A scholarly survey traces how human societies recorded and organized knowledge, moving from mnemonic and pictorial systems through varied primitive repositories to more structured collections. It defines the library, outlines methods for investigating origins, and considers legendary and early cultural record forms such as quipus, message sticks, wampum, and pictorial chronicles. Chapters analyze the evolution of record-keeping, typologies and contents of primitive libraries, administrative practices, and the role of memory and material objects as repositories. The work finishes by examining the emergence of formal library education and research and includes bibliographic guidance for further study.