Plate I. IMPLEMENTS FROM THE RIVER-DRIFT.
Scale six inches to the foot or half linear measure.
Plate II. IMPLEMENTS FROM THE RIVER-DRIFT.
Scale six inches to the foot or half linear measure.
-
GENERAL INDEX.
- A
- Abbeville, hand-mill at, 258
- Abbott, Mr. J. W. Lewis, on minute flint tools, 325
- Aberdeenshire, flint workshops in, 22
- Abnormal peculiarities in celts, 130
- Abrasion of flints
- Abydos, Egyptian arrow-heads from, 393, 395
- Achilles, spear of, 4
- Adams, Dr. Leith, Guernsey arrow-head factory traced by, 401
- Adder-stones, 437
- Adhémar, M., as to date of Glacial Period, 705
- Admixture of objects of different periods, 210, 475, 479, 487, 492
- Adzes,
- in Burma and Assam, 59;
- of Clalam Indians, 165;
- of New Guinea, 162;
- Polynesian, of basalt, 69;
- bronze, 4;
- with carved handle, 166, 167;
- celts adapted for use as, 94, 122, 124, 135;
- of chalcedonic flint, 138;
- hafting of, 164, 165;
- for hollowing canoes, 165, 166;
- of horn, carved, 435;
- of mussel-shell, 182;
- perforated, 188–192;
- uses of, 215
- Ælfric’s Glossary on Stan-æx, 145
- Æneid, mention of bronze arms in, 4
- Africa,
- Agate,
- Agatharchides on Egyptian chisels, 6
- Ages, Stone, Bronze, and Iron, succession of, 2
- Agricola, Georgius, on Brontia and Ceraunia, 64
- Agriculture, possible use of stone implements in, 71, 205, 645
- Ahts of North America,
- Aithadh, or elf-shot, 365
- Akerman, Mr., on Lapp burials of needed objects, 283
- Alaska, stone hammer from, 25
- Albania, gun-flint making in, 21
- Albite, chloritic, celts of, 109
- Aldrovandus,
- Aleppo, threshing instrument from, 284
- Aleutian Islanders, thong-drill used by, 48
- Alexius Comnenus, celt presented by, to German Emperor, 59
- Alger, Mr., on level of Waveney Valley, 683
- Algeria, flakes from, 287
- Algonquins, form of club used by, 424
- Allée couverte of Argenteuil,
- Alluvium, beds of, between stalagmitic layers in caverns, 479
- Almond-shaped implements, 647
- Alteration in structure of flint, 487, 497, 513, 556, 596, 659, 660
- Alum, its wood-preserving power, 152
- “Amazon axe,” 184
- Amber,
- America, doubtful evidence of palæolithic remains in, 654
- Ammonites in barrow, 467;
- their use as “cramp-stones,” 470
- Amulets,
- Anchorites, Dr. Grew’s description of, 364
- “Ancient Meols,” Hume’s, referred to, 439
- Anderson, Dr. J.,
- Andrée, Richard, on beliefs concerning stone weapons, 60
- Angelucci, Capt., stone arrow-head factory discovered by, 402
- Anglesea, querns in, 259
- Anglo-Saxon burial ground, flint and steel in, 283
- Animals,
- Antiquity
- Antlers of deer,
- Anvils, stone,
- Apaches of Mexico,
- Arabs, arrow-head charms among, 367
- Archer, Mr. F., neolithic flakes fitted on to core by, 20
- Arctic fauna,
- Ariantes, his method of numbering the people, 368
- Armlet
- Arrow-flakers, 37, 416
- Arrow-flaking,
- Arrows and arrow-heads,
- African and Asiatic, 405;
- American, 406, 407;
- Arab, 367;
- of the Bushmen, 370;
- Californian, 39, 40;
- Danish, 35, 306;
- Egyptian, 368, 369, 395;
- Eskimo, 25, 37;
- French, 395, 400–402;
- Gelderland, 403;
- German, 403;
- Greek, 368;
- Indian, 405;
- Irish, 365, 370, 399, 400;
- Italian, 359, 402;
- Japanese, 405;
- from Lake-dwellings, 402;
- Lycian, 410;
- Mexican, 39;
- Patagonian, 400;
- Persian, 394, 396;
- Peruvian, 407;
- Russian, 404;
- Scottish, 386;
- Scandinavian, 353, 404;
- Spanish, 403;
- Swiss, 409;
- Virginian, 37;
- barbed, 380–390;
- bone, 210, 361;
- bronze, scarce in England, 368;
- chisel-ended, 409;
- crescent-shaped, 396;
- detachable from shaft, 370;
- double-pointed, 386;
- featherless, 410;
- iron-tipped, 394, 396;
- leaf-shaped, 373–378, 484;
- lozenge-shaped, 378, 484;
- manufactories of, 268, 280, 359, 401, 402;
- methods of shafting, 408, 410;
- modern use of, for fire-producing, 397;
- in necklaces, 10, 300;
- notched, 372, 396, 406;
- poisoned, 361, 370;
- single-barbed, 385, 393, 306;
- stemmed, 370;
- successive developments of, 369;
- superstitions concerning, 362–367;
- triangular, 390;
- in human vertebræ, 375, 396, 400
- Arrow-shafts,
- Art, works of, in caves, 484, 523, 657
- Arundelian marbles as to date of discovery of iron, 4
- “Asbestos,” ligniformed, whetstone of, 352
- Ash,
- Ashes of bone in hyæna den, 518
- Asia, beliefs in, concerning celts, 59
- Asphalte, use of, in mounting Swiss celts, 163
- Assagais, Kaffir mode of shafting, 410
- Assiut, figures from tomb at, 369
- Astropelekia, 59
- Atkins, Mr. E. Martin, abraded pyrites found by, 318
- Atkinson, Rev. J. C, barrows examined by, 211
- Attrition of teeth by gritty food, 253
- Atys, stone knife used by, 9
- Augustus, bronze arms as antiquities in time of, 4
- Australians,
- Authenticity of palæolithic implements, 658, 659
- Awls,
- Axes, 32, 63, 149;
- Axes,
- perforated, Brazilian, 157;
- in Brittany, 212;
- Danish, 32, 186, 205;
- French, 186;
- German, 145, 186, 191;
- Greek, 205;
- Kjökken-mödding, 69;
- Lake-dwellings, 158;
- Mexican, 191;
- Scandinavian, 187, 215;
- of basalt, 186;
- boring of, 46–52;
- with carved handles, 167;
- classification of, 184;
- contemporaneous with bronze, 193, &c.;
- cutting at one end, 192, &c.;
- double-edged, 184–192;
- fluted, 203, 211;
- grooved, 168, 169;
- hafting of, 151–171;
- hollowed on sides, 209;
- in interments, 83, 163, &c.;
- large and heavy, 198, 199;
- little used by modern savages, 215;
- lozenge-shaped, 213;
- ornamented, 196, 209, 211;
- pointed at one end, 188;
- single-edged, 184, 192–196;
- superstitions concerning, 62, 63, 65, 145, 146;
- of ulna of whale, 435
- Axe-hammers, 168, 200–205
- Aymara Indians, hatchet-hafting among, 169, 239
- Ayre, Col., R.A., 78
- Aztecs,
- B
- Babington, Prof. C. C., on flint hammer from Burwell, 538
- Bætuli, virtues of, 65
- Bahia, stone club from, 251
- Baines, Mr., on Australian stone-working, 26
- Balanus, presence of, in Stour Valley, 621
- Ball of Towie, 421
- Balls,
- Ballast for railways, implements found in, 573, 578, 632, 633, 639
- Barbers, Mexican, their obsidian razors, 290
- Barbs of arrows, various forms of, 380, &c.
- Bark, Australian hammers hafted with, 167, 168
- Barlow, Mr. F. Pratt, pointed drift implement found by, 619
- Barnwell, Rev. E. L., on Welsh hammer-head, 226
- Barrows,
- bronze and flint found together in, 397, &c.;
- chambered, bone chisel in, 433;
- cups of shale in, 445;
- fossils in, 466, 467, 469;
- gold cup in, with bronze dagger, 449;
- jet ornaments in, 265, 454, &c.;
- long, leaf-shaped arrow-heads in, 377;
- necklaces in, 456–463;
- pebbles in, 443;
- pyrites and flint in, 265, 467;
- spindle whorl of clay in, 439;
- stag’s horn hammer in, 434
- Barry, Mr. F. Tress, 227
- Barter,
- Bartlett’s “History of Manceter” referred to, 187
- Basalt,
- Basaltic rock, African flakes of, 288
- Bastard gouges, 180–182
- Bast-fibre,
- Bate, Mr. Spence, 266, 279
- Bateman, Mr., on pebbles in interments, 467
- “Bâtons de commandement,” in La Madeleine caves, 484
- Bats, stone, possibly used for preparing hemp, 257
- “Batting-staff,” 256
- Battle axes, 195, 197, 207;
- with amber cup in coffin, 449
- “Battling-stones,” 257
- Baudot, M., on flakes in interments, 283
- Bauerman, Mr., on stone hammers in Egyptian mine, 581
- Baye, Baron Joseph de, 160
- Beads,
- Bear,
- Beauty, materials chosen on account of, 224, 227, 406, 466
- Beckmann quoted as to date of flint-locks, 17
- Bed-stone and rolling pin, 250
- Bees-wax and mastic, axes mounted with, 170
- Beetles, elytra of, in brick-earth, 536
- Beger, “celtes” first named by, 55
- Belcher, Sir Edward, on
- Bell, Mr. A. M., discoveries of implements by, 593, 610
- Bellilah, Australian mode of pounding, 245
- Belt, the late Mr. Thomas, on Hoxne deposits, 576
- , interpretation of, 5
- Bennett, Mr. F. G., implements found by, 536, 627
- Bernays, Mr. E. A., palæolithic implement found by, 611
- Bicarbonate of lime, proportion of, in chalk-streams, 675
- “Bill,” meaning of, 146
- Bipennis, 146
- Birds, remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631
- Bison, caves of the age of the, 481
- Bitumen,
- “Black balls,” present use of, in ballots, 468
- “Black-boy gum,” flints mounted in, 277
- Blackmore, Dr. Humphrey P., drift implements found by, 627, 628, 635
- Blacksmiths, modern, their mode of hafting chisels, 168, 233
- Blades of flint,
- Blanford, Mr. W. T., Indian drift implements found by, 651
- Blunting of battle-axes, 196, 207
- Boars’ teeth in interments, 83, 148, 328, 427
- Bodkin of wood in urn, 433
- Bodmann, flint manufactory at, 22
- Bohemian stone axes, 51
- Bolas, present mode of using, 422
- “Bolthead, the flat,” 364
- Bonardo on flint arrow-heads, 364
- Bone,
- arrow-heads of, 21, 361, 402;
- awl, 523;
- beads, 211, 432, 456;
- blade of, flint flakes inserted in, 277, 294;
- chisels, 177;
- harpoons of, 277, 394;
- instruments in interments, 313, 314, 431, &c.;
- needles, 321, 433, 523;
- objects of, in caves, 484, 488, 492, 523, &c.;
- late Roman, 144;
- pins, 34, 40, 83, 186, 431, 432;
- plate of, perforated, 428;
- rounded piece of, 34;
- single-barbed arrow-head of, 409;
- tools of, Eskimo, 410;
- tube, 268;
- used in arrow-chipping, 39, &c.;
- wedge for working obsidian, 24
- Bones,
- Borers or awls, 321–325
- Boring of stone,
- Bos primigenius,
- Botocudo Indians,
- Boulder, cup formed from, 450
- Boulder Clay,
- Boulders,
- Bourgeois, Abbé, on human works in Pliocene times, 658
- “Bournes,” causes of intermittence of, 664
- Bow, use of, not general among savages, 360
- Bows and arrows,
- Bowen, Mr., as to African “thunderbolts,” 60
- Box, stone, containing red pigment, 264
- Bracelets (see Armlets)
- Bracers, 425–435, 456
- Bracken, use of, as food, 250
- Brandon, manufacture of gun-flints at, 14, 17
- Brazilian stone axe, 157
- Breach through the chalk range near Bournemouth, 695
- Breccia,
- Brent, Mr. John, implements found by, at Reculver, 613–620
- Briar-wood shaft, arrow-head found with, 408
- Brick-earth,
- Bright spots on drift implements, 565, 659
- Briquets
- Brittany,
- Brixham Cave,
- Broch of Lingrow, 416, 440
- Brochs,
- Bronze Period
- Bronze,
- armlets of, 459;
- arms, mention of by Homer, 4;
- arrow-heads, 368;
- awls, 84;
- bucket, 451;
- celts, 213, 268, 453;
- celts mounted in stag’s horn, 428;
- chisels, 6;
- dagger with ox-horn hilt, 265;
- daggers, 185, 193, 194, 208, 227, 398, 427, &c.;
- ear-rings, 207;
- Egyptian hatchets, 169;
- finger-ring, 398;
- “hammer-stone,” 246;
- implement found at Ploucour, 340;
- knife in interment, 195;
- knife, socketed, in Kent’s Cavern, 492;
- mining instruments, 6, 233;
- moulds for celts, 269;
- needle, central-eyed, 433;
- palstaves, 163;
- pins, 267, 269;
- tube, 49;
- tweezers, 433;
- use of, in Britain, 147;
- use of, contemporaneous with that of stone, 84, 143, 211, 331, &c.
- Brooch
- Brooke, Mr. J. W., his implements from Fordingbridge, 633
- Brown, Mr. J. Allen,
- Browne, Sir Thomas, on slickstones, 441
- Brun, M. V., his explorations at Bruniquel, 296
- Brunswick, first use of flint-locks by soldiers of, 17
- Buckland, the late Mr. Frank, 291
- Buckman, Prof. J., manufactory of celts recorded by, 35
- Buschan, Dr. G., on prehistoric spinning, 437
- Buick, Dr., on Irish arrow-heads, 365, 370
- “Bulb of percussion,” 274
- Bunyard, Mr. G., drift implements found by, 618
- Burma and Assam, stone adzes in, 59
- Burnishers of stone, 103, 139, 442
- Burton, Dr. J. Hill, on elf-bolts, 366
- Bushmen,
- Bustards, flint arrow-heads abraded by gizzards of, 396
- Butt end of celt,
- Buttons,
- C
- Cæsar, Julius, Gaulish use of iron in time of, 10
- “Caillouteur,” daily production of gun-flints by, 21
- Cairns, stones thrown on, 282
- Calc-spar, sling-stones of, 418
- Calcareous nodule,
- Caledonians, their early use of iron, 11
- Calendering effected by slick-stones, 441
- Calendrine, in Cotgrave’s Dictionary, 441
- Californians,
- Calmucks, use of military flail among the, 423
- Calvert, Mr. F., implements found by, near the Dardanelles, 652
- Cambodia, superstitions as to celts in, 60
- Camenz, bronze tube found at, 49
- Cane, possible use of, in stone-drilling, 50
- Canoes,
- Cantabria, imperial omen in, 65
- Carbonic acid, its solvent power on chalk, 477, 675, &c.
- Caribbean character of certain implements, 129, 130, 168, 169
- Caribs,
- Carreg-y-Saelhau, or stone of the arrows, 262
- Cartailhac, M., his sections of San Isidro valley, 529
- Carved representation of celt in dolmen, 153
- Carvings in caves, 484, 523
- Cassava bread, stone slabs for cooking, 440
- Catlin, Mr., on American flaking-tools, 24
- Cattle,
- Cave-bear, age of the, 481
- Cave-deposits, rarity of large implements in, 641
- Cave-dwellers, their mode of living, 657
- “Cave-earth,” 479, 492
- Cave-implements, 473, &c.
- Cave-remains prior to Neolithic times, 482
- Caves,
- alternate tenancy of, by man and beasts, 479;
- chronological sequence of contents of, 475, 481–485;
- deposits of, compared with river gravels, 474;
- early use of for habitations, 126;
- formation of, 477, 480;
- ossiferous, 474, 476;
- sepulchral, 126;
- stalagmite of, 479
- French, arrow-heads in, 396;
- bone and horn objects in, 177, 321;
- character of implements of, 53;
- flint flakes in, 292;
- hammer-stones, 248;
- quartzite flakes, 281, 292;
- serrated flakes, 296
- Gibraltar, bone objects in, 177, 433;
- long flake in, 287;
- saddle-quern in, 252;
- sandstone plate in, 428;
- stone chisel-gouge in, 182
- Happaway, 517
- Long Hole, Gower, and other Welsh Caves, 521
- of Palestine, early sepulture in, 9
- Tor Bryan, 516
- Cavities in gravel, how formed, 556, 557, 561
- Celte, occurrence of, in Vulgate, 55
- Celts,
- chipped or rough hewn, 67–86;
- chisel-edged, with curvature of face, 67, 68, 73;
- with equal faces, 75;
- long and narrow, 81;
- tanged, 83;
- wedge-shaped, 82;
- small, made from fragments of larger, 87, 97;
- of stones other than flint, 84
- polished, with abnormal peculiarities, 130;
- accompanying interments, passim;
- approximate date of, 147;
- broken, conversion of, into other implements, 242, 248, 339;
- bronze, from barrows, 213, 268, 309;
- chisel-like, 103, 120, 121;
- classification of, 98;
- with cutting-edge blunted, 138;
- with flattened sides, 110–119;
- found in canoe, 150;
- grooved or notched, 136;
- mode of hafting, 151;
- oblique-edged, 113, 124;
- oval in section, 122, 129;
- perforated, 142;
- range of, in time, 147, 150;
- recent use of, by Irish weavers, 440;
- rectangular in section, 119–122;
- sharpened at both ends, 118;
- stag’s-horn sockets for, 163;
- for use in hand, 133, 136, 171;
- various uses of, 171, 172
- Cembro pine, Siberian stones for crushing nuts of, 245
- Cements
- Cemetery, Frankish, of Samson, 397
- Cerauniæ,
- Cereals, absence of, among cave-dwellers, 657
- Ceremonial stone-adze, 167
- Chafing-dish of stone, 445
- Chalcedonic flint,
- Chalcedony,
- Chaldæans, their reverence for the hatchet, 62
- Chalk,
- Chamacocos, socketed axes among the, 157
- Champignolles, pit for extraction of flint at, 35
- Changes,
- Chantre, M., 133;
- Charms,
- Charruas, the, lenticular sling-stones used by, 418
- Charters-White, Mr., on the attrition of teeth by grit, 253
- Chert,
- Chester, the late Rev. Greville J., barrow examined by, 463
- Chieftainship, decorative weapons a mark of, 226
- Children, quartz pebbles in interments of, 467
- Chinese, use of military flail among the, 423
- Chipping flints, relation of, to grinding, 85, 86, 290
- Chisels,
- Chlorite,
- Chloritic albite,
- Chronology
- Cidares, fossil, in interments, 469
- Cilix, myth of, 313
- Circles, concentric, on stones, 463
- Circular habitation, stone cup in, 450
- Circumcision, use of stone knives in, 9
- Cissbury,
- Cists in barrows, objects found in, 248, 330, 453–456, &c.
