The Amphibians and Reptiles of Michoacán, México

Smith (1942a:360) diagnosed Sceloporus melanorhinus calligaster as having fewer femoral pores than the other subspecies of S. melanorhinus and as having the lateral belly patches in the males confluent in the midline. Examination of forty specimens from the Tepalcatepec Valley and the coastal regions of Michoacán does not substantiate this diagnosis. The number of femoral pores varies from 15 to 22 (18.9); 14 individuals (35%) had 20 or more femoral pores. Smith (loc. cit.) stated that S. melanorhinus in Oaxaca had 18 to 27 (21.6) femoral pores and that 77 per cent of the specimens had more than 20 femoral pores. Of the 24 males examined from Michoacán, 18 have the lateral belly patches separated in the midline. Usually they are separated by no more than one scale, but in some individuals they are separated by two or more scales. Although the above data minimize certain differences between the northern and southern populations of this species, certain of the color pattern characters seem to be diagnostic of the subspecies inhabiting the Pacific lowlands from Guerrero to Nayarit. Large adults of S. m. calligaster have only a faint dorsal pattern, which in the subspecies melanorhinus and stuarti consists of a series of large, dark, interconnected triangles on the back. This pattern is present in young and small adults of S. m. calligaster; furthermore, in this subspecies the ventral coloration of the males differs from that found in the more southern populations. Adult males of S. m. calligaster have a black throat, that changes to brilliant blue posteriorly, and a large white spot medially on the chin. This spot is present in some specimens from Oaxaca and Chiapas, but, if present, it is much smaller and less distinct than in specimens from Michoacán. In S. m. calligaster the chest and midventral area are orange to salmon-color.

A male from Lombardia in life was colored as follows: Dorsum grayish tan bearing faint bluish gray flecks; chest deep salmon-orange, this color continuing down midventral area to the somewhat paler groin; belly patches pale blue fading to pale green laterally; throat black anteriorly enclosing a white spot; throat blue posteriorly and bluish green posterolaterally.

Individual lizards were observed to change in dorsal color from a pale ashy gray to a rather dull brown. Normally, inactive individuals and those observed on overcast days were dull brown.

Sceloporus melanorhinus calligaster is found in trees in riparian situations in the lowlands to elevations of about 1500 meters. It does not inhabit the arid tropical scrub forest in the Tepalcatepec Valley or on the coast, but in those areas is found in the gallery forests along streams and rivers. The lizards are wary and live high in the trees; they are especially difficult to locate in the rainy season, when the trees are in full leaf.

Sceloporus pyrocephalus Cope

This small species is extremely common in the Tepalcatepec Valley and noticeably less so on the coast. It is usually found on the ground in rocky areas, but males frequently have been seen on the trunks of low trees in the scrub forest. Altitudinally, it ranges from sea level to slightly more than 1000 meters. The sexes are readily distinguished in the field (Oliver, 1937; Smith, 1939; Duellman, 1954b). In the dry season only males were observed in the Tepalcatepec Valley, but in the rainy season both sexes were found in approximately the same numbers.

Sceloporus scalaris scalaris Wiegmann

This small terrestrial species does not seem to be abundant anywhere in the state. It sometimes is found in open pine, oak, or pine-oak forest, but usually it is observed in areas supporting bunch grass. In such places the lizards sun and forage on the open ground and quickly take refuge in the large clumps of grass. Altitudinally, the species ranges from 1550 to 2300 meters. Although Sceloporus scalaris scalaris has been found in association with S. dugesi intermedius, S. spinosus, and S. torquatus, it does not seem to form any close ecological association with any of these species. In the pine forests of the Cordillera Volcánica S. s. scalaris is replaced by Sceloporus aeneus aeneus, another small terrestrial species that occurs in great abundance throughout the coniferous forests of the Cordillera Volcánica.

Sceloporus siniferus siniferus Cope

This small terrestrial species inhabits the dense arid tropical scrub forest on the coast and lower foothills of the Sierra de Coalcomán to elevations of about 150 meters. It also occurs in the lower Balsas Valley, but it has not been found in the scrub forest of the broad Tepalcatepec Valley. Perhaps the large number of Sceloporus siniferus on the coastal lowlands is responsible for the small number there of S. pyrocephalus, another terrestrial species of about the same size. The latter is abundant in the Tepalcatepec Valley, where S. siniferus siniferus has not been found. Sceloporus siniferus siniferus is a fast runner and difficult to collect; consequently, the small number of specimens available is not indicative of its abundance.

