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The Agrarian Problem in the Sixteenth Century

Chapter 65: INDEX OF PERSONS
By R. H. Tawney
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History - BritishHistory - Modern (1750+)

About This Book

The author reconstructs the transformation of English agrarian life across the late medieval and early modern centuries by analysing manorial surveys, rentals, maps, and quantitative tables to chart changes in landholding and tenure. The account follows the spread of enclosure and the reallocation of customary rights that altered patterns of cultivation and tenure, and it assesses the social and economic consequences for rural populations, including shifts in tenantry and labour relations. The study also considers contemporary economic ideas and legal responses while noting the strengths and limits of the statistical evidence used.

INDEX OF PERSONS

  • Abbey of St. Albans, the, improvement of wastes by, 87
  • Abbot of Cerne, the, agreement by to enclose, 181
  • " Glastonbury, the, agreement by to enclose, 181
  • " Malmesbury, the, agreement by to enclose, 180–181
  • " Peterborough, the, dispute of with copyholders, 360
  • " St. Peter's, Gloucester, the, agreement by to enclose, 181
  • Ashley, Professor W.J.—
    • views of as to date of enclosing movement, 11
    • " " " legal position of copyholders, 290–292
  • Aske, Robert—
    • evidence of as to agrarian grievances, 319
    • " " " monastic economy, 383
    • Pilgrimage of Grace led by, 134, 319
  • Bacon, Francis—
    • bills against depopulation introduced by, 387
    • history of King Henry VII. by quoted, 28, 346
    • ideal of government of, 398
    • use of word “yeoman” by, 28
    • views as to pauperism of, 274
  • Bath, the Earl of, property of villeins seized by, 42–43
  • Becon, views of as to agrarian changes, 6, 7
  • Bell, William, commons enclosed by, 373
  • Berkeley, Lord Thomas, agreement by to enclose, 181
  • Bolen, Sir William, enclosing by, 380
  • Bracton—
    • on assize of novel disseisin, 122
    • villeinage, 292
  • Brudenell, Lord, fine imposed on for enclosing, 391
  • Buckingham, the Duke of—
    • enclosing by, 380
    • park made by, 148
  • Burleigh, Lord, advice of to Queen Elizabeth, 341

  • Cade, Jack, 194
  • Captain Pouch, part played by in revolt of 1607, 318
  • Cecil, Sir Robert—
    • views of on poor law, 273–274
    • " " military importance of ploughmen, 343
    • " " Statute of Inmates, 4, 279
  • Cecil, Sir William, letter to concerning Somerset’s policy, 347–348, 368
  • Celys, the, wool purchased by, 196
  • Charles I., agrarian policy of government of, 391, 398, 399
  • Clarkson—
    • Northumbrian manors surveyed by, 5
    • views of as to equal use of commons, 235
    • " " " importance of commons, 160
    • " " " importance of numerous tenantry, 189–190
  • Cobbett, view of as to social effects of reformation, 382
  • Coke, Sir Edward—
    • petition of tenants to, 412–413
    • reports of, 247
    • view of as to acts against depopulation, 379
    • " " " copyholders, 289, 291
    • " " " border tenure, 299
    • " " " Statute of Merton, 248
  • Combe, William, enclosing by, 375
  • Cotton, Sir J., enclosing by, 380
  • Coventry, Lord, address of to Judges of Assize, 398
  • Cromwell, Thomas—
    • letter of to Henry VIII., 360–361
    • " " Rich, 361
    • responsibility of for agrarian distress, 360
    • tenants protected by, 361
  • Crowley—
    • “Information and Petition against the Oppressors of the Poor Commons" by, 365–366
    • views of as to agrarian changes, 6, 179
    • " " " attitude of landlords, 384
    • " " " excessive fines and rents, 307
  • Cunningham, Dr., account of origin of corn laws, 3
  • Cushman, Robert, remarks of on emigration, 270
  • Danbury, Lord, enclosing by, 380
  • Darcy, Lord—
    • dispute of with tenants, 380
    • letter to from Commons of Westmoreland, 322
  • Darrell, William, complaints of tenants against, 374
  • Davenport, Miss—
    • evidence as to leasing of demesne, 209
    • " " " progress of pasture-farming, 224
  • Dawney, Sir John, ordered to reinstate tenants, 361
  • De Malynes, Gerard, views of as to effect of rise in prices, 199–200
  • Defoe, “Giving Alms no Charity" by, 105
  • Delavale, Joshua—
    • account of depopulation at Hartley by, 258
    • “Seaton Delavale,” 257
  • Delavale, Robert, enclosing and depopulation carried out by, 192, 257–258
  • Derby, the Earl of, eviction of tenants by, 361
  • Durham, the Dean of, account of depopulation by, 261