- Civilization
- Clach-nathrach, 437
- Clalam Indians, 105, 166
- Clan Chattons, stone charm in the possession of the, 469
- Claudian,
- Clavigero
- Clay,
- Climate, zoological evidences as to change of, 584, 699
- Clinch, Mr. G., 248;
- ovate implement found by, 604
- Clod-crusher of stone, 239
- Cloth, Irish, celt used for giving gloss to, 440
- Cloud River Indians, use of bone punch by, 25
- Clouston, Mr., drift implements found by, 597
- Club, so-called, of hone slate, 118
- “Coal money,” 447, 448;
- traces of lathe on, 465
- “Coast finds,” so-called sling-stones in, 419
- Coast line, variations in, 617, 695
- Cochet, Abbé, on flints in Merovingian interments, 314
- Cocks, metallic, pole lathe still used for making, 447, note
- Codrington, Mr. T.,
- Coffin
- Coin de foudre, 57
- Collections
- of Aymard, M., of Le Puy, 114, 202, 402;
- Banks, late Rev. S., 103, &c.;
- Beloe, Mr. E. M., 142;
- Borgia, 62;
- Bourgeois, Abbé, 322;
- Braybrooke, the late Lord, 144, 173;
- Brent, the late Mr. J., 102, 613, 618, &c.;
- Brooke, Mr., of Marlborough, 18, 107, 227, &c.;
- Chaplain Duparc, 43;
- Christy, passim;
- Cursiter, Mr., of Kirkwall, 124, 171, 190, 221, 224, 252;
- Clément, Dr., 161;
- Courvale, M. de, 161;
- Duke, the late Rev. E., 267;
- Durden (in Brit. Mus.), 69, 93, 125, 126, 174, 176, 230;
- Evans, passim;
- Finlay, late Dr., of Athens, 114, 205;
- Flower, the late J. W., 74, 93, 107, 125, 175, 247–255, 291, 295, 309;
- Foresi, 367;
- Greenwell, passim;
- Jewitt, the late Mr. Llewellynn, 198, 202, 352;
- Klemm, 49, 157, 163, 165, 252, 294;
- Litchfield, Mr., 326;
- Lucas, the late Mr. J. F., 96, 107, 136, 343, 352, 463;
- Meyrick, 195, 351, 423, 575, &c.;
- Monkman, the late Mr. C., 92, 121, 122, 188, 191, 319, 333, 334, 342;
- Mortimer, Messrs., of Driffield, passim;
- Neuberg, Baron de, 51;
- Perthes, Boucher de, 226, 327;
- Poley, the late Rev. W. Weller, 341;
- Ransom, Mr. W., 196;
- Reboux, M., 187;
- Rivers, General Pitt, 88, 140, 144, 155, 231, 247, 277, 278, 279, 309, 332, 334;
- Sturge, Dr. Allen, see Greenwell;
- Warren, the late Mr. Joseph, of Ixworth, 88, 110, 113, 192, 229, 539
- Comb-like instruments in Kent’s Cavern, 489, 492
- Commerce in amber, 449
- Commodus, the Emperor, his skill in archery, 396
- Cone of percussion, 273, 274
- Congarees, stone implements of the, 241
- Continent, British connection with, in Drift Period, 698
- Contracted position in interments, 149
- Conyers, Mr., “British weapon” found by, 581, 582
- Cooking vessels of steatite, 451
- Copeland, Colonel A. J., 173;
- pointed drift implement obtained by, 613
- Copiapo, human vertebra, with arrow-head embedded, found near, 406
- Copper,
- Copper mines,
- Corbicula fluminalis,
- Cores or nuclei, 20, 23, 276;
- Corisco, Portuguese name for stone axe, 59
- Corn-crushers
- Coscinopora globularis, possible use of, as beads, 657
- Cotton, Mr., his gift of flint arrow-heads to Dr. Plot, 362
- “Cramp-stones,” ammonites used as, 470
- Crannog,
- Craveri, Signor, on Mexican arrow-making, 39
- Crawshay, Mr. de B., palæolithic implements found by, 605, 608
- Crayford beds, Arctic fauna of, 607
- Crescent-like implements, 559, 571
- Crinkling of flint dagger-handles, 359
- Croll, Mr., as to date of Arctic Period, 705
- Cross-bow, use of by Romans, 411
- Cross-chipping,
- Crystal,
- Culter lapideus, 289
- Cuming, Mr. Syer,
- Cuneus fulminis, 63
- Cunnington, Mr. W.,
- Cup-shaped
- Cups
- “Curing-stones,” 469
- Currier’s tool, perforated stone used as, 442
- Carved edge
- Cushing, Mr., arrow-head made by, 39
- Custom House rates, “slick-stones” in table of, 441
- Cutting powers of flint, 289
- Cutting tools of slaty stone, 344;
- D
- Dacotahs, pump-drill used by, 48
- D’Acy, M. E., on implements of the French caves, 511
- Daggers,
- bronze, in interments, 185, 193, 194, 208, 211, 212, 214, 268, 269, 331, 398, 448;
- with gold on handle, 227;
- fluted, 331
- flint, in interments, 208, 313, 353, &c.;
- for holding in hand, 348;
- leaf-shaped, 352;
- leaf-shaped, unknown in Ireland, 353;
- notched, 353;
- square-handled, 353;
- Egyptian and Danish, with crinkled handles, 359;
- handles of, used for re-chipping, 414
- bone, 431
- Dagger-knives,
- Damour, M. A., on materials of celts, 66
- Dana on the malleability of meteoric iron, 5
- Danish flint daggers,
- Darbishire, Mr. R. D., finds of celts, 84, 152, 236
- Darwin, Mr. W. E., 624
- Daubrée and Roulin, M.M., on Mexican razors, 290
- David, possible nature of his sling, 417
- Dawkins, Prof. Boyd,
- on flints upon Roman sites, 283;
- on the fauna of British caves, 485;
- on human skull in Cheddar cave, 486;
- on condition of bones from cave-earth, 508;
- on Brixham cave, 512;
- on Welsh caves, 521;
- on Crayford beds, 607;
- ovate implement found by, 611;
- on possible glaciation of N. Britain in Mammoth period, 697;
- on the extinction of some Post-Glacial animals, 704
- Dawson, Mr. W. C., on a supposed hafted celt, 153
- Débâcle, results of, on the Rhine, 672
- De Bonstetten, 287, 470
- Decorations, personal, 452–472
- Deer, representations of on stag’s horn adze, 434, 435
- Deer’s horn, see Stag’s horn.
- Deluge, stone implements taken as evidence of, 526
- Dendritic-markings
- Denmark,
- Denudation,
- Deposits,
- Depressions for holding, worked in cutting tool, 344
- Desor, Professor,
- Detritus, amount of, brought down by rivers, 667, 705
- Deventer, modern use of stone axe at, 157
- Devonian limestone, caverns in, 491, 512
- Dickinson, the late Mrs.,
- Diodorus Siculus
- Diorite,
- Discs,
- Discoidal implements possibly used as missiles, 648
- Discoloration of flints, evidence afforded by, 659, 660, 661
- Dish with lid, 451
- Dishes,
- Distaff and spindle, recent use of, 436, 437
- Divining, grooved stone used in, 470
- Dog,
- Dolmens of Brittany,
- Dolomieu,
- Dolomitic conglomerate, cave in, 517
- Domestic use, instruments for, 436, 599
- Donderbeitels and Donnerstein, 58, 63
- Dordogne caves,
- Doughty, Mr. Charles M., his finds at Hoxne, 376
- Douglas, Mr., suggestion as to celt in interment, 145
- Downes, Mr. W., chert implement found by, 639
- Drainage area of ancient Solent River, 691, 692
- Drift-stages of the Darent Valley, 690
- Drill,
- Drilling
- “Drinking cups.” See Cups.
- “Druidical circle,” 149;
- objects found in, 197
- Druten-stein, as charm against witches, 469
- Dubois, Dr., his Pithecanthropus, 703
- Dugdale, Sir William, on stone celts, 3
- “Dug-out” canoes hollowed by stag’s horn chisels, 434
- Dunn, Mr. E. J., African drift-implement found by, 653
- Dupont, Dr. E.,
- D’Urban, the late Mr. W. S. M., on the ballast pit at Broom, 639
- E
- Ear-rings, bronze, in interment, 207
- Earthenware,
- East Anglia, relations of palæolithic deposits in, 577
- Eben, double meaning of, 443
- Echini, fossil, in interments, 468, 469
- Edkins, Mr. Joseph, on stone hatchets in China, 114
- Eggs of wild goose, portions of in Fisherton beds, 631
- Egypt,
- Egyptian arrows,
- chisel-shaped, 368, 395, 409;
- blades, leaf-shaped, 8, 354;
- flint flakes, 287;
- knives, leaf-shaped, 8;
- knives of polished stone, 6, 348;
- knives, ripple-marked, 359;
- mode of mounting adzes and hatchets, 167, 169;
- notched hammer, 169;
- sickle, mounting of flakes in, 297, 358;
- soldiers, carved wooden, 360;
- wrist-guards, 430
- Elagabalus, the Syrian god, 10
- Elephant-bed at Brighton, 622
- Elf-arrows, 302–366;
- Elissa, bronze sickle of, 5
- Embalming, use of stone implement in, 8
- Emery-powder, alleged use of in drilling meres, 52
- Encampments, ancient, presence of flakes in, 280, 281
- Engelhardt, M. C., his method of preserving wood, 152
- Engelhardt, M., on the formation of ground-ice, 671
- Engravings on bone by cave-dwellers, 484, 523, 657
- Enniskillen, late Earl of, on Irish gun-flints, 397
- “Eolithic,” use of term deprecated, 702
- Erosion of valleys, 665–671;
- chronological data from, 707
- Eskimos,
- their arrow-flakers, 25, 37, 412, 414;
- ball-weapon, 219;
- bone harpoons, 394, 505;
- bone tool for straightening arrow-shafts, 410;
- flail stone, 219;
- “flensing knife,” 292;
- hammer of jade or nephrite, 25;
- iron knife of, 293;
- meteoric iron used by, 5;
- mode of hafting knives, 347;
- pyrites, their use of for producing fire, 15, 317;
- steatite cooking vessel, 451;
- stone scrapers, 39, 208, 299, 344;
- stone scrapers used as planes, 299;
- weighted throw-strings, 422;
- whetstones for bone implements, 268;
- wrist-guard, 430
- Etruscan necklaces,
- Euphotide or Gabbro, hatchet chipped of, 36
- Europe, early use of the bow in, 360
- Evans, Mr. Arthur John,
- Evolution of arrow-heads, 369
- Experiments
- External flakes defined, 641
- F
- Fabricators and flaking-tools, 412–416;
- Faces of celts, definition of, 66
- Fairy darts,
- Falconer, the late Dr. Hugh,
- Fauna,
- climatal changes shown by, 486, 584, 631, 689;
- mammalian, altered by man, 482;
- Brixham, 513;
- of the caves, 479, 483–486;
- Creswell, 524;
- French, 510;
- Happaway, 517;
- Kent’s Cavern, 507, 508;
- Long Hole, Gower, 520;
- Palæolithic and Neolithic compared, 485;
- Tor Bryan, 517;
- Welsh, 521;
- Wookey hyæna den, 519;
- of the River drift near Aylesford, 611;
- Bury St. Edmunds, 542, 543;
- changes of, between Drift and Surface Periods, 704;
- Fisherton beds, 631;
- French, 528;
- Hitchin brick-earth, 537;
- Lark valley, 543, 550;
- Little Ouse valley, 551, 556, 561, 569;
- northern character of in high level gravels, 699;
- Ouse gravels, 533–538;
- Spanish, 529;
- Thames valley, 586, 591;
- molluscan, at Bury St. Edmunds, 540;
- of Cam, 539;
- characteristic of brackish water, in Stour valley, 621;
- of Fisherton beds, 631;
- of Hitchin brick-earth, 536;
- at Hoxne, 575;
- of Little Ouse valley, 551;
- marine, in Fen gravels, 681;
- of Milford Hill, 632;
- of Ouse gravel, 531–3;
- at Stutton, 578;
- in Thames valley, 584, 585
- Feathering of arrow-shafts, 410
- Felsite,
- Felstone,
- Fenni, use of bone arrow-heads among the, 361
- Fens, denudation of the, 680, 681
- Fergusson, Mr. James,
- Fern roots used as food by the Ahts, 250
- Fibrolite,
- Fibula, pins and skewers made from the, 431
- Fibula, Roman, found with celt in Saxon grave, 144
- “Finger flints,” 416;
- -ring, spiral, of bronze, 398
- Fire-arms, flints used for, 17
- “Fire-drill,” widespread use of, 48
- Fire,
- Fish, scales of, in river drift, 540, 541
- Fisher, Rev. Osmond, 538;
- on successive Palæolithic Periods, 568
- Fishing, mode of twisting lines for, 437
- Fishing-hooks of combined flint and bone, 294
- Fishing Indians, use of sink-stones by, 236
- Flail, military, its nature, 423
- “Flail-stones,” 218, 230;
- possibly whetstones, 269
- Flakes,
- bevel-edged, 546, 559;
- as borers, 321;
- broad, 701;
- circular, 341;
- in caves, 492, &c.;
- classification of Neolithic, 275;
- of Palæolithic, 641;
- effects of different uses on, 289;
- external, 275, 641;
- as fish-hooks, 294;
- flat, 276, 642;
- hafted, 228, 229, 292, 293, 327;
- in interments, 279, &c.;
- leaf-shaped, 326, &c.;
- long, 28, 35, 641, 642;
- manufacture, &c., of, 22, 35, 83, 606;
- manufacture of for gun-flints, 19, 20;
- minute, 325;
- modes of fracture of, 272;
- notched by use, 642;
- on Palæolithic floor, 586, 598, 606;
- polygonal, 276, 642, 643;
- rarely ground at edge, 290;
- relation of cores to, 20, 31, 272;
- replacement of, on cores, by Mr. Archer, 20;
- by Mr. W. Smith, 20, 586, 598, 599;
- by Mr. Spurrell, 20, 606;
- ridged, 275, 641;
- in River Gravels, 536, 546, 555, 586, &c.;
- on Roman sites, 283;
- row of, mounted as knives, &c., 293;
- row of, as armature of sickles, 297;
- sawing by means of, 45;
- as scrapers, 298, 312;
- serrated, 294–297;
- side scrapers, 548, 643;
- square-ended, 597;
- of Surface Period compared with Palæolithic, 642;
- Swiss, mounted, 292;
- tools employed for making, 24, 25;
- triangular, 340, 343;
- trimmed, 326, &c., 642;
- wide range of, 283, 288
- Flaking tools, 24, 412;
- Flax,
- “Flensing-knife,”
- “Flint Chips” referred to, 234
- Flint Jack, arrow-heads made by, 42, 659
- Flint-knapping, 17–22
- Flint,
- alteration in structure of, 494, 489, 497, 498;
- ancient workshops of, 22, 606;
- as article of barter, 35, 80;
- brittle condition of, 558;
- cutting powers of, 281, 282;
- difficulty of perforating, 223, 224;
- durability of, 655;
- experiments in shaping, 30, 41;
- flakes and cores of, 20, 31, 272, 279;
- grinding of, 43;
- hardened by exposure, 18, 32, 33;
- importation of, 281;
- minute tools of, 325;
- modern ceremonial use of, 9;
- necessity of, in savage life, 282;
- ochreous, 536, 553, 597, 602;
- pits for extraction of, 33, 35, 78, 79;
- prismatic splitting of, 88;
- processes for grinding, 43;
- result of abundance of, in chalk districts, 677;
- scarcity of in Northern Britain, 580;
- softening of in red brick-earth, 596;
- and steel, early use of, 16, 271, 282;
- and steel, meaning of, in interments, 283;
- tools for working, 41;
- use of, with pyrites, 16, 313, 319;
- whitening of, 494, 498, 499, 545, 549, 596, 611, 619;
- whitening, cause of, 497;
- worn by use, 311, 312, 414, 416
- Flints,
- Flood deposits,
- Floods,
- “Floor-stone,” gun flints made from, 33
- Flora,
- Flower, the late Mr. J. W.,
- Fluting
- Fluviatile origin of implementiferous beds, 688
- Folklore Society referred to as to fairy darts, 365
- “Food-vessels” in interments, 224, 462
- Fooks, Mr. C. C. S., implement found by, 606
- Forbes, the late Mr. David, Bolivian implements described by, 169, 232, 239
- Forel, Dr. F. A., his experiment in stone-working, 36
- “Forest Bed,” Norfolk, supposed worked flints from, 572
- Forest, submerged, at Bournemouth, 695
- Forgeries
- “Fort,” cup found in, 444
- Fossils,
- Foster, Dr. C. Le Neve, drift implement found by, 610
- Fox, Rev. W., as to origin of Solent Sea, 690
- Fracture of flint, natural and artificial compared, 273
- Fragments of implements, use of, 223, 242, 339
- Frankish Cemeteries, objects found in, 283, 307
- Frankland, Prof., on climatal conditions of glacier formation, 698
- Franks, Sir A. Wollaston,
- French, Mr. J., drift implements found by, 578
- Frere, Mr. John, his discoveries at Hoxne, 573, 576
- Friction, polish of stone saw by, 295
- Frost, disintegrating effect of, 672
- Fuegians,
- Fungus, its use as tinder, 16, 317
- Fustibalus, Roman use of the, 418
- Future existence, belief in, implied by objects in interments, 84, 283
- G
- Gabbro, tools for flint-working made of, 22
- Gaillard, M. F., Breton finds of pyrites and flint by, 318
- Gallas, form of scraper among the, 299
- Games, possible use of stone balls in, 244, 245
- Ganges, estimate of detritus carried by, 667
- Gastaldi, Prof.,
- Gatty, Rev. Reginald A., on minute flint tools, 325
- Gaudry, M., sections of San Isidro valley by, 529
- Gaul, Celtic, importation of amber from, 449
- Gaulish coins, stone hatchet found with, 144
- Gautier de Bibelesworth quoted as to slickstones, 441
- Gaviller, Mr. G. H., oval implement found by, 584
- Gay, the late Mr., 178
- Geikie, Sir Archibald,
- Gems on hilt of Mexican chalcedony blade, 355
- Geological data as to antiquity of man in Britain, 704, &c.
