The Annals of the Cakchiquels

176. Juan Rogel was one of the “oidores.”

177. Alonso Lopez Cerrato entered upon his duties in Guatemala May 26, 1548.

179. Pedro Ramirez de Quiñones. The actor in this attempt was one of the oidores. Bancroft, who refers to the quarrel between the Governor and Bishop Marroquin, does not satisfactorily explain it. See his Hist. of Central America, Vol. II, pp. 326-7. On Ramirez, see Juarros, Hist. Guatemala, Tom. I, pp. 235-6.

181. Antonio Rodriguez de Quezada took possession of the Presidency of Guatemala Jan. 14, 1554, and retained it till his death in November, 1558; he was succeeded by Pedro Ramirez. (Comp. Juarros, I, p. 255, with Bancroft, Hist. Cent. Am., II, p. 358, who says 1555.)

181. “There was but little between them,” Xa a halal qui cohol ahauh; this expression is not clear. There appears to be considerable vagueness in the writer’s chronology in this passage.

“He did not condemn any one, because he had no time,” Mani xuban ru atbaltzih, mani xyaloh; an ignorant statement, since he held the Presidency about four years.

The reading of the last sentence is doubtful.

182. Vico was killed in the summer of 1555.

184. The expedition against the Lacandons took place early in 1559.

[209]

VOCABULARY.

• A, n. A year; the thigh; pron. thy.
• Abah, n. A stone; a jar; the private parts.
• Aca, part. Related, affined. See p. 32.
• Ach. A prefix indicating companionship.
• Achak, n. Excrement, offal, refuse, waste.
• Achcayupil, n. Quilted cotton defensive armor; or perhaps a two-pointed lance; from ach, united; cay, two; uopih, to wound with a lance. See p. 18.
• Achii, n. Man (vir).
• Achpe, v. To accompany one.
• Achpetic, n. That which accompanies one.
• Achya, v. To receive (Brasseur); to give with.
• Achyaic, n. That which is given along with something else; yaic, passive verbal from ya, to give.
• Acoih, v. (For the more usual oçih). To strike or beat, especially a drum.
• Ah, n. Name of a day. A prefix. Gram. p. 55.
• Ahauh, n. Ruler, chief, lord. See p. 36.
• Ahauarem, n. Majesty, power.
• Ahcic, adv. Up, above, on top.
• Ahilah, v. To count or reckon with grains of corn or cacao, after the Indian fashion.
• Ahilan, v. To count, to number.
• Ahlabal, n. Warrior, fighting man. See Labal.
• Aho, v. To wish, to like.
• Ahpop, n. The head chief. “El cacique mayor. See p. 36.
• Ahpopamahay, n. An official messenger, especially an official sent to collect tribute. See p. 36.
• Ah-tzih, n. Speaker, orator. See p. 37.
• Ah-ib, n. A scribe.
• Akah, n. A hornet.
• Akan, n. Leg, foot.
• Al, n. Son, child.
• [210]Alabil, n. Slave, servant.
• Alah, v. To bear, to carry; hence, to bring forth, to give birth to, as a woman a child.
• Alan, v. To ridicule, depreciate.
• Ama, n. Village, tribe, region or district. See p. 33.
• An, part. An emphatic particle, truly, really.
• Aneh, v. To flee, escape.
• Anom, n. A fugitive.
• At, pron. Thou.
• Atiniçah, v. To bathe.
• Avan, n. Crops, plantings.
• Aa, n. Night, darkness.
• Aaxah, v. To hear, to listen to.

• Bak, v. To bore. n. A bone.
• Bala, adv. Where.
• Balam, n. A tiger.
• Balbaxin, adj. Twisted, interlaced, dense.
• Ban, v. 1. To make, to do, or cause to do. 2. To ask. 3. To dress, or arrange one’s apparel.
• Bay, n. A mole, a ground animal.
• Ba, n. What is spun, as cotton, or drawn into fine threads as gold. n. A monkey.
• Be, v. To go.
• Belehe, adv. Nine.
• Bey, n. Path, road, route.
• Bi, n. A name; ru bi, his or its name.
• Bijh, v. To speak, to talk.
• Bijn, v. To walk, to go on foot.
• Birbot, v. To make a loud, rumbling noise. Ti birbot, ti nicnot, it roars and it rumbles, of the volcano (Varea).
• Bitol, n. The creator. See p. 40.
• Bix, n. 1. Songs, chants, poems. 2. Sparks from a fire (p. 17).
• Bok, v. To tear up; to pull down; to sell for another; to translate: to defeat.
• Bol, v. To make deep trenches in the soil (“as the Indians of the Sierra.” Varea).
• Boleh, v. To go in a row, in a series, or in a procession. Applied to mountains, when one rises upon another (Varea).
• Boz, vn. To issue forth; hence, of flowers, to open, to blow; of a butterfly, to come forth from the cocoon; of chicks, to[211] come from the egg; of grains of maize, to burst; of men, to proceed from, to be born; xeboço, the absolute form.

