of south Caithness to Magnus, earl of Angus, 103, 104-106;
Magnus II, or Malcolm witness to charter, 105, 108, 112, 119;
succession to throne, 119;
revolt of Donald Ban MacWilliam, 119;
Argyll conquered, 119;
Caithness subdued (1222), 119;
rebellions in Moray and Galloway, 119;
embassy to Norway, 121;
open letter for Scone, 122;
died, 120, 124.
Alexander III, 120;
m. Margaret, dau. of Henry III, 120;
his only child, Margaret, 121;
embassy to Norway, 121;
conquered Isle of Man and Hebrides, 128.
Altyre, Standing Stane of Duffus removed to, 144 (n. 11).
America, Norsemen discovered, 136;
heard of by Jean Cabot in Iceland, 136.
Amlaiph (Olaf) Craig, 143 (n. 33).
Anderson, Alan O., 3;
Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers.
Anderson, Joseph, 11;
O.S. trans., 146 (n. 14);
Scotland in Pagan Times, q.v.;
Scotland in Early Christian Times, q.v.
Andres Nicholas' son, 125, 126.
Andres, son of Sweyn, 57.
Andrew, Bishop of Caithness, had grant of Hoctor Common, 54;
Culdean monk, 83;
abbot of Dunkeld, 83;
died at Dunfermline, 83;
a witness, 84.
Andrews, St., bishopric founded, 53;
Roger, bishop of, 90.
Anglo-Normandes, Chroniques, (F. Michel), 157 (n. 20).
Angus, earls of (see also under names),
Gillebride, 102, 103, 105, 107, 153, (ns. 9, 13);
Adam, son of Gillebride, 102;
Gilchrist, son of Gillebride, and father of Magnus II, earl of Orkney and Caith., 72, 84, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 111, 116, 149 (n. 44), 153 (ns. 9, 13, 14, 15);
Duncan, son of Gilchrist, 103;
Malcolm, earl of Caithness and Angus, 103-106, 116;
Matilda, countess of, dau. of Malcolm, 103;
Gilbert d'Umphraville, earl of A., husband of Matilda, 103,
Gilbert d'Umphraville, son of Matilda, 103.
Pedigree, 102.
Angus, son of Gillebride, earl of Angus, 103.
Anlaf, or Olaf, earl in C., 27, 28, 143 (n. 33).
Applecross, in Ross, lay abbots, 119.
Archibald, bishop of Moray, 109.
Ardovyr (Gael., upper water), identified as Loch Coire and Mallard River, i.e., "Abhain 'a Mhail Aird" of Ord. Map, part of Johanna's estate in Strathnaver, 109, 110, 153 (n. 19).
Argyll;
St. Columba landed from Ulster, 5;
Scots king, 6;
Dalriadic territory, 17, 33;
known as Airergaithel, 33;
Galgaels, 38;
Somerled of, 81;
conquered by king Alexr. II, 119, 120.
Arnfinn Thorfinnson, earl, m. Ragnhild, Eric's dau., 25.
Arnkell Torf-Einarson, earl, slain in England, 24.
Artildol, 78.
Asgrim's Ergin, now Assary, 71, 149 (n. 42).
Asleif, mother of Sweyn, 62.
Asleifarvik (now Old-shore, also called Port Droman), 125, 155 (n. 15).
Assynt, 33;
included in Creich (q.v.), 93;
Store Point, 69, 148 (n. 34).
Athelstan, 22.
Atholl (Atjokl);
Ath-Fodla, a Pictish province, 7;
Picts absorbed by Scots, 38;
earls of, 61, 62, 78, 120;
Sweyn Asleifarson visits, 62, 64;
earl Paul died, 62, 63;
bishop John, 63
Atholl, earls of;
Maddad, m. Margret dau. of Hakon, 61;
earl of A., in 1236, burned to death, 120;
earls descended from Freskyn, 54, 78.
Aud the deeply wise, in Caith., settled in Iceland, 20.
Audhild, dau. of Thorleif, mistress of Sigurd Slembi-diakn, 58;
m. Eric Streita, 59;
her son, Eric Stagbrellir, 59, 72, 84, 85;
Johanna of Strathnaver, a connection, 110.
Audna, or Edna, dau. of Kiarval, m. Hlodver, jarl, 26.
Backies, Norse derivation, 21.
Bakke, in place-names, 21, 142 (III n. 7).
