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The apiary; or, bees, bee-hives, and bee culture [1878] / being a familiar account of the habits of bees, and the most improved methods of management cover

The apiary; or, bees, bee-hives, and bee culture [1878] / being a familiar account of the habits of bees, and the most improved methods of management

Chapter 5: DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
By Alfred Neighbor
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About This Book

The work provides a practical manual on honey‑bee natural history and apiary management, combining concise descriptions of insect anatomy, reproductive economy, and behavior with detailed guidance on hives, supers, covers, and the devices used in modern apiaries. It surveys many hive types and construction, explains hands‑on manipulation and seasonal husbandry to obtain honey and maintain colonies, and discusses common problems and remedies. The text integrates findings from leading authorities with the author's own practical experience, includes plates illustrating bee anatomy and castes, and reorganizes material for easier reference in an expanded, revised edition.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE I. (Page 34).

1. Queen bee.
1a. Antenna of ditto.
1b. Hind leg of ditto.
1c. Front view of head of ditto.
1d. Mandible of ditto.
2. Worker, or imperfect female.
2a. Antenna of ditto.
2b. Hind leg of ditto, inner side showing the pollen-brushes.
2b* Ditto, outer side showing the pollen-basket.
2c* Side view of head.
2c. Back view of ditto, showing the junction of the gullet with the thorax, and position of the tongue and its appendages.
2d. Mandible.
3. Male, or drone.
3a. Antenna of ditto.
3b. Hind leg of ditto.
3c. Front view of head of ditto.
3d. Mandible of ditto.
A. Enlarged view of the wing. B. Hind edge of fore wing, showing the thickened margin, and fore edge of hind wing, showing the hooks, which hold on to the thickened margin of the fore wing, and keep them together during flight.

PLATE II. (Page 86).

1. Body of a bee divested of antennæ, legs, and wings, showing the anatomy of the thorax and natural position of the stomach.
5*. The eyes.
a. The stemmata.
bbb. The muscles that move the wings.
c. The external covering of the thorax.
ee. The bases of the wings.
d. The honey-bag, or first stomach.
f. The ventricle, or true stomach, distended with food.
g. The rectum.
h. The biliary vessels.
i. Portion of the membranous tissue lining the inner surface of the segments, and enclosing the stomach and intestines.
2. The stomach emptied of its contents, to show the muscular contraction of the ventricle.
d. The honey-bag.
f. The ventricle.
g. The rectum.
h. The biliary vessels.
3. The ligula, or tongue, and its appendages.
l. The base of the ligula.
m. The paraglossæ.
n. The maxillæ.
o. The labial palpi.
p. The tongue.
4. The sting and its muscles.
s. Curved base of the outer sheath enclosing the sting.
r. Muscles that move the sting.
q. The attachment of the muscles to the outer covering of the abdomen.
t. Poison-bag.
u. Glands connected with the poison-bag.
V. Honey-plates covering the muscles r, and to which the sheaths of the sting are attached at s.
** Base of sting connecting with the poison-bag t.
* Tip of the same.
4* Magnified view of point of sting, showing the serrations on each side.
5. Three hexagonal prisms of a bee's eye (Swammerdam).
6. Abdominal plates of the bee, detached to show the wax cells.
7. Eggs of bee, natural size, and magnified (from Réaumur).
8. Helminthomorphous or apodal larva of a bee (Réaumur).