The Bible in Spain, Vol. 2 [of 2] / Or, the Journeys, Adventures, and Imprisonments of an Englishman in an Attempt to Circulate the Scriptures in the Peninsula

Nahi.  Rom.  Translated by Borrow, lost.  If so, perhaps connected with najabar, to lose.  P. ii. 324; Pp. 381; M. viii. 23.  Possibly, however, it is only a negative = is not.  P. i. 319; A. 70.

Nao.  Port.  Ship.

Narangero.  Span.  An orange-seller.

Nava.  Span.  A plain.

Ndui.  Hebr.  A kind of hell, or purgatory, according to Borrow, who puts the word into the mouth of his Lisbon Jews.  It is, apparently, the Hebr. niddui = ban, excommunication.

Nefsky.  Russ.  Of the Neva.

Negro.  Span. and Port.  (1) Black; (2) a negro, or African; (3) the nickname given by the Basque Carlists to the Cristinos, or Constitutionalists, 1833–1839.

Nicabar.  Rom.  To take away, steal, destroy.  P. ii. 326; Pp. 390; M. viii. 25.

Niri.  Basque.  My, mine.

Noche.  Span.  Night.

Nombre.  Span.  Name.

Novillo.  Span.  A young bull.  See note, i. 361.

Novio.  Span.  Bridegroom, betrothed.

Nuar.  Arab.  Flowers.  More correctly, nawār.

Nuestro.  Span.  Our.

Nuveiro.  This word is neither Castilian, Galician, nor Portuguese; but is a made-up or fancy word, from the Portuguese nuvem, a cloud; a cloud man, or supernatural being.

O.  Rom.  The.

Ó.  Span.  Or.

Obispo.  Span.  Bishop.

Ojalateros.  Span.  “Waiters upon Providence.”  A burlesque word.  See note, i. 169.

Onza.  Span.  A coin of the value of about £3 6s. 8d.; lit. an ounce of gold.  Also known as the doblon de à 8; Anglicized as “piece of eight.”

Oraçam, Oração.  Port.  A prayer.

Otro.  Span.  Other.  No hay otro en el mundo, “There’s none like it in the world.”

Oulem.  Hebr.  Of the world.  Arab. ‘olam.

Pachí.  Rom.  Modesty, honour, virginity.  P. ii. 347.

Paciencia.  Span. and Port.  Patience.

Padre.  Span. and Port.  Father.

Padrino.  Span.  (1) Sponsor, godfather; (2) second—in a duel.

Padron.  Span.  Patron, landlord.

Pahan.  Phœn.  A rabbit.

Paisano.  Span. and Port.  A countryman; not a peasant, but a man of the same country as another; a compatriot.  As the conventional answer to the challenge, “Quien vive?” by a Spanish sentry, it means “Civilian.”

Pajandi.  Rom.  A guitar.  According to Borrow, lit. “the thing that is touched or played upon.”  P. ii. 369, 426.

Pajaria.  Span.  Straw-market.  The place where straw is kept is Pajar.

Pal.  Rom.  See Plan.

Palabra.  Span.  A word.

Palomar.  Span.  A dovecote.

Pan.  Span.  Bread.

Panhagia.  Grk.  Lit. All-holy.  The Virgin Mary.

Paní.  See Pawnee.

Pañuelo.  Span.  A handkerchief.  Lit. a little cloth.

Papas.  Grk.  A priest (παπᾶς).

Para.  Span. and Port.  For.

Parnó.  Rom.  White.  P. ii. 359; Pp. 410; M. viii. 32.

Parné.  White, or silver money; thence, as in the case of Fr. argent, money in general.  See Parnó.

Parra.  Span.  Festoons of vines; the trellis or stakes upon which these festoons are trained.

Parugar.  Rom.  To barter, swop, chaffer.  P. ii. 354; Pp. 412; M. viii. 33.

Pasteleros.  Span.  Pastrycooks.

Pastesas.  Rom.  The hands.  Ustilar á pastesas is to steal “with the hands,” or by any sleight of hand.  Z. i. 315.  The usual Span. gypsy word is ba, J.; bas, Z. i. 522.  Both are doubtless variations of the more common vast.  P. ii. 86; Pp. 573; M. viii. 94; SC. 151.