Baltroddi, Walter de, bishop of C., 122, 155 (n. 8).
Bard, next of kin of Ulf the Bad, Orkney, 28.
Barelegs, nickname of king Magnus, because he wore the kilt, 49, 145 (n. 9).
Barr, St., of Dornoch;
his Fair in Dornoch, 29;
old church of St. Barr, 83, 121;
site, 134.
Barth, or Bard, Helgi's son, and St. Barr, 28, 29.
Beauly, estate of Bissets, 120.
Beauly Firth, 16;
site of Redcastle on, 86.
Ben-y-griams, 70.
Bergen, St. Ragnvald returned to, from Grimsby, 61;
John, earl of Caithness, present at, 95, 98;
earl John left his son as hostage, 98;
king Hakon buried in Christchurch, 127;
k. Hakon and earl Magnus III sailed from, 156 (n. 20).
Berowald the Fleming (Innes q.v.), had grant in Moray, 82, 150 (n. 27).
Berridale conveyed by Malise II, earl, to Reginald More, afterwards acquired by Chens, 104, 108, 109.
Beruvik, misreading of, 148 (n. 33).
Berwick, North, raided by Sweyn, 68.
Bethoc, eld. dau. of Malcolm II, m. Crinan, 36;
grandmother of earl Moddan, 53.
Bilbao, Spain, 66;
Nervion, 148 (n. 25).
Birrenswark, near Ecclefechan, was Brunanburg, 22.
Birsay, Orkney, earl Thorfinn's Hall, 45;
cathedral built by Thorfinn, 45, 46;
but replaced by St. Magnus' Cathedral, 51.
Bisset, a Norman family, 76;
at Beauly, 120.
Bjarni, bishop of Orkney, probable author of Orkneyinga Saga, 51, 69;
his parents, 57;
relative of Sweyn, 69;
at Bergen, 98.
Blood-eagle, 23, 24.
Blood-rain in Iceland, 144 (n. 37).
Blundus, Gaufrid, burgess of Inverness, 80.
Boar, wild, in Cat, 8.
Boece, 37, 42.
Boreale, Corpus Poeticum, 144 (n. 10);
148 (n. 23).
Borrobol, 59.
Borve, rock-castle, 46, 133.
Bothgowanan, or Pitgavenny, 42.
Bothwell, family of, descended from Freskyn, 54, 78.
Bothwell, Sir Andrew of, 78.
Boun, whence Eng. bound, i.e., equipped, 66, 148 (n. 24).
Bracholy, 78.
Brawl, formerly Brathwell (Breithivellir), Castle, 95, 115, see 154 (n. 28), 133;
deriv. 152 (n. 8), 157 (n. 10).
Breithifjorthr, i.e., Broad-firth, Moray Firth, 8, 64.
Bressay Sound, 124.
Brewster, Sir David, 155 (n. 14) see 125.
Brian Borumha, king of Ireland, 29.
Brichan, Jas.;
Orig. Paroch. Scot., 3.
Bricius, bishop, 78.
Brochs, or Pictish towers;
Roman relics found in, 5;
date, number, distribution, rise, construction, &c., 9-11;
Norse place-names near brochs, 132;
at Dunrobin, 133;
used by Norse as dwellings, 133, 157 (n. 11);
Craig Carrill, Roman tablets found, 5, 141 (n. 7);
Skene on origin of, 141 (n. 8);
at Feranach, 147 (n. 6).
Broethrungr, firnari en, first cousin once removed, 146 (n. 13).
Broxburn, (Strabrock), 54.
Brunanburgh, site, 22, 142 (III n. 12)
Brusi Sigurdson, earl, 38, 39, 40, 42.
Buchan, earl of, 114.
Burghead, Turfness of Saga, 41;
Norse raids from B. checked by Duffus, 132.
Burnt Njal, Saga of;
transl. by Sir G.W. Dasent, 27, 143 (n. 28), 30, 36, 37, 144 (n. 36), 157 (n. 7).
Cabot, Jean, in Iceland, 136.
Cailleach (Carline) Stone in Kyleakin, 125.