- George, Mr. T., his find at Elton, 573
- Georgius Agricola on thunderbolts, 64
- Germany, superstitions in, regarding celts, 57, 58
- Gesenius, his mention of stone knives in Palestine, 9
- Gibb, Dr. G. D., drift implement found by, 617
- Gibraltar, objects found in caves of, 177, 182, 252, 287, 428, 433
- Gimawong, sacrificial use of stone in honour of, 10
- Glacial deposit,
- Glaciers, heat action indicated by, 698
- Gladstone, Dr. J. H., broad flake found by, 606
- Glandes, the Roman sling-stones, 418
- Glass
- Glossiness
- Glossopetra, Pliny’s account of the, 363
- Glovemakers, recent use of stone nodules by, 416
- Godwin-Austen, Mr. R. A. C.,
- Gneiss, hammers of, 221, 223, 224
- Gnostic inscriptions, Egyptian celt bearing, 60, 61
- Goat’s horn, use of, by Mexicans in arrow making, 39
- Gog and Magog, their military flail, 423
- Gold,
- Gold mines of Egypt, bronze chisels in, 6
- Gooch, Mr. W. D., on African palæolithic implements, 653
- Goose, wild, remains of in Fisherton drift beds, 631
- Gordon, Robert, of Straloch, on elf-darts, 364
- Gouges,
- Granite,
- ball of, in Kent’s Cavern, 503;
- blocks of, used as anvils, 245;
- celt of, 108;
- hammer stone of, in Kent’s Cavern, 503;
- hand-mills of, in recent use, 253;
- ironing stones of, 443;
- perforated axes of, 195, 198;
- polished hammer of, 222;
- saddle-quern of, 252;
- wedge-shaped blades of, 97;
- water-worn fragments of, in Bournemouth gravels, 694
- Grass, asserted hafting of implement with, 645
- Grass-tree, Australian use of gum from the, 170
- Grattoirs, 298
- Grattoir-bec, 305
- Gravel,
- Gravel Hill, Brandon, 562–567
- Gravels,
- Graves, Rev. J., on recent use of a quern, 258
- Greece and Italy,
- Greek language,
- Greeks,
- Greenhill, Mr. J. E., on the London gravels, 586
- Greenland,
- Greenough map, the, referred to, 683
- Greenstone celt, sawing of, with flint flake, 45
- Greenwell, Canon, his explorations
- Gregory, Mr. A. G., on stone-working in Australia, 26
- Grew, Dr. Nehemiah, on “the flat Bolthead,” 364
- Grewingk, Herr, on stone-boring tools, 47
- Griffiths, Rev. Dr., ovate implements found by, 601
- Grime’s Graves, explorations by Canon Greenwell at, 33, 40
- Grinding implements,
- Grinding stones and whetstones, 261–271;
- Grit, from mill-stones, teeth worn by, 253
- Grooved hammers, 233–236;
- sharpening stone from La Madelaine, 484
- Grooves
- Grottoes, funereal, 160
- Ground-ice, formation of, 671
- Guanches, obsidian knives used by the, 8
- Guernsey, manufactory of arrow-heads in, 401
- Gum, Australian implements hafted with, 97, 137
- Gun-flints, present manufacture of, 14, 18
- Gutsmuths on ancient stone-boring, 49
- Gutteridge, Mr. William, drift implement found by, 598
- H
- Habits of Palæolithic Period, 656–658
- Hâches à bouton and à tête, 135
- Hacket, Mr., Indian quartzite implement found by, 651
- Hacquet, M., on the manufacture of gun-flints, 18, 21
- Hæmatite,
- Haft
- Hafts,
- Hafted celts, discoveries of, 151–155
- Hafting,
- Carib method of, 155;
- contrivances for assisting, 141, 151–172;
- of daggers by split wood, 349;
- of flakes, 288, 289, 292, 293, 502;
- by flexible wooden binding, 167;
- of flint blade by moss, 349;
- of hammers with small perforations, 217;
- of Maori chisels, 178;
- by means of growing wood, 155, 218;
- of spear-heads, 350, 351
- Hakke, or hoes, 191
- Halberd, meaning of, 146
- Halliwell, Mr., on the Stone axe, 146
- Hallstatt,
- Hamard, Abbé, his researches at Hermes, 314
- Hammers,
- barrel-shaped, 224;
- boulders used as, 234;
- broken celt converted into, 242;
- for chipping flints, 248–258;
- conical, 223;
- cylindrical, 224;
- with depressions of faces, 239, 240;
- egg-shaped, 224, 225;
- Eskimo, 25;
- grooved, 233–236;
- from Kent’s Cavern, 503;
- ornamented, 226;
- horn, in contracted interment, 434;
- ovoid pebbles perforated for, 228;
- of peculiar forms, 219;
- perforated, 217–232;
- possible use of, as weapons, 220, 221;
- Purgatory, 183;
- of stag’s horn, 35, 41, 434;
- stone, still used in Iceland, 11
- Hammer-stones,
- in barrows, 235, &c.;
- of bronze, 246;
- cavities worked in, 238;
- definition of, 238;
- with depressions of faces, 240–246;
- discoidal, 249;
- flint, at Cissbury, 32;
- grooved for hafting, 233;
- made from cores, 248;
- North American, 241;
- palæolithic, 536;
- on Palæolithic floor, 606;
- perforated, abundance of in Ireland, 232;
- polished by use, 248;
- ridges on, 246
- Hand, implements adapted for holding in the, 136, 140, 151, 358, 552, 557, 645
- Hand-hatchets, 137
- Hand-mills of stone,
- Handle,
- Handled celt, representation of in dolmen, 153
- “Handled wedges,” 205
- Hardening of flints by exposure, 32
- Hardy, M. Michel, on accidentally fractured flints, 658
- Harland, Mr. H. S., grinding tools found by, 266
- Harpoon-heads,
- Harrison, Mr. Benjamin,
- Hastings, stone missiles probably used at Battle of, 147
- Hatchets,
- Australian, fitted with handles, 70;
- bronze, Egyptian, 169;
- butt-end roughened for socketing, 46;
- of Danish type, 68, 69;
- hafting of, 151, 161;
- oblique-bladed, 152;
- of one piece with handle, 171;
- sacred importance of, with Greeks, 62;
- stone, form of, affected by bronze influences, 75;
- stone, method of forming, 31;
- with loop for suspension, 171;
- with semicircular cutting edge, 136;
- worn, re-chipping of, 102;
- nuclei made into, at Spiennes, 35
- Hawk, skull of, in interment, 429
- Hawkins, Mr. C. E., drift implement found by, 612
- Haynes, Prof., Egyptian implements found by, 652
- Heaps of flints prepared for slingers, 419
- Heathery Burn Cave, bronze and bone objects in, 432
- Hellebarde, etymology of, 146
- Helwing on the true nature of celts, 63
- Hemp,
- Hernandez, his account of obsidian-working, 24
- Herodotus
- Hesiod,
- Hickes, Dr., on the shooting of elf-arrows, 366
- Hicks, Dr. H., on date of Welsh caves, 521
- Hides,
- Hildebrand and Hadubrand, song of, 146
- Hill-forts, querns found in, 259
- Hilton, Mr. R., 94, 341;
- drift implements found by, 622
- Hilts of flint daggers, their probable use as flaking tools, 413
- Hindoos, pebble superstition among, 568
- Hippopotamus, its evidence as to former volume of English rivers, 699, 700
- Hoare, Sir Richard Colt,
- Hoe,
- Hoe-like implements in Mexico, 216
- Holes through stones, natural, utilization of, 225, 226
- Hollow scrapers, 319, 320
- Hollowing canoes,
- Holmes, Mr. W. H., on a chert quarry in Missouri, 80
- Homer, mention of bronze arms in, 4, 368
- Hones, 268, 269;
- burial of, 208
- Hone-stone,
- Hornblendes, various, implements of, 125, 128, 206, 224, 230
- Horse, representation of, on bone, 523
- Horse trappings, late Celtic, pebbles found with, 442
- Houghton, Mr. W. H., drift implement found by, 572
- Hove, amber cup found at, 449
- Hoxne,
- Hughes, Prof. T. McK.,
- Human race,
- Human remains
- Huntley, the late Dowager Marchioness, implements found by, 573
- Hurons, asserted methods of hafting among, 155, 218
- Hut-circles,
- Hyænas,
- Hydrobia marginata, former presence of, in England, 531, 533, 539, 584, 586
- I
- Ice,
- Ice-chisels, possible use of early implements as, 645, 654
- Iceland, stone hammers in use in, 11
- Ichthyophagi, the, Diodorus on their use of stone, 288
- Icklingham, gun-flint factory formerly at, 14
- “Imp-stones,” 437
- Implements,
- palæolithic, chronology of, retrogressive, 473;
- from caves and drift compared, 474;
- large, rarity of in caves, 475;
- with extinct fauna, 481–486, 490, &c., 513, 620, 701;
- of caves, classification of, 483, 484;
- joined up, 20, 514, 586;
- British area of, 524, 580;
- of the River Drifts, 526 et seq.;
- of materials other than flint, 565, &c.;
- below the Palæolithic floor, 586, 591;
- first discovery of in quaternary beds, 581;
- beneath mammoth remains, 630;
- classification of, 640, 648;
- compared with neolithic, 648–650, 657;
- from Asia and Africa, 650;
- forms of, almond-shaped, 529, 540, 557, 647;
- bevel-edged, 546, 559;
- broad and short, 594;
- circular, 559, 608;
- crescent-like, 559, 571, 647;
- discoidal, 648;
- flat-faced, 645;
- kite-shaped, 492, 542, 593, 644;
- lanceolate, 554;
- large and heavy, 532, 569, 613;
- lozenge-shaped, 647;
- oblique-edged, 567, 568;
- oval, 589, 625, 604, 629;
- ovate, 515, &c., 593, &c., 602, 618;
- ovoid, 492, 493;
- perch-backed, 646, 647;
- pointed, 557, 563, 603, 613, 644, &c.;
- scraper-shaped, 500, 632;
- sharp-rimmed, 642, 647, 701;
- shoe-shaped, 537, 554, 593, 645;
- tongue-shaped, 539, 572, 644, 649;
- triangular, 492;
- wedge-shaped, 529
- Incantations regarding stones, 469
- “Incense-cup” in barrow, 211
- Incisions on bone objects, 523, 656
- India,
- Indians,
- North American, arrows, 370;
- Californian, arrow-chipping by, 39;
- Californian, obsidian worked by, 27;
- Cloud River, arrow-chipping by, 39;
- of Ecuador, axe-mounting among, 170;
- flaking tools of, 24;
- fleshing instruments, 126;
- hatchets, 97;
- hatchets, mounting of, 168;
- holes drilled by, 50, 52;
- lozenge-shaped lance-heads, 372;
- pyrites used among, for fire-producing, 317;
- quoits, 440;
- Snake River, obsidian-working by, 40;
- tomahawks made by, 52
- Indra, hammer as attribute of, 62
- Indus, large nuclei from banks of, 23
- Ingram, the Rev. Canon, as to bracers, 429
- Interments,
- stone and bronze found together in, 123, 143, &c.;
- primary and secondary, mixing of, 210, 211;
- Saxon, with quern, 259;
- late presence of flint in, 282;
- objects accompanying, passim;
- burnt, objects found with, 96, 105, 186, 194, 197, 210, 253, 291, 330, 377, 398, &c.;
- contracted, cause of position, 149;
- objects found in, 230, 280, 371, 385, 429, &c.
- Intrenchments, old, relation of sling-stones to, 419
- Ireland,
- Iron Age,
- Bronze Age succeeded by, 5;
- grooved stones with objects of the, 271;
- axe-head in barrow, 463;
- axes, French, resembling stone types, 205;
- blades, Eskimo, skin-hafted, 293;
- late use of, in Egypt, 6;
- date of discovery as given by Arundelian marbles, 4;
- early use of, in Britain, 10;
- infrequent mention of by Homer, 4;
- knife, 487;
- meteoric, probably first used, 5;
- -mould, staining of scrapers by, 315;
- objects of, in interments, 210, 394, 397, 438, 455;
- ore in barrow, 263, 313, 338;
- Period, Early, “strike-a-light” stones of the, 241;
- pick-axe in old workings of lead mine, 234;
- used for pins of querns, 259
- Ironing stones of granite, 443
- Iron-stone,
- Iroquois,
- Isle of Wight,
- Italy,
- Ivory,
- articles of, at Paviland, 487;
- carved bracers of, 430;
- fossil, used by Eskimos for arrow-flaking, 37;
- fossil, Eskimo scraper hafted in, 298;
- fossil, present use of, in Siberia, 488;
- plates of, in necklaces, 457;
- rod of, in Brixham cave, 516;
- spindle-whorls of, 439;
- used for shafting arrows of Bushmen, 410
- J
- Jacquard, M. Ed., on “Céraunies,” 57
- Jade,
- Jade-like stone, French chisel of, 176
- Jadeite,
- Japan,
- Jasper,
- Java, stone axes in, 59
- Javelins and arrow-heads, 360–411;
- distinction between, 370
- Javelin-heads
- Jaw-bone of animal, implement formed from, 434
- Jaw, human, from Moulin-Quignon, 703
- Jeffreys, the late Mr. J. Gwyn, 345
- Jet,
- Jewitt, the late Mr. Llewellynn, on elf-arrows, 366
- Jews,
- Jones, Prof. Rupert, on the London gravels, 586
- Joshua,
- Judd, Prof. J. W., drift implement found by, 611
- K
- Kaffirs,
- Kahun, manufacture of stone implements at, 45
- Keller, Dr.,
- Kemble, Mr., on stones in Teutonic tombs, 468
- Kennett, Bishop, quoted as to slickstones, 441
- Kentmann, thunderbolts described by, 63, 64
- Kent’s Cavern, Torquay,
- awl of bone from, 506;
- bone, objects of, 504–506;
- bones, mineral condition of, 508;
- bronze objects in upper layer, 492;
- charcoal in, 492, 511;
- co-existence of man with extinct animals in, 510;
- cores and hammers from, 503;
- correlation of, with foreign caves, 511;
- deposits of, 491;
- examinations of, 488–491;
- fauna of, neolithic, 508;
- fauna of, palæolithic, 507;
- flakes from, 498, &c.;
- flint implements from, 492–503;
- harpoons, 504;
- human remains, 492;
- implements below the stalagmite, 489;
- implements, neolithic, from upper layers, 492;
- needle of bone, 321, 506;
- pin, 506;
- sabre-toothed tiger, 508;
- scrapers, 500, 502;
- whetstone, 504
- Kerr, Mr. Richard, ovate implement found by, 621
- Kilkenny, modern use of quern in, 258
- Kimmeridge coal,
- King, Mr. C. W., on an engraved Egyptian celt, 60
- Kintore, Earl of, battle-axe presented to Edinburgh Museum by, 197
- Kioway Indians, stone hammer used by, 235
- Kirchner on stone-boring, 51
- Kirwan, Rev. R.,
- Kist-vaen, vessels found in, 450
- Kite-shaped palæolithic implements, 542, 592, 644
- Kjökken-möddings,
- Klah-o-quat Indians, their wapiti-horn chisels, 434
- Klebs, Dr. R., on amber ornaments of Stone Age, 450
- Knife Gallery, Brixham, 514
- Knife-shaped implements, 535, 646
- Knives,
- blunted at one edge, 335, 336;
- bronze, 5;
- chipped, not ground, 356;
- circular, 341, 342;
- curved, 355–358;
- Egyptian, 8, 354, 359;
- Eskimo, of meteoric iron, 5;
- fluted, 359;
- flint, 290, 356, &c.;
- ground, from Scotland, 338;
- hafting of, 346;
- horseshoe-shaped, 342;
- Japanese, 355;
- of mica-schist, 381;
- peculiar, in Lake dwellings, 348;
- Picts’, perforated, 346;
- Picts’, probably handled, 347;
- of polished slate, 358;
- Scandinavian, of slate, 404;
- serrated, 331;
- of small flakes continuously mounted, 277, 293;
- of stone, ceremonial use of, 8–10;
- triangular, 340, 343
- “Knockin’-stones” in Scotland, 11
- Knowles, the late Rev. Dr., 138
- Kotzebue Gulf, arrow-flaker from, 38
- Kruse on perforated axes, 184
- L
- Labour necessary for stone-working, 107, 226, 231
- Lafitau on the time required for tomahawk-making, 52
- Laing, the late Mr. S., rude implements found by, in Caithness, 281
- Lake-dwellings,
- arrow-heads of, 402;
- axes, socketed, in, 158;
- corn-crushers in, 246;
- flakes in, 281–287;
- grinding-stones in, 262;
- handled flakes from, 292;
- mealing-stones in, 250;
- narrow rubbers in, 267;
- perforated hammer, 232;
- perforated whetstones, 269;
- scrapers, 310, 318;
- slings of flax, 417;
- spinning and weaving in, 436;
- stag’s horn sockets, 43, 136, 161, 177;
- wooden spindle-whorls, 439
- La Madelaine, characteristics of Age of, 484
- Lamiarum sagittas, 362
- Lamps of stone, 445, 450, 451
- Landon, Mr. Joseph, examination of Rea gravels by, 578
- Lance-heads,
- Lane-Fox, Col., see Rivers, Gen. Pitt.