Pastor.  Span. and Port.  Shepherd.

Patio.  Span. and Port.  The court of a house; either the open space round which Spanish houses are so commonly built, or an open court in front of it.

Patron.  See Padron.

Pawnee, Paní.  Rom. Water.  Hind. paní.  The one special word known to all gypsies wherever found, even in Brazil.  P. ii. 343; Pp. 405; M. viii. 31; G. i. 61.

Peluni.  Arab.  Of another.  See ii. 313.

Peña.  Span.  A rock.

Peptndorio.  Rom.  Antonio; proper name.

Perico.  Span.  A small parrot.

Pero.  Span.  But

Perro.  Span.  A dog.

Pesar.  Span. and Port.  To afflict, distress.  Lit. to weigh.  Me peso, “I’m very sorry.”

Peseta.  Span.  A Spanish coin, representing, down to 1870, two silver reals or four reals vellon, but since 1870 the standard or unit of value in Spanish finance, is nearly equal to the French franc, and, like it, divided for purposes of account, into 100 centimos.

Petulengro, Petalengro.  Eng. Rom.  A shoeing smith.  See note on i. 204; P. ii. 348; Pp. 427; M. viii. 37; SC. 13, 121; and, generally, Lavengro and The Romany Rye.

Pfaffen.  Germ.  Monks; a contemptuous term for clerics generally, whether regular or secular.

Piazza.  Ital.  An open square in a town, surrounded by colonnades.  In modern American parlance the word is often used for a veranda, in which sense Borrow apparently uses it, i. 276.

Picador.  Span. and Port.  A riding-master, bull-fighter.  See note, i. 170, and Torero.

Picardia.  Span. and Port.  Knavishness; from picaro, a rogue, knave, or loafer.  The English adjective picaresque is conventionally applied to a certain class of Spanish story of low life and sharp practice relieved by humour.

Pícaro.  Span. and Port.  Rogue, knave.

Picaron.  Span.  Augmentative (on) of pícaro, a great scamp.

Pica.  Span. and Port.  Peak, summit.

Pila.  Span.  A water-trough.

Pinar, Pinal.  Span.  Grove or wood of pine trees.

Pinró, Pindró, plur. Pindré.  Rom.  Foot; en pindré, on foot P. ii. 351; Pp. 433; M. viii. 47; A. 33.

Pio.  Span. and Port.  Pious.

Pirar, Pirelar.  Rom.  To go, walk.  P. ii. 382; Pp. 436; M. viii. 42.

Pita.  Span.  The aloe (Agave americana).

Plulí.  Rom.  A widow.  P. ii. 377; Pp. 439; M. viii. 43.

Plan, Planoró, Plal.  Rom.  Brother, comrade.  Eng. Rom. pal.  P. ii. 383; A. 79; Pp. 445; M. viii. 43.

Playa.  Span.  The strand.

Plaza.  Span.  A square or open space in a town.  Ital. piazza, q.v.

Plazuela.  Span.  Dimin. of Plaza.

Poblacion.  Span.  (1) Population; (2) act of populating; (3) a town.

Pobrecita.  Span.  “Poor thing!”  Dimin. of pobre, poor.

Politico.  Span. and Port.  Political, civil.  See note, ii. 127.

Polk.  Russ.  A regiment.

Poquito.  Span.  Dimin. of poco.  Small, little.

Por.  Span. and Port.  For.

Porque.  Span. and Port.  Because.

Posada.  Span.  “A lodging; from posar, to sit down or lodge, hence lodging-house, tavern, or small hotel.  The genuine Spanish town inn is called the posada, as being meant to mean a house of repose after the pains of travel.  Strictly speaking, the keeper is only bound to provide lodging, salt, and the power of cooking whatever the traveller brings with him or can procure out-of-doors, and in this it differs from the fonda, in which meats and drinks are furnished.”—Ford, Gatherings from Spain, ch. xv.

Posadero.  Span.  Innkeeper.

Posta.  Span. and Port.  Post, post-house.  Casa de las Postas, General Post-office.

Praça.  Port.  Square, place.

Prado.  Span. and Port.  A lawn or meadow.  The great promenade at Madrid.

Praia.  Gal.  Seashore, strand.