Sceloporus spinosus spinosus Wiegmann

Although this species is widespread on the southern part of the Mexican Plateau, it is uncommon in Michoacán. It has been collected only in rather open situations in the mesquite-grassland on the plateau between 1500 and 2300 meters, where it has been found in association with Sceloporus dugesi intermedius and S. scalaris scalaris. Most specimens of Sceloporus spinosus spinosus have been observed on rock fences. In this habitat the species is the larger member of a pair of species, the smaller of which is Sceloporus dugesi intermedius.

Sceloporus torquatus torquatus Wiegmann

This large species inhabits the Mexican Plateau and the Cordillera Volcánica, but not the Sierra de Coalcomán, where apparently it is replaced by Sceloporus bulleri. Sceloporus torquatus torquatus usually is found in pine or pine-fir forests at elevations between 1450 and 3000 meters. In many places it is almost entirely arboreal, but in areas where there are many fallen trees or rock fences and rock piles, many individuals have been found on the ground near the rocks or logs. In the coniferous forests this species is associated with S. grammicus microtepidotus and S. aeneus aeneus.

The distinction made by Smith (1938:572) between the subspecies S. torquatus torquatus and melanogaster is slight. Individuals with pale bluish spots are found throughout the range of the species in Michoacán; spotting is especially evident in the young. Individuals having an incomplete nuchal collar have been found at Maravatio and at Zinapécuaro in the northern part of the state; in this character these specimens resemble S. torquatus melanogaster, which is found to the north from Guanajuato to Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí.

Sceloporus utiformis Cope

In Michoacán the range of this species is discontinuous. It has been found between 1050 and 1550 meters on the slopes of the Cordillera Volcánica, and on the coast and seaward slopes of the Sierra de Coalcomán up to an elevation of 900 meters. It is absent from the Tepalcatepec Valley. At Uruapan and at Cascada Tzararacua this lizard was found on the ground in oak forest or in open pine-oak forest; on the coast and foothills of the Sierra de Coalcomán it was found on the ground in the gallery forests along streams, and not in the scrub forest.

Urosaurus bicarinatus tuberculatus (Schmidt)

The known distribution and geographic variation of Urosaurus bicarinatus in southwestern México presents a confused picture. In general rugosity, specimens from the coastal region of Michoacán (Coahuayana, La Orilla, La Placita, Playa Azul, and Pómaro) resemble U. bicarinatus tuberculatus to the north along the Pacific coast. Furthermore, specimens from the coast have less stippling in the gular region than do those from the Sierra de Coalcomán and the slopes of the Cordillera Volcánica. Specimens from the mountains have greatly carinate enlarged dorsals, large lateral tubercles, and heavily stippled throats; in these characters they resemble specimens from Morelos, Guerrero, and Oaxaca. As mentioned by Peters (1954:14), some specimens from La Orilla and San Salvador are like U. bicarinatus bicarinatus in certain characters, and one specimen has the blue ventral patches restricted to the sternal area, a characteristic of U. bicarinatus anonymorphus of Oaxaca and eastern Guerrero. Examination of all available specimens from Michoacán indicates that the nature of the dorsal scales is of little value in separating the subspecies. The specimens from Michoacán are here provisionally referred to U. bicarinatus tuberculatus, because cursory examination of specimens from several localities between Nayarit and Oaxaca shows that there are only minor differences between the named populations. Individuals from the northern part of the range are more rugose and have larger blue ventral patches and less gular stippling than those from the south.

In Michoacán Urosaurus bicarinatus tuberculatus is found in wooded areas, not in open scrub forest, in the coastal area to elevations of about 900 meters, and along the slopes of the Cordillera Volcánica and the southern edge of the Mexican Plateau at elevations from 1000 to 1700 meters. The record for Tupátaro probably is erroneous, for no other specimens of this species are known from the central plateau. Essentially, the distribution of this species parallels that of Sceloporus utiformis, a strictly terrestrial species. Urosaurus bicarinatus tuberculatus lives on tree trunks. Below 1000 meters in the Tepalcatepec Valley Urosaurus bicarinatus tuberculatus is replaced by Urosaurus gadowi.