- Langues-de-chat, 644
- Lapis lydius, celt of, 114
- Lapps,
- Lark River, older representative of the, 682
- Lartet, Prof. E.,
- Lartet, Prof. Louis, his Spanish finds, 529
- Lasham, Mr. Frank, on the gravels of the Wey valley, 595
- Lastic, Vicomte de, his cave at Bruniquel, 296
- Latchmore, Mr. Frank, drift implements found by, 536, 602, 604
- “Late-Celtic” Period, stone ornamentation of, 260
- “Lateritic” beds in Madras, implements found in, 651, 654
- Lathe,
- Lauth, Prof., on the origin of iron in Egypt, 5
- Lavers, Mr. Edward, ovate implement found by, 578
- Lawrence, Mr. G. F., implements found by, 111, 604
- Layton, Mr. T., Thames finds in possession of, 74, 161
- Lead,
- Lead-mines, implements found in, 234
- Leather,
- Leech, Mr. Thomas, implements found by, at Reculver, 613
- Left-handedness, early evidence as to, 429
- Leg-bones of animal,
- Lehaie, M. A. Houzeau de, on the flint factory at Spiennes, 34
- Lemming,
- Le Moustier, Age of, implements of, 483, 496
- Leonora Christina, Princess, flint used by for cutting, 348
- Lepic, Vicomte, his suggestions as to mounting stone implements, 162
- Lepsius on Egyptian flakes, 287
- Lewis and Clarke quoted as to pogamoggon, 424
- Lightning,
- Lightning-teeth, stone axes known as, in Java, 59
- Lignite,
- Limestone,
- Lindenschmit,
- Lindsay, Dr. W. Lauder, on Maori hatchets, 172
- Linen, polishing of, by slickstones, 441
- Lingue di San Paolo, 367
- Lisch on stone-boring, 49
- Lithuania, central core from tube-boring found in, 47
- Little, Mr. W. C., on the development of flint arrows, 369
- Livres de beurre, 27
- Loadstone, sling bullets of, 418
- Loams, red, in caves, 479
- Loir et Cher, manufacture of gun-flints in, 15
- Londesborough, objects found by the late Lord, in barrows, 148, 160, 290, 328
- Long barrows,
- Long Hole, Gower, fauna of and flints from, 520
- Longman, Mr. C. J., his series of early bracers, 430
- Longpérier, M., on hatchet worship, 62
- Looms, early, use of weights in, 443
- Lorraine, Prince François de, Turkish stone hatchet presented to, 59
- Lottin, Dr., on the manufacture of gun-flints, 18
- Lower Tertiary conglomerate,
- Lubbock, Sir John,
- Luco, Abbé, pyrites and flint found by, in dolmen, 318
- “Lucky Stones,” virtues of, 469
- Lucretius as to successive Periods of culture, 4
- Lukis, Capt., polished celt found by, with skeleton, 149
- Lukis, the late F. C., M.D.,
- Lukis, the late Rev. W. C., of Wath, referred to, 188, 204, 240, 268
- Lycians, the, their arrows featherless, 410
- Lydian stone,
- Lye, his dictionary referred to as to stone bill, 145
- Lyell, Sir Charles,
- Lyme Regis, manufactory of flint implements at, 35
- Lyon, Mr. Caleb, on Shasta arrow-head making, 40
- Lysons, Mr. Samuel, excavations at Witcombe, 144
- Lyttelton, Bishop, on stone hatchets, 3, 202, 204
- M
- Mace-head, lenticular, of breccia, 232
- Maces, flints naturally perforated used for, 184
- Maces, see Hammers
- MacEnery, the Rev. J., his researches in Kent’s Cavern, 488, 495
- Machairodus, the, 508, 524
- Maghara,
- Mahanuddy, small nuclei from banks of, 23
- Mahudel, on the early use of stone, 3
- Maize,
- Mallet, Indian mode of hafting, 239
- Malleus fulmineus, 63
- Mammoth, caves of the Age of the, 481
- Man,
- Mandingoes, single-barbed arrows of the, 394
- Manethonian dynasty, the third, use of grooved hammers in, 235
- Manganese, dendritic markings due to presence of, 660
- Mangles, Mr. H. A., drift implements found in Wey valley by, 595
- Manning, Mr. Percy, implements found by, near Oxford, 594
- Mantell, the late Dr., 84, 148, 308
- Manufactories of flint implements, 34, 268, 280, 359, 401, 402;
- Maoris,
- Marathon, source of stone arrow-heads at, 368, 403
- Marbodæus quoted as to the ceraunius, 64
- Marcou, M., on N. American mauls, 235
- Marine deposits in Fen gravels, 681
- Marmot
- Marrow of bones, a primitive delicacy, 504, 657
- Marten, Mr. John, drift implement found by, 620
- Martha’s Hof, celt kept in a granary at, 58
- Martin, Mr. C. Wykeham, scraper found by, 309
- Mas d’Azil, painted pebbles in cave of, 484, 485
- Mason, Mr. Otis T., “on aboriginal skin-dressing,” 299
- Massagetæ, their bronze arrow-heads, 368
- Materials of which British celts are made, 65, 66, &c.;
- relative durability of, 655
- Matter, solid, amount of in turbid water, 667
- Mauls, stone, method of hafting, 169;
- in old copper workings, 233
- Mealing-stones,
- Medicinal powers, supposed, of stone implements, 271, 365, 437
- Meillet, M.,
- “Mell” for preparing barley, 451
- Memnon, bronze sword of, 4
- Mentone, intermediate age of deposits in caves near, 475, 487
- Mercati, his suggestion as to the origin of celts, 62
- Meres,
- Merewether, the late Dean, implements found by, 309
- Meriones, bronze arrow of, 4
- Merovingian interments,
- Mesolithic, use of term deprecated, 702
- Metal-working,
- Meteoric iron, probably the first used, 5
- Mexican arrow-heads, 24, 39;
- Meyer, Dr. A. B., his catalogue of jade objects, 110
- “Meyrick’s Armour” referred to, 200
- Mica schist,
- Micaceous grit,
- Mid-Pleistocene character of Crayford beds, 607
- Mildenhall, recent arrow-heads made by workman of, 42
- Mill,
- “Mill-bill” of present day, 146
- Mill-dues of St. Albans, 258
- Mills and balls in barrows, 253
- Milner, Col., his celt with Gnostic inscriptions, 60
- Mine de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest, mauls found in, 235
- “Miners’ hammers,” Irish, 234
- Mining,
- Mining instruments of bronze, 233
- Miocene Age, evidence doubtful as to existence of man in the, 374
- Mirrors, possible use of polished stone discs as, 440
- Missiles, possible use of discoidal implements as, 655
- Mississippi, estimated amount of detritus carried by, 667
- Missouri, chert quarry in, 80
- Mitchell, Sir A., on the spindle and whorl, 437
- Mitten, Mr., on the fossil mosses from Hoxne, 577
- Mongols, use of military flail among the, 423
- Monkman, Mr. C, on sling-stones and intrenchments, 419
- Montelius, Prof., referred to, 154, 261
- Montezuma,
- Moraines of glaciers, boulder-clay mainly derived from, 697
- Morison, Fynes, on Irish corn-grinding, 251
- Morlot, M., his suggestions as to grinding flints, 43
- “Morning star,” a modification of the staff-sling, 423
- Morse, Miss, her assistance with fossil plants from Hoxne, 577
- Mortars, 245, 257, 450
- Mortillet, M. A. de,
- on celt with haft-mark, 154;
- M. Gabriel de, on boring of Swiss axes, 51;
- on the chronological sequence of cave deposits, 475;
- classification of caves by, 483;
- on a cubical grindstone, 245;
- on early cruciform ornaments, 454;
- on Greek inscribed celt, 62;
- his subdivisions of Palæolithic Period, 528;
- on tube-boring, 47;
- referred to, 194, 232, 278, 296
- Moscardo on the Pietre ceraunie, 364
- Moseley, Mr. H. N., worked jade brought by, from New Zealand, 46
- Moss, flint blade handled with, 349
- Mosses, fossil, at Hoxne, 577
- Moulds,
- Mound in Tennessee, hatchet from, 171
- Moustérien Age, characteristics of, 483
- Much, Dr., on the Hellebarde, 146
- Müller, Dr. Sophus,
- Mullers,
- Mumford, Rev. George, celt fixed in a tree found by, 150
- Munro, his “Lake Dwellings” referred to, 45, 297
- Mur de Barrez, flint pit at, 35
- Museums of—Antiquaries,
- Soc. of, England, 78, 126, 141, 150, 196, 229, 346, 377, 405;
- Berlin, 188, 191, 294;
- Blois, 187;
- Bonn, 136;
- Brighton, 449, 518;
- British, passim;
- Brunswick, 191;
- Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 73, 74, 88, 92, 100, 104, 178, 191, 251, 336, 390, 538;
- Fitch, 100;
- Woodwardian, 92, 100, 538, 595;
- Canterbury, 353;
- Castleton, 342;
- Charterhouse School, 596;
- Clermont Ferrand, 286, 465;
- Copenhagen, Ethnological, 167, 183, 191, 226, 245, 246, 286, 292, 347;
- Derby, 225;
- Devizes, 428;
- Douai, 169;
- Dresden, Ethnological, 111;
- Historical, 157;
- Economic Geology, Jermyn Street, 84, 174, 357, 583, 613;
- Edinburgh, National, passim;
- Exeter, Albert, 192, 407, 445, 639;
- Geneva, 113, 185;
- Ghizeh, 359, 369;
- Grierson, at Thornhill, 200;
- Kelso, 119;
- Keswick, Crosthwaite collection, 106, 117;
- Kirkcudbright, 442;
- Königsberg, 403;
- Lausanne, 185, 292, 327;
- Leeds, Bateman collection, passim;
- Philosophical Society, 187, 191, 221;
- Leicester, 103, 230, 254, 470;
- Leipzig, 191, 220;
- Le Puy, 101, 296, 411;
- Leverian, 212, 441, 575, &c.;
- Lewes, 101, 174;
- Leyden, 114, 128, 205, 403, 405;
- Egyptian, 174, 354;
- Liverpool, Mayer collection, 96, 151, 235, 354;
- Lund, 418;
- Lyons, 109;
- Madras, Central, 569;
- Mainz, 109, 160, 268;
- Montrose, 224, 421;
- Morbihan, Société Polymathique de, 109;
- Namur, 402;
- Nancy, Musée Lorrain, 59;
- Naples, 354;
- Neuchâtel, 232;
- Newcastle, Soc. Ant., 104, 123, 124, 126, 128, 193, 200, 383;
- Northampton, 110, 124;
- Norwich, 91, 100, 150, 202, 223, 229, 240, 440;
- Fitch collection, passim;
- Over Yssel, 157;
- Oxford, 337, 341, 518, 593;
- Ashmolean, 104, 354, 357;
- Paris, Musée d’Artillerie, 327;
- Perth, 421;
- Peterhead, Arbuthnot, 425, 463;
- Plymouth Institute, 200, 495;
- Powysland, 208, 342;
- Royal Irish Academy, 43, 85, 215, 308;
- St. Germain, 109, 160, 187, 262;
- Salisbury, Blackmore, passim;
- Scarborough, 207;
- Southampton, Hartley Institute, 293, 294;
- Stockholm, 418, 435;
- Stourhead Collection, 427;
- Sussex Archæological Society, 185, 242, 249;
- Swansea, Royal Institution, 187;
- Toulouse, 559;
- Troyes, 262;
- Truro, 187;
- Turin, Arsenal of, 379;
- Turin, Egyptian, 354;
- Upsala, 58;
- Vannes, 109;
- Vienna, Ambras, 157;
- Warrington, 234;
- Weimar, 109;
- Wilts Archæological Society, 268;
- Zurich, 269
- Musk ox,
- Mussel-shell adzes, present use of, 182
- Mycenæ,
- N
- Nardoo, Australian stones for grinding, 243
- Necklaces,
- Needles,
- Needs, identical, like results produced by, 325
- Neolithic Period,
- Nephrite,
- Net-sinkers, 236, 237
- Netting, possible use of bone instruments for, 432
- New Caledonians, sling-stones of, 418, 419
- Neuwied, Prinz, on Australian stone blades, 171
- Newton, Mr. E.T., on human remains in Thames valley gravel, 607
- New Zealand,
- Nickel, presence of, in meteoric iron, 5
- Nightmare, perforated stones good against, 469
- Nilsson, Prof.,
- Nodule of flint, bludgeon-shaped, in grave, 277
- Nodules of pyrites, their use in producing fire, 313–319
- Norman, Mr. H. G., palæolithic implements found by, 604
- Norway, method of testing celts in, 57
- Notches
- Nouter, axe personified by, 62
- Nuclei,
- O
- Oak,
- Oaks, present in brick-earth at Hoxne, 537
- Obsidian,
- arrow-heads of, in California, 37;
- arrow-heads at Mycenæ, 403;
- arrow-heads from the Caucasus, 405;
- arrow-heads made in the Palace of Montezuma, 406;
- cores of, from Greek sites, 28, 278;
- Easter Island tool of, 289;
- flakes of, in Greece, 278, 284, 286;
- jade bored by, in New Zealand, 46;
- knives of, skin-hafted, 293;
- knives of, in Teneriffe, 8;
- methods of working, 23–25, 39;
- Mexican dagger-blades of, 354;
- scrapers of, 310
- Ochre,
- Ochreous tinting of gravel implements, 617, &c.
- Ofai ara, Polynesian sling-stones, 420
- Ohio Valley, steatite tubes from, 50
- Ojibway Indians, 168
- Oliver, Lieut., R.E., drift implement found by, 626
- Ophthalmia, Burmese treatment of, 60
- Ore, iron, in interment, 313, 317
- Ornament, cruciform, early occurrence of, 453
- Ornaments,
- Ornamentation
- Ostrich,
- Otter-skin, Californian knives hafted with, 293
- Out-door and in-door use, varying implements for, 641
- Ouvry, late Mr. F., Egyptian implement found by, 652
- Overlapping of the three Ages, 11, 227
- Ovid,
- Oviedo on sawing with sand and string, 44
- Ox, African, sacrifice of, with stone implement, 10
- Ox horn,
- P
- Paint,
- Palæolithic deposits,
- floors, buried under “trail,” 698;
- discovery of, 586, 591;
- flint workshop on, 606;
- heaps of flint lying on, 598;
- implements from, 587;
- preservation of delicate flakes in, 643;
- replacement on original cores of, flakes from, 598;
- under brick-earth, 598;
- under Wey valley gravels, 595
- implements, compared with neolithic, 12, 648, 657
- man, evidence for unity of races of, 654
- Palæolithic Period,
- Palestine, ceremonial use of stone knives in, 9
- Palstaves, bronze, hafting of, 163
- Patagonians,
- Patination of flints, 187, 660
- Patroclus, prize at funeral games of, 5
- Paulus Jovius on bone bracers in England, 430
- Pausanias on the use of metals in the heroic times, 4, 7
- Peale, Mr. T. R., on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39
- Peat,
- Pebbles,
- as amulets, 466, 469;
- cheese-shaped, 244;
- with depressions worked, 241, 244, 270;
- flint, disintegration of, 497;
- grooved, 271;
- in interments, 467, &c.;
- naturally perforated, 469, 470;
- painted, in the cave of Mas d’Azil, 484;
- perforated, for hammers, 217;
- perforated, for net-sinkers, 439;
- polished, in tumuli, 214, 443, 467;
- as pounders, 244;
- of quartz, battered by use, 25;
- of quartzite, hammers of, 228;
- sacred, 468;
- for slinging, 419
- Pemberton, American inscribed axe from, 58
- Pendants
- Pengelly, Mr.,
- Pennacooks,
- Pennant, Mr., on querns in the Hebrides, 258
- Penning, Mr. W. H.,
- Pennington, Mr. Rooke, barrow opened by, 467
- Perceval, Mr. Spencer G., drift implement found by, 624
- Perforations
- Perrault, M., researches in the Camp de Chassey, 159
- Persian arrows, iron, 394, 396
- Persians, myth as to their skill in archery, 361
- Personal ornaments, amulets, &c., 452–472
- Perthes, M., Boucher de,
- Peru, obsidian working in, 24
- Pestle and mortar, 252, 254
- Pestle-like implements, 135, 149
- Petrie, Prof. Flinders,
- Pfahl-bauten,
- Philip II. of Macedon, imitations of coin of, found with arrow-head, 397
- Phillips, Mr. B., on softening amber, 449
- Pickel, Conrad, his name Latinized into Celtes, 56
- Picks of red deer horn used for flint extraction, 33
- Picks and chisels, 173–182
- “Picts’ Castle,” 138
- “Picts’ houses,” see Brochs.
- “Picts’ knives,”
- Pierre de tonnerre, 57
- Pig, Roman sacrifice of, with flint weapon, 10
- “Pikelet stones” now made of iron, 440
- Pins or awls, 433;
- Pipes of erosion, 548, 602, 707
- Pisander, bronze axe of, 4
- “Pisky grinding-stones,” 437
- Pitcairn on the diabolical origin of elf-arrows, 366
- Pitch, Scandinavian use of, for mounting bronze implements, 170
- Pithecanthropus erectus, Dr. Dubois’, alluded to, 703
- Pits for the extraction of flints, 33, 35, 78
- Pivot stones, 242
- Planes, Eskimo, use of scrapers as, 299
- “Plateau type,” doubtful character of flints of, 609, 643, 658
- Plate of gold in barrow, 227
- Plates
- Pleistocene fauna,
- Pliny
- Plot, Dr.,
- Ploughshare, bronze, ceremonial use of, by the Tuscans, 5
- Plowright, Dr. C. B., on a Norfolk flint factory, 83
- Plutarch on the bronze weapons of Theseus, 4
- “Pluvial Period,” Mr. Tylor on the, 698
- Poem, early German, referred to, 146
- Pogamoggon, its use by Shoshone Indians, 424
- Poison, etymological testimony to its use on arrows, 362
- Pole-lathe, mechanism of, 447
- Polished patches on celts due to hafting, 89, 337
- Polishers of stone, 266, 267;
- in Kent’s Cavern, 492
- Polishing,
- “Polissoirs,” 262
- Polygonal flakes, abundance of, in River-Drift, 642
- Poppe, Mr. A., doubtful discoveries of hafted hatchets by, 163
- Porphyritic greenstone,
- Porphyry,
- Pottery,
- “Pot-stone,” or steatite, 444;
- why so called, 451
- Poulton, Prof. E. B., drift implements found by, 626
- Pounders,
- Pounding-stones, palæolithic, probable uses of, 657
- Pourtalès, M. F. de, on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39
- Pressigny-le-Grand,
- Prestwich, the late Sir Joseph;
- researches with author in Somme valley, 490, 527;
- at Icklingham, 539;
- at Reculver, 613;
- his report on Brixham Cave, 512;
- section of Ouse valley, 531;
- section of Lark valley, 543;
- section of Reculver Sands, 617;
- on drift deposits at Hoxne, 574;
- on drift deposits capping chalk downs, 608;
- implements found by, 593, 632;
- on Fisherton beds, 630;
- on uses of pointed implements, 645, 654;
- on river action, 663;
- on transporting power of ground-ice, 671;
- on disintegrating effect of frost, 672;
- on materials of drift gravels, 678;
- on level of Waveney valley, 683;
- old sea-beach found by at Waterbeach, 687;
- on valley erosion, 697;
- on difference between high and low level valley deposits, 699;
- on time needed for forming pipes of erosion, 707
- Probert, Mr. C. K., drift implement found by, 538
- Prometheus as to cave-dwelling men, 480
- Promptorium Parvulorum quoted as to slickstones, 441
- Ptahmes, his name on stone knife, 8
- Pudding-stone, Hertfordshire, querns of, 259
- Pulley-beads, 560
- Pulley-shaped rings,
- “Pump-drill” for producing fire by friction, 48, 49
- Punches,
- “Purgatory Hammer,” 183
- “Pygmy flints,” 325
- Pyrenees, Claudian on worked flints of the caves of, 480
- Pyrites,
- Pyrodes, myth as to his introduction of fire, 16, 313
- Q
- Quarries of stone for implements, 80
- Quartz,
- American arrow or harpoon heads of, 407;
- Australian hafting of flakes of, 293;
- beads of, 465;
- celt of, 136;
- crystals of, used for boring, 322;
- Egyptian celt of, 113;
- flat disc of, 244;
- pebbles, association of, with flint flakes, 25;
- hammers of, 243, 248;
- pebbles in interments, 467;
- slickstones of, 442;
- Swiss arrow-head of, 402;
- implements, African, 653;
- implements from Portugal, 529
- Quartzite,
- axe-hammer of, 207;
- celt of, 113;
- flakes of, 281;
- hammer-heads of, 225, 228, 229;
- implements of, 587, 593, 650, 651, 654;
- implements from Somaliland, 653;
- mauls of, 234;
- pebbles of, battered glacial, 561;
- pebbles, implements of, 566, 579, 594;
- pebbles in Little Ouse valley, 682;
- plano-convex disc of, 231;
- qualities of, for implement making, 581;
- Scotch arrow-head of, 377;
- spherical implement of, 244
- Quaternary beds,
- Queen Charlotte Islands, basalt hammer from, 25
- Querns, 258–260;
- from Brochs, 463
- Quoit, disc resembling, 440
- R
- Rabut, M., hammer-stone found by, in the Lac du Bourget, 246
- Rain, proportion of, that reaches chalk springs, 675
- Rainfall,
- Rats, perforated discs for guarding against, 439
- Rau, Prof.,
- Rayos or Centellos, 58
- Razors, Mexican, of obsidian, 290
- Read, Mr. C. J., on Milford Hill finds, 632
- Read, Mr. C. H., on Bolas, 423
- Read, Mr. W., C.E., drift implements found by, 623
- Red deer, antlers of,
- “Red woman of Paviland,” 487
- Reeds, use of, for shafting arrows, 369, 409, 410
- Refuse heaps in Dordogne caves, 478
- “Regenbogen-schüsseln,” with flint arrow-head, 397
- Reid, Mr. Clement,
- Reindeer or Cavern Period,
- Reindeer horn,
- Religious rites, survival of ancient customs in, 5, 7
- “Reliquiæ Diluvianæ,” Dean Buckland’s, 487
- Resin, its use in mounting flakes, 293, 409
- Rhinoceros,
- Rib, with incised horse on it, 523
- Rib-like bone, marks of sawing on, 539
- “Ribbon-sling,” 417
- Richard, Abbé,
- Rickard, Mr. J. C., on palæolithic African implements, 653
- Ridged flakes defined, 641
- Ridges worn on hammer stones, 246
- Ridley, Messrs. E. P. & H. N., on fossil plants at Hoxne, 577
- Rigollot, Dr., on implements at St. Acheul, 526, 527
- Rings
- Ripple marking
- River basins, present lowering of, 668
- River Drift,
- antiquity of, 662, &c.;
- causes of crumpling, 697, 698;
- and surface periods, gap between, 650, 704;
- implements of, 526, et seqq.;
- implements compared with those of caves, 474;
- French and English, resemblance of, 627, 630;
- mammalian remains in, 528, &c.;
- molluscan in, 531, 536, 539, &c.;
- sorting of materials, of, by water action, 667, 673
- River gravels,
- Rivers,
- Rivers, General Pitt,
- Robenhausen, pyrites found in lake settlement of, 15
- Robinson, Sir J. C., palæolithic implements found by, 626
- Rock-crystal,
- Rocks, calcareous, erosion of, 477, &c.