Presidio.  Span. and Port.  Place of imprisonment, penitentiary; prim. a fortress, or the garrison thereof.

Prestar.  Port.  To be of use.

Primero.  Span.  First.

Principe.  Span. and Port.  Princeps.  Lat.  Prince.

Propina.  Span.  Lat. propinare.  Drink-money; pour boire, a tip.

Puchera or Puchero.  Span.  A stew; prim. the pot in which the stew is made, which, as in the case of the olla, has come to signify the contents.  The puchero is more used in the north, the olla in the south of the Peninsula.  The combination olla podrida is now at least never heard in Spain.

Puente.  Span.  A bridge.

Puerta.  Span.  Door, gate.  Puerta del Sol, Gate of the Sun.  The central point of Madrid.

Puerto.  Span.  A bay, or port; also a pass in the mountains.

Pulido.  Span.  Neat, delicate, charming.

Quatro.  Span. and Port.  Four.

Que.  Span. and Port.  What, that.

Quer.  Rom.  A house.  See Ker.

Quien.  Span.  Who.

Quiero.  Span.  I wish.

Quinta.  Span. and Port.  A country house.

Rabbi.  Hebr.  Master.

Rainha.  Port.  Queen.

Rais.  Arab.  Chief; captain of a ship.

Rajil.  Arab.  Man.

Randado.  Rom.  Written.  From randar, P. ii. 276.

Ratero.  Span.  Mean, scoundrelly.

Raya.  Span.  Border, boundary, or frontier.

Real.  Span. and Port.  Royal.

Real.  Span. and Port.  A coin or unit of value.  The Spanish plural is reales; the Portuguese, reis or rees.  The Spanish real is worth about 2½d. English; the Portuguese only 1/20d., one thousand reis making the Portuguese dollar, or piece of mil reis, hence called a milrei or milreis.

Regata.  Span.  A small channel, or, conduit.

Reja.  Span.  The iron grating before a window looking on to the street of a town.  The recognized trysting-place of a lover and his mistress.

Relacion.  Span.  Relation, story.

Rematar.  Span. and Port.  To end, finish.  Que Dios remate tu nombre!  “May God blot out your name!”

Render.  Span. and Port.  To yield, surrender.

Repostero.  Span.  The butler, or majordomo, in a great house.  The reposteria is the plate-room, storeroom, or pantry.

Reputacion.  Span.  Reputation.  Gente de reputacion, “swells,” “swagger people.”

Requiso.  Span.  Requisitioning (from requerir).  A technical word; the authority that requisitions private property, horses, etc., for the use of the national army in time of war.

Reyna.  Span.  Queen.

Ria.  Span. and Port.  An estuary, as the mouth of a river.  More particularly applied to the numerous bays on the Galician and Asturian coasts of Northwest Spain.

Ro, Rom.  Rom.  A husband; a married gypsy.  Roma, the husbands, is the generic name of the gypsy nation, or Romany.  P. ii. 275; A. 56; Pp. 462; M. viii. 58; McR. 91.

Romero.  Span.  Rosemary.

Romi.  Rom.  A married gypsywoman; fem. of rom, a husband; a married gypsy.

Roque.  Span. and Port.  The “rook,” or “castle,” at chess.  Pers. rukh.  The same word is used for the fabulous bird of immense size so often mentioned in Oriental tales.

Rouble.  Russ.  A kind of Russian money, either silver or paper.  Its present value is about two shillings.

Ruah.  Arab, and Hebr.  Spirit.  Used throughout the Old Test, to denote the Spirit of God, the Holy Spirit.

Rufianesco.  Span.  Ruffian, criminal.

Rune.  Eng.  (1) A letter of the ancient Scandinavian alphabet, usually carved on stone.  (2) A short mystic sentence of Scandinavian origin.  Norse and Danish rune, Swed. runa.

Sabio.  Span. and Port.  Learned.  King Alfonso X. was surnamed El Sabio, which is sometimes erroneously rendered “The Wise.”  Sabio is, rather, “erudite;” and the king was undoubtedly the most learned man of his time, though his government was not always by any means wise.

Sacro.  Span. and Port.  Sacred.

Safacoro.  Rom.  The city of Seville.  P. ii. 248.  J. gives Sevillano = Safacorano.