  • Edward VI.—
    • agrarian policy in reign of, 352, 362–372
    • Book of Private Prayer of quoted, 20
    • Remains of quoted, 6
  • Elizabeth, agrarian policy in reign of, 14, 372–374
  • Ely, the Bishop of, letter of Lord North to, 349
  • Everard, diggers led by, 321

  • Firth, The House of Lords during the Civil War by, 38
  • Fitzherbert—
    • Book of Husbandry and Surveying by, 5
    • " " "  on commons, 242
    • " " "  borrowing, 109
    • " " "  duty of housewives, 112
    • " " "  enclosing, 151
    • Surveying on commons, 249
    • " " copyholders, 288–289
    • " " enclosing, 150, 152
    • " " land taken from demesne or waste, 285
    • " " rack-renting, 150
  • Fortescue—
    • On the Governance of England by, quoted as to fiscal importance, 346
    • " " "  "  "  prosperity of peasants, 98, 133
  • Fowler, Dr. G.H., evidence of as to conditions at Aspley Guise, 73
  • Fuller—
    • The Holy and Profane State by, quoted as to yeomen, 36–37
    • " " "  "  "  fiscal importance, 346
  • Gardiner, History of England 1603–1642 by, quoted, 398
  • Gaskell—
    • Artisans and Machinery by, 106
    • The Manufacturing Population of Great Britain, 106
  • Gasquet, Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries by, 383
  • Gay, Professor—
    • views of as to progress of pasture-farming, 10, 195, 224, 263–265
    • " " revolt of 1607, 318, 320
    • " " small disturbance caused by enclosure, 11
  • Gneist, R. von, 400
  • Gonner, Professor—
    • evidence of as to continuity of enclosures, 11
    • " " "  enclosures of eighteenth century, 263
    • " " "  fines for depopulation, 386
    • " " "  immigration into towns, 275
  • Grenvilles, the, lands of Buckland Abbey granted to, 194

  • Hales, John—
    • bills introduced by, 367, 385
    • charge to juries by, 367
    • departure from England of, 371
    • evidence of as to enclosing by peasants, 151, 167
    • " " "  in fifteenth century, 11–12, 166
    • " " population, 105
    • " " rack-renting, 199
    • " " rise in prices, 199
    • part played by on Royal Commission of 1548–1549, 167, 360–367
    • remarks of on commons, 7
    • value of evidence of, 5–6, 386
    • Warwick’s attack on, 368
  • Hammond, J.L. and Barbara, views of as to enclosures of eighteenth century, 3, 183
  • Harrington, Sir J.—
    • views of as to decay of feudalism, 191
    • " " " effect of Tudor agrarian policy, 388–389
    • " " " rise of middle-classes, 38
  • Harrison—
    • views of on copyholders, 49, 56–57
    • " " depopulation, 105
    • " " diet of artificers and husbandmen, 132–133
    • " " Poor Laws, 271, 273
    • " " prosperity of yeomen, 10, 21, 40
    • " " superfluous trades, 19
  • Harry Clowte, 333
  • Hasbach—
    • quotation by as to advantages of copyhold tenure, 86
    • views of on age of marriage, 106
    • " " effects of Tudor commercial policy, 13
  • Henry II., Assize of Novel Disseisin established by, 122
  • Henry VII.—
  • Herbert, Lord, History of King Henry VIII. by, quoted, 398
  • Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke—
    • estates of, consolidation of peasant holdings on, 67–69
    • " " demesne lands on usually leased, 203
    • " " "  " leased to capitalist farmers, 210
    • " " "  "  "  " small holders, 204–205
    • " " "  "  "  " village, 205–206
    • " " "  " proportion of pasture on, 225–226
    • " " statistics of duration of tenure and of fines on, 298
    • " " "  " tenants on, 25
    • " " villeins on, 42
    • park of attacked by peasants, 194, 326
    • rebellion in West put down by, 324
    • share of in monastic estates, 324, 380
  • Humberstone—
    • manors of Duke of Devonshire surveyed by, 5
    • remarks of, on relation of lords to tenants, 349–350
    • " " on variety of manorial customs, 293
  • Huntingdon, the Earl of, request to elect his nominee, 387