- Rock-shelters, formation of, 476
- Rolled condition of implements in lower parts of valleys, 681
- Rolleston, the late Prof., his find at Oxford, 593
- Rolling-pin and bed-stone, 250
- Romano-British village,
- Roman remains,
- Romans,
- Rome, bronze shears used at, by priest of Jupiter, 5
- Roots, possible use of pointed implements in digging for, 645, 655
- Rose, Mr., his suggestion as to tube-boring, 50
- Rotatory mill, 254
- Roughening
- Roundels of stone, suggested use of, 49
- “Round-nosed chisels,” stone implements resembling, 180
- Rowe, Rev. A. L., quartzite drift implement found by, 578
- Rubbers needed for polishing concave surfaces, 266
- Ruddle,
- Rumph on the “Dondersteenen” of Java, 59
- Runic characters on stone celts, 58
- Rushes, use of, for cord in hafting, 292
- Rutley, Mr. F., drift implement found by, 616
- S
- Sabines, use of bronze knives by priests of the, 5
- Sabre-toothed tiger, presence of, in British caves, 508, 524
- Saddle-querns, 251
- St. Acheul, Kent’s Cavern implements of the age of, 495
- St. Alban’s mill dues, 258
- “Salagramma pebble,” Indian custom concerning, 468
- Salmon, M. Philippe, his division of the Stone ages, 485
- Salt-mines,
- “Samian ware,” ring of, 466
- Sand,
- Sandars, Mrs. E., side scraper found by, 636
- Sandstone,
- Sarmatians, their early ignorance of the use of iron, 7
- “Sarsen-stone,”
- Saucer of shale, 445
- Savage Island, shaped sling-stones in, 418
- Savages, modern,
- Savoy, superstition regarding celts in, 57
- Saws,
- Sawing,
- Saxo Grammaticus on Thor’s Hammer, 62
- Saxon graves,
- Saxon remains in Lark valley, 543;
- spindle-whorl with, 439
- Scales of fish in river drift, 540, 541
- Scaling fish, possible use of scrapers for, 312, note
- Scalping knife, possible use of stone blade as, 355
- Scandinavian axes, 184;
- Schlalum Indians, adze of the, 166
- Scheffer,
- Schliemann,
- Schmerling, Dr., his discoveries in Belgian caves, 481
- Schoolcraft
- Sciat-hee, Sir D. Wilson on the, 366
- “Scies,” 296
- Scotch fir, submerged forest of, at Bournemouth, 695
- Scrapers,
- classification of, 300;
- discoidal, 302, 308;
- double-ended, 307;
- duck-bill shaped, 304, 305;
- from Palæolithic Floor, 600;
- hollow, 319;
- horseshoe-shaped, 300, 308, 311;
- in brick-earth, 599;
- iron-mounted in Merovingian graves, 314;
- irregular in form, 306;
- kite-shaped, 303, 304;
- in kjökken-möddings, 310;
- method of making, 36, 298, &c.;
- modern use of, 299, 320;
- numerous, where flint abounds, 310;
- rare in River Drift, 643;
- resemblance between ancient and modern, 314, 315;
- of the Reindeer Period, 311;
- spoon-shaped, 308, 310;
- straight, 319;
- traces of wear on, 311, 495;
- use of, in preparing hides, 311, 312;
- use of, in producing fire, 312–319, 501;
- why so named, 643;
- with bronze weapons, 309
- Scraping,
- Scythes, myths concerning, 361
- Scythians,
- Sea, rate of encroachment
- Sea shells in Whittlesea Mere, 681
- Sections
- of Brixham Cave, 512, 513;
- at Bromehill, 560, 561;
- at Hackney Down, 584;
- of Hitchin brickfield, 536, 537;
- at Hoxne, 574, 575;
- of Isle of Wight, 626;
- of Kent’s Cavern deposits, 491;
- of Lark valley, 543;
- of Ouse valley, 531, 551;
- of Rea valley, 579;
- of Reculver cliffs, 617;
- at Shrubhill, 569;
- of gravels at Southampton, 623
- Seeley, Mr. H., on an incised bone, 539
- Sehested, Mr., his experiments with stone implements, 50, 69
- Selci romboidale, 325
- Sellers, Mr. G. E., on stone-chipping, 24
- Sérifontaine, pits for flint extraction at, 35
- Serpentine
- Serpula limestone, instruments of, 128, 227
- Serration, varying, of flint saws, 294, 297
- Seton-Karr, Mr. H. W.,
- Sets or punches, 24, 25
- Shafting of arrow-heads, methods of, 408–411
- Shafts of arrows,
- Shale,
- Sharpening-stones, 161–171
- Sharp-rimmed implements, classification of, 646
- Shasta Indians, arrow-chipping among, 39, 40
- Shelley, Mr., flakes collected by, 278
- Shell-gouges, Carib use of, 182
- Shells,
- Shetland blades, 347
- Shield, wooden, in Saxon tumulus, 163
- Shoe-shaped implements defined, 645
- Shore-ice, transporting power of, 672
- Shoshonee Indians, military flail used by, 423
- Shrubsole, Mr. O. A., on the Caversham beds, 592
- Sibbald, Sir Robert,
- Siberian use of stones for pounding, 245
- Sickle, bronze, of Medea, 5
- Sickles,
- Side-scrapers,
- Silex, suggested etymology of, 15
- Silica, two forms of, in flint, 497
- Silver,
- Similarity of wants, similarity of implements due to, 235, 407
- Sinew, animal,
- Sink-stones, present use of, 236, 237
- Siret, M. M., saddle-querns found by, in Spain, 252
- “Skelbs,” Scottish for flakes, 275
- Skeletons,
- Skertchley, Mr.,
- Skins,
- Skull, human,
- Slabs for sharpening stone implements, 261
- Sladen, Major, jade celts brought from China by, 127
- Slate, chlorite,
- “Slekenstone,” its renderings into Latin, 441
- Slickstone of glass in woman’s grave, 442
- Slickstones, various, 441
- Sling, early use of the, 417
- Slinging by means of split stick, 417
- Sling-stones,
- Sloane catalogue, reference to “British weapon” in, 581
- Smith,
- Mr. G., implement found by, at Southsea, 626;
- Captain G. V., experiments with Kjökken-mödding axes, 69;
- Captain John, on arrow-chipping in Virginia, 40;
- Mr. Worthington G., echini found by, in barrow, 468;
- flakes fitted on to palæolithic cores by, 20, 598;
- finds old land surface under brick-earth, 598;
- palæolithic implements found by, in gravels, 530, 583–586, 601–604, 611, 624
- Smoothing stone, tanged, 443
- Snake River Indians, arrow-chipping by, 40
- Snake-stones, snake bites treated by, 437
- Socket of celts,
- Solent, ancient river of the, 634, 637;
- Solinus on the abundance of jet in Britain, 464
- Solutré, characteristics of Age of, 484
- Solvent power of carbonic acid, 675
- Somme, implements in the drift of the valley of the, 490
- Sophocles, his mention of the bronze sickle of Medea, 5
- Sotacus,
- South Sea Islanders, adze-like implement of, 138
- Spanish trillas, 284
- Spalls of flint, 564
- Spalding, Mr. F., 179
- Spear-heads
- Spear-shafts, concave scrapers for shaping, 320
- Specks, shining, on flints from the gravel, 565, 659
- Spiennes,
- Spindles, upright, of corn-mills, 242
- Spindle-whorls, 436, &c.;
- Spinning and weaving,
- Spinning-wheel, possible classical use of, 436
- Spiral ornament
- Splinters and flakes of flint, distinction between, 275
- Springs in the chalk, 664, 675
- Spurrell, Mr. Flaxman C. J.,
- Staff-sling, its use in Roman times, 418
- Stag’s horn,
- axe or hoe of, 434;
- bone-tipped implement of, 416;
- for hafting celts, 128;
- for hafting flakes, 292;
- hammers of, 35, 41, 186, 434;
- implements for arrow-flaking, 41, 393;
- in interments, 148, 398;
- in mines, 233, 234;
- picks of, 33, 34;
- punch of, for obsidian working, 25;
- sockets of, 158, 161;
- in Swiss Lake-dwelling, 321
- Stalactite,
- Stalagmite,
- Stan-æx and stan-bill, 145
- Stanley, the late Hon. W. O., researches in Holyhead, 230, 234, 244, 252, 450, 466
- Steatite,
- Steels with flints in Saxon graves, 283
- Steenstrup,
- “Steenstrup’s markings” on oval blade, 337
- Stevens, Mr. Alfred H.,
- Stick, split, slinging by means of, 417
- Stone of the Arrows, 262
- Stone of Heaven, 5
- Stone Age, division of into Earlier and Later stages, 12, 474
- Stone and Bronze Periods, overlapping of, 89, 143, 150, 211, 471, &c.
- Stone weight, name suggestive of origin, 443
- Stopes, Mr. H., Syrian and Egyptian implements found by, 652
- Strabo, on the exportation of amber to England, 449
- “Strahlhammer,” 63
- Streams, carrying power of, 666
- “Strike-a-light” flints,
- Studs
- Strombus gigas, gouge-like instrument formed from, 182
- Stukeley,
- Submarine forest
- “Subterranean reservoir” of the chalk, 664
- Suetonius on a portentous find of stone axes, 65
- Superstitions concerning stone:
- Surface-flaking of arrow-heads, 392, 393
- Surface Period, synonymous with Neolithic, 12
- Surface drainage, lessening with amelioration of climate, 676
- Survival of bronze implements in religious rites, 5
- Swiss Lake-dwellings,
- arrow-heads, bone, in, 402;
- animals, domesticated, 358;
- awls, perforated, 323;
- bastard gouges, 182;
- bitumen, use of in hafting, 170, 409;
- celts, socketed, 128, 136;
- degree of civilization in, 358;
- disc, perforated, 191;
- flakes, trimmed, 327;
- flakes, mounting of, 502;
- hafting of celts, 167;
- hafting of hatchets, 155, 158, 162;
- knife, peculiar, 348;
- needles of bone, 433;
- sling-stones, 418
- Swords,
- Sword-like blades, Irish, of slaty stone, 363
- Syenite,
- Symonds, Rev. W. S., on changes in Wye valley, 521
- T
- “Taawisch,” Nootka Sound war axes, 157
- Tacitus, on the arrows of the Fenni, 361
- Tahitians,
- Tasmanians,
- Taunus slate, perforated hoe of, 191
- Taylor, Mr. J. B., African palæolithic implements brought by, 653
- Teeth, attrition of, by grit from grinding-stones, 253, 254
- Teneriffe, use of obsidian knives in, 8
- Terraces of gravel left during erosion of valleys, 673;
- Tertiary implements, so called, 658
- Teutonic interments, stone objects in, 468, 470
- “Thesaurus Brandenburgicus,” occurrence of Celtes in, 55
- Thong-drill, use of, 48
- “Thor’s Donnerkeil,” 51
- Thor’s hammers, 62, 145, 184
- Threshing instrument resembling the tribulum, 284
- “Thumb-flint,” method of making, 36
- “Thunder axes,” 56
- “Thunder-stones”
- Thurburn, Capt. H.,
- Thurnam, the late Dr.,
- Tibia, its use suggested by its name, 432
- Tierra del Fuego, pyrites used in for producing fire, 15
- Tiffin, Mr., junr., implements found by, 627, 634
- Tiger, sabre-toothed,
- “Tilhuggersteene,” Danish, 241
- Time, incalculable, needed for geological changes, 609, &c.
- Tindall, Mr. E., implements found by, 249, 251, 295, 332
- Tinder-boxes, no early record of the use of flint for, 17
- Tiryns, flint flakes from, 403
- Tobacco pipes, N. American, boring of, 52
- “Toki” of the Maoris, 172
- Toltecs, use of stone mortars by, 257
- Tomahawks,
- “Tonderkiler” and “Torden-steen,” 57
- Tongue-shaped implements defined, 644;
- Topley, Mr. W.,
- Tor Bryan Caves, 516, 517
- Torquay Nat. Hist. Soc., exploration of Kent’s Cavern by, 490
- Torquemada,
- Touraine, flint industry of, 30
- “Traba,” a form of tribulum, 284
- “Trail and warp,” 698
- Trees,
- Tremlett, Admiral, on the cutting power of jasper flakes, 6
- Trephining, practice of, in the Stone Period, 289
- Tribrach-formed instrument, 77, 78
- Tribulum, Varro’s description of the, 284
- Trigg formerly Prigg, the late Mr. Henry,
- Trimmer, Mr., on Trail and Warp, 698
- Trou de Chaleux, pyrites in, 286
- Trough, triturating, 252
- Troy,
- Troyon, M.,
- Truguet, M. Franck de, Swiss boring instrument found by, 46
- Trunk interments, 398, 447, 448
- Tube,
- Tubularia, hammer-head of fossil mass of, 229
- Tumulus, mixing of objects of different date in, 210
- Turquoise mines, stone hammers found in, 234
- Turquoises on Mexican dagger-hilt, 325
- “Turtle-backs” of Trenton, 80, 654
- Tuscans, their ceremonial use of a bronze plough-share, 5
- Tusks of wild boar in interments, 83, 148, 328, 427
- Tweezers,
- “Twibill,” 146
- Twigs, hafting of stone blade by, 347
- Tylor, Mr. Alfred,
- Tylor, Dr. E. B.,
- Tyndall, Prof., on conditions of glacier formation, 698
- U
- Ulna of whale, axe made of, 435
- Ulus, or Eskimo women’s knives, 343
- Ulysses, his use of the drill, 48
- “Underground house of Skaill,” objects found in, 255
- Upsala, axe in museum of, with Runic inscription, 58
- Urns,
- Use, traces of, on implements, 504, 555, 647
- Utensils, domestic, 436–451
- V
- Valleys,
- Valley slopes, detritus gradually left on, 673
- Varro, his description of the tribulum, 284
- Vegetable fibre,
- Venus, Paphian, on Cypriote coins, 10
- Vesica piscis-formed implements, 647
- Vessels, stone, in English barrows, 450, 451
- Vertebræ, human,
- Victoria Cave,
- Viking grave of woman, slick-stone in, 442
- Villas, Roman, stone celts found in, 144
- Vincent of Beauvais as to derivation of “silex,” 15
- Vincent, M., his early discovery of flint implement, 527
- Virginia, early account of arrow-chipping by Indians of, 40
- Virgil,
- Vivian, Mr. E., his examination of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 490
- Vogt, Prof. Carl, suggestions as to stone roundels, 49
- Vogué, M. de, Syrian palæolithic implement obtained by, 652
- Von Estorff on stone boring, 49
- Von Sacken, Baron, on the Hallstatt graves, 7
- Vulgate, occurrence of Celte in, 55
- W
- Wallong, the Australian, 243
- Walrus, remains of, in Whittlesea Mere, 681
- Walrus tooth used for tipping flaking tools, 24
- Wapiti, chisels made from horn of, 434
- War-axe
- War,
- War maces,
- Waring, Miss, drift implement found by, 608
- “Warp and trail,” 593, 698
- Warren, Mr. Hazzeldine, implements found by, 139, 603
- Washing linen, “batting staff” employed in, 256
- “Wasters,” presence of, in flint implement manufactories, 385, 649
- Water,
- Water-mills, stone pivots and sockets for, 242
- Watson, Mr. Knight, on the word Celte in Vulgate, 56
- Wauwyl, flint manufactory at, 22
- Way, the late Mr. Albert,
- Weapons,
- Wear on implements, its evidence as to mode of use, 311
- Weaving,
- Weaverthorpe, stag’s horn pick found at, 34
- Wedding dress cut out by stone knife, 348
- Wedge,
- Wells in the chalk, varying height of water in, 664
- Westlake, Mr. E., implement found by, 632
- Wexovius as to reindeer marrow, 504
- Weights for scales, stones as, 443
- Whale,
- Wheel-lock, use of pyrites in, 16
- Whetstones, 261–271;
- Whitaker, Mr. W., palæolithic implements found by, 538, 587, 607, 611, 612, 613
- Whitbourn, the late Mr., implement found by, in Wey valley, 319, 594
- White pebbles, symbolism of, 468
- Whitening of flint, 497, 549, 556
- Wild goose, remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631
- Wilde, Sir William,
- Willett, Mr. Ernest,
- William of Poitiers quoted, 146
- Williams. Rev. T. J., on white stones in interments, 468
- Wilson, the late Sir Daniel,
- Wire, Mr. A. P., pointed implement found by, 603
- “Witch-stone” as protection for cattle, 476
- Withies, stone implements hafted by, 167, 168, 233, 239
- “Witters” or barbs of arrow-heads, 370, note
- “Women’s knives,” Eskimo, 343
- Wood,
- bodkin of, in urn, 433;
- fire produced by friction of, 313;
- fossil, from Thanet sands, 620;
- method of preserving, 152;
- spindles of, with Roman remains, 439;
- split, hafting of daggers in, 349;
- split, hafting of spear-heads in, 350;
- stone boring by means of, 48, 49, 50, 52;
- used for splintering obsidian, 24
- Wood, Rev. J. G., his Nat. Hist. of Man referred to, 166, 167, 168, 299
- Woods, various, used for hafting implements, 153, 155, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164
- Wooden
- Woodward, Dr. Henry,
- Woodward, Dr., his suggestion as to arrow-heads, 407
- Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520
- Wool, tissues of, in bronze interments, 437
- Woollen cloth, skeleton wrapped in, 448
- Worm, Olaf,
- Worsaae, Prof.,
- Wright, Mr. Arthur G., drift implement found by, 539
- Wrist-guards of stone, 425–428
- Wyatt, the late Mr. James,
- Wye Valley, geological changes in, 521
- Wyeth, Mr., on arrow-chipping by Snake River Indians, 40
- X
- Xanthorrhæa gum, its use in hafting hatchets, 137, 170
- Xerxes, stone and iron-tipped arrows used by army of, 368
- Y
- Yew,
- Young, Mr. Lambton, C.E., drift implement from the Thames found by, 588
- Yun-nan, jade-working in, 110
- Z
- Zinck, M., his criticisms on distinctions between palæo- and neo-lithic forms, 649
- Zigzag
- Zunis of New Mexico, arrow-head charms among the, 367
-
INDEX, GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL.
-
- BEDFORDSHIRE.
- Bedford, 530, 645
- Bedfordshire, 277
- Biddenham, 495, 531, 532, 680
- Biggleswade, 538
- Bossington, 530
- Cardington, 531
- Dallow Farm, near Luton, 598
- Dunstable Downs, 72, 468
- Harrowden, 531
- Henlow, 536
- Honey Hill, 531
- Houghton Regis, 598
- Kempston, 105, 125, 245, 340, 353, 531, 535
- Leagrave Marsh, 598
- Leighton Buzzard, 91, 530
- Luton, 229
- Maiden Bower, near Dunstable, 69, 281, 301, 310, 334, 374, 376, 379, 415
- Miller’s Bog, near Pavenham, 101
- Sandy, 427
- Summerhouse Hill, 531
- Tempsford, 536
- Wanlud’s Bank, Luton, 68
- BERKSHIRE.
- Abingdon, 103, 389
- Berkshire, 381
- Cherbury Camp, Pusey, 111
- Childrey, 391
- Cholsey, 593
- Cockmarsh, 309
- Gould’s Heath, 393
- Great Shefford, 309
- Grovelands, 591
- Kennet Mouth Pit, near Newtown, 592
- Lambourn Down, 186, 318, 349, 384, 399, 434, 455
- Maidenhead, 174, 591
- Pig’s Green, near Reading, 592
- Reading, 591, 592
- Redlands, 592
- Ruscombe, 591
- Sunninghill, 229
- Sutton Courtney, 389
- Thatcham, near Newbury, 76
- Wallingford, 343, 390, 592
- Wokingham, 592
- BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
- CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
- Aldreth, 390
- Barnwell Gravels, 538, 539
- Bartlow Hills, 68
- Bottisham Fen, 68, 73, 116, 174, 335, 350, 539
- Bottisham Lode, 110
- Bourn Fen, 383
- Burnt Fen, Prickwillow, Ely, 68, 330, 351, 376, 383
- Burwell Fen, 68, 72–75, 88, 92, 93, 107, 109, 115, 125, 174, 175, 178, 191, 263, 332, 336, 340, 343, 351, 390, 538
- Cambridge, 310, 326, 340
- Cambridge Fens, 70, 71, 92, 100, 104, 116, 125, 178, 251, 277, 332, 334, 343, 431, 538, 539, 680
- Cambridgeshire, 77, 202, 251, 439, 443
- Chatteris, 538
- Chatteris Fen, 200, 384
- Chesterford, 139, 194
- Chesterton, 229, 538, 539
- Coldham’s Common, 125
- Coton, 101, 104, 116
- Cottenham, 135, 200, 269
- Digby Fen, 104
- Ely, 202
- Girton, 431
- Grantchester, 129
- Hare Park, 352
- Histon, 103
- Ickleton, 144
- Inglewood Forest, 198
- Isleham, 383
- Jackdaw Hill, 351
- Kate’s Bridge, 104
- Kennett Station, 539
- Litlington, 240
- Manea, 116
- March, 681
- Melbourn, 173
- Newmarket, 229
- Orwell, Wimpole, 222
- Quy Fen, 174, 340, 351
- Rampton, 111
- Reach Fen, 75, 88, 92, 102, 122, 138, 222, 383, 385, 389
- Redmore Fen, Littleport, 228
- Six-Mile Bottom, 539
- Soham Fen, 116, 459, 539
- Swaffham Fen, 92, 95, 110, 125, 191, 343, 431, 539
- Upper Hare Park, 539
- Waterbeach, 681, 687
- Wicken Fen, 68, 389
- Whittlesea Mere, 681
- CHESHIRE.
