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The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.

Chapter 3: WOODCUT ILLUSTRATIONS.
By John Evans
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About This Book

A systematic survey of bronze-age metalwork in the British Isles, combining descriptive history with a detailed catalogue and engraved illustrations. It organizes types of implements—flat, flanged, winged celts, palstaves, socketed axes—alongside chisels, gouges, hammers, weapons, and personal ornaments, and describes methods of hafting and local variations. The author compares British forms with continental analogues, emphasizes minute morphological features for tracing cultural connections, and offers practical notes on discovery contexts and museum specimens. An accompanying index and smaller-type technical entries provide references for specialists while more general sections address broader historical and archaeological questions.

WOODCUT ILLUSTRATIONS.

The references are to the original sources of such cuts as have not been engraved expressly for this book.

CHAPTER III.
FLAT AND FLANGED CELTS.
FIG. PAGE
1. Cyprus 40
2. Butterwick 41
3. Moot Low 44
Llew. Jewitt, F.S.A., “Grave Mounds,” fig. 187.
4. Yorkshire 45
5. Weymouth 46
6. Read 47
7. Suffolk 48
8. Arreton Down 49
Archæologia, vol. xxxvi. p. 329.
9. Plymstock 50
10. ——” 50
Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 346.
11. Thames 52
12. Norfolk 52
13. Dorsetshire 53
14. Lewes 53
Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 167.
15. Ely 53
16. Barrow 54
17. Liss 54
18. Rhosnesney 55
19. Drumlanrig 56
20. Lawhead 57
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 105.
21. Nairn 58
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. N.S.
22. Falkland 59
23. Greenlees 59
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xii. p. 601.
24. Perth 60
25. Applegarth 60
26. Dams 61
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xiii. p. 120.
27. Ballinamallard 61
28. North of Ireland 62
29. Ireland 62
30. Tipperary 62
Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 410.
31. Ireland 63
32. Connor 64
33. Clontarf 65
34. Ireland 65
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 248.
35. Ireland 66
36. Trim 66
37. Ireland 66
38. —” 66
39. Punched patterns 67
40. —”———” 67
41. —”———” 67
42. —”———” 67
43. —”———” 67
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” figs. 286 to 290.
44. Armoy 68
45. Ireland 68
46. —” 69
47. —” 69
CHAPTER IV.
WINGED CELTS AND PALSTAVES.
48. Icelandic Palstave 71
49. —”———” 71
Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 74.
50. Wigton 73
51. Chollerford Bridge 74
52. Chatham 74
53. Burwell Fen 75
54. Bucknell 75
55. Culham 75
56. Reeth 76
57. Dorchester 76
58. Colwick 77
59. Barrington 78
60. Harston 78
61. Shippey 79
62. Severn 80
63. Sunningwell 80
64. Weymouth 82
65. Burwell Fen 82
66. East Harnham 83
67. Burwell Fen 83
68. Thames 84
69. Stibbard 84
70. Irthington 85
71. North Owersby 85
72. Bonn 85
73. Dorchester 87
74. Wallingford 88
75. Stanton Harcourt 88
76. Brassington 89
77. Bath 89
78. Oldbury Hill 90
79. Ross 91
80. Honington 91
81. Ely 92
82. Bottisham 92
83. Nettleham 93
Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 160.
84. Cambridge 93
85. Carlton Rode 94
86. Penvores 96
87. West Buckland 96
Arch. Journ., vol. xxxvii. p. 107.
88. Bryn Crûg 96
89. Andalusia 97
Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 69.
90. Burreldale Moss 98
91. Balcarry 98
92. Pettycur 99
Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 377.
93. Ireland 100
94. —” 100
95. —” 101
96. North of Ireland 101
97. Lanesborough 101
98. Trillick 102
99. Ireland 102
100. —” 102
101. —” 102
102. —” 103
103. —” 103
104. —” 103
105. Miltown 104
106. Ireland 105
107. —” 105
108. —” 105
109. Ballymena 105
CHAPTER V.
SOCKETED CELTS.