Urosaurus gadowi (Schmidt)

Although individuals of this species have been collected at elevations slightly exceeding 1200 meters on Volcán Jorullo and at 1100 meters at Ziracuaretiro on the southern slopes of the Cordillera Volcánica, for the most part these lizards are found at elevations of less than 800 meters, where they inhabit the open arid scrub forest of the Tepalcatepec Valley, a region to which this species is endemic (Duellman, 1958b:49). These small lizards usually are found on the trunks and main branches of the small trees in the scrub forest; in this habitat they are associated with Sceloporus horridus oligoporus, a much larger species.

Males have a pale orange spot on the throat and a pale blue belly; females have immaculate venters.

A specimen from Guayabo on the northern slopes of the Sierra de Coalcomán was referred to Urosaurus irregularis (Fischer) by Peters (1954:15). I have studied this specimen (BMNH 1914.1.28.110), a female having a snout-vent length of 46 mm., and agree with Peters that it closely resembles Fischer's description and figure (1882: pl. 17, fig. 1). This specimen and those seen of Urosaurus gadowi all have pavementlike enlarged dorsal scales that are complete across the vertical line. In U. gadowi the enlarged dorsals usually are in four to six irregular rows; in the specimen from Guayabo the dorsals are in two rows. Although none of the other specimens of U. gadowi examined has only two rows of enlarged dorsals, I prefer to consider the specimen from Guayabo as an aberrant individual of that species, rather than U. irregularis. Guayabo is in the known range of U. gadowi. Urosaurus irregularis is known only from the type specimen in the Bremen Museum; the type locality, according to Fischer (1882:232), is "Aus dem Hochlande von Mexico." If an examination of the type specimen of U. irregularis shows it to be identical with U. gadowi, then U. irregularis would be the name for the lizards here referred to U. gadowi.

Mabuya brachypoda Taylor

Previously this species has been reported from La Placita as Mabuya mabouya alliacea by Peters (1954:15). Webb (1958:1311) provided evidence that Mexican specimens were conspecific with Mabuya brachypoda, as described from Costa Rica by Taylor (1956:308). The large series in the Taylor collection studied by Webb and listed by him as being from Uruapan actually is part of a series collected by Hobart M. Smith at El Sabino at an elevation of 1050 meters, 30 kilometers south of Uruapan.

This species probably ranges throughout the coastal region of the state; individuals from La Placita and Playa Azul were taken in dense scrub forest near sea level.

Scincella assata taylori (Oliver)

The specimen from Ostula was obtained in semi-deciduous broad-leaf forest at an elevation of 120 meters; that from 21 kilometers south of Arteaga was taken in oak forest at an elevation of 830 meters. Both localities are on the coastal slopes of the Sierra de Coalcomán. Probably the species inhabits the heavy forests on the lower slopes of these mountains. The specimen from south of Arteaga (UMMZ 119117) in life had a tan dorsum and a bright orange-pink tail.

Eumeces altamirani Dugès

One specimen of this rare species was found beneath a rock in the open scrub forest 12 kilometers east of Apatzingán on July 3, 1955. Another skink, presumably of this species, was seen at Capirio. The specimen from east of Apatzingán is a male having a snout-vent length of 97 mm. and an incomplete tail. In most respects it compares favorably with accounts of the species given by Taylor (1936b:55 and 1936c:102). The frontal is divided by a transverse suture; the enlarged dorsal scales are arranged in 11 pairs anteriorly, followed by 48 unpaired enlarged scales. The head and middorsal area are brown; there is a pale tan stripe on the edges of the vertebral and paravertebral rows, bordered by a dark brown stripe on the paravertebral row, which, in turn, is bordered by a pale tan stripe on the lateral edge of the paravertebral scale row and the median edge of the adjacent scale row. The stripes extend from the neck to the base of the tail. The flanks are mottled with brown and cream-color; the labials are cream-color barred by brown; the venter is a pale cream-color.

Dugès (1891:485) described Eumeces altamirani from "las regiones cálidas del Estado de Michoacán" and subsequently (1896:480) gave Apatzingán as a locality for the species. Presumably he had only one specimen. In 1935 Hobart M. Smith collected the species at El Sabino on the lower slopes of the Cordillera Volcánica bordering the Tepalcatepec Valley. All of the known specimens are from this valley and the adjacent slopes, an area to which the species apparently is endemic.

