Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 3 (of 5)

Chapter 113: URETHRAL ANOMALIES.

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Comprehensive clinical manual detailing disorders of the nervous, genitourinary, ocular, and integumentary systems in domestic animals. It begins with principles of neural control and general symptomatology, classifying motor, sensory, and psychic disturbances and methods for localizing lesions. The text describes specific conditions such as seizures, paralysis, meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, tumors, and toxicoses, and outlines diagnostic signs and pathological causes. Later sections address urine analysis and renal disease, urinary tract inflammation and calculi, and diseases of the eye, skin, and constitutional systems, combining pathological description with clinical signs, differential diagnosis, and practical guidance for examination and interpretation.

URETHRAL ANOMALIES.

Imperforations. In the new born male, foal, lamb, etc. Usually at the outer end, and it may be for some distance back. In one case the sheath was firmly adherent on the wall of the abdomen, thus shutting off all exit of urine. If the canal is absent only at the orifice or for a short distance, the urethra beyond this can be felt full of liquid and fluctuating. The patient being properly fixed a fine trochar is pushed from the end of the penis into the blind end of the urethra, which will be ascertained by the overcoming of resistance. The trochar is now withdrawn and the urine flows through the cannula. A catheter or sound is now tied in the passage to maintain it pervious until cicatrization shall have taken place.

Hypospadias. Short urethra opening backward on the lower surface of the penis. Considered irremediable.

Epispadias. Urethra opening on the upper surface of the penis. Much more rare.