110. High Roding 109
111. Dorchester, Oxon 109
112. Wilts 110
113. Harty 110
114. —” 111
115. Dorchester, Oxon 111
116. Reach Fen 112
117. —”——” 112
118. Canterbury 114
119. Usk 114
120. Alfriston 115
121. Cambridge Fens 116
122. High Roding 116
123. Chrishall 117
124. Reach Fen 117
125. Barrington 117
126. Mynydd-y-Glas 119
127. Stogursey 120
128. Guildford 120
129. Frettenham 120
130. Ely 121
131. Caston 121
132. Carlton Rode 122
133. Fornham 122
134. Fen Ditton 123
135. Bottisham 123
136. Winwick 123
137. Kingston 124
138. Cayton Carr 124
139. Lakenheath 125
140. Thames 125
141. Kingston 125
142. —–” 126
143. Thames 127
144. Givendale 127
145. Cambridge 127
146. Blandford 127
147. Ireland (?) 128
148. Barrington 128
149. Hounslow 128
150. Wallingford 128
151. Newham 129
152. Westow 130
153. Wandsworth 130
Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 378.
154. Whittlesea 130
155. Nettleham 132
Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 160.
156. Croker Collection 132
157. Nettleham 132
Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 160.
158. Ulleskelf 132
159. Reach Fen 133
160. Carlton Rode 133
161. Arras 134
162. Bell’s Mills 135
“Catal. Ant. Mus. Ed.”
163. North Knapdale 136
164. Bell’s Mills 136
165. —”——” 136
“Catal. Ant. Mus. Ed.”
166. Leswalt 137
Ayr and Wigton Coll., vol. ii. p. 11.
167. Ireland 138
168. —” 138
169. Belfast 139
170. Ireland 139
171. —” 139
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 280.
172. Athboy 140
173. Meath 140
174. Ireland 140
175. Newtown Crommolin 141
176. North of Ireland 141
177. Ireland 141
178. —” 142
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R.I.A.,” fig. 275.
179. Kertch 142
Arch. Journ., vol. xiv. p. 91.
CHAPTER VI.
METHODS OF HAFTING CELTS.
180. Stone Axe of Montezuma II. 148
181. Aymara Stone Hatchet 148
182. Modern African Axe of Iron 149
183. Stone Axe, Robenhausen 150
184. Bronze Axe, Hallein 152
185. Raron, Brigue 154
186. Edenderry 155
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R.I.A.,” fig. 257.
187. Chiusi 156
188. Winwick 158
189. Everley 163
CHAPTER VII.
CHISELS, GOUGES, AND OTHER TOOLS.
190. Plymstock 166
Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 346.
191. Heathery Burn 166
192. Glenluce 166
192*. Carlton Rode 167
193. Wallingford 168
194. Reach Fen 168
195. Thixendale 168
196. Yattendon 169
197. Broxton 169
198. Scotland 170
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xii. p. 613.
199. Ireland 170
200. Carlton Rode 171
201. Westow 172
202. Heathery Burn Cave 172
203. Carlton Rode 173
204. Thorndon 174
205. Harty 174
206. Undley 175
207. Carlton Rode 175
208. Tay 175
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 127.
209. Ireland 176
210. Thorndon 178
211. Harty 178
212. —” 178
213. Carlton Rode 178
214. Taunton 178
215. Ireland 179
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 66.
216. Dowris 179
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 65.
217. Fresné la Mère 182
218. —”———” 182
219. Heathery Burn Cave 185
220. Harty 186
221. Reach Fen 186
222. Ebnall 186
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 66.
223. Upton Lovel 189
Archæologia, vol. xliii. p. 466.
224. Thorndon 189
225. Butterwick 189
226. Bulford 190
Archæologia, vol. xliii. p. 465.
227. Winterbourn Stoke 190
228. Wiltshire 191
Archæologia, vol. xliii. p. 467.
229. Llangwyllog 192
230. Ireland 192
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R.I.A.,” fig. 403.
CHAPTER VIII.
SICKLES.
231. Mœrigen 196
Arch. Journ., vol. xxx. p. 192.
