This work surveys the political history and contemporary condition of Indigenous peoples in the United States during a period of rapid transition, combining firsthand investigations, agency reports, and case studies. It examines legal disputes and abuses such as the White Earth controversy, military confrontations and movements among Plains communities, biographies of prominent leaders, and episodes of resistance and loss. The volume addresses education, health, land leasing and irrigation, agriculture and commerce, cultural practices and religion, the decline of the buffalo, and includes statistical and photographic documentation, concluding with fieldworker recommendations and policy proposals aimed at justice and reform.