  • Jack of the North, 333
  • Jack of the Style, 318
  • Jackson, Cyril, Report of on Boy Labour, 342
  • Johnson, the Rev. A.H.—
    • views of, on decay of yeomanry in nineteenth century, 139
    • " " enclosure of commons, 9
    • " " entailing of land, 39
    • " " geographical distribution of enclosures, 261

  • Kalm, Account of a Visit to England (translated by J. Lucas) by, on open field system, 389
  • Ket, Robert—
    • manor held by, 326
    • programme of agrarian reform put forward by, 334–337
    • rebellion in Norfolk led by, 331–333
  • King, Gregory—
    • statistics of as to population, 21
    • " " " yield of an acre, 111
  • Kitchin, Court Leet by, on copyhold tenure, 289

  • Latimer, Bishop—
  • Leadam, I.—
  • Lee, J.—
    • A Vindication of a Regulated Enclosure by, evidence of as to enclosures of
    • seventeenth century, 11, 151
    • number of labourers employed, 22
    • views of on uselessness of legislation, 319
    • " " yardlands, 67
  • Leicester, the Earl of, manor purchased by, 302
  • Leonard, Miss E.M.—
    • evidence of as to exclusion of immigrants by towns, 376
    • letter from Justices quoted by, 278–279
    • views of on enclosures of seventeenth century, 11
    • " " results of agrarian policy of Tudors and Stuarts, 348, 389–390
  • Lever, sermons by, 6
  • Lloyd, oppression of tenants by, 390
  • Locke, Two Treatises of Government by, quoted as to limits of Government action, 400

  • Mackay, T., views of on origin of Poor Law, 266–267
  • Maitland, F.W.—
    • evidence of as to fixed copyhold rents, 119, 305
    • view of as to nature of common rights, 244
  • Moore, John—
    • evidence of as to enclosures of seventeenth century, 5, 11, 167
    • " " " pauperism caused by enclosures, 278
  • More, Sir Thomas—
    • evidence of as to enclosing for pasture, 6
    • " " " monastic economy, 382
    • remarks of on condition of workmen and artificers, 45
    • " " nature of Government, 274, 372
  • Nasse, view of as to objects of enclosure, 10
  • Norden—
    • evidence of as to agriculture in Somersetshire, 110–111, 171
    • " " constitution of a manor, 350
    • evidence of as to copyhold and customary tenure, 47, 50
    • " " "  enclosure by peasants, 151
    • " " "  fixity of copyholders' rents, 118
    • " " "  relations between lords and freeholders, 30
    • " " "  rise in prices, 308
    • " " "  security of freeholders, 30, 35
    • " " "  unpopularity of surveyors, 349
    • " " "  villeinage, 46
    • " " "  wickedness of depopulation, 150
  • North, Lord, letter of to Bishop of Ely, 349
  • Northumberland, the Earl of—
  • Page, statistics of as to commutation of labour services, 52
  • Paget, Sir William, letter of to Somerset on peasants' revolts, 319, 338–339, 368
  • Parker, Archbishop, address of to Norfolk rebels, 332
  • Pembroke, the Earl of, see Herbert, Sir William
  • Petruschevsky—
    • The Rebellion of Wat Tyler by, on improvement of wastes, 87
    • on land speculation by peasants, 81
  • Pollard, Professor, 264, 371
  • Pollock and Maitland, see Maitland
  • Powell, E., The East Anglian Rising by, evidence of as to landholders, 21–22
  • Poyntz, Sir Nicholas, oppression of tenant by, 362
  • Pseudonismus—
    • Considerations concerning Common Fields and Enclosures and A Vindication of the Considerations concerning Common Fields and Enclosures, evidence of as to the abuse of commons, 171, 278 evidence of as to depopulation, 167
    • " " " enclosing in seventeenth century, 11, 388
    • " " " legislation checking conversion to pasture, 388