232. Edington Burtle 197
233. —”———” 197
234. Thames 198
235. Near Bray 199
236. Near Errol, Perthshire 200
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 378.
237. Garvagh, Derry 200
238. Athlone 201
CHAPTER IX.
KNIVES, RAZORS, ETC.
239. Wicken Fen 204
240. Thorndon 205
241. Reach Fen 205
242. Heathery Burn Cave 206
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 132.
243. Kilgraston, Perthshire 206
244. Kells 207
245. Ireland 208
246. Moira 209
247. Fresné la Mère 209
248. Skye 209
Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 400.
249. Wester Ord 209
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. viii. p. 310.
250. Reach Fen 210
251. —”——” 210
252. Heathery Burn Cave 212
253. Harty 212
254. Ireland 212
255. Ballyclare 213
256. Reach Fen 213
257. Ballycastle 213
258. Ireland 213
259. Wigginton 214
260. Isle of Harty 214
261. Allhallows, Hoo 214
262. Cottle 215
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 301.
263. Reach Fen 216
264. Lady Low 216
265. Winterslow 216
266. Priddy 216
267. Balblair 217
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 476.
268. Rogart 217
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. x. p. 431.
269. Wallingford 218
270. Heathery Burn Cave 218
271. Dunbar 219
272. —” 219
273. —” 219
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. x. p. 440.
274. Ireland 219
Wilde’s “Catal. Mus. R.I.A.,” fig. 433.
275. Kinleith 220
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 87.
276. Nidau 221
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 91.
CHAPTER X.
DAGGERS AND THEIR HILTS.—RAPIER-SHAPED BLADES.
277. Roundway 223
278. Driffield 224
279. Butterwick 225
280. Helperthorpe 227
281. ——–” 227
282. Garton 228
Archæologia, vol. xliii. p. 441.
283. Wilmslow 228
284. Hammeldon Down 229
285. Reach Fen 230
286. Allhallows, Hoo 230
287. Brigmilston 231
288. Leicester 231
289. Normanton 232
290. Roke Down 233
291. Ireland 235
292. Belleek 235
Journ. R. H. and A. Assoc. of Ireland, 4th S., vol. ii. p. 196.
293. Ireland 235
294. Woodyates 236
295. Homington 237
296. Idmiston 237
297. Dow Low 239
298. Cleigh 239
Proc. Soc. Ant. Soc., vol. x. p. 84.
299. Collessie 239
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xii. p. 440.
300. Musdin 240
301. Plymstock 240
Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 346.
302. Winterbourn Stoke 240
303. Camerton 243
304. Cambridge 243
305. Magherafelt 245
Journ. R. H. and A. Assoc. of Ireland, 2nd S., vol. i. p. 286.
306. Arreton Down 245
307. Kinghorn 245
308. Colloony 246
309. Ireland 246
Wilde’s “Catal. Mus. R.I.A.” fig. 347.
310. Kilrea 247
311. Thames 247
312. Thatcham 247
313. Coveney 249
314. Thames 249
315. Chatteris 251
316. Thetford 251
317. Londonderry 251
318. Lissane 252
Wilde’s “Catal. Mus. R.I.A.,” fig. 314.
319. Galbally 253
Journ. R. H. and A. Assoc. of Ireland, 4th S., vol. ii. p. 197.
320. Tipperary 254
321. Ely 255
322. North of Ireland 255
323. Raphoe 255
CHAPTER XI.
TANGED AND SOCKETED DAGGERS, OR SPEAR-HEADS, HALBERDS AND MACES.
324. Arreton Down 258
325. Stratford le Bow 258
326. Matlock 259
327. Plymstock 259
Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 349.
328. Arreton Down 260
329. Årup 261
Montelius, “Sver. Forntid,” fig. 131.
330. China 262
331. Ireland 264
332. Cavan 266
333. Newtown Limavady 267
334. Ballygawley 267
335. Falkland 268
336. Stranraer 268
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 423.
337. Harbyrnrigge 269
338. Shropshire 269
339. Lidgate 271
Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 181.
340. Great Bedwin 271
Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 411.
341. Ireland 271
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R.I.A.,” fig. 361.