Sagra.  Span.  The name of certain districts in Spain, especially of one lying north of Toledo.  The word is probably derived from the Arab ṣaḥra = a plain.  See note, i. 257.

Salamanquesa.  Span.  A salamander, or, star-lizard; otherwise called salamandra.

Sandia.  Span.  A water-melon.

Santiguo.  Span.  The action of crossing one’s self.  Santiguar is “to make the sign of the cross.”

Santo.  Span. and Port.  Sainted, holy.  La Santa Casa, the Inquisition.

Santon.  Span.  A great saint; more especially applied to Moslem recluses.  Also, a hypocrite.

Santurron.  Span.  A great saint; usually, a great hypocrite.

Sardinha.  Port. and Gal.  A sardine.  Borrow’s friends, la gente rufianesca, have a quaint name for a galley-slave, apaleador de sardinas, a sardine-beater.  H. 155.

Sba.  Arab.  Morning.  More correctly, ṣabāḥ.

Scharki.  Arab.  The East.

Scharr.  See Daoud.

Schophon.  Heb.  Shâphân (שׁפן) A quadruped which chews the cud like a hare (Lev. xi. 5; Deut. xiv. 7); which lives gregariously on rocks, and is remarkable for its cunning (Ps. civ. 18; Prov. xxx. 26).  The Rabbins render coney, or rabbit; more correctly the LXX. in three places χοιρογρύλλιος, i.e. an animal resembling the marmot.

Sé.  Span.  I know; from saber.

Sea.  Span.  May he be; from ser.

Seco.  Span. and Port.  Dry.  See ii. 82.

Secretario.  Span. and Port.  Secretary.

Segun.  Span.  According to.

Segundo.  Span. and Port.  Second.

Senhor, Senhora.  Port.  Señor, Señora.  Span.  Gentleman, lady.

Señorito, Señorita.  Span.  Dimin. of the above.

Seo.  Span.  A cathedral church.

Sereka.  Arab.  A theft.  More correctly, sarika.

Serra.  Port.  A high range of mountains; the Spanish sierra.

Serrania.  Span. and Port.  District or country of sierras, or mountain ridges.

Servil.  Span. and Port.  Servile.  Applied, as a substantive, as a party nickname to the Royalists on the outbreak of the first civil war in 1820.

Sesó (fem. Sesí, plur. Sesé, also = Spain).  Rom.  A Spaniard.  In Spanish the word signifies “brain,” P. ii. 249.

Shaitán.  Arab.  Satan, the devil.

Shee.  Arab.  Thing.

Shekel.  Hebr.  A Hebrew coin of uncertain value.  The word itself means merely “a weight.”

Shem.  Hebr.  Name.

Shem Hamphorash.  Hebr.  The separated, reserved, or special Name, i.e. Yahweh.  Always transliterated Adonai.  Lord (a word which itself, perhaps, contains the Span. Don), whence Κύριος, Dominus, and the Lord, have found their way into translations of the Old Testament.  Our English “Jehovah” contains the forbidden consonants of Yahweh and the vowel points of Adonai.

Shereef.  Arab.  Noble.

Shillam eidri.  Apparently meant for lashon ivri = the Hebrew tongue.

Shoob.  Borrovian for the Russian shuba, a fur cloak or pelisse.  The word has made its way into Eng. Rom. as shooba, a gown.

Shrit.  Apparently for the Arabic ishtari = buy.

Sibat.  Arab.  Slippers.  More correctly, sabbāt.

Sidi.  Arab.  My lord.  More usually written Said or Sayyid, the same as the more familiar Cid.  The fem.  Sitti = my lady, is familiar to every lady who has visited North Africa.

Sierras.  Span.  Lit. saws; applied to mountain ranges, from their serrated outline.

Siesta.  Span.  Lat. sexta (hora), noon.  Noontide or afternoon sleep.  Sext is one of the canonical hours of the Catholic Church.

Siete.  Span.  Seven.

Siglo.  Span.  Century, age.

Signor, Signore.  Ital.  Sir.

Sinah.  See Dar.

Sinar.  Rom.  To be.  Sin, he is; sinava, I was.  P. ii. 250; Pp. 255; M. vii. 66.