Eumeces colimensis Taylor

The species was reported by Peters (1954:16); no additional material has been discovered. The species is known only from foothills and low mountains at elevations between 130 and 950 meters in Michoacán and Colima.

Eumeces copei Taylor

This member of the Eumeces brevirostris-group has been found only in pine or pine-fir forests at elevations from 1800 to 2700 meters. It probably ranges throughout the high mountains of the state north of the Tepalcatepec Valley; its apparent absence in other parts of the Cordillera Volcánica, other than on Cerro Tancítaro, is surprising. The species has been taken near Asunción in the state of México and at Lagunas de Zempoala in Morelos.

In this species the lateral pale yellow stripe, which is bordered below by dark brown, extends to the groin and onto the base of the tail. The dorsolateral stripe is separated from the copper-colored middorsum by a narrow brown stripe.

Eumeces dugesi Thominot

Individuals of this species frequently have been found beneath rocks and logs in pine-oak, pine, or fir forests from elevations of 1550 to 1850 meters. To judge from specimens available, E. dugesi probably is the most abundant and widespread species of skink in the state.

In this species the lateral yellow stripe is indistinct and is persistent only in the axilla; the dorsolateral stripes terminate anterior to the hind limbs and are not separated from the tan dorsum.

Eumeces indubitus Taylor

The one specimen of this species from Michoacán was collected by Edward H. Taylor in pine forest at Puerto Hondo, near Zitácuaro, at an elevation of about 2750 meters (Taylor, 1935:466). The species is known from the high mountains of eastern Michoacán, western México, and northern Morelos.

Eumeces parvulus Taylor

Aside from the specimens reported by Peters (1954:17), one other specimen was obtained at El Ticuiz. It has 22 scale rows, 3 supraoculars in contact with the frontal, 2 postlabials, and a unicolored olive-tan dorsum. In life the anterior dorsolateral stripes were pale pinkish tan, the labials cream color, the throat white, and the tail pale blue. All specimens were found in semi-deciduous broad-leaf forest at elevations of less than 500 meters on the seaward slopes of the Sierra de Coalcomán.

Ameiva undulata sinistra Smith and Laufe

Six males and six females from the Tepalcatepec Valley have more femoral pores than do 16 males and nine females from the coastal lowlands; the ranges and average number of femoral pores in the former are 40-50 (44.8) for males and 38-40 (38.6) for females; males from the coast have 34-44 (39.2), and females have 32-40 (36.2) femoral pores. In all specimens the number of lamellae beneath the fourth toe varies from 26 to 33 (29.7). In life juveniles have a pale olive-tan dorsum and a dorsolateral dark band, superimposed on which is a row of darker brown spots. The dorsolateral band is bordered below by a narrow cream-colored stripe. The tail is tan above and grayish white below; the belly is pale bluish white. Adult males are brilliantly colored in life. A male having a snout-vent length of 108 mm. had a rusty brown dorsum and bright blue bars on the flanks separated by dark brown interspaces. The side of the head was pale green, and the chin and throat were golden yellow. In some specimens the throat is orange. Juveniles and subadults have dark flecks on the brown or tan middorsal area, but these are absent in the largest males.

This species inhabits the heavily wooded areas in the lowlands to elevations of about 950 meters. In the Tepalcatepec Valley it has been found only in gallery forests along streams. In both the Tepalcatepec Valley and the coastal lowlands there is a noticeable absence of large adults in the dry season.

Cnemidophorus calidipes Duellman

This small, distinctive species of the sexlineatus-group of Cnemidophorus was discovered in the Tepalcatepec Valley in 1955 (Duellman, 1955); subsequent field studies showed it to be widespread in the valley (Duellman, 1960c). One specimen (KU 29747) is from the relatively arid, low Pacific slope of the Sierra de Coalcomán, 25 kilometers south of Arteaga. All other specimens have been taken at elevations of 200 to 650 meters in the Tepalcatepec Valley, where the species characteristically inhabits the open scrub forests of the valley floor, especially the Cercidium-Prosopis-Apoplanesia associations, where there is a sparse growth of grasses. In this habitat it is most frequently seen in association with Cnemidophorus costatus zweifeli and C. deppei infernalis.