CHAPTER XII.
LEAF-SHAPED SWORDS.
342. Battersea 278
343. Barrow 279
344. Newcastle 281
345. Wetheringsett 283
346. Tiverton 284
347. Kingston 284
348. Ely 286
349. River Cherwell 286
350. Lincoln 287
Proc. Soc. Ant., vol. ii. p. 199.
351. Whittingham 288
352. Brechin 288
353. Edinburgh 290
354. Newtown Limavady 292
355. Ireland 292
356. —” 292
357. —” 292
358. Muckno 294
359. —” 294
Journ. R. H. & A. Assoc. of Ireland,
3rd S., vol. i. p. 23.
360. Muckno 295
361. Mullylagan 295
Journ. R. H. & A. Assoc. of Ireland,
4th S., vol. ii. p. 257.
362. Mullylagan 295
363. Ireland 296
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 322.
CHAPTER XIII.
SCABBARDS AND CHAPES.
364. Isleworth 302
365. Guilsfield 303
366. River Isis, near Dorchester 303
367. Ireland 303
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 335.
368. Stogursey, Somerset 304
369. Brechin 304
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. i. p. 81.
370. Pant-y-Maen 304
371. Reach Fen 305
372. Cloonmore 305
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 336.
373. Stoke Ferry 305
374. Keelogue Ford, Ireland 306
375. Mildenhall 306
376. Thames 307
377. Isle of Harty 308
CHAPTER XIV.
SPEAR-HEADS, LANCE-HEADS, ETC.
378. Thames, London 312
379. Lough Gur 312
380. —”——” 312
381. Heathery Burn Cave 312
382. Nettleham 314
Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 159.
383. Achtertyre 315
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 435.
384. North of Ireland 316
385. Newark 317
386. Reach Fen 317
387. Ireland 317
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 367.
388. North of Ireland 319
389. Ireland 319
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 368.
390. Reach Fen 319
391. Thorndon 319
392. Culham 320
393. Athenry 320
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 382.
394. Thetford 321
395. Lakenheath 323
396. Near Cambridge 323
397. North of Ireland 323
398. Ireland 324
399. Thames 324
400. Ireland 324
401. Near Ballymena 325
402. Ireland 326
403. —” 326
404. —” 326
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” figs. 385, 386, 378.
405. Elford 327
406. Isleham Fen 328
407. Stibbard 329
408. Ireland 329
409. Lakenheath Fen 329
410. Nettleham 330
Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 160.
411. Knockans 331
412. Lurgan 332
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 65.
413. Ireland 332
414. Antrim 332
415. Thames 333
416. Naworth Castle 333
417. Blakehope 334
418. Whittingham 334
419. Winmarleigh 335
420. Burwell Fen 336
421. Denhead 337
“Catal. Ant. Mus. Ed.,” p. 98.
422. Speen 337
423. Nettleham 339
Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 160.
424. Guilsfield 339
425. Glancych 341
426. Fulbourn 341
427. Hereford 341
CHAPTER XV.
SHIELDS, BUCKLERS, AND HELMETS.
428. Little Wittenham 344
Messrs. James Parker & Co.
429. Harlech 345
430. Coveney 346
431. —–” 347
432. Beith 347
433. —” 348
434. Beith 349
Ayr and Wigton Coll., vol. i. p. 66.
435. Yetholm 350
436. —–” 350
437. —–” 350
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 165.
CHAPTER XVI.
TRUMPETS AND BELLS.
438. Limerick 357
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 360.
439. Tralee 358
440. —” 359
441. —” 359
Journ. R. H. and A. Assoc. of Ireland,
4th S., vol. iii. p. 422.
442. Africa 359
443. Derrynane 360
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 529.
444. Portglenone 361
Journ. R. H. and A. Assoc. of Ireland,
4th S., vol. iii. p. 422.
445. The Caprington Horn 362
Ayr and Wigton Coll., vol. i. p. 74.
446. Dowris 364
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 523.
CHAPTER XVII.
PINS.
447. Heathery Burn Cave 365
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 130.