• Cabih, n. Day after to-morrow.
• Cacouh, n. Cacao.
• Cah, n. The sky, heaven, the atmospheric region.
• Cah, or Cahi, adv. Four.
• Cahlahuh, adv. Fourteen.
• Cahmah, v. To meet a repulse, defeat.
• Cak, adj. Red.
• Cakix, n. A bird. See p. 199.
• Cal, n. That which is united or joined.
• Camel, n. A mortal. Adj. Humble.
• Camiçah, v. To kill, to slay, to destroy.
• Can, adv. Remaining, aforesaid, already. See Gram., p. 65.
• Cana, n. A captive taken in war.
• Canah, v. To remain, to leave; ti canay, neuter, it appears, it is found.
• Cani, adv. Soon, shortly.
• Canoh, v. To seek, to search for.
• Car, n. Fish, generic name.
• Cauh, n. Ornaments, adornments.
• Cavach, n. Likeness, resemblance.
• Cavuh, Cauh, v. To place anew, to notify, to prepare; to change, to put on again.
• Cay, adv. Two.
• Ca, n. Cock (Br).
• Cib, n. Smoke, vapor.
• Civan, n. A ravine, barranca.
• Ci, v. To lift up the voice, n. Shoutings.
• Co. A concessive particle. Good! Bravo! Courage! On!
• Col, v. To free, to liberate; to redeem, to save; xoh ru col J. C. chuvach cruz. Christ redeemed us on the cross.
• Coon, n. For cun, pudenda of a woman (Xim); hence, woman.
• Cot, n. The eagle.
• Cou, n. Something rough and violent.
• Couiricah, v. To strengthen, to invigorate.
• Covil, adj. Bold, courageous.
• Coz, v. To rest.
• Cucu, n. Large vase for water.
• Cuçul, n. Cradle.
• [212]Cuke, v. To seat onesself.
• Cuker, v. To be seated; to be content.
• Cumatz, n. A serpent (gen). An eel.
• Cunum Cachak. See p. 206.
• Cuyuh, n. A species of parrot.

• Ça, v. To expose or show to the sun; to dry. Met.; çao ru vach, to show one’s face, to recover power.
• Çach, v. To lose, to become lost.
• Çak, adj. White; bright; light. n. A white or clear thing. A clearing in the forest, cleared land (Varea).
• Çahcab, n. p. 12, for
• Çakcab, n. Literally, white honey; white varnish (Brasseur). Probably “war paint.”
• Çaker, v. To make white, light or clear. To clear a space in the forest (Varea). See p. 199.
• Çakcorovach, n. The dove or quail.
• Çakquiy, n. The maguey, used in making rope, etc.
• Çaih for Çakih, n. Literally, white days, applied to the spring of the year. See p. 198.
• Çamahel, n. Messengers.
• Çanay, n. Sand.
• Çaul, n. A plantain; in gen. any kind of vegetable.
• Ça, n. Locusts.
• Çe, v. To row.
• Çel, n. A large painted vase for bathing (jicara pintado, Anon).
• Çeteçic, adj. Circular, rounded. See p. 18.
• Çipah, v. To present, to offer.
• Çol, v. for Tzolih, q. v.
• Çol, v. To upheave, to make a revolution.
• Çolo, v. To turn about; to return; to go back.
• Ço, n. A bat.
• Çubak, n. A kind of flute.
• Çutulakin, v. To render homage.
• Çuq, n. A cloud, the clouds.