Cait, or Cat, Pictish province of, (now Caithness and Sutherland, q.v.), in three parts, (1) Ness, (2) Strathnavern, and (3) Sudrland, 7-8;
description of land, 8;
unsuitable for trees in Ness, 141 (II n. 3);
west uninhabited in Viking times, 8;
deer, etc., abounded, 8, 141 (II n. 4);
Athelstan's naval demonstration, 22;
held by earls of Orkney, 22;
Duncan the maormor, 15, 24, 25, 34, 35, 36;
Picts and Norse, 38;
map, 110;
Pictish clergy driven from north-east by Norse, 130;
land and people on arrival of Norse, 6, et seq.
Cat, maormors of;
Duncan, or Dungall, 15, 20;
Moldan or Moddan, 34, 36, 37, 59.
Caithness (Ness), part of the ancient province of Cat, q.v., 7-8;
Norse occupied fertile parts, 1;
ancient monuments, 2;
writing, 2;
Orkneyinga Saga only record before 12th cent., 3;
earlier notices and later records, 3;
earldom claimed by Sigurd Hlodverson, 26;
Skuli Thorfinnson cr. earl, 25;
C. people in Iceland, 27, 28;
sea battle between Ulf and Helgi, 28;
Moddan, earl of C., 36, 59;
his expedition to, 41;
Norse earls, 37, 40, 49;
Thorfinn returns to, after Scottish conquests, 42;
"king of Catanesse," in "William the Wanderer," 43;
St. Magnus, 50;
seized by earl Hakon, 50;
earl Magnus favoured in, 51;
earldom conferred on Ragnvald Gudrodson, 52;
much of owned by Moddan's family, 53;
Norse steadily lost hold on C., 53;
Norse driven outward and eastward, 53;
bishopric founded, 54;
bishop Andrew, 54;
Norse earls, 55;
family of Freskyn de Moravia, 55;
earldom of David I, 58;
robberies by Sweyn, 66;
Malcolm IV granted half earldom to Erlend Haraldson, 67;
red deer and reindeer hunting, 70;
rebellions, 80;
bishop's litigation with earls of Sutherland, 80;
Innes family, 82;
earldom held of Scottish crown, 83;
diocese and cathedral, 83;
bishop Andrew, 83, 84;
first conquest by King William, 85;
subdued by King William, 87;
earl Ragnvald's half conferred on Harald Ungi, 87;
earl Harold slew earl Harald Ungi, 87;
Caithness given to Ragnvald Gudrodson, 88;
who defeated earl Harold at Dalharrold, 89;
Ragnvald's stewards left in charge, their fate, 89;
the lawman, 89;
Ragnvald bought earldom, 89, 90;
extent of earl Harold's earldom, 90;
Scottish policy in the north, 91;
old Norse earldom broken up, 92;
services of Freskyn family, 92;
extent of earldom of earl David, 93;
the burning of bishop Adam, 95;
thingstead and lawman, 95;
the earldom, 101;
succession to earldom, 102;
subjected by king Alexr. II, 1222, 119;
king Hakon's fine, 1263, 125;
escaped attack by Hakon, 128;
Scottish subjection of Norse, 1, 131;
Norse adopted Gaelic, 131;
Norse place-names, 132;
Norse type still in evidence, 134;
Normans, Cheynes, Oliphants and St. Clairs, 137;
inheritance of Erlend lands by Normans, 137, 138;
inhabitants a blend of Gael and Norse, 138.
Caithness, church in;
bishopric founded, 54;
cathedral at Halkirk, 83, at Dornoch, 121;
bishop's palace at Thurso, 95, 122;
constitution of diocese, 121, 122, 155 (n. 5);
records, 151 (n. 45);
bishops: Andrew, 54, 83, 84;
John, 89, 95, 97, 150 (n. 16), 151 (n. 45);
Adam, 95, 96, 107, 119, 122, 151 (n. 46), 152 (n. 9);
Gilbert, 121, 122;
William, 122;
Walter de Baltroddi, 122, 155 (n. 8).
Caithness, earldom of;
in the 14th cent. a moiety in the Angus earls and the Chen family, 108, 109;
South Caithness granted to earl Magnus II, 111;
Brawl, a capital residence of the earls in C., 115, 133;
devolution of earldom and tribal owners, 15;
North and South divisions, 106, 107, 153 (ns. 10, 15);
hostages taken by Scotland after Largs, 155 (n. 13), see 125;
paid a fine to king Hakon, 156 (n. 20).