- CORNWALL.
- Angrowse Mullion, 314
- Bochym, Cury, 130, 242
- Boscregan, 455
- Brane Common, 269
- Carn Brê, 309, 331, 334, 389
- Cornwall, 56, 130, 251, 252, 253, 279, 437, 439
- Falmouth, 107
- Kerris Vaen, 257
- Pelynt, 72, 214
- Rillaton, 448, 449
- St. Agnes, Truro, 389
- St. Just, 84
- Tregaseal, St. Just, 269
- Trevelgue, 210
- Truro, 122, 138
- CUMBERLAND.
- Burns, Keswick, 225
- Carlisle, 202, 255
- Castle Carrock, 330
- Cumberland, 106, 112, 117, 194, 200, 257, 395
- Ehenside Tarn, 133, 152, 200, 251, 259, 265
- Great Salkeld, 117
- Hallgaard Farm, Birdoswald, 224
- Inglewood Forest, 198
- Irthington, 353
- Keswick, 96, 118, 225
- Kirkoswald, 200
- Lazenby Fell, 262
- Melmerby, 240
- Mawbray, 198
- North Lonsdale, 200
- Ousby Moor, 202
- Penrith Beacon, 104
- Plumpton, Penrith, 198
- Red Dial, Wigton, 201
- Rusland, 200
- Solway Moss, 119
- Troutbeck, 200
- Wigton, 117
- DERBYSHIRE.
- Alsop, 467
- Arbor Low, 72, 343, 352, 458
- Ashford-in-the-Water, 443, 467, 632
- Bakewell, 463
- Ballidon Moor, 280
- Belper, 230
- Biggin, 434
- Blake Low, 352
- Borrowash, 197
- Borther Low, Middleton, 398
- Brassington, 389
- Breadsale Moor, 225
- Brierlow, Buxton, 108
- Buxton, 366, 455
- Carder Low, Hartington, 194, 467
- Castleton, 467
- Church Hole Cave, Creswell, 522, 523
- Cow Low, Buxton, 309, 457
- Creswell Caves, 522
- Cronkstone Hill, 309
- Cross Low, Parwich, 149
- Derbyshire Moors, 394, 400
- Derbyshire, 143, 279, 309, 324, 332, 341, 352, 375, 377, 378, 381, 385, 389, 394, 400, 432, 459, 467
- Dow Low, 313
- Elton Moor, 139, 148, 313, 467
- Gospel Hillock Barrow, Buxton, 149
- Green Low, Alsop Moor, 313, 352, 388, 399, 416, 432
- Grind Low, Over Haddon, 458
- Haddon Field, 432
- Harborough Rocks, 372
- Hargate Wall, 457
- Hay-Top Barrow, Monsal Dale, 463
- Hollingsclough, 279
- Hopton, 107
- Hungry Bentley, 394, 463
- Ken’s Low Farm, 214
- Lean Low, Newhaven, 340
- Liff’s Low, Biggin, 91, 148, 295
- Longcliffe, 372
- Mam Tor, 342
- Middleton, 253, 467
- Middleton Moor, 96, 136, 389, 393
- Mining Low, 343
- Monsal Dale, 309, 434
- Mother Grundy’s Parlour, Creswell Crags, 522
- Nether Low, Chelmorton, 352
- Net Low, Alsop Moor, 453
- Newhaven, 343
- Parcelly Hay Barrow, Hartington, 214
- Readon Hill, Ramshorn, 467
- Ringham Low, 377
- Robin Hood’s Cave, Creswell, 522, 523
- Smerrill Moor, 432
- Stanton Moor, 463
- Thor’s Cave, 438
- Three Lows, The, Wetton, 352
- Throwley, 186, 467
- Tideswell, 186
- Upper Edge, 279
- Wetton, 451
- Winster, 198, 259
- Wormhill, Buxton, 96, 104
- DEVONSHIRE.
- Ashbury, 200
- Axminster, 639
- Beer Head, 15
- Blackbury Castle, 279
- Bridge Farm, Tawton, 92
- Brixham, 222
- Brixham Cave, 490, 499, 512–517
- Broad Down, Honiton, 264, 314, 445–7
- Broom, 639
- Burnt Tor, Dartmoor, 200
- Cattedown, Plymouth, 517
- Chagford, 331
- Chard, 639
- Comb-Pyne, 249
- Croyde, 279
- Cullompton, 639
- Dartmoor, 257, 279, 389
- Devonshire, 195, 279, 300, 421, 694
- Happaway Cavern, Torquay, 517
- Hartland, 89
- Hawkchurch, 639
- Holsworthy, 200
- Kentisbeare, 630
- Kent’s Cavern, Torquay, 321, 325, 465, 488–511, 535, 657
- Langtree, 240
- North Bovey, 192
- Penbeacon, Dartmoor, 266
- Plymouth, 389
- Prince Town, Dartmoor, 378, 390
- Thorverton, Exeter, 225
- Tor Bryan Caves, Denbury, 516, 517
- Torre Abbey Sands, Torbay, 415
- Torquay, 116
- Ugborough, 192
- Withycombe Raleigh, 200
- DORSETSHIRE.
- Afflington, 456
- Badbury Rings, 310
- Blandford, 60, 390
- Bradford Abbas, 309, 373
- Creakmoor, Poole, 122
- Dewlish, 638
- Dorsetshire, 77, 248, 249, 279, 301, 389, 432, 691, 694
- Farnham, 75
- Hod Hill, 93, 176, 230, 310, 419
- Isle of Portland, 113, 249
- Iwerne Minster Down, 174, 379
- Jordan Hill, Weymouth, 249
- King Barrow, Stowborough, Wareham, 447
- Knowle, 269
- Langton, Blandford, 125
- Lyme Regis, 35
- Maiden Castle, 70
- Morton, Dorchester, 91
- Pistle Down, 377
- Poundbury Camp, Dorchester, 301, 310
- Povington, 445
- Ridgway Hill, 328, 385
- Tarrant Launceston, 126
- Wareham, 127
- Wimborne Minster, 634
- Winterbourn Steepleton, 210
- Woodcuts Common, 144, 448, 465
- DURHAM.
- ESSEX.
- Audley End, 254
- Barking, 603
- Battlebridge, 583
- Blunt’s Hill, Witham, 75
- Clacton, 687
- Colchester, 193, 578
- East Ham, 603
- Epping Forest, 254
- Epping Uplands, 229
- Felstead, 578
- Forest Gate, 603
- Gray’s, 15
- Gray’s Thurrock, 603
- Great Easton, Dunmow, 173
- Grove Green Lane, Leyton, 603
- Higham Hill, 603
- Ilford, 603
- Lake’s Farm, Camshall Lane, Wanstead, 603
- Lea Marshes, 111
- Lexden Park, Colchester, 578
- Leyton, 603
- Leytonstone, 603
- Littlebury, Saffron Walden, 538
- Little Thurrock, 536, 603
- Mucking, 603
- North End Place, Felstead, 578
- Orsett, 603
- Plaistow, 603
- Quendon, 538
- Rainham, 603
- St. Swithin’s Farm, Barking Side, 603
- Shoeburyness, 604
- Southend, 603
- Stifford, Gray’s Thurrock, 93, 229
- Stratford, 603, 604
- Temple Mills Lane, Stratford, 100
- Tilbury, 603
- Upton, 603
- Wallend, 604
- Waltham, 229
- Walthamstow, 603
- Walton-on-the-Naze, 125, 310
- Wanstead, 603
- West Ham, 603
- Windmill Hill, Saffron Walden, 336
- Wolseys, Dunmow, 351
- GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
- HAMPSHIRE.
- Alton, 595
- Andover, 70
- Ashey Down, Isle of Wight, 469
- Barton, 637, 687
- Barton Cliff, 647
- Basingstoke, 314
- Bembridge, Isle of Wight, 105, 626, 693
- Bere, Forest of, 77, 82
- Bishopstow, 101
- Boscombe, 635, 636
- Bournemouth, 74, 291, 378, 390, 392, 635, 687, 690, 693–696
- Bourne Valley Pottery, 636
- Brown Down, 689
- Brunage, 625
- Chuton Bunny, 637
- Dunmer, 72
- Ellisfield Camp, 72
- Fleming Arms, Swathling, 624
- Fordingbridge, 634
- Foreland, Isle of Wight, 626, 693
- Freemantle, 623
- Hampshire, 81, 92, 100, 279, 687
- Hengistbury Head, 694
- Hill Head, 623, 625, 689
- Hordwell, 687, 694, 707
- Horndean, 389
- Isle of Wight, 78, 101, 687
- Lee on the Solent, 626, 689
- Lichfield, 309
- Milford, 637
- Minley Manor, Blackwater, 125
- Needles, The, Isle of Wight, 691
- New Forest, 687
- Petersfield Heath, 468
- Portsmouth, 111
- Redbridge, 624
- St. Mary Bourne, Andover, 70, 277, 281
- Seaview, Isle of Wight, 626, 693
- Selsey, 693, 701
- Solent, 690, &c.
- Southampton, 623, 688
- Southampton, Town Pit, 624
- Southampton Water, 689
- Southbourne-on-Sea, 498
- Southsea Common, 626
- Stone, 638
- Swathland, 624
- Warsash, 626
- HEREFORDSHIRE.
- King Arthur’s Cave, Whitchurch, Ross, 521
- HERTFORDSHIRE.
- Abbot’s Langley, 78, 87, 139, 291, 301
- Albury, Bishop’s Stortford, 100
- Apsley, 597
- Ashwell, 380, 382
- Ayot St. Peter, 602
- Baldock, 177
- Bayford, 602
- Bearton Green, Hitchin, 536
- Bedmond, 78, 596, 597
- Bengeo, 602
- Bishop’s Stortford, 602
- Bushey Park, Watford, 597
- Caddington, 598, 686, 698
- Eddlesborough and Tring, between, 382
- Fisher’s Green, Stevenage, 602
- Flamstead End, 603
- Harpenden, 601
- Hertford, 602
- Hertfordshire, 70, 277, 664
- Hitchin, 537
- Hitchin and Pirton, between, 114, 437, 536, 685
- Hunsdon, Ware, 389
- Ickleford, Hitchin, 536
- King’s Langley, 572
- Knebworth, 602
- Mount Pleasant, Kensworth, 600
- No Man’s Land, Wheathampstead, 601, 602
- North Mimms, 602
- Panshanger, 101
- Pesterford Bridge, Bishop’s Stortford, 603
- St. Alban’s, 258
- Sandridge, 229
- Stocking Pelham, 603
- Tring Grove, 383, 398, 426, 456
- Verulamium, 283
- Ware, 70, 228, 334, 602
- Watford, 597
- Wellbury, Offley, 190
- Welwyn, 602
- Welwyn Tunnel, 602
- Wheathampstead, 601
- Wigginton, 597
- HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
- KENT.
- Ash, 144, 145, 608
- Aylesford, 610
- Bewley, 608
- Bexley, 103, 357
- Bigborough Hill, Canterbury, 389
- Bigborough Wood, Tunford, Canterbury, 102
- Bishopstone, 613
- Canterbury, 70, 616, 618
- Canterbury, New Cemetery, 620
- Chart Farm, Ightham, 174, 608
- Chatham, 469
- Chatham, Engineering School, 611
- Chilham, 542, 620
- Chislet, 617
- Cobham, 611
- Cockerhurst Farm, Shoreham, 608
- Crayford, 606, 607
- Currie Farm, 605
- Currie Wood, Shoreham, 605
- Dartford Heath, 605
- Dover, Priory Valley, 91
- Erith, 607
- Fane Hill, 608
- Faversham, 611
- Ferry Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 154
- Folkestone, 281, 621
- Galley Hill, 607
- Gillingham, 611
- Green Street Green, 604, 605
- Grovehurst, Milton, 331, 357, 378
- Hampton, 540
- Hartlip, 611
- Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 269
- Herne Bay, 613
- High Street, Chislet, 291
- Hollingbourne, 258
- Horton Kirby, 607
- Ightham, 608
- Isle of Thanet, 309, 331, 334
- Kingsdown, 139
- Kit’s Coty House, 378
- Leeds Castle, 309
- Lewisham, 604
- Lullingstone, 608
- Maidstone, 281, 353
- Marden Church, 610
- Meopham, 611
- Milton, 310
- Milton Street, 607
- Moldash, 612
- Newington, 611
- North Downs, 609, 686
- Northfleet, 607, 686, 703
- Nursted, 611
- Oldbury, Ightham, 92
- Oldbury Hill, 608
- Old Haven Gap, 617
- Ospringe, Faversham, 611
- Otterham Quay, Chatham, 611
- Ramsgate, 389
- Ravensbourne Valley, 604
- Reculver, 613–617, 642
- Regulbium, 283
- Rowton Chapel, Lenham, 618
- St. Mary, Hundred of Hoo, 611
- Sandling, 610
- Seal, 608
- Selling, 612
- Shoreham, 71
- Sittingbourne, 279, 427
- Slade’s Green Pit, Crayford, 606
- Stoke, 611
- Stone Pit Farm, 608
- Stone Street, 608
- Studhill, 617
- Summer Hill, Canterbury, 279
- Swalecliffe, 617
- Swanscombe, 607
- Teynham, 611
- Thanington, 540, 619
- Tunbridge, 309
- Tweedale, 611
- Wear Farm, Chislet, 620
- West Malling, 610
- West Wickham, 248, 295, 310, 334
- Wickham Road, Lewisham, 604
- Wincheap, Canterbury, 619, 620
- LANCASHIRE.
- Ayside, Newby Bridge, Windermere, 198
- Bull Hill, 378, 380
- Claughton Hall, Garstang, 210
- Conishead Priory, 104
- Dean, Bolton, 200
- Furness, 202, 229
- Haydock, Newton, 230
- Heathwaite, Furness, 465
- Hopwood, 200
- Lancashire, 209, 257, 279, 325, 389
- Lancaster, 427
- Liverpool Docks, 168
- Newton, 118
- Saddleworth, 200
- Shaw Hill, Flixton, 118
- Silverdale, 230
- Solway Moss, Longtown, 119, 151
- Torver, 230
- Toxteth, 96
- Wavertree, 389
- Windy Harbour Farm, Pendle, 117
- Winwick, Warrington, 212
- LEICESTERSHIRE.
- LINCOLNSHIRE.
- MIDDLESEX.
- Abney Park Cemetery, 586
- Acton, 589, 590, 591
- Bull’s Cross, Enfield, 603
- Bush Hill Park, Enfield, 603
- Dalston, 586
- Dawley, West Drayton, 591
- Ealing Dean, 589
- Ealing, The Mount, 591
- Edmonton, 603
- Forty Hill, Enfield, 603
- Gunnersbury, 591
- Hackney, 586
- Hackney Downs, 584
- Hanwell, 591
- Highbury New Park, 585
- Hillingdon, 591
- Homerton, 586
- Hounslow, 591
- Hounslow, Heath, 334
- Kingsland, 586
- London, 127, 229, 530, 656
- London, City, 586
- London, Clerkenwell, 583, 586
- London, Drury Lane, 583
- London, Gray’s Inn Lane, 583
- London, Jermyn Street, 583
- London, London Fields, 586
- London, Main Drainage Works, 101
- London, Prince’s Street, Oxford Street, 583
- Lower Clapton, 586, 587
- Mildmay Park, 586
- Mill Hill, 589
- Northwood, Harefield, 102
- Rowan Tree Farm, Lower Edmonton, 603
- Shacklewell, 584, 586
- South Hornsey, 586
- Southwell, 591
- Stamford Hill, 586, 587
- Stoke Newington, 310, 586, 587
- Teddington, 76, 279
- Twickenham, 222
- Upper Clapton, 586
- MONMOUTHSHIRE.
- NORFOLK.
- Ash Wicken, 572
- Attleborough, 390
- Aylsham, 100, 381
- Barton Bendish, 100
- Beachamwell, 100
- Blofield, 100
- Bolton, Great Yarmouth, 100
- Breccles, 100
- Bromehill Pit, Weeting, 560
- Buckenham, 34
- Caistor, 229
- Catton, 15
- Congham, 229
- Corton Beach, Yarmouth, 357
- Cromer, 253, 463, 572
- Dull’s Lane, Loddon, 125
- Dunham, 91
- East Runton, 572
- Eaton, 34
- Elsing, 100
- Feltwell, 174, 458
- Gallows Corner, Aylmerton, 572
- Grime’s Graves, Brandon, 33–35, 40, 72, 77, 125, 248, 277, 281, 322, 390, 431, 451
- Harleston, 228
- Heckingham Common, 103
- Hilgay Fen, 100, 255
- Hunstanton, 150
- King’s Lynn, 572
- Leziate, 572
- Little Cressingham, 460
- Little Dunham, 70
- Lopham Ford, 107
- Lyng, 229
- Massingham Heath, 83
- Narborough, Swaffham, 100
- Narford, 231
- Necton, 202, 390
- Norfolk, 77, 200, 279
- North Walsham, 173
- Norwich, 77
- Oxburgh, 100
- Pentney, 103, 151
- Redhill, Therford, 550, &c.
- Rockland, 223
- Shrub Hill, Feltwell, 96, 390, 550, 568, 569
- South Wootton, 572
- Sporle, Swaffham, 229, 240
- Stanford, 91
- Swannington, 110
- Tasborough, 200
- Thetford, 69, 75, 92, 93, 142, 291, 385
- Thorpe, 91
- Trimingham, 100
- Wereham, Stoke Ferry, 142
- Westacre Hall, 102
- Weston, 90, 139
- West Runton, Cromer, 572
- Whitehill, 550, 556
- Yarmouth, 229
- NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
- NORTHUMBERLAND.
- Alnwick, 199
- Amble, 280
- Barrasford, 200
- Bellingham, North Tyne, 126
- Birtley, 259
- Branton, 126
- Burradon, 103, 116
- Chollerford, 330
- Coldstream, 168
- Doddington, 116
- Eglingham, 463
- Ford Common, 330, 333
- Great Tosson, 453
- Halton Chesters, 105
- Harbottle Peels, 241
- Haydon Bridge, 200
- Helton, 202
- Hipsburn, 200
- Holystone, 194
- Ilderton, 117
- Kielder Burn, North Tyne, 388
- Northumberland, 244, 331
- Percy’s Leap, 235
- Ponteland, 105
- Seghill, 208
- Shilbottle, 200
- Thirstone, 200
- Throckley Fell, 128
- Tosson, Rothbury, 455
- Twisel, Norham, 223
- Weetwood, 253
- Woodhall, Harbottle, 92
- NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
- OXFORDSHIRE.
- Alchester, 144, 442
- Bagley Wood, 593
- Barcoot, Dorchester, 264
- Brighthampton, 294
- Broadwell, 594
- Callow Hill, 281, 309, 376
- Caversham, 592
- Caversham, Henley Road, 592
- Cockshott Hill, Wychwood Forest, 160
- Dorchester, 247
- Dorchester, Dykes, 332, 384
- Eynsham, 101
- Ipsden, 593
- Marston Ferry, 593
- Oxford, 593
- Oxfordshire, 279, 381, 400
- Sarsden House, Chipping Norton, 390
- Shiplake, 592
- Standlake, 125, 389, 398
- Toots Farm, Caversham, 592
- Wolvercote, 593, 594
- SHROPSHIRE.