• Cha, v. To say, to tell, to speak.
• Chacan, v. To cover, enclose; to be within or on.
• Chactit ?, from Cha, something tied or sewed.
• Chăh, n. The pine tree, the ocote pine.
• Chah, n. Ashes, cinders.
• [213]Chapalcivan, n. See p. 197.
• Chahih, v. To guard, to watch; to protect; to keep. Chahal çivan, the guard of the ravine. See Gram., p. 42.
• Chahir, v. To burn, to reduce to cinders. From chah.
• Chaomal, n. Beauty, fruitfulness.
• Chaomar, v. To yield abundantly.
• Chap, v. To seize, to take, to take possession of.
• Chay, n. A stone. See p. 18.
• Chaabeh, v. To receive with pleasure, to take gladly.
• Chee, n. Wood, stick, tree.
• Chi, n. Mouth; aperture, opening; gate; mouth of a river; coast of the sea; edge or border.
• Chi. 1. With, by, to, for, against. 2. In order to, that, and 3. While, during, being.
• Chic. 1. A verbal particle, denoting past time. 2. Already, more. Before vi, the c is dropped, as hun chi vi, once more.
• Chicah. Above, upon, upwards.
• Chicohol. Between yourselves.
• Chicop. A brute, an animal as distinguished from man; met.; a brutish man. See p. 39.
• Chiih (chi ih). Upon, on.
• Chila. There, that way.
• Chin. For, by, by means of, thus.
• Chinak, interrog. Who, which, what?
• Chinamit, n. Town, village. See p. 32.
• Chique. To, for those.
• Chiquichin. To, for those.
• Chiquih. Against those.
• Chire. To, for him, that one.
• Chirih. Behind, against that one; from, out of.
• Chivach. Before yourselves.
• Chive. To, for, against yourselves.
• Cho. To, for, in, until, towards.
• Chocola, adj. In common, communal.
• Cholol, v. To place in order, to arrange.
• Chom, n. A lobster.
• Choy, n. A lake.
• Chucohol, prep. Among, between.
• Chuluc, n. Urine.
• Chun, n. Lime.
• Chunah, v. To whitewash.
• [214]Chupam, prep. Within, in.
• Chuvi, prep. Upon, over, on; chuvi huyu, on or upon the mountain.

• Echa, n. Edible fruits and vegetables. A generic word.
• Elah, v. To humble, to submit to.
• Elebal, n. The place whence something comes forth; as relebal çib, the exit of the smoke, i. e., the chimney (Varea); hence, relebal ih, the sunrise.
• Eleah, v. To steal, to rob.
• Eleom, n. A thief, a robber.
• Et, n. A mark, sign. v. To mark, designate.
• Etamah, v. To know, to understand; from et, a mark or sign.

• Ha, pron. He, it, that one; it is so; ha ri, it is thus; ha ok, at that time, then, when.
• Hab, n. Rain.
• Hach, v. To divide, to separate.
• Hak, v. To open (a door, the mouth, etc).
• Hal, v. To change, to alter. See p. 46.
• Halal, adv. A little, briefly.
• Halebal, n. That by which one changes or transforms himself, a magic power; an instrumental form from hal, to change one’s garments, etc. See p. 46.
• Halizin, n. A change, an alteration; a change of raiment; the hair of the head (Br).
• Hay, n. House, home. See p. 33.
• He, pron. Those, their.
• Hetah, adv. See Tak.
• He, v. To drive or force away.
• Hilil, v. To thunder, to rumble.
• Hique, v. For hique, q. v.
• Hit, v. To promise, make vows; to offer.
• Hiuh, v. To ardently desire, to covet.
• Hi, v. To hang.

• Hol, Holih,

  }

  v. To concede, grant.

• Holom, n. The head, a chief.
• Homet, n. Bark of trees.
• Hote, v. To rise, to go up, to mount.
• Hox, n. Branch of a tree.
• [215]Hox, v. To copulate, of men or beasts.
• Hoye, part. Expressing compassion.

• Hoyevah, Hoye ru vach,

  }

  v. To have compassion, to extend mercy, to spare.

• Hucu, n. A boat, canoe; a large dish.
• Hucumah, adv. Soon, promptly.
• Hul, n. A hole, a pit, a grave, etc.
• Huley, adj. Deep, profound.
• Huluhut or Hulhut, n. Something burning, on fire.
• Hun, adv. One; a or an.
• Hunamah, v. To make equal, to make ready, prepare.
• Hunchic, adv. The other.
• Hutak, adv. See Tak.
• Huiçic, adv. Only, alone, solely.
• Huyu, n. Mountain, hill, mound; a land or country, or place of residence (nu huyubal, mi pueblo, Varea). The interior as opposed to the coast. See Taah.