Aside from the characters given in Table 5, Cnemidophorus calidipes differs from other species of Cnemidophorus in Michoacán by possessing a complete (or nearly so) supraorbital semicircle-series of granules; in other species the granules seldom extend anteriorly beyond the posterior border of the frontal.

Cnemidophorus communis communis Cope

The specimens from Coalcomán and the coastal localities were referred to Cnemidophorus sacki copei by Peters (1954:18) and Duellman (1954b:12). Zweifel (1959a) referred these specimens to Cnemidophorus communis communis and pointed out the probable sympatry of C. communis and C. costatus (= sacki of Zweifel) in the Tepalcatepec Valley.

There is considerable geographic variation in the number of dorsal granules around the midbody. Sixteen specimens from the coastal regions of Michoacán have 129-146 (136.3) granules; nine from the Tepalcatepec Valley have 124-137 (128.3), and 44 from Coalcomán at an elevation of 950 meters in the Sierra de Coalcomán, intermediate geographically between the coast and the Tepalcatepec Valley, have 105-144 (119.7). The number of granules in specimens from the coast of Michoacán compares favorably with the range of 118-154 (137.8) for 34 specimens from Colima, Colima (Zweifel, 1959a:107). Aside from the characters given in Table 5, C. communis communis can be distinguished from other members of the Cnemidophorus sexlineatus-group (calidipes, costatus, and scarlaris) by its relatively small post-antebrachial scales.

Table 5.—Comparison of the Ten Species and Subspecies of Cnemidophorus in Michoacán (Scale Counts Are for Specimens from Michoacán Only)

Although this is the largest species of Cnemidophorus in Michoacán (adult males attain a snout-vent length of 135 mm.), it is neither widespread nor abundant. On the coastal lowlands it occurs primarily with Cnemidophorus lineatissimus lividus. In the coastal lowlands there is little open scrub forest, a type of habitat that seems to be preferred by C. communis communis. In the Tepalcatepec Valley, C. communis communis occurs in the open scrub forest with the more abundant large species C. costatus (subspecies zweifeli). Only in the scrub forest in the Coalcomán Valley, where no other species of Cnemidophorus occurs, is C. communis communis abundant.

Cnemidophorus costatus occidentalis Gadow

Only four specimens from the extreme northwestern part of the state are referable to this subspecies. These have 97 to 102 dorsal granules at midbody and lack the blue gular band or spot characteristic of the subspecies in the Tepalcatepec Valley. Probably C. costatus occidentalis ranges throughout the Chapala depression, but to the east it is replaced by Cnemidophorus scalaris scalaris.

Cnemidophorus costatus zweifeli Duellman

These lizards were referred to Cnemidophorus sacki copei by Duellman (1954b:12 and 1955:6); Duellman (1960a) described the subspecies zweifeli and assigned it to Cnemidophorus sacki. Zweifel (1961:98) used the specific name C. costatus for the whiptails on the southwestern part of the Mexican Plateau (C. c. occidentalis). Since occidentalis and zweifeli are conspecific, the combination C. costatus zweifeli is used here for the population inhabiting the Tepalcatepec Valley.

This lizard is abundant in the Tepalcatepec Valley, where it lives in open and dense scrub forest, usually at elevations of less than 1000 meters. Throughout the valley it is found in association with Cnemidophorus deppei infernalis, and in the lower parts of the valley it also is associated with Cnemidophorus calidipes. Observations made in the dry season indicate that large adults are not active at that time.

On the coastal lowlands and in the valleys in the Sierra de Coalcomán Cnemidophorus costatus zweifeli is replaced by C. communis communis. To the east in the Balsas Basin C. costatus zweifeli intergrades with C. costatus costatus.

Cnemidophorus deppei deppei Wiegmann

This small species, which is extremely abundant on the coastal lowlands of Guerrero, seems to be rare on the coast of Michoacán, where it has been taken at elevations of 130 and 500 meters in open situations in otherwise forested areas. Duellman and Wellman (1960:25) discussed these specimens in relation to their subspecific assignment. They were referred to Cnemidophorus deppei lineatissimus by Peters (1954:18).