- Hardwick, Bishop’s Castle, 202
- SOMERSETSHIRE.
- Athelney, 468
- Barwick, 390
- Camerton, 269
- Chard, 639
- Cheddar Pass, 486
- Glastonbury, 200
- Hamden Hill, Ilchester, 396
- Little Solsbury Hill, Bath, 25, 247, 277, 281, 310, 374
- Priddy, 389
- Somersetshire, 281
- Stourton, 192, 200
- West Coker, 249, 259
- West Cranmore, 295
- Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520
- Worle Hill, 283
- STAFFORDSHIRE.
- SUFFOLK.
- Alderton, 102
- Bardwell, 192
- Barrow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 439
- Barton Mills, 390
- Beeches Pit, West Stow, 542
- Botany Bay, Brandon, 568
- Botesdale, 100, 110
- Brandon, 14, 17–21, 427, 550, 562, 568
- Brick-kiln Farm, Brandon, 565, 566
- Bury St. Edmund’s, 91, 174, 540, 656
- Cardwell, 550
- Cavenham, 142
- Clare Castle, 229
- Cross Bank, Mildenhall, 337
- Culford, 88
- Debenham, 91
- Eriswell, 550
- Eye, 229
- Felixstow, 207, 218
- Fornham All Saints, 542
- Gravel Hill, Brandon, 507, 562, 563
- Great Wratting, Haverhill, 229
- Grindle Pit, Bury St. Edmund’s, 540
- Grundisburgh, 100, 223
- Helmingham, 280
- Helperthorpe, 89
- Hepworth, 100, 102
- Herringswell, 539
- High Lodge Hill, Mildenhall, 549, 643, 685
- Hoxne, 373, 390, 530, 573, 574, 577
- Icklingham, 14, 70, 87, 93, 176, 228, 249, 278, 281, 291, 329, 332, 334, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 373–375, 382, 383, 389, 390, 393, 543, 546, 643
- Ipswich, 34, 100, 193, 353
- Kenny Hill, Mildenhall, 78, 295
- Kesgrave, 100
- Lackford, 112, 113
- Lakenheath, 73, 125, 307, 334, 340, 341, 373, 375, 376, 385, 389, 391, 393, 394
- Livermere, 116
- Maid’s Cross, 550;
- Old Churchyard, 566;
- The Broom, Maid’s Cross, 566
- Market Weston, 100
- Martlesham Hill, 89
- Melford Junction, 578
- Melton, Woodbridge, 174
- Mildenhall, 42, 56, 67, 68, 73, 75, 88, 91, 93, 104, 110, 229, 230, 291, 336, 341
- North Stow, 176, 356
- Nowton, 542, 559
- Playford, 101
- Rampart Hill, Icklingham, 539, 543, 544, 545
- Redgrave, 110, 228
- Santon Downham, Thetford, 70, 92, 99, 542, 550, 552, 554–559, 647, 660
- Shelley, 106
- Sicklesmere, Bury St. Edmund’s, 542
- Sproughton, 126
- Stanifield, Bury St. Edmund’s, 228
- Staunton, Ixworth, 389
- Stonham, 281
- Stow Heath, 100
- Stowmarket, 110
- Stutton, 578
- Sudbury, 117, 578
- Suffolk, 71, 89, 177, 248, 277, 279, 301, 307, 310, 324, 328, 332, 335, 337, 377, 381, 382, 383, 391, 393, 395, 400, 419, 539
- Sutton, 111, 231, 427
- Swan Brake, North Stow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 342
- Thetford Warren, 74, 75, 556
- Thingoe Hill, Bury St. Edmund’s, 541
- Thurston, 97
- Troston, 97, 128
- Undley Common, Lakenheath, 94;
- Hall, 100
- Wangford, 389, 562
- Warren Hill, 543, 544, 546, 547
- Warren Lodge, 548
- Westhall, 442
- Westleton Walks, 179
- Westley, 542
- West Stow, 92, 176, 389
- Wilton Heath, 193
- SURREY.
- Anstie Camp, Dorking, 389
- Ash, Farnham, 101
- Battersea Rise, 604
- Carshalton, 351
- Chart Park, Dorking, 389
- Cookham, Maidenhead, 591
- Croydon, 101
- Earley, 592
- Earlsfield, 604
- East Hill, Wandsworth, 604
- East Sheen, 591
- Egham, 101
- Farley Heath, 596
- Farnham, 595
- Frimley, 596
- Godalming, 319
- Hurlingham, 351
- Kingston-on-Thames, 120;
- Chelsea Waterworks at, 150
- Lavender Hill, 604
- Limpsfield, 609, 610
- Lingfield Mark Camp, 389
- Normandy, Wanborough, 228
- Peasemarsh, Godalming, 353, 594
- Peperharrow, 596
- Redhill, 244, 277, 378
- Reigate, 100, 229, 277, 278
- Ridland’s Farm, Limpsfield, 610
- Roehampton, 604
- Sheen, 253
- Sonning, 592
- Surrey, 127, 279, 389
- Titsey, 144, 230
- Walton-on-Thames, 351
- West Hill, Wandsworth, 604
- Wishmoor, 70
- Wisley, 101
- Wracklesham, 596
- SUSSEX.
- Alfriston, 84, 148
- Avisford Bridge, 687
- Bell’s Field, Friston, 622
- Beltout Castle, 281
- Berling Gap, 301, 303, 305
- Bow Hill, 268
- Brighton (Elephant bed), 622
- Cissbury, 32, 33, 35, 72, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 248, 277, 281
- Clayton Hill, 76
- Cliffe, Lewes, 229
- Crow Link Gap, East Dean, 622
- Cuckmare Haven, 304
- Eastbourne, 76, 87, 126, 144, 179, 357
- Hardham, 283
- Hastings, 71, 281, 309, 325, 389
- High Down, Ferring, 314
- Horsham, 389
- Hove, Brighton, 185, 268, 449
- Mitchdean, 154
- Mount Caburn, Lewes, 229, 249, 268, 440
- Mount Harry, Lewes, 174
- Newhaven, 278, 295
- Newhaven and Telscombe, between, 71
- Oving, Chichester, 69
- Pallingham Quay, 229
- Possingworth Manor, Uckfield, 281
- Pulborough, 254
- Pycombe Hill, 93
- Ringwood Gore Farm, East Dean, 94
- St. Leonard’s Forest, Horsham, 229, 295, 389
- Seaford, 71, 149, 249, 278, 295, 309
- Sussex, 68, 84, 277, 279, 301, 419, 443
- Sussex Downs, 32, 36, 79, 101, 248, 263, 307, 310, 319, 400
- Willington Mill, 341
- Windore Hill, Alfriston, 308
- Wolsonbury, 465
- WARWICKSHIRE.
- WESTMORLAND.
- WILTSHIRE.
- Aldbourne, Hungerford, 78, 96, 227, 427, 463, 466
- Alton Down, 377
- Ashford-in-the-Water, 443, 467, 632
- Ashton Valley, 210
- Avebury, 248, 281, 332, 454, 467
- Avebury Down, 309
- Bemerton, 70, 627–629, 632
- Bradford Abbas, 281
- Breamore, 107, 632
- Brigmilston, 280, 314
- Britford, Salisbury, 632
- Bulford, 427
- Bush Barrow, Normanton, 227
- Clarendon, 15
- Collingbourne, 434
- Collingbourne Ducis, 254
- Cop Hill Barrow, Warminster, 434
- Crudwell, 111
- Cutterly Clump, 378
- Downton, 632
- Durrington, 269
- Durrington Walls, 308, 352, 455
- East Kennet, 193
- Elm Grove, Milford Hill, 632
- Everley, 160, 268, 291, 384, 466
- Everley and Amesbury, between, 314
- Fisherton, 628
- Fisherton Anger, 630
- Fovant, 385, 455
- Fyfield, 377
- Galley Hill, 656
- Great Bedwin, 102
- Hacpen Hill, 432
- Hamptworth, 335
- Harnham Hill, 283
- Heytesbury, 254
- Highfield, Salisbury, 251, 538, 629
- Kingston Deverill, 460
- Knook Castle, Upton Lovel, 148
- Lambourn Downs, 186, 308, 318, 349
- Lake, Salisbury, 125, 269, 388, 627
- Liddington, 229
- Littleton Drew, 280
- Long Street Down, 280
- Marlborough, 229, 230
- Mere Down, 427
- Milford Hill, 631–633
- Milton, Pewsey, 390
- Monkton Down, 328
- Morgan’s Hill, 309
- Normanton Down, 267, 269
- Norton, Daventree, 352
- Ogbourne, 377
- Overton Hill, 295
- Ozengall, 283
- Peter’s Finger, Salisbury, 277
- Pewsey, 627
- Pick Rudge Farm, Overton, 339, 380
- Rolston Field, 186
- Rotherley, 309
- Roundway Hill, Devizes, 268, 398, 426
- Rushmore Park, 309
- Salisbury, 627
- Salisbury, Plain, 202
- Selwood, Stourton, 198, 211
- Silk Hill Barrow, 269
- South Newton, 628
- Stanton Fitzwarren, 101
- Stonehenge, 107, 212, 269, 291, 352, 466
- Stourton, 192
- Sutton, 427
- Temple Bottom, 434
- Upton Lovel Barrow Down, 88, 143, 148, 213, 244, 267, 428, 431, 456, 460, 467
- Walker’s Hill, 377
- West Kennet, 248, 250, 263, 277, 280, 291, 294, 309, 432, 463
- Wilsford, 213, 268, 269, 398
- Wiltshire, 77, 83, 244, 260, 267, 279, 310, 352, 385, 389, 396, 397, 456
- Windmill Hill, Avebury, 186, 385
- Winterbourn Bassett, 240
- Winterbourn Stoke, 266, 277, 280, 309, 371, 466
- Wishford, Great Bedwin, 111
- Woodyates Barrow, 385, 397
- WORCESTERSHIRE.
- YORKSHIRE.
- Acklam Wold, 140, 415
- Aldro’, Malton, 205
- Allerston, 189
- Amotherby, Malton, 105, 379, 391
- Athelney, 468
- Baildon Common, 388
- Barmston, 128
- Barugh, 114
- Bempton, 72
- Birdsall, Malton, 126
- Bishop’s Burton, 331
- Bridlington, 124, 125, 176, 242, 251, 290, 295, 307, 322–324, 329, 332, 335, 339, 340, 581
- Brompton, 386
- Brompton Carr, 202
- Broughton-in-Craven, 208, 269
- Buckthorpe, 205
- Butterwick, 374, 453
- Calais Wold Barrow, Pocklington, 371, 377, 455
- Carnaby Moor, 91, 115
- Cawton, 206
- Charleston, Bridlington, 176, 290, 291
- Cleveland, 252
- Cliffe, Carlebury, 389
- Corbridge Fell, 244
- Cowlam, 176, 207, 262, 267, 434
- Coxwold, 206
- Crambe, 125, 345
- Crosby, Garrett Fell, 317
- Dalton, 176
- Danby, North Moors, 211
- Drewton, North Cave, 269
- Driffield, 280, 328, 456
- Duggleby, 140
- Easton, Bridlington, 128, 243
- Egton, 459
- Egton, Bridge, 462
- Etton, 331
- Fimber, 105, 140, 266, 337, 341, 356, 380, 393, 462
- Flamborough, 225
- Flixton, 335
- Folkton Wold, 421
- Fridaythorpe, 105
- Fylingdales, 463
- Ganthorpe, 181
- Ganton, 94, 241
- Ganton, Wold, 73, 89, 267, 335, 336, 356, 358
- Garton, 91, 350
- Gilling, Vale of Mowbray, 119, 120, 339
- Grindale, Bridlington, 96, 249, 375
- Gristhorpe Barrow, Scarborough, 279, 398
- Harome, Ryedale, 133, 221, 343, 344
- Helmsley, 239
- Helperthorpe, 89, 177, 262, 302
- Heslerton Carr, 120
- Heslerton Wold, 202, 224, 357
- Holme, Spalding Moor, 100, 117
- Hull, 202
- Hunmanby, 184, 187, 455
- Huntow, Bridlington, 181, 243, 342, 572
- Jervaux, Bedale, 204
- Kelleythorpe, Driffield, 429
- Kilham, 91
- King’s Field, Bridlington, 91
- Kirby Underdale, 91
- Kirklington, 209
- Lady Graves, Fimber, 91
- Langdale End, 391
- Leeds, 222
- Malton, 46, 105, 128, 135
- Marton, 332
- Mennithorpe, 136
- North Burton, 96
- Northdale, Bridlington, 174, 334
- Northdale Farm, Grindale, Bridlington, 378, 382, 392
- North Holme, 128
- Norton, Malton, 102
- Nunnington, 104, 115, 116, 191
- Osgodby, 122
- Oulston, 106
- Pickering, 148, 197, 207, 250, 253, 279, 291, 352, 459
- Pilmoor, 128, 191
- Potter Brompton Wold, 194, 332
- Ravenhill Tumulus, Scarborough, 143
- Robin Hood Butts, Scarborough, 330
- Rochdale, 389
- Rookdale, 396
- Rudstone, 34, 176, 195, 230, 235, 245, 265, 295, 307, 308, 316, 330, 331, 334, 356, 384, 454, 467
- Rye Bank, Ness, 119
- Ryedale, 136, 344
- Salton, 228
- Sawdon, 89, 415
- Scalby, Scarborough, 202
- Scampston, 126, 438
- Scamridge, 77, 246, 247, 335
- Scamridge Dykes, 121
- Scarborough, 160, 221, 269, 332
- Seackleton, 191
- Seamer, 91, 126
- Seamer Moor, 96, 105, 148, 290, 371, 379, 399
- Settle, 435
- Settle, Victoria Cave at, 505, 524
- Sewerby, Bridlington, 355
- Sherburn, 34, 128, 295, 331, 391
- Sherburn, Carr, 342
- Sherburn, Wold, 333, 380, 385
- Skelton Moors, 198, 211
- Sledmere, 195
- Snainton Moor, 333
- South Back Lane, Bridlington, 129
- South Dalton, Beverley, 190
- Speeton, Bridlington, 125
- Stainton Dale, Scarborough, 198
- Stanwick, 210
- Swinton, Malton, 121
- Thixendale, 128
- Thorn Marsh, 102
- Thwing, 454
- Topcliffe, 268
- Uncleby, 96, 271, 283
- Weapon Ness, 223
- Weaverthorpe, 34, 243, 246, 266, 276, 300, 302, 331, 391, 439
- Weaverthorpe Ling, 461
- Westerdale Moors, 211
- West Huntow, Bridlington, 334
- Wetwang, 356
- Whitby, 187, 191, 196, 295, 343, 459
- Whitwell, 122
- Willerby, 125
- Willerby, Carr, 189, 228
- Willerby, Wold, 89, 180, 334, 374
- Wold Newton, 243
- Wykeham Moor, 331
- York, 92, 96, 150, 334
- Yorkshire, 41, 77, 143, 177, 186, 200, 277, 279, 290, 304, 307, 331, 341, 345, 374, 377, 389, 391, 392, 393, 395, 420, 440–443
- Yorkshire Barrows, 244, 245, 309, 432, 468
- Yorkshire Wolds, 23, 30, 77, 89, 223, 248, 262, 266, 276, 290, 294, 301, 302, 303, 304, 308, 310, 311, 319, 322, 323, 324, 328, 329, 352, 356, 374, 376, 378, 379, 381, 382, 385, 389, 390, 400, 412, 415, 416
- ISLE OF MAN.
- CHANNEL ISLANDS.
- RIVERS.
- Avon, Valley of, 626, 627, 632–634, 692
- Axe, Valley of, 639
- Beane, 602
- Blackwater, 692
- Bourne, Valley of, 631, 636, 637, 695
- Bulbourne, Valley of, 597
- Cam, Valley of, 538, 539
- Chelmer, 578
- Cherwell, 593
- Colne, Valley of, 578, 597
- Cray, Valley of, 604, 605
- Culm, Valley of, 639
- Darent, Valley of, 605–607, 609, 610
- Gade, Valley of, 596, 597
- Gipping, Valley of, 578
- Goldstream, 574
- Hamble, Valley of, 689
- Hiz, Valley of, 536–538
- Itchen, Valley of, 622, 688
- Ivel, Valley of, 536–538
- Kent, Valley of, 542
- Kennet, 592
- Lambourn, 126
- Lark, Valley of, 499, 539–543, 554, 559, 681, 682
- Lea, 229;
- Valley of, 586, 598, 602, 603
- Linnet, 540
- Little Ouse, Valley of, 551–559, 681–683, 707
- Maran, Valley of, 602
- Medway, Valley of, 608, 610
- Misbourne, Valley of, 596
- Nadder, 630
- Nar, or Setchy, 572
- Nene, 681
- Oughton, 536
- Ouse, Valley of, 530, 531, 680
- Ravensbourne, Valley of, 604
- Rea, Valley of, 578, 579
- Severn, at Ribbesford, 210
- Shode, Valley of, 608
- Solent, Valley of the ancient, 635
- Stort, Valley of, 602
- Stour, Valley of, 578, 618, 619, 634, 687–692
- Swale, Valley of, 686
- Teise, Valley of, 610
- Ter, Valley of, 578
- Test, Valley of, 622, 688
- Thames,
- 74, 75, 91, 123, 206, 222, 229, 350, 389, 431, 581;
- Valley of, 581, 604–607, 668, 685;
- at Battersea, 71, 237, 587, 588;
- Chelsea, 588;
- Coway Stakes, Egham, 110;
- Greenwich, 357;
- Hammersmith, 588;
- Hampton Court, 110;
- Kew, 161, 434;
- London, 100, 122, 195, 210, 213, 219, 350, 357;
- London Bridge, 351;
- Long Wittenbam, 337;
- Oxford, 594;
- Parliament Stairs, 194;
- Putney, 588;
- Reading, 143;
- Richmond, 588;
- Teddington, 100;
- Twickenham, 174;
- Wandsworth, 434, 588;
- Windsor, 227, 341, 431
- Thet, 550
- Trent, at Beeston, 210
- Trent or Piddle, Valley of, 638, 692
- Ver, Valley of, 597
- Wandle, Valley of, 604
- Waveney, Valley of, 573, 577, 578, 683, 684
- Wear, 193
- Wey, Valley of, 594–596
- Wiley, Valley of, 628–630
- Wissey, or Stoke, 572
- Wye, 521
- BEDFORDSHIRE.
- WALES.
-
- South Wales, 439
- ANGLESEA.
- Amlwch Parys Mine, 234
- Anglesea, 84, 104, 198, 236, 247, 251, 252, 257, 259, 260, 269, 309, 438, 450, 463
- Caer Leb, Llanidan, 230, 468
- Heneglwys, 281
- Holyhead, Island of, 230, 244, 248, 254, 257, 264, 270, 309, 438, 455
- Llangwyllog, 103, 460
- Llanidan, 234
- Old Geir, 234, 236, 249
- Penmynydd, 468
- Pen-y-bonc, Holyhead, 89, 230, 234, 247, 252, 442, 459
- Ty Mawr, 230, 234, 248, 251, 252, 270, 438, 450, 466
- CARMARTHENSHIRE.
- CARNARVONSHIRE.
- DENBIGHSHIRE.
- GLAMORGANSHIRE.
- MERIONETHSHIRE.
- MONTGOMERYSHIRE.
- PEMBROKESHIRE.
- RADNOR.
- Abbey Cwm Hir, 230
-
- SCOTLAND.
- ABERDEENSHIRE.