• Ikan, n. A load, a burden, tribute, tax.
• Ikia, n. The right hand. a hand.
• Il, v. a. To reach, to get, to see, to obtain; n. to get to, to arrive at.
• Il, n. Fault, blame.
• In, pron. I.
• Ixim, n. Maize.
• Ixok, n. A woman.
• Io, v. To pass on or beyond; to exceed, surpass.
• Iovibeh, v. To go on, or beyond.

• Ka, pron. Our.
• Kaçah, v. To put down, to conquer, to destroy.
• Kah, v. To descend, descending. See Gram., p, 64.
• Kahibal, n. The place of descent; hence, kahibal ih, the sunset.
• Kel, v. To disobey.
• Ki, part. An interrogative; also, denoting affirmation; often used merely to give strength to an assertion. Gram., p. 71.
• Koch, n. The crow.
• Kul, n. The neck.
• Kup, v. To seize, take by force.
• Kuruh, v. To draw or drag out or on.

• [216]Lab, n. A portent, an augury. See pp. 39, 47.
• Labal, n. An enemy, opponent.
• Labalih, v. To make war, to fight. See p. 47.
• Lehah, v. To fall sick; to grow weak; to be overcome or conquered.
• Lakam, n. The war banner, “bandera de la guerra.”
• Lakeh, v. To bring, to carry, to give.
• Lam, n. The hard part; trunk of a tree, etc.
• Lamaba. To detain one, to prevent him from going.
• Laabeh, v. To enter into a place, to dwell there; to occupy as a residence (entrar á morar en casa. Varea).
• Laeh, v. To join or unite two things; especially to unite in the sexual act.
• Lob, n. Magical power.
• Lol, n. The silence or state of desertion left by a pestilence, etc. See p. 38.
• Lo, v. To prize, to hold dear, to esteem.

• Macamo, v. To take alarm, to be frightened, to wonder at.
• Maha, adv. Even not, not yet.
• Mahanick, adv. Before that, previous to.
• Malohic, n. A preparation of maize (?).
• Mam, n. Grandchild.
• Mama, n. An old man; pl. mamaa, the old men; nu mama, my ancestors; also the rulers of a village; applied to animals it means the male of the species.
• Mani, adv. No, not.
• May, v. A cycle, especially of 20 years. May ih, a calendar for calculating cycles. See p. 31.
• Meal, n. A daughter.
• Meba, adj. Poor.
• Meh, n. A gable in a roof; an angle; a fold in clothing, etc.
• Meho, v. To make an angle or fold; hence, to go to a place and return from it.
• Mem, n. A dumb man; to be dumb.
• Mez, n. A cat. See p. 44.
• Meztah, v. To forget.
• Meen, adj. Warm, hot.
• Mi, adv. Particle, denoting recent past time, prefixed to form the proximate preterit tense.
• Mier, adv. Already, previously.
• [217]Mih, v. To tear up, to tear out or down.
• Mihoh, v. To lie to, to deceive; to ridicule, to laugh at, to mock.
• Mol, v. To gather together scattered things, to fill up, to collect.
• Moyeuh, n. A fog, the mist.
• Muh, n. Shade, shadow; hence, fig. protection, guardianship. See p. 20.
• Muk, v. To hide, to conceal; to bury.
• Mun, adj. Hungry, n. A slave. See p. 39.

• Na, adv. A particle denoting priority, from nabey, first; hence, navipe, and, also, next, until, presently. See Gram., p. 65.
• Na, v. To know, to learn.
• Nabey, adv. First.
• Nabeyah, v. To be first.
• Naek, adv. Although, but.
• Nano, v. To receive more than another.
• Nanoh, adj. Known, said; hence, xa nanoh, already known, aforesaid, etc. From na, to know.
• Naval, n. Knowledge, wisdom; especially occult knowledge, magic, sorcery. See p. 46.
• Nicnic, v. To quiver, to tremble.
• Nima, adj. Great, n. A great thing.
• Nimah, v. To make great, to adore.
• Nimal, n. The elder brother; the head of a home.
• Niah, n. The middle, the center.
• Niahal, n. The middle parts of anything; the sexual parts, etc
• Nu, pron. My, mine.

• Oc, v. To enter.
• Ochoch, n. House. See p. 33.
• Ocox, n. Fungus, of the edible variety.
• Oh, pron. We.
• Oh, adv. Sign of the imperative. Oh a ama pe lae queh, Bring that horse (Varea).
• Ohb, n. A cough.
• Oher, adv. Formerly, in ancient times.
• Ok, adv. When; also the imperative particle.
• Okok, n. Wild goose.
• Oqueçah, v. To put something in something; hence, to put on[218] one’s clothes, to dress onesself. From oc, to enter. Met. to obey.
• Oro, v. To bore, to pierce, to hollow out.
• Oxlahuh, adv. Thirteen.
• Oyevar, v. To become angry.
• Oyobeh, v. To hope.
• O, v. To weep, to cry.
• Oeh, n. A wail, a weeping. v. To bewail.