Caithness, earls of;
Thorfinn Sigurdson, first Scottish earl, 38;
Skuli cr. earl by Scots king, 144 (n. 4);
Moddan cr. earl by Scots king, 36, 59;
Crichton and Sinclair earls, 108;
earl's office descended to females, 15;
Norse and tribal land-owners, 15;
Scottish policy in regard to succession in C., 91, 92.
Caithness and Sutherland Records, Viking Society, 146 (n. 20); 151 (n. 33); 155 (n. 7).
Caithness, Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of, 2, 141 (n. 2); 9, 141 (II, n. 5); 147 (n. 6).
Caithness, Prehistoric Remains of, (S. Laing and T.H. Huxley), 2, 141 (n. 2); 5, 141 (n. 8).
Calder, Loch, 148-9 (n. 41).
Calder Valley, Calfdale of Saga; 71, 148 (n. 40).
Caledonia, (G. Chalmers), 155 (n. 4).
Caledonians, Annals of the, (Ritson), 142 (II, n. 9).
Caledonians inhabited the Grampians, 4, 141 (n. 5);
Romans failed to conquer, 4;
Roman wars effected union of, 4;
St. Ninian, Christian mission, through Roman influence, 4.
Cantyre, 17.
Carham;
victory of Malcolm II, 37.
Cat, Province of, (Angus Mackay), 56, 152 (n. 11).
Ce, the province Keith, or Mar, 7.
Celtic Britain, (Rhys), 142 (III n. 3); 144 (n. 3).
Celtic Scotland, (W.F. Skene), 101;
on succession to Caithness, 106;
Sir W. Fraser's criticism, 108; 22, 142 (III n. 11); 26, 143 (n. 23); 150 (n. 24).
Celts, non-seafaring, 12;
Norse influence, 14;
Gall-gaels, 14;
influence of Norse on Gaelic, and of Gael on Norse, 14-15;
"P" and "Q" Celts, 19;
kilted warriors of Norse extraction, 136.
Celts, Survival of Beliefs among the, (George Henderson), 2, 141 (n. 3).
Chen, or Cheyne, family in Caithness, 76;
descendants of Johanna of Strathnaver, 110, 111;
family lands, 118, 137, 156 (n. 20).
Chen II, Reginald;
signatory of National Bond with Wales, 114;
father of Reginald Chen III, 114;
m. Mary, dau. of Freskin and Johanna of Strathnaver, got one-fourth of Caithness, 107, 109, 153 (ns. 11, 12);
had regrant of Strathnaver lands, 109;
Kerrow-na-Shein, 110, 114.
Chen III, Reginald, known as "Morar na Shein," acquired Berridale in south Caithness from Malise II, 104, 108, 109;
owned a moiety of earldom of Caith., lived in parish of Halkirk, 108;
grandson of Johanna, 109;
Kerrow-na-Shein, 110;
his estate, 115;
acquired south Caithness lands after 1340, 115;
acquired Christian (Freskyn's) fourth, 107, 153 (ns. 11, 12)
lands, 154 (n. 28).
Christ Church, Norse name for a cathedral, 145 (n. 20).
Christ Church, Bergen;
king Hakon buried, 127.
Christ's Kirk, Birsay;
burial of St. Magnus, 51.
Christian I, king of Norway; mortgaged Orkney and Shetland to Scotland, 128.
Christiania Fjord, or the Vik, 13.
Church;
Pictish, Columban and Catholic, 6;
Norse influence, 6.
Clairdon, near Thurso;
earl Harald Ungi defeated, 87, 93;
where Lifolf Baldpate fell, 113.
Clibreck (Clibr'), part of Johanna's estate, 109, 110.
Clon, in Ross, granted by earl of Ross to Walter de Moravia, 113.
Clontarf, the battle of, 29, 37, 130.
Clouston, J. Storer;
A Branch of the Family, 143 (n. 19);
Orkney trithing. 39, 144 (n. 6).
Clyne, 55, 83, 93.
Cobbie Row, ruins of the castle of Kolbein Hruga, in Wyre, 100.
Coire, Loch;
lands probably held by Moddan family, 93, 98, 109, 110.
Coire-na-fearn, (Cornefern) Strathnavern, 55;
part of Johanna's estate, 110.
Collingwood, W.G., on Thorfinn as "king of Catanesse." 43, 133;
see Scandinavian Britain, transl. William the Wanderer.