- Aberdeenshire, 22, 97, 103, 130, 149, 199, 236, 244, 250, 280, 333, 362, 377, 386, 444
- Ashogall, Turriff, 224
- Ballater, 421
- Ballogie, 428
- Balmoral, 444
- Bogingarry, Old Deer, 89, 94
- Brindy Hill, 117
- Clashfarquhar, 280
- Cloister-Seat Farm, Udny, 388
- Corennie, Hill of, 413
- Critchie, Inverurie, 197
- Cromar, 291, 338, 388, 444
- Crookmore, Tullynessle, 444
- Cruden, 149, 388, 398, 425, 463
- Don River, 22
- Drumkesk, Aboyne, 444
- Dudwick, 420
- Ellon, 390
- Fernie Brae, Slains, 138
- Forgue, 388
- Fyvie, 408, 428
- Gallow Hill, Turriff, 224
- Garioch, Chapel of, 420
- Kildrummy, 388
- Kinellar, 388
- Kintore, 342, 388
- Knockargity, 444
- Leochel River, 22
- Loch Skene, 463
- Migvie, Tarland, 420
- Newburgh, 68
- Newton, 106
- Old Deer, 35
- Rothie, 459
- Slains, 388
- Strathdon, 388, 444
- Tarland, 331, 388
- Towie, 421
- Turriff, 342
- Tyrie, 237
- Udny, 331
- Ythanside, Gight, 230
- ARGYLLSHIRE.
- AYRSHIRE.
- BANFF.
- Alvah, 388
- Balveny, 357
- Banff, 280, 377, 387, 444
- Bowiebank, King Edward, 388
- Cullen, cave near, 252
- Cullen of Buchan, 388
- Cullen, Bin of, 280
- Eden, 388
- Forglen, 296
- Glen Avon, 388
- Glenlivet, 386
- Lesmurdie, 282, 388
- Longman, Macduff, 230, 388
- Mains of Auchmedden, 388
- Montblairy, 386, 420
- Mortlach, 388
- BERWICKSHIRE.
- CAITHNESS.
- CROMARTYSHIRE.
- Cat’s Cairn, 149
- DUMFRIESSHIRE.
- EAST LOTHIAN.
- ELGIN (see also MORAYSHIRE)
- FIFE.
- FORFARSHIRE.
- Aberlemno, 459
- Balcalk, Tealing, 460
- Carmyllie, 388
- Dundee, 89, 92, 114
- Dundee Law, 453
- Dunnichen, 270
- Drumour, Glenshee, 119, 133
- East Braikie, 420
- Forfarshire, 128, 230, 390, 444, 451, 469
- Glamis, 224
- Glenshee, 151, 154
- Guthrie, 353
- Letham, 450
- Leuchland Toll, Brechin, 459
- Lunan-head, 457
- Montrose, Tidal Basin at, 224
- INVERNESS.
- KINCARDINE.
- KINROSS.
- Lochleven, 114
- KINTIRE.
- West Coast of, 263
- KIRKCUDBRIGHT.
- LANARKSHIRE.
- MIDLOTHIAN.
- Cobbinshaw Loch, West Calder, 184
- NAIRN.
- Cawdor Castle, 434
- PERTHSHIRE.
- RENFREWSHIRE.
- Houstoun, 459
- ROSS-SHIRE.
- ROXBURGHSHIRE.
- STIRLINGSHIRE.
- WIGTOWNSHIRE.
- Baldoon, 256
- Burgh-head, 388
- Claycrop, Kirkinner, 220
- Dowalton, Sorbie, 440
- Earlston, 339
- Ervie, Glenluce, 154
- Goldenoch Moor, 240, 241
- Glenluce, 109, 263, 269, 280, 296, 339, 376, 377, 388, 391, 428, 455, 464, 466
- Kirklauchline, 131, 135
- Machermore Loch, 241
- Portpatrick, 230
- Sorbie, 194
- Stranraer, 259
- West Calder, 466
- Wick, 252, 451
- Wigtownshire, 199, 234, 247, 310, 466
- HEBRIDES.
- ORKNEYS.
- Blows Moss, South Ronaldsay, 353
- Firth, 221, 238
- Lingrow, Broch of, Scapa, 221, 271, 416
- Northmavine, 76
- Orem’s Fancy, Stronsay, 468
- Orkneys, 97, 150, 171, 255, 257, 280, 345, 348, 421, 440, 443, 451
- Quoyness, Sanday, 255
- Rousay, 328
- Shapinsay, 269, 387
- Skaill, Underground House of, 255, 281
- Skara, Skaill, 264, 450
- Stronsay, 206
- Unstan Cairn, 372, 415
- SHETLAND ISLANDS.
- Bressay, 256
- Clickemin, Lerwick, 138
- Cunningsburgh, 128
- Easterskild, Sandsting, 346
- Firth, 221
- Hillswick, 345
- Lerwick, 130
- Lunnasting, 124
- Sand Lodge, 440
- Sandsting, 124, 346
- Sandwick, 190
- Scarpiegarth, 221
- Selter, Walls, 124
- Shetland, 116, 122, 123, 124, 130, 135, 138, 150, 208, 221, 234, 236, 252, 255, 345, 346–8, 353, 444, 451
- Tresta, Aithsting, 124
- Trondra, 124
- Unst, Isle of, 450
- West Burrafirth, 116
- Whiteness, 224
- Yell, Isle of, 124
- IRELAND.
-
- Antrim, 310, 358
- Armagh, 115
- Arran, Island of, 469
- Ballykillen Bog, King’s Co., 408
- Ballymena, Antrim, 342, 421
- Bann River, 198, 349;
- Lower, 353;
- Valley of, 286
- Belfast Lough, 286
- Cookstown, Tyrone, 154
- Cork, 234, 251
- Dundrum, Down, 466
- Bay, 20
- Farney, 223, 224
- Ireland, 84, 85, 124, 128, 130, 137, 140, 142, 150, 175, 177, 194, 218, 223, 224, 232, 237, 241, 242, 247, 251, 253, 269, 270, 310, 320, 322, 326, 328, 329, 342, 365, 372, 390, 392, 394, 399, 400, 420, 422, 428, 437, 468
- Kanestown Bog, Antrim, 408
- Kilkenny, 258
- Killarney, 234
- Lough Gur, 224
- Lough Neagh, 77, 175, 181, 291, 649
- Monaghan, 154
- Portglenone, 353
- Toome Bridge, Lough Neagh, 286
- Trillick, Tyrone, 445
- Tullamore, King’s Co., 224
- Ulster, 73, 92, 286
-
- FRANCE
- ARDÈCHE.
- Du Charnier, 327
- AUBE.
- Troyes, 527
- AVEYRON.
- BRITTANY.
- CORRÈZE.
- Department of, 528
- CÔTE D’OR.
- Labruyère, 144
- DAUPHINÉ.
- Province of, 133
- DORDOGNE.
- EURE ET LOIRE.
- FINISTÈRE.
- Department of, 141
- FRANCE.
- GARD.
- GERS.
- Pauilhac, Valley of Gers, 286
- GIRONDE.
- Department of, 401
- LOIRE INFÉRIEURE.
- LORRAINE.
- Province of, 286
- LYONNAIS.
- Mont d’Or, 244
- MACONNAIS.
- District of the, 528
- MORBIHAN.
- NIÈVRE.
- Department of, 528
- NORD.
- Quiévy, 528
- OISE.
- PÉRIGORD.
- Province of, 101
- PICARDY.
- Province of, 246
- POITOU.
- SEINE.
- SEINE INFÉRIEURE.
- SOMME.
- Abbeville, 68, 258, 527
- Amiens, 77, 241, 527, 698
- Camp de César, Pontrémy, 174
- Drucat, 707
- Menchecourt, Abbeville, 701
- Mesnil-en-Arronaise, 187
- Miannay, Abbeville, 109
- Montiers, 69, 77, 541, 616, 642, 701
- Porte Marcadé, 555
- St. Acheul, 483, 526
- Somme River, 647
- Somme Valley, 69, 160, 262, 490, 526, 554, 584, 698
- Thenay, 528, 658
- Thézy, 528
- TOURAINE.
- Province of, 30
- YONNE.
- Sens, 528
- ARDÈCHE.
- AUSTRIA.
- BELGIUM AND NETHERLANDS.
-
- Aerschot, 161
- Belgium, 71, 72, 87, 92, 97, 113, 262, 278, 286, 310, 318, 396, 470, 475, 478, 481
- Brussels, 109
- Curange, 528
- Flanders, 145
- Gelderland, 232, 391, 403
- Ghlin, 23
- Groningen, 205
- Hasledon, 402
- Heistert, Roermond, 403
- Holland, 58
- Luxembourg, 262, 403
- Maffles, 109
- Mesvin, 528
- Meuse, District of, 325
- Mons, 90
- Namur, 396
- Samson, 397
- Spiennes, Mons, 27, 34, 77, 80, 93, 248, 278, 354
- Trou de Chaleux, 318, 501
- Winterswyk, 163
- Yvoir, 402
-
- GERMANY.
-
- Bavaria, 58, 469
- Berlin, 163
- Bohemia, 51, 101
- Brandenburg, 186, 253
- Brunswick, 191
- Camenz, 49
- Cracow, 358
- Dienheim, 160
- Gerdauen, 187
- Germany, 22, 57, 58, 145, 160, 177, 181, 182, 184, 194, 197, 205, 232, 244, 297, 353, 396, 403, 404, 408, 529
- Gonsenheim, Mainz, 144
- Hanover, 435
- Inzighofen, Sigmaringen, 404
- Island of Rügen, 252
- Jülich, 64
- Kästrich, Gonsenheim, 109
- Lang Eichstätt, 163
- Lüneburg, 194, 468
- Mainz, 182, 191, 267
- Martha’s Hof, Bonn, 58
- Mitterberg, Bischofshofen, 234
- Monsheim, 252, 268
- Moravia, 58
- Neverstorff, Schleswig Holstein, 310
- Ochsenfurt, Lower Franconia, 431
- Oldenburg, 404
- Oldenstadt, Lüneburg, 232
- Pomerania, 403
- Posen, 296
- Prenzlow, 431
- Prussia, 252, 294
- Rhenish-Hesse, 286
- Rhine, 259, 271, 404
- Schleswig, 448
- Schraplau, 163
- Scudnitz, Schweinitz, 191
- Sigmaringen, 177
- Soden, 136
- Thuringia, 403
- Torgau, 63
- Trier, 315
- Uelzen, Hanover, 185
- Weser and Elbe, district between, 163
- Wesseling on the Rhine, 109
- Wiesbaden, 283
-
- GREECE.
- ITALY.
-
- Bergamo, 403
- Brescia, 337
- Brionio, Veronese, 386
- Ceppagna, Molise, 529
- Civitanova, Piceno, 403
- Cumarola, Modena, 402
- Elba, Island of, 310, 367, 403
- Gabbiano, Abruzzo, 529
- Imola, 200
- Imolese, 529
- Italy,
- Majorca, 357
- Mantua, 391
- Mercurago, Arona, 402
- Perugia, 367, 396, 403, 529
- Piedmont, 242
- Sicily, 114
- Telese, Pæstum, 327, 333, 354
- Tiber Valley, 529
- Tuscany, 333
- Varese, Lago di, 267, 268, 396, 402
- Vercelli, 333
- Vibrata, Valley of, 402
-
- PORTUGAL.
- RUSSIA.
-
- Aleutian Islands, 48, 166
- Archangel, 404
- Armenia, Russian, 169
- Caucasus, 169, 405
- Courland, 184
- Ekaterinoslav, 404
- Finland, 181, 186, 215
- Kiev, 358
- Koulpe, salt-mines of, 169
- Kozarnia, Poland, 332
- Lithuania, 47, 181, 194
- Livonia, 184
- Moscow, 358
- Olonetz, 278, 404
- Russia, 181, 205, 215, 310, 355, 358, 456, 529
- Siberia, 181, 245, 488
- Vladimir, 78, 354, 372
- Volhynia, 358
-
- SPAIN.
-
- Albuñol, 287
- Andalusia, 105, 333, 403
- Cadiz, 130
- Cantabria, 65
- Cerro Muriano, 234
- Cordova, 234
- Cueva de los Murciélagos, 262
- Genista Cave, Gibraltar, 252, 287, 428, 433
- Gibraltar, 177, 182
- Manzanares Valley, 529, 653
- Milagro, 234
- San Isidro, Madrid, 529
- Spain, 44, 58, 247, 252, 284, 296, 396, 403, 428
- Villanueva del Rey, 234
-
- SWITZERLAND.
-
- Agiez, Vaud, 185
- Attersee, 357
- Auvernier, 310
- Bodmann, 22, 357
- Bully, Neufchâtel, 528
- Concise, 158, 161, 232
- Cortaillod, 418
- Geissboden, moss of, 409
- Greug, 281
- Inkwyl, 348, 470
- Lausanne, 327
- Meilon, 323
- Moosseedorf, 22
- Nussdorf, 167, 246, 292, 310, 402
- Robenhausen, 15, 155, 159, 432
- Sipplingen, 167, 182
- Swiss Lake Dwellings, 43, &c.
- Switzerland, 46, 47, 51, 136, 162, 167, 170, 177, 182, 191, 232, 242, 250, 262, 267, 292, 402, 408, 443
- Ueberlinger See, 167, 402
- Unter Uhldingen, 16
- Vaud, Canton de, 287
- Wauwyl, 22
- Zurich, 269
-
- TURKEY IN EUROPE.
- AFRICA.
-
- Accra, 127
- Æthiopia, 368
- Africa,
- Aleppo, 284
- Alexandria, 169
- Algeria, 182, 287, 405
- Assiut, 369
- Cape Colony, 653
- Cape of Good Hope, 248, 310
- Capetown, 288
- Diamond Fields, 653
- East London, 653
- Egypt, 51, 60, 113, 167, 169, 214, 223, 247, 277, 284, 287, 293, 297, 320, 344, 354, 358, 359, 368, 391, 394, 395, 417, 652
- Embabaan, Swaziland, 653
- Gafsa, Tunis, 652
- Gold Coast, 60, 127, 231
- Grahamstown, 288
- Helouan, Egypt, 297, 325
- Issutugan River, Somaliland, 652
- Kolea, Algeria, 652
- Kahun, 45
- Libyan Desert, 287
- Madeira, 284
- Medum, Egypt, 170
- Natal, 322, 653
- Naucratis, 242, 243
- Ousidan, Algeria, 652
- Palikao, Algeria, 652
- Port Beaufort, Cape of Good Hope, 241
- Port Elizabeth, 653
- Process-fontein, Victoria West, 653
- Qûrnah, Egypt, 71
- Sahara, 405
- Somaliland, 652, 653
- Southern Shoa, 299
- Spring of Moses, Cairo, 652
- Teneriffe, 284
- Thebes, 71;
- tombs of the Kings at, 652
- Tunis, 405
- Wady Maghara, 6, 234, 405
-
- AMERICA.
-
- Alabama, 219
- Alaska, 25
- America,
- Araucania, 406
- Arica, 407
- Barbados, 182
- Bolivia, 157, 169, 178, 232, 239
- Brazil, 59, 157, 166
- California, 37, 231, 268, 293, 409;
- Canada, 182
- Cape Lisburne, 37
- Cayuga County, New York, 71, 244
- Chili, 231, 406, 407
- Chiriqui, 103
- Cloud River, 25, 39
- Comayagua, Spanish Honduras, 337
- Copiapo, 406
- Costa Rica, 141
- Delaware Water Gap, 247;
- River, 241
- Greenland, 241, 246, 286, 294, 404, 405
- Guadaloupe, 155, 218
- Guiana, 169;
- Honduras, 78, 337, 353
- Icy Cape, 292, 347
- Jamaica, 129
- Kotzebue Gulf, 38
- Lake Erie, 237;
- Superior, copper-mines near, 235
- Merrimac Valley, 257
- Mexico, 23, 24, 39, 155, 191, 216, 239, 278, 288, 289, 290, 294, 310, 354, 406, 439
- Missouri, 80
- Napo River, Ecuador, 170
- Newfoundland, 182, 310, 406
- New Granada, 407
- New Jersey, 355
- New Mexico, 367
- New York, State of, 237
- Nootka Sound, 157, 434
- Ohio Valley, 50, 288
- Oregon, 406
- Patagonia, 322, 406, 422
- Pemberton, New Jersey, 58
- Pennsylvania, 268
- Peru, 24, 232, 239, 407
- Puget’s Sound, 166
- Queen Charlotte’s Islands, 25
- Quito, 142
- Rio Frio, Nicaragua, 155
- Rio Grande, Patagonia, 406
- Rio Negro, Patagonia, 52, 406
- St. George’s Sound, 235
- St. Isabel, Brazil, 257
- South Carolina, 136, 232, 257
- Smith’s Sound, 15
- Snake River, 40
- Straits of de Fuca, 166
- Surinam, 169
- Tennessee, 171, 337
- Tezcuco, Mexico, 355
- Tierra del Fuego, 15, 39, 299, 406, 498
- Trenton, New Jersey, 80, 654
- Vancouver’s Island, 236
- Victoria River, 26
- Virginia, 40
- West India Islands, 129
- Yucatan, 78
-
- ASIA.
-
- Abu Shahrein, S. Babylonia, 651
- Abydos, 45, 393, 395
- Abyssinia, 250
- Arabian Desert, 278, 286
- Arconum, India, 232
- Asia, 277;
- Minor, 126, 127
- Assam, 59, 114
- Banda District, India, 325
- Bethsaour, Bethlehem, 652
- Bundelcund, 88
- Burma, 59, 158
- Cambodia, 60, 158, 181
- Ceylon, 445
- Euphrates Valley, 653
- Ghenneh, Wady Sireh, Sinai, 405
- Hissar, Damghan, Persia, 405
- Hyderabad, 651
- India, 62, 97, 126, 127, 140, 141, 158, 232, 262, 278, 405, 468, 481, 650, 654
- Indus River, 23
- Jerusalem, 652;
- Nablus road from, 287
- Jubbulpore, 232, 276, 288
- Madras Presidency, 89, 651
- Mahanuddy River, 23
- Malprabba Valley, 651
- Mount Lebanon, 405
- Mount Sinai, 405
- Mount Tabor, 652
- Muquier, S. Babylonia, 114
- Narbada Valley, 651
- Orissa, 651
- Pergamum, 232
- Persia, 306
- Ranchi, Chota-Nagpore, 405
- Siam, 121
- South Mahratta, 651
- South Mirzapore, 651
- Tiryns, 403
- Trichinopoly, 239
- Troy, site of, 187, 206, 235, 253, 297, 418, 439
- Upper Scinde, 23
- Vindhya Hills, 325
- Yun-nan, Southern China, 110, 114, 127
-
- OCEANIA, &c.
-
- Admiralty Islands, 156, 288, 498
- Australia, 25, 80, 82, 85, 97, 137, 166, 167, 170, 171, 243, 245, 250, 277, 288, 293
- Borneo, 97
- Carandotta, Australia, 293
- Caroline Islands, 164
- Celebes, 162
- Easter Island, 289
- Entrecasteaux Islands, 162
- Fiji, 164
- Hervey Islands, 76
- Japan, 59, 97, 114, 116, 128, 181, 322, 355, 358, 405
- Java, 59, 114
- King George’s Sound, 293
- Malay Peninsula, 121
- Mangaia, 167
- Murray River, Australia, 167, 293
- New Caledonia, 162, 163, 164, 210, 419
- New Guinea, 162, 216
- New Hanover, Island of, 156
- New Ireland, 167
- New Zealand, 45, 48, 52, 138, 166, 172, 178, 216
- Perak, 114
- Polynesia, 69, 167, 420
- Queensland, 293
- Samoa, 439
- Savage Islands, 166, 418
- Solomon Islands, 182
- South Sea Islands, 166
- Tahiti, 167, 263, 419
- Tasmania, 171, 468
- Torres Straits, 216
-
-