• Pa, prep. In, to; tan qui be pa huyu, I am going to the mountain pa hay, in the house. Before a vowel, pan is used.
• Pac or Pacay. The anona, the custard apple.
• Pacac, v. To dawn.
• Pae, v. To be on foot, to stand, to be at.
• Palah, v. To annoy, to bother.
• Palouh, n. The ocean, the sea; called also nima ya, the great water. See p. 195.
• Patan, v. Tribute, tax. See p. 39.
• Pax, v. To break; to put to flight, to scatter.
• Paz, n. Swathing bands; folding robes.
• Pe, v. To come. Often used in a peculiar gerundive sense, as a verbal particle. See Gram., p. 64.
• Pek, n. The fruit tree called Pataxte (Guzman).
• Pixa, n. Order, command, direction.
• Pixabah, v. To order, to command.
• Po, v. 1. To cry out loudly. 2. To be angry with some one.
• Pocob, n. A shield. See p. 18.
• Poklah, n. Dust.
• Pokon, n. Trouble, pain.
• Pop, n. A mat; popoh, a council. See p. 36.
• Poroh, v. To burn, to set on fire.
• Poye, v. To put one side, to neglect.
• Poh, v. To divide, to split.
• Puak or Puvak, n. Silver; money, coin. See p. 19.
• Pub, n. The blow-gun, p. 18.
• Puz, n. Power, magic. See p. 46.
• Pu, v. To break up ground; to soak in water; to dissolve or to make into dust. Hence, n. fire, dust.

• Que, pron. They, used with absolute, passive and neuter verbs. Gram., p. 47.
• [219]Queh, n. A deer.
• Quere, adv. Thus, as, even so; querea, therefore; querera, as this; querelae, as that.
• Qui, pron. Those, their.
• Quichin, pron. Of them.
• Quicot, v. To rejoice, to delight in.
• Quir, v. To unloose, untie.
• Qui, n. Blood.

• Rah, v. To wish, tivaho, I wish; (absolute) xraho, he wished.
• Ramon, n. A piece, a bit.
• Ramoneh, v. To reduce to pieces, to overcome.
• Rax, adj. Green, blue; precious, noble; renowned, famous.
• Raxah, n. A tree, a species of plantain.
• Ri, pron. He, she it; this, that; often used in the sense of definite article, ri huyu, the hill.
• Richin, pron. Of that one, of him, his, its.
• Ruma, prep. By, for, with.

• Tacaxepeval, n. Name of the first month of the native calendar.
• Tak, v. To send, to call one, to despatch to one. Gram., p. 42.
• Tahin, part. Of present time.
• Tak, adv. A particle conveying the idea of recurrence or repetition, as hetak, hutak, p. 12. See Gram., p. 72.
• Takchibal, n. That which incites, or persuades. An instrumental form from takchiih.
• Takchiih, v. To incite, move, induce.
• Takeh, v. To obey.
• Tan, adv. Now, at present; particle of present time.
• Tap, n. Crab.
• Tata, n. Father. Originally the reduplication of the particle of courtesy, ta, which is now used by and to married people. It also means lord, ruler. Cf. Gram., p. 72.
• Taah, n. A plain; the sea coast as opposed to the interior. See Huyu.
• Tah, n.
• Tecpan, n. See p. 13.
• Tee, n. Mother. See p. 35.
• Telep, v. To carry on the shoulders.
• Telechuh, v. To wrestle; to take captive; to tie with cords.
• Tem, n. A bench or seat. See p. 20.
• [220]Tepeval, n. Sovereignty, power.
• Teuh, adj. Cold.
• Ti, v. To eat, to bite.
• Ti, pron. He, it, she; you.
• Tih, v. To give to eat, to feed; to invite; to try, to test; to teach, to instruct.
• Tih, n. The doctrine, the teaching.
• Tihoh, v. To teach another.
• Tinamit, n. Town, city.
• Tiohil, n. The body, the bulk of an animal.
• Tiquer, v. To begin, to commence.
• Titil, n. A color. See p. 204.
• Tiuh tiuh, n. See p. 196.
• Tixli, n. The tapir.
• Tiuil, v. To be rooted in the ground. See uil.
• To, v. To aid, to succor.
• Tohoh, v. To make a loud noise, to thunder. See p. 199.
• Tol, v. To abandon.
• Toloba, v. To desert, abandon, forsake.
• Tooh, n. Weapons, of all kinds.
• To, v. To shoot up, to burst forth.
• To, v. To push in, to insert.
• Toe, v. To arrive at a place.
• Tuc, v. To turn, revolve, move about.
• Tucur, n. The owl.
• Tulul, n. The zapote tree.
• Tun, n. A native drum; a branch, a sprout, a twig.
• Tunay, n. The elder tree. Span. sauco.
• Tux, n. A kind of acorn.