Columba, St.;
Adamnan's Life of, 5, 141 (n. 9);
mission to Picts, settlement in Iona, 5, 17;
clergy removed to Dunkeld, 18;
relics removed, 19;
patron saint of Scot and Pict, 19;
his cult and culture destroyed by Norse, 130.
Columban settlements of hermits and missionaries, 2, 12;
Columban church, 75;
replaced by Catholic, 6, 141 (n. 10).
Columbus;
discovered America long after Norsemen, 136.
Comyn, Alexr.;
see Buchan, earl of, 114.
Comyn, John, m. Matilda heiress of Malcolm, earl of Angus, 103.
Comyn, Walter;
earl of Menteith, 120.
Constantine I;
viking raids, 18.
Constantine II;
Norse seize C. and S., 20.
Constantine III;
Danish attacks, 22.
Constantinople (Micklegarth), 66.
Coracles, Pictish boats, 12.
Cortachy, advowson of, 116, 117.
Craig Carrill Broch;
Roman tablets found, 5, 141 (n. 7).
Crakaig, crooked bay, now drained, 9.
Creich, owned by Hugo Freskyn, 55, 83;
including Assynt, 93;
granted by Hugo Freskyn to Gilbert while archdeacon of Moray, 93.
Crinan, Abthane of Dunkeld, m. Bethoc, dau. of Malcolm II, 36.
Croc Skardie;
(?) Sigurd's Howe, 142 (III, n. 9).
Cromarty;
northern Suter of, 86;
Norse place-names, 132;
Macbeth's property, 144 (n. 3).
Cruithne and his seven sons, 7.
Curle, A.O.;
early monuments of Caith. and Sutherland, 2, 9, 141 (II, ns. 2, 5), 147 (n. 6), 148 (n. 39).
Cyderhall, see Sigurd's Howe.
Dale, Dalar or Dalr, C.;
earl Skuli slain, 25;
home of Moddan, 16, 53.
Dalharrold, on River Naver, 89, 110;
belonged to Johanna, 151 (n. 43).
Dalriadic kingdom, 17, 19.
Dalrymple's Collections, on divorce, 85;
on earl Magnus II, 106; 26, 143 (n. 24), 47, 145 (n. 4), 149 (n. 8), 150 (n. 31), 153 (ns. 4, 10).
Damsey;
earl Erlend killed, 69.
Danes, 18, 19, 20;
Irish Danes, 22.
Darratha-Liod, 29-33.
Dasent, Sir G.W.;
transl. Orkneyinga Saga, q.v.;
Oxford Essays, q.v.;
Saga of Burnt Njal, q.v.
David I, king of Scotland;
church organisation, 53, 54;
earldom of Caithness held of him, 58;
his tutor John, bishop of Glasgow, 63;
visited by Sweyn Asleifarson, 66;
introduced feudal barons and charters, 75;
at Duffus Castle, 76, 77, 81, 82, 137;
by education a Norman knight, 137, 149 (n. 8).
David II, 109.
David Haraldson, earl of Orkney and Caith., 74, 90, 93;
did not have earl Ragnvald's share of Caith. earldom, 94;
succeeded to a reduced territory, 94, 107, 112;
sole earl of Orkney, 118;
joint earl with earl John, 94, 152 (n. 1);
death, 94, 121.
Dawey (Dalvey), 114.
Death in bed, a reproach among Norse, 24, 26.
Deer;
earls Ragnvald and Harald hunted red deer and reindeer in Caithness, 70;
red deer abounded in Cat, 8, 141 (II, n. 4).
Deerness, Mull of;
sea-fight between Thorfinn and Duncan I, 41;
king Hakon's fleet passed, 125.
Deerstalking, days of, Scrope, 8, 141 (II, n. 4).
De Moravia, see under Freskyn.
Dingwall;
southern limit of Norse, 132.
Dirlot, or Dilred, in Strathmore, C., 115.
Dolfin, son of Maldred, 36.
Dollar;
Scots defeated by Danes, 20.
Donada, dau. of Malcolm II, m. Finnleac, 37.
Donald, supposed son of Malcolm III, 48.
Donald Bane, claimant to Scottish crown, 49.
Donald Ban MacWilliam;
claimant of Scottish crown, 86, 119;
his son Guthred slain, 94;
descended from Ingibjorg, widow of Thorfinn and Malcolm Canmore, 119.