Sōc.  Arab.  A market.  More correctly, sūḳ.  Soc de barra = outer market.

Sociedad.  Span.  Society.

Soga.  Span.  A rope; a well-rope; a halter for beasts; the halter for hanging a man.

Solabarri.  Rom.  Bridle.  P. ii. 239; Pp. 487; M. viii. 69.

Sombrero.  Span.  A hat; that which gives sombra, or shade.

Son.  Span.  They are; from ser.

Sonacai.  Rom.  Gold.  P. ii. 227; Pp. 481; M. viii. 68.

Sopa.  Span.  (1) Soup.  (2) The entire dinner.

Sotea.  Port.  Flat roof; balcony; platform.

Sou.  Port.  Soy.  Span.  I am; from ser.

Sowanee.  Rom.  A sorceress.  Used by Borrow, i. 122, for the more correct chuajañi, Eng. Rom. chovihoni.  P. ii. 190; Pp. 549; M. vii. 37.

Su.  Span.  Suus.  Lat.  His.

Svend.  Dan.  Swain.

Tabla.  Span.  A board, or plank.

Tal.  Span. and Port.  Such.  Que tal?  “How goes it?”

Talib.  Arab.  Learned, Lit.  “a seeker,” used in some countries for “a devotee.”  More correctly, ṭālib.

Tambien.  Span.  Also, likewise, as well.

Tan.  Span.  So.

Tarde.  Span. and Port.  Afternoon, evening.

Teatro.  Span.  Theatre.

Tebleque.  Rom.  God the Saviour, Jesus.  P. ii. 312; J.

Tener.  Span.  To take, hold, have.  See Modo.  Tuvose, it was held, or, thought.

Terelar.  Rom.  To have, hold.  P. ii, 294; A. 41; Pp. 512; M. viii. 79.

Terreiro.  Port.  A parade, promenade.

Tertulia.  Span.  An assembly, conversazione.

Tinaja.  Span.  A large earthen jar.

Tinto.  Span. and Port.  Coloured.  Vino tinto, red wine.

Tio, Tia.  Span.  Uncle; aunt.  Applied in common life as a term of familiar address to any one, not related to the speaker.  Something like the Old English gaffer and gammer.

Tipotas.  Grk.  Nothing (πίποτε).

Tocino.  Span.  Bacon, pork.

Todo.  Span. and Port.  All.

Toma.  Span.  Lit. take; as an interjection, “Come!” “Look here!”

Tomate.  Span.  The tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum).

Tonsura.  Span. and Port.  (1) A cutting, of hair or wool.  (2) The first of the ecclesiastical orders.

Torah, or Thorah.  Hebr.  The books of the Law; the Pentateuch.

Toreador.  See Torero.

Torero.  Span.  A professional bull-fighter.  These are of three classes—the picadores, or horsemen; the bandarilleros, or placers of banderillos; and the matador, or espada.  Each company, or cuadrilla, of fighters consists of a matador, chief of the band, three bandarilleros, and two picadores.  There is also usually a sobresaliente (or understudy) de espada, in case of accidents; and a certain number of chulos, or men with cloaks, complete the personnel of the ring.

Traducido.  Span.  Translated.  From traducir.

Traer.  Span.  To bear, carry.

Traguillo.  Span.  Dim. of trago.  A draught, drink.

Trampa.  Span. and Port.  A trap, snare.

Trinidad.  Span.  Trinity.

Tsadik.  Hebr.  Righteous.  Hence Tsadok, the leader of the Sadducees, derived his name.

Tucue.  Rom.  Thee, with thee.  See Tute.

Tuerto.  Span.  One-eyed.

Tunante.  Span. and Port.  Truant; lazy scoundrel.

Tute.  Rom.  Thou, thee.  P. i. 229; Pp. 66; M. viii. 87.

Tuvose.  See Tener.

Undevel, Undebel.  Rom.  God.  According to Borrow, the first syllable of the word is the Om of the Brahmins and Indian Buddhists, one of the names of the Deity.  Pott, however, denies this, ii. 75, 311; A. 285 Pp. 205; M. vii. 42; G. i. 177.

Uria.  Basque.  City.  So translated by Borrow, but I cannot find the word.  The correct Basque is iri or hiri.