• Ucheex, v. To relate, to tell, to say, especially in reporting what others have said. As a rule it follows the words quoted (Coto).
• Ue, conj. If.
• Ul, v. To arrive, to come to.
• Ulaah, v. To arrive at, as a home; to seek as a refuge (Bras.).
• Ulaam, v. To have at one’s house, as a guest, etc.
• Uleuh, n. Earth, soil, land, ground.
• Umul, n. The rabbit.
• Unum, n. The male organ; a worm, a snake.
• Ut, n. Dove.
• Utiuh, n. The coyote.
• [221]Utzin, v. To finish, to complete.
• Ux, v. To be, to become. See Gram., p. 33.
• Uxla, n. The breath; an odor; steam.
• Uxlan, v. To rest, to repose, to take breath (from uxla).

• Va, part. Here, now.
• Va, v. To eat.
• Vach, n. Face, visage, front; surface, superficies; brightness, splendor; fruit, products, profits; power, dignity.
• Vachih, v. To see with one’s own eyes; to have before one’s face.
• Vae, part. This, this is, here is.
• Vapal, n. The lintel of a door, the frame of a window, etc.
• Var, v. To sleep.
• Vave, adv. Here.
• Vay, n. Bread, of any kind.
• Vayhal, n. Hunger.
• Vi, n. The head.
• Vi, part. A correlative and instrumental particle. See Gram., p. 63.
• Vik, v. To increase or add something; to ornament, to adorn; to arrange, to set in order by adding to.
• Vinak, n. Man, the human species; a people.
• Vinak chij, n. Injury or misfortune; a legal term applied to certain torts.
• Vuk, adj. Seven.

• Xa, part. But, only, etc. An antithetical particle, used in many connections, as xae, xa a, xa ri a, va xe re, xa a, xe re, xa ha, all signify but, next, etc.
• Xah, v. To move actively and cheerfully; hence, to dance; of a dog, to wag his tail.
• Xahab, n. Sandals, shoes, moccasins.
• Xahan, n. Prohibition, abstention.
• Xahaneh, v. To abstain from, to refrain.
• Xahpota hih, n. Body armor. (“Malla ô peto.” Varea).
• Xak, n. 1. Leaf. 2. Dye, color, tint. See p. 204.
• Xambey, n. One who follows another.
• Xambeyah, v. To do something later than another, to follow, to come after.
• Xane, v. To strip, to uncover.
• Xaquere, adv. But thus; see Xa.
• [222]Xavia. See Xa.
• Xax. Particle of affirmation, an intensive.
• Xhayil, n. A married woman, a wife. From hay, with the fem. prefix—“the woman of the house.”
• Xim, v. To tie, to bind onesself; to assume.
• Xiquin, n. Ears.
• Xit, n. The jade, the green stone (piedra verde como torquesa. Varea).
• Xivae, n. A conch shell used as a horn.
• Xmier, adv. Already, formerly; xmierok, before, previously.
• Xocon, n. The left hand; chu xocon, on the left.
• Xoh, pron. We.
• Xo, Xooh, v. To complain against one.
• Xoh, n. The owl; a malicious person.
• Xul, n. A flute.
• Xule, v. To descend, to go down.
• Xu, n. A net used by the Indians of the Sierra to catch birds.
• Xul, n. A kind of dance. See p. 45.