Dornoch (Durnach);
supposed dedication of Cathedral, 29;
monks to be protected, 54;
owned by Hugo Freskyn, 55;
in earldom of Caithness, 83;
cathedral of St. Barr, 83, 121, 134;
excluded from earldom of earl David, 93;
part granted by Hugo Freskyn to Gilbert, 93;
Embo near D., Norse defeated, 121;
existed in Norse times, 134;
Durnach, 146 (n. 20);
cathedral lands, 54, 146 (n. 21);
bishop Adam buried in, 152 (n. 9);
traditional origin of name, 155 (n. 4).
Dornock, Dumfriesshire, deriv., 155 (n. 4).
Dorruthar, 30.
Dougal of the Isles, in Orkney, 123;
joined Hakon's expedition, 126.
Douglas, family of, 54.
Dovyr, tofftys de;
part of Johanna's estate, 109;
from Gael. for water, identified as River and Loch Naver, 110.
Draughts;
played by St. Ragnvald, 61.
Dublin, 26, 73;
Sweyn killed at, 74.
Dufeyra, 63, 64.
Duffus;
near Burghead or Turfness, 41;
castle built by Freskyn de Moravia, 54, 55;
estates owned by Hugo Freskyn, 55;
Freskyn, lord of, 55, 76, 77;
estate succeeded to by Walter Freskyn, 79;
church, 79;
William MacFrisgyn second lord of, 91;
chapel of St. Lawrence, 114;
Freskyn's fortress checked Norse raids, 132;
king David's visit, 76, 77, 149 (n. 8);
rector of St. Peter's, 149 (n. 11).
Dufnjal, 50, 146 (n. 13).
Dugald, king of Sudreys;
intercepted the Scotch fine on C., 156 (n. 20).
D'Umphraville, Gilbert—earl of Angus;
m. Matilda, countess of Angus, 103.
D'Umphraville, Gilbert—earl of Angus;
son of Matilda, 103.
Dunadd, 19.
Dunbar, Sir Archibald; Scottish Kings, q.v.
Dunbarton, Dun-bretan, fort of the Britons, 17, 142 (II, n. 16).
Duncan I;
parentage, 36, 37;
Karl Hundason, 40;
at North Berwick, 41;
defeated by earl Thorfinn off Deerness, 41;
and at Turfness, 41;
his death and age, 42, 43;
created Moddan, his sister's son, earl of Caithness, 40, 59.
Duncan II, king of Scotland, 48, 49, 86;
son of Malcolm and Ingibjorg, 145 (n. 6), 146 (n. 13).
Duncan, earl;
father of Dufnjal, 146 (n. 13)
Duncan, earl of Angus, 103.
Duncan, maormor of Duncansby, 15;
m. Groa, 20;
his dau. Grelaud, 24, 25, 26.
Duncan, earl of Fife;
dau. Afreka m. Harald Maddadson, 73.
Duncansby or Dungallsby, 15, 20, 34, 38, 40, 62.
Dundas, Sir David, 3.
Dunfermelyn, Reg., 146 (ns. 20, 21), 150 (n. 31), 153 (n. 6).
Dunfermline;
Bishop Andrew a Culdean monk of, 83.
Dungal's Noep, C.;
battle, 26.
Dunkeld;
clergy of Iona removed to, eccl. capital for Scots and Picts, 18;
capital of southern Picts, 36;
bishopric founded, 53;
Andrew, bishop of Caith., abbot of, 83.
Dunnet Head, 43.
Dunrobin, 8;
glen, 21, 55;
charter room, 79
Robert, legendary 2nd earl of Sutherland, founder (?) 91;
MS. of Constitution of diocese, 121;
Norse derivation, 133.
Dunskaith, Castle of, 86.
Dunstable, Annals of, 97.
Durness (Dyrness);
clan Mackay, 56, 82;
in old earldom of Caithness, 83;
Asleifarvik, anchorage of Hakon's fleet, 125;
raided by Norse in retreat from Largs, 126;
Seanachaistel, chaistel, 133;133;
MacHeth settlement, 147 (n. 19).
Egilsay;
martyrdom of St. Magnus, 51;
bishop John from Athole visited, 63.
Einar Oily-tongue;
slew Havard jarl, 25.
Eindridi, 66;
wrecked off Shetland, 66;
sailed with earl Ragnvald to the East, 66;
his treachery, 66;
and desertion, 67.
Ekkjal, Norse name of Oykel, 7, 21.