Usted.  Span.  Contracted form of vuestra merced, your worship; used for “you;” now written simply V^d or V.

Valdepeñas.  Span.  The red wine made in the neighbourhood of that town, in die heart of La Mancha.  It is about the best in Spain.

Valer.  Span.  To be worth, prevail, protect.  Valgame Dios!  “May God protect me!”  “S’help me!”

Valido.  Span. and Port.  Powerful, respected.  See note, ii. 376.

Valiente.  Span.  (1) As an adjective, strong or valiant.  (2) As a substantive, in a less honourable sense, as “cock of the walk,” or bully.

Vamos, or Vamonos.  Span.  “Let us go!”  “Come along!”

Vástaco.  Span.  Stem, bud, shoot.

Vaya.  Span.  A very common interjection or expression, “Come!” “Get along!” “Let it go!” Imper. of ir, to go.

Vecino.  Span.  An inhabitant; as an adjective, neighbouring.

Vega.  Span.  A meadow or plain; an open tract of level and fruitful ground, more particularly applied to the country around Granada; generally an alluvial tract formed by the bend of a river or expansion of a valley.

Velho.  Port.  Old.

Venta.  Span.  Venda.  Port.  Strictly speaking, an isolated country inn, or house of reception on the road; and if it be not of physical entertainment, it is at least one of moral, and accordingly figures in prominent characters in all the personal narratives and travels in Spain.  The venta is inferior in rank to the posada, q.v.  The original meaning of the word is “sale.”

Verdadero.  Span.  True.

Verdugo, Verduga.  Span. and Port.  Said of an exceedingly cruel person.  Prim. a switch, then a flogger, or executioner.

Viaje.  Span.  A voyage.

Vid.  Span.  Vine.

Viejo.  Span.  Old; an old man.

Villa.  Span.  A town; greater than an aldea or village, less than a ciudad or city.

Villano, Villana.  Span.  Countryman, peasant; country girl or woman.

Vino.  Span.  Wine.

Virgen.  Span.  Virgo.  Lat.  Virgin.

Vise.  Nor. Dan.  A ballad.

Viver.  Span. and Port.  To live.  Que viva!  “Long life to him!”

Vossé, or Vossem.  Port.  Vossa mercé, your worship; you.  Gal. vusté; Span. usted.  See note, i. 89.

Voy.  Span.  I am going; from ir.

Wady.  Arab.  River.  Wady al kebir = the great river, the Guadalquivir.

Wakhud.  Arab.  A, the article.  More correctly, waḥid.

Wullah.  Arab.  “By God!”

Wustuddur.  Arab.  Home; abode.  Lit. the middle of the houses.  See Dar.

Y.  Span.  And.

Yaw.  Borrovian for the Germ.  ja = yes.

Ydoorshee.  Arab.  It signifies; lit. it hurts.

Yerba.  Span.  (1) Grass.  (2) Poison.

Yesca.  Span.  Under.

Yo.  Span.  I.

Youm.  Arab.  A day.

Yudken.  Germ.  A little Jew; more correctly, Jüdchen.

Zamarra.  Span.  A sheepskin coat, the woolly side turned inwards; from the Basque echamarra (having the same signification), usually worn by shepherds.  The French chamarrer, to deck out, or bedizen, is said to be a word of kindred origin.

Zarza.  Span.  A bramble.

Zincalo.  plur.  Zincali.  Span. Rom.  Gypsy.  P. ii. 259; M. viii. 65.

Zohar.  Hebr.  Brilliancy.  See note, ii. 318.

Abades, ii. 209

Abyla, Mount (Gibil Muza), ii. 295

Aguilar, Antonio Garcia de, i. 282–286

Alcalá de Guadaira, i. 223

Aldea Gallega, i. 19, 58, 71

Alemtejo, i. 16, 72

Algeziras, ii. 296

Andalusia, Desert of, i. 224

Andalusians, The, ii. 261

Andujar, i. 253

Antigola, ii. 206

Antonio, the gypsy, i. 106

Antonio Buchini, i. 265; ii. 161, 171, 217

Aranjuez, 1. 254; ii. 202

Arroyolos, i. 84

Astorga, i. 318

Asturias, The, ii. 59

Azeca, Bridge of, 11. 192

Azido, Jozé Dias, i. 74