Cnemidophorus deppei infernalis Duellman and Wellman

This is one of the most abundant and widespread lizards in the Tepalcatepec Valley. Throughout its range it is ecologically associated with Cnemidophorus costatus zweifeli, which ranges to elevations somewhat higher than the 1050 meters known for C. deppei infernalis. This small lizard reaches its greatest abundance in grassy areas on the floor of the Tepalcatepec Valley, where in the Cercidium-Prosopis-Apoplanesia associations it occurs with Cnemidophorus calidipes.

Duellman and Wellman (1960) discussed the variation and relationships of Cnemidophorus deppei, of which the subspecies infernalis is restricted to the Balsas-Tepalcatepec Basin.

Cnemidophorus lineatissimus exoristus Duellman and Wellman

As in Cnemidophorus calidipes, the distribution of this subspecies seems to be restricted to the Tepalcatepec Valley, except in the vicinity of Arteaga, where it occurs on the southern slope of the Sierra de Coalcomán. As pointed out by Duellman and Wellman (1960:46), the specimens from south of Arteaga are like those from the Tepalcatepec Valley in scutellation and coloration, and not like Cnemidophorus lineatissimus lividus from the geographically closer coastal lowlands.

In the Tepalcatepec Valley Cnemidophorus lineatissimus exoristus inhabits gallery forests along the larger streams; in this habitat it is associated with Ameiva undulata sinistra. From the other species of Cnemidophorus in Michoacán, C. lineatissimus exoristus can be distinguished by the possession of seven longitudinal stripes in adults and by the characters of scutellation given in Table 5.

Cnemidophorus lineatissimus lineatissimus Cope

These specimens have 117 to 126 dorsal granules at midbody, a noticeably lower count than that for Cnemidophorus lineatissimus lividus on the coast of Michoacán, which has 126 to 164 (148). Apparently these specimens represent immature C. lineatissimus lineatissimus; the differences between these and C. lineatissimus lividus from nearby localities indicate that possibly the populations are distinct species and not subspecies, as suggested by Duellman and Wellman (1960:41).

Cnemidophorus lineatissimus lividus Duellman and Wellman

This is the most abundant and widespread species of Cnemidophorus on the coastal lowlands of Michoacán, where it ranges from sea level to elevations of about 500 meters. In this area it inhabits dense arid scrub forest and semi-deciduous broad-leafed forest. Both of these habitats are continuous, or nearly so, along the lowlands and foothills of the Sierra de Coalcomán. This in itself may explain the abundance of Cnemidophorus lineatissimus and the relative scarcity of C. deppei and C. communis in the coastal area, for C. deppei and C. communis usually inhabit more open arid scrub forest, as occurs in the Tepalcatepec Valley. Living in the dense scrub forest with C. lineatissimus is Ameiva undulata sinistra.

Cnemidophorus scalaris Cope

Zweifel (1959a:72) assigned the small species of Cnemidophorus having a relatively low number of dorsal granules and inhabiting the southern part of the Mexican Plateau to C. scalaris, which he diagnosed as rarely exceeding 100 mm. in snout-vent length and always having an average of less than 100 dorsal granules at midbody and usually less than 90. Forty-two specimens from the south shore of Lago de Cuitzeo (UMMZ 119558) have 80-91 (85.8) dorsal granules. Four specimens from 21 kilometers north of Norelia (UIMNH 6952 and UMMZ 104743) have 89, 78, 92, and 84 granules; one from Morelia (UMMZ 104742) has 78; two from Araro (UMMZ 119522) have 80 and 87; one from Jacona (UIMNH 24703) has 88.

Since no large adult males are present in the series from Michoacán, an adequate comparison of coloration between these and populations on the northern part of the Mexican Plateau cannot be made. Cnemidophorus scalaris is a name applied to the lizards inhabiting the Mexican Plateau from Chihuahua south to Puebla by Zweifel (1959a:72). It is doubtful if all of the populations assigned to this subspecies belong there; possibly more than one species is involved, but the paucity of material prevents further analysis at this time.

Heloderma horridum horridum (Wiegmann)

This species is known from elevations of less than 1000 meters in the Tepalcatepec Valley, the Sierra de Coalcomán, and the coastal lowlands. Specimens from Coalcomán, La Placita, and Parácuaro came from areas of dense woods; those from Apatzingán and Oropeo might have come from patches of dense woods in the otherwise open scrub forest of the Tepalcatepec Valley.

Gerrhonotus imbricatus imbricatus Wiegmann