• Ya, v. To give, to present.
• Yaar, v. To spoil, waste, go to ruin.
• Yac, n. To build a house; to contract for, ask for.
• Yala, v. To surpass, become distinguished.
• Yaloh, v. To delay, to remain.
• Yamalakin, v. To give presents.
• Yamanic, n. Precious stone.
• Yanabil, n. Sickness, disease.
• Ybah, n. The ancient site of a town; the hereditary home; the cement of a house. From ybil, to ripen, to mature.
• Ye, v. To tread under foot, to detest, to hate.
• Ylon, v. To overtake one (alcanzar á otro que va adelante. Varea).
• Yncheel, adv. How, in what manner.
• Ynup, n. The ceiba tree.
• Yoh, v. To destroy, tear down.
• Yon, adv. Only, alone; ruyon, he or it alone or only. See Gram., p. 32.
• Yo, v. To knead dough. Met. to bruise.
• Yuh, v. To mix, to mingle.
• Yuhuh, n. A quarrel, a revolt.
• Yuk, v. To string out, to stretch out, like a rope. Hence
• [223]Yuku, n. A rope or cord. Varea.
• Yuyub, n. Shouts.
• Yx, pron. You.
• Yxim, n. Maize (the grains).
• Yo, v. To pass over; to go from one place to another.

• a, n. The hand, the arm.
• aba, v. To place supports; to strengthen; to extend the hands.
• ahan, v. To sound, to resound; to snore, etc.
• ahar, v. To expend, to expand.
• ahartizah, v. To praise, to commend.
• alaba, v. To cause misfortune, to make miserable.
• alah, adj. n. Something clear, apparent, manifest.
• alel. See p. 37.
• alibal, n. Seat, see, throne. “Asieñto del señor principal.” Coto. See p. 20.
• am, n. Bridge, stairs.
• ana abah, n. A color. See p. 204.
• an, adj. Yellow; ripe; rich.
• arama, n. Nation, confederation.
• at, v. To cut, in general; hence, to decide a question; to ford a river; to die early, etc.
• avonon, n. A yellow bug; from an, yellow, and Vonon, bug. (Guzman).
• ax, v. 1. To pass, to pass over. 2. To bring forth, to give birth to.
• a, n. Fire.
• aal, n. Distinction, greatness.
• ek, adj. Black; dark.
• ekal, n. Blackness, darkness.
• ekum, n. The darkness of the night.
• ih, n. The sun; a day; a time or epoch; an occasion or opportunity; the sign or constellation under which one is born; hence, fate or fortune. Ahih, the diviner; cholol ih, to cast the horoscope.
• ihib, v. To divine, to predict, to tell fortunes.
• il, v. To prevent, impede, harass.
• inom, adj. Rich. n. riches.
• iomah, n. This appears to be a form of inomah, riches.
• [224]ip, v. To take up in the fingers; to pinch.
• o, v. To sustain, to maintain, to give to eat.
• ol, n. Resin from the pine.
• op, n. Ear rings.
• uzum, n. Delicacy, something delicious to eat.
• u, n. A species of bird. See p. 204.
• uuraxon, n. Green feathers; the plumage of certain birds.

• a, conj. And, also.
• abovil, n. The deity, God, divinity.
• açe, v. To survive, to grow strong.
• ahol, n. A son, sons; also, generally, descendants of a common ancestor.
• aholah, v. To beget, engender.
• ak, v. To shoot with arrows; to stone. 2. To place onesself in front of another.
• akaba, v. To show onesself.
• al, v. To tie together, to arrange in order as by tying.
• alakan, n. Small bells tied together. See p. 17.
• am, v. To take, to bear away; especially to take a woman in marriage, to marry.
• anixt, n. A bird. See p. 197.
• arunah, adv. The same, again.
• axto, n. The Evil Spirit.
• ay, adj. Pungent, bitter, strong of smell or taste.
• ayh, v. To sell.
• aalih, v. To guard.
• eche, n. A forest, a woods.
• el, n. A small species of parrot.
• exevach, n. Substitute, one who stands for another (Anon).
• iyaley, adv. That which exceeds; used in comparison. See Gram., p. 67.
• iy, adv. Much, many.
• iyar, v. To multiply, to increase.
• iz, v. To finish, to conclude, to end.
• oh, v. To be in a place, etc. Spanish, estar. See Gram., p. 33.
• ok, okoh, v. To complain (quejarse á Dios. Varea, p. 414).
• ol, v. To cut down, to send out from, to diminish, to lessen.
• [225]ot, v. To dig a hole. Met. to examine verbally, to interrogate, to cross-question.
• otoh, v. 1. To engrave, to sculpture. otonic, that which is sculptured. 2. To set in order, to arrange battalions, etc.
• okikan, n. Loads of roasted maize, used as food on long journeys; from o, “mais cocido,” and kikan.
• ox, v. To clash; to strike hard things together, ta oxel a to strike fire with the flint (Varea).
• oxol, n. He who dashes together hard things, as stones. See ox.
• oxom, n. That which is dashed together, as stones. See ox.
• oxtun, n. Fortress, stronghold.
• u, v. To put well in order, to arrange.
• ual, n. Diamond, or other precious stone.
• ubul, n. Garlands (Br.). From u, to arrange in order, to put in place.
• uil, v. To throw down to the ground, to lie or roll upon the ground; to annoy, harass.
• ul, n. All kinds of clothing; vesture, etc.
• ul, v. To receive; to meet, to go out to meet one; to visit one; to converse, to reply to, to be beaten.
• ule, v. To marry.
• ulvachih, v. To meet face to face. From ul, to receive, to meet, and vach, face.
• ut, v. To show, to make manifest.
• utuh, v. To ask, to inquire.
• ux, n. The heart; the mind.
• ha, n. The bow; the arrow.