448. Brigmilston 366
449. Everley 366
450. Bryn Crûg 367
Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 246.
451. Taunton 367
452. Chilton Bustle 367
Arch. Journ., vol. ix. p. 106.
453. Ireland 368
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 452.
454. River Wandle 368
Arch. Journ., vol. ix. p. 8.
455. Scratchbury 369
456. Camerton 369
Both from Archæologia, vol. xliii. p. 468.
457. Ireland 370
458. —” 370
459. Cambridge 370
460. Ireland 370
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 447.
461. North of Ireland 370
462. Keelogue Ford 371
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 449.
463. Ireland 371
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.” fig. 448.
464. Edinburgh 372
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., New S., vol. i. p. 322.
465. Ireland 372
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 450.
CHAPTER XVIII.
TORQUES, BRACELETS, RINGS, EAR-RINGS, AND PERSONAL ORNAMENTS.
466. Wedmore 375
467. –—” 376
468. West Buckland 377
Arch. Journ., vol. xxxvii. p. 107.
469. Wedmore 378
470. Yarnton 379
471. Montgomeryshire 380
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 467.
472. Achtertyre 382
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 435.
473. Redhill 382
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. i. p. 138.
474. Scilly 383
475. Liss 383
476. Stoke Prior 384
Arch. Journ., vol. xx. p. 200.
477. Stobo Castle 384
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. p. 277.
478. Guernsey 385
Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iii. p. 344.
479. Cornwall 385
480. Normanton 385
Archæologia, vol. xliii. p. 469.
481. West Buckland 386
Arch. Journ., vol. xxxvii. p. 107.
482. Ham Cross 386
483. Heathery Burn Cave 386
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 131.
484. County Cavan 387
485. Cowlam 387
486. –—” 388
487. Ireland 389
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 480.
488. Woolmer Forest 390
Proc. Soc. Ant., vol. ii. p. 83.
489. Dumbarton 390
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iii. p. 24.
490. Cowlam 392
491. Goodmanham 392
Greenwell’s “British Barrows,” p. 324.
492. Orton 392
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. viii. p. 30.
CHAPTER XIX.
CLASPS, BUTTONS, BUCKLES, AND MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS.
493. Reach Fen 397
494. —”—–” 397
495. Broadward 397
Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. iii. p. 354.
496. Trillick 398
Journ. R. H. and A. Assoc. of Ireland,
3rd S., vol. i. p. 164.
497. Ireland 399
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 494.
498. Cowlam 400
499. Reach Fen 400
500. Edinburgh 401
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., New S., vol. i. p. 322.
501. Heathery Burn Cave 402
502. ——”———–” 402
Both from Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 236.
503. Harty 403
504. Dreuil, Amiens 404
505. Abergele 404
506. —–” 404
507. —–” 404
508. Dreuil, Amiens 405
CHAPTER XX.
VESSELS, CALDRONS, ETC.
509. Golden Cup, Rillaton 408
Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 189.
510. Kincardine Moss 410
Wilson, “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 409.
511. Ireland 411
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 407.
512. Ireland 412
Wilde, “Catal. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 409.
513. Capecastle Bog 413
CHAPTER XXI.
METAL, MOULDS, AND THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.
514. Falmouth 426
Arch. Journ., vol. xvi. p. 39.
515. Ballymena 429
516. Ireland 431
517. —–” 431
518. Ballymoney 433
519. Broughshane 433
520. Knighton 434
521. ——” 434
522. Maghera, Co. Derry 435
523. Lough Gur 436
Arch. Journ., vol. xx. p. 170.
524. Campbelton 437
525. ——” 437
526. ——” 437
Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 48.
527. Hotham Carr 439
528. Wiltshire 440
529. —–” 440
Proc. Soc. Ant., vol. iii. p. 158.
530. Harty 441
531. —” 442
532. —” 446
533. Heathery Burn Cave 448
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 132.
534. Stogursey 450
535. ——” 450
536. ——” 450
537. Heathery Burn Cave 451
Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 132.
538. Kirby Moorside 452
539. Hove 452
Sussex Arch. Coll., vol. ix. p. 120.
540. Harty 453