Ekkjals-bakki, 7;
southern limit of conquest of earl Sigurd I, 20;
indentification disputed, 21;
earl Paul's journey to Athole, 63;
in Sweyn's track to burn Frakark, 64, 142 (III, n. 7);
Atjokl's bakki, 147 (n. 14).
Eclipse of sun in Orkney, Augt. 5th, 1263, 125.
Eddirdovir, castle of, at Redcastle, 86.
Eddrachilles, 8, 56, 83.
Edgar, claimant to Scottish crown, 49.
Einar Sigurdson, earl, 38, 39;
his slaughter, 40, 46.
Elgin;
cathedral, built by Andrew, bishop of Moray, 77, 80;
records, 81;
Johanna granted lands in Strathnaver for the cathedral, 109;
constitution of diocese based on Lincoln, 121;
guides for Sweyn, 64, 147 (n. 19).
Elin, dau. of Eric Stagbrellir, 72;
at home near Loch Naver, 84;
she, or sister, m. Gilchrist, earl of Angus, and was mother of Magnus II, earl of Caithness, 103, 106, 116, 117, 149 (n. 44).
Elk;
abounded in Cat, 8, 141 (II, n. 4);
horns found, 70, 148 (n. 39).
Ellarholm, 70, 148 (n. 36).
Ellwick (Ellidarvik), 124.
Embo, near Dornoch;
Norse defeated and their "prince" slain, to whom the Ri-Crois erected, 121.
Erde-houses, of Pictish times, 9.
Erg (Gaelic, airigh), a sheiling, Norse, setr, 70;
pl. ergin, sheilings, in Asgrim's Ergin, 71, 149 (n. 42) (Assary).
Eric bloody-axe, 25.
Erik the Red, Saga of, 157 (n. 19), see 136.
Eric Stagbrellir, son of Audhild, brought up in Kildonan by Frakark, 59;
sole male survivor of Moddan line, 59;
m. Ingigerd, dau. of earl St. Ragnvald, united the Erlend and Moddan estates, 59, 68, 69;
tried to reconcile earls Ragnvald and Harold, 69;
probably got earl Ottar's lands on the death of earl Erlend, 69;
viking raid to Hebrides and Scilly Isles, 70-72, 75, 84;
his son Harald Ungi made earl of Orkney and Caithness (excluding Sutherland), 87;
his son, Ragnvald, 88;
line represented by Snaekoll Gunni's son, 94, 98, 99.
Eric Streita;
husband of Audhild, dau. of Thorleif, 59.
Erlend Haraldson, earl of Orkney and Caith.;
heir of earl Ottar, 15, 58;
granted half earldom of Caith., 67;
granted half earldom of Orkney, 67;
supported by Sweyn, 67, 68;
in Shetland, 68;
slain, 69;
last of male line of Thorfinn Sigurdson, 69;
nearest heir, Ragnvald Gudrodson, king of Man, 88;
grandson of Hakon Paulson, 148 (n. 28);
not Erlend Ungi, 148 (n. 31).
Erlend Torf-Einarson, earl;
slain in England, 24.
Erlend Thorfinnson;
joint earl of Orkney and Caith. with his brother Paul, 47;
at battle of Stamford Bridge, 48;
banished to Norway where he died, 49;
his descendants, 55, 56;
his line of heirs, 84, 88;
Scottish policy as to succession, 91, 93;
Snaekoll Gunni's son, chief of line, 94, 99;
Skene's theory, 101;
the converse theory that Magnus of Angus m. the nameless dau. of earl John, through whom he got the title, and Paul's lands, 101, 108, 153 (n. 15);
his share of earldom of Caithness, 111, 115;
inherited by Johanna of Strathnaver, 117;
his line (excepting Harald Ungi) excluded from Orkney during rule of earl Harold, David and John, 118;
succession to Erlend lands in C., 138.
Erlend Ungi;
eloped with Margret, mother of earl Harold Maddadson, to Mousa Broch, 68;
reconciled to earl Harold, with whom he went to Norway, 68;
not earl Erlend, 148 (n. 31).
Erling Erlendson, 49;
in Norwegian expedition to Wales, 49;
probably killed in Ireland, 49.
Erling Ivar's son;
in Hakon's expedition, 125;
in raid on Dyrnes, 126.