  • Raleigh, Walter (junior), on subsidies, 346
  • Raleigh, Walter (senior), part played in revolt of 1549, 194
  • Reyce, account by of prosperity of freeholders in Suffolk, 40
  • Rich, Lord—
    • enclosing by, 380
    • letter of Cromwell to, 361
  • Rogers, Thorold, statistics of as to prices, 13, 196, 198
  • Rous, evidence of as to enclosing in fifteenth century, 12
  • Russell, Ket’s Rebellion in Norfolk by, quoted, 98, 321, 324, 335, 368

  • St. John, Sir John, oppression of tenants by, 362
  • Sanders, part played by in agrarian dispute at Coventry, 326
  • Sandes, Richard, paper by on the evils of depopulation, 416–417
  • Sandys, Archbishop, letter of to Queen Elizabeth, 48–49
  • Savine, Dr. A.—
    • views of on copyhold tenure, 287, 292, 300
    • " " monastic economy, 203, 225, 226, 383
    • " " villeinage in sixteenth century, 41
  • Saye and Sele, Lord, name of returned among enclosers, 376
  • Schanz, Professor G., statistics of as to export of woollen cloth, 196
  • Seebohm, Dr. F., Domesday statistics quoted by, 27
  • Shakespeare, references to works of, 194, 343
  • Sheffield, Sir R., enclosing by, 380
  • Shrewsbury, the Earl of—
  • Slater, Dr. G.—
    • Summary of Depopulation Acts by, 353
    • views of on effect of statutes against depopulation, 389
    • " " geographical distribution of enclosures, 262
    • " " policy of Clarendon, 400
  • Smith, Sir Thomas—
    • De Republica Anglorum by, on copyholders, 56–57
    • " " "  "  Court of Star Chamber, 358
    • " " "  "  villeinage, 46
    • " " "  "  yeomen, 28, 32
  • Somerset, the Duke of—
    • Act giving security to tenants on demesnes of, 294, 365
    • agrarian policy of, 362–370
    • Commission on Enclosures appointed by, 366
    • Court of Requests used by, 367
    • execution of, 370
    • proclamation issued by, 7, 367
  • Starkey, Thomas, A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset by, on agrarian changes, 5
  • Starkey, Thomas, A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset by, on encouragement of marriage, 105
  • Starkey, Thomas, A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset by, on entailing of lands, 39
  • Starkey, Thomas, A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset by, on relations between lords and tenants, 195
  • Steffen, Dr. G., statistics of as to price changes, 13, 198
  • Stuarts, the, see Charles I., James I.
  • Throgmorton, Sir John, oppression of tenants by, 373
  • Tom of Trumpington, 333
  • Tusser, Six Hundred Points of Husbandry by, evidence of as to agrarian changes, 5
  • Unwin, Professor G.—
    • evidence of as to formation of compact holdings by peasants, 84, 164
    • " " " growth of capitalists in woollen industry, 186
  • Vermuyden, engaged to drain Great Level, 395
  • Vinogradoff, Professor P.—
    • Domesday statistics quoted by, 27
    • rights of common explained by, 244
    • views of as to equality of shares in fields, 77, 92

  • Walter of Henley on yield of an acre, 111
  • Warwick, the Earl of—
    • attack of on Hales, 368
    • " on Somerset led by, 380
    • character of Government of, 371–372
    • Ket’s rebellion crushed by, 324, 332
    • share of in monastic estates, 380
  • Westmoreland, the Earl of, disputes of with tenants, 380
  • Willoughbys, the, 192
  • Wilson, Dr. Thomas—
  • Witte, Sir J., enclosing by, 380

  • Yorke, Sir John—
    • land speculation by, 381
    • oppression of tenants by, 285, 390
  • Young, Arthur—
    • views of as to open field system, 401, 405
    • " " " rents, 118

THE END