• ha, habeh,

  }

  v. To speak to talk, to say.

• habak, n. Mud.
• hac, n. A pestilence.
• hac, v. To conquer, to overpower.
• hac, n. Flesh, meat.
• hacatah, v. To sit down, to rest seated; to reduce in value, to depreciate.
• hacbal, n. A victory, a conquest.
• hacat, n. A seat, a throne. See p. 20.
• [226]haka, prep. From the other side; haka palouh, from beyond the sea; he ah haka ya, those from the other side of the water, a term applied to the Spaniards (Varea).
• hakap, n. and adv. The half, partly.
• hamey, n. Cane, staff; a badge of office; ahhamey, the alguacil or constable.
• haoh, n. See p. 55.
• hay, v. To injure, destroy. 2. To fasten, solder.
• hi, v. To disquiet, to be noisy.
• hih, v. To suffer, to bear.
• hipil, n. The youngest son.
• hique, v. To appoint, to resolve upon.
• hih, n. Iron, copper. See p. 19.
• hob, n. Division, class, order, battalion.
• hocoba, v. To seat a person.
• hol, v. To skin, to bark, to clean; to acquit, to rid of.
• holih, v. To value, to put a value upon; hence, holih ih, to value days, to decide which are lucky and which unlucky; hol ih, an astrological calendar. See p. 31.
• hub, v. To ravage, as a pestilence.
• huc, n. The arm, or arms.
• hutin, adj. Small, little, young.

• ak, v. To work in clay; to make bricks or tiles; to make, to create. 2. To joke; to make fun. 3. To lie, to deceive.
• akol, n. The maker, the creator.
• alam. See p. 32.
• anin, v. To sound loudly, to make a great noise, of people, trumpets, dancing, etc.
• apal, n. An enclosure; that which is shut up or enclosed; from ape, neuter of tin apih, shut up or enclose.
• apibal, n. The place where something is enclosed or shut up. See apal, and p. 197.
• i, n. A dog.
• ibah, v. To paint; to write. See p. 16.
• ima, n. A sharp-pointed tool; v. to dig with one (Ximenes).
• iquin, n. A bird, the generic word.
• iz, v. To sew, to puncture.
• [227]iot, v. To hiss (of a snake), to squeak (of a rat), to whistle (of a bird), etc.
• um. 1. The breasts, the mammae. 2. A skin, a hide.
• umah, v. To suck, to take the breast; to reduce a swelling; to lessen, to diminish.
• utuh, n. A flower, especially of the maize.

• Tzak, v. To throw, to fall; to tangle, to trip; to hinder; to go from the road; to drop a subject, a lawsuit, etc.; to pardon; to excuse onesself; to cease, to die.
• Tzal, v. To make war, to give battle.
• Tzam, n. 1. Nose, beak, snout, of man, bird or brute. 2. The point or end of anything.
• Tzap, n. Fault, evil, misdemeanor. See p. 28.
• Tzara, n. A snare to take birds, etc.
• Tzayh, v. To do an injury without cause.
• Tzatz, adv. Much, many, thickly, densely.
• Tzih, n. A word, a speech.
• Tzihoxic, n. That which has been said; a passive verbal from tzih.
• Tzimay, n. A cup, or drinking vessel.
• Tzolih, v. To turn; to return; to turn one’s thoughts upon, etc.
• Tzuy, n. A large calabash or gourd.
• Tzuk, v. To sustain, to maintain.
• Tzul, v. To intertwine, to embrace, to sleep together.

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