Erlingson, Thorsteinn;
Ruins of Saga-time in Iceland, (Viking Society, extra series), 157 (n. 8).
Ermengarde, queen, 66.
Erriboll, Loch;
the Goafiord, or Hoanfiord, Hakon's fleet in, 126;
Lochvuaies, 156 (n. 18), see 126.
Euphemia, wife of Walter Freskin de Moravia of Duffus, dau. of Ferchar Mac-in-Tagart, earl of Ross, 79, 80, 113.
Evelix, River;
142 (III, n. 9).
Eystein, king of Norway, 50;
seized earl Harold Maddadson, 67;
invaded Aberdeen, 81.
Eysteinsdal, or Ousedale, near the Ord of Caithness; to which king William marched against earl Harold, 90, deriv., 151 (n. 47).
Eyvind Urarhorn; 39, 40.
Fair Isle; 62.
Faroes;
Picts, 12, 20, 130.
Farr;
old parish was Johanna's estate in Strathnaver, 110;
Borve Castle, 46, 133.
Federeth I (Fedrett), William de;
m. Christian, dau. of Freskin and Johanna, and got one fourth of Caithness, 107, 109;
Caithness lands, 118, 153 (n. 11), 156 (n. 20).
Federeth II, William de;
son of W.F. and Christian Freskin, sold his fourth of C. to Sir Reginald Chen III, 107, 153 (n. 11).
Felix, bishop of Moray;
witness, 149 (n. 8).
Feranach, Broch at;
Frakark's residence (?), 147 (n. 6).
Fernebuchlyn, 79.
Feudalism;
introduced into Scotland by Alexander I and David I, 53, 138.
Fib (Fife), 7.
Fidach (Moray), 7.
Fife;
conquests by earl Thorfinn, 42.
Finleac or Finlay MacRuari, maormor of Moray;
fought earl Sigurd at Skidamyre, 24;
m. dau. of Malcolm II, 37.
Finn Arnason, father of Ingibjorg, 43;
and of Sigrid, 145 (n. 5).
Firth par., Orkney;
Paplay, Thora's residence, 51, 146 (n. 14).
Flandrensis, not applied to Freskin de Moravia, 54, 81.
Flatey Book;
Thorstein the Red, 20, 142 (III, n. 4);
earls of Orkney, 22, 143 (n. 14);
story of Barth, 28;
continuation of Orkneyinga Saga, 75;
earl Ragnvald's half of Caith. earldom, 87, 94, 117;
extent of Harold's later earldom, 90, 25, 143 (n. 20), 26, 143 (n. 23);
battle of Skitten, 27, 143 (n. 29); 27, 143 (n. 30), 150 (n. 30), 152 (ns. 8, 10, 22).
Fleet, Loch;
no longer reaches to Pittentrail, 9.
Floruvoe, Floruvagr;
battle in 1135, 61;
battle in 1194, 100, 153 (n. 1).
Fordun;
rebellion in Moray, 82;
earl John's hostage dau., 107;
Annals, 150 (n. 25), 152 (n. 4).
Forfar; 22, 97.
Forsie, Force of Saga, 71, 148 (n. 41.)
Fortrenn;
Menteith, 7.
Fotla, Ath-Fodla;
Athol, 7.
Frakark, or Frakok, dau. of Moddan, 16;
m. Liot Nidingr, 53;
earl Harald Slettmali with her in N. Kildonan, 58;
banished from Orkney, went to her homesteads in Sutherland, 59, 60;
earl Ragnvald seeks her aid, 61, 62;
burnt alive, 64, 65;
Freskyn I her contemporary, 76;
Johanna of Strathnaver a connection, 110;
her residence, 147 (n. 6).
Fraser, or Fresel, of Beauly; 76.
Fraser, Sir William;
genealogy of Freskyn family, 92;
on Johanna of Strathnaver, 108;
The Sutherland Book, q.v.
Freskyn de Moravia, and family;
the family the mainstay of Scottish rule in the north, 35;
superintended building of Kinloss Abbey, 54;
ancestor of earls of Sutherland, 54;
built Duffus Castle, 54;
not a Fleming, 54, 82;
a Pict or Scot, and ancestor of families of Athole, Bothwell, Sutherland and probably Douglas, 54;
his family in Caith., 55;
great-great-grandfather of Freskin the younger, husband of Johanna, 55, 147 (n. 28);
two branches of family settled north of the Oykel, 55;