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The boke of Saint Albans

Chapter 283: Here ye shaƚƚ diligently merke armys barrit and lees barrid.
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This compilation assembles practical treatises aimed at readers interested in field pursuits and armorial practice. It is organized into separate tractates that give procedural guidance on falconry and hunting, and a section on heraldry and coat-armour; later printings appended a manual on fishing. The text mixes technical vocabulary, rules of etiquette, and hands-on instruction, preserving distinctive period orthography and marginalia; parts are anonymous while one hunting tract bears a colophon attributing its compilation to Dame Juliana Berners.

Armys ther be also īdentyd ou̇wart and partyt. And they be calde indentyd for theyre colowris as is sayd afore ar put oon in to an othir bi the maner of mennis tethe. And it shaƚƚ be sayd of him that beris theys armys in thys wyse. first in latyn thus.

Portat arma ꝑtita extransu̇so īdentata de auro et asorio as afore is rehersit. Et gallice sic.

Il port ꝑtiee de trauers dor et dasor endentee. Anglice sic ¶ He berith armys ꝑtyt ou̇warte indentytt of golde and asure

And to reherse moore of ꝑtyt armys ou̇warte it nedisnot for it is rehersyt sufficientli in the rules next afore ī armys ꝑtyt on lengthe. Therfore it shaƚƚ not be rehersytt here agayn. quia inutilis est repeticio vnius ad eiusdem. and that is to say It is an vnꝓfitabuƚƚ rehersyng of oon thyng to reherse the saame a gayn in the next sentans. Therfore to speke moore of armys partit and figure theym: other of ingraylit or irrasit inueckyt indentit nebulatyt and vndatyt: it nedys not. for they be taght sufficiently ī the long way. ¶ And I beleue it shaƚƚ be hard to fynde mony moo armys ꝑtyt afṫ the long way or ou̇wart then ar rehersit a fore Neu̇ the lees if any be founde or sene. in theym the same rules shaƚƚ be obseruit: as is rehersit a fore. and it is enogh for aƚƚ armys on that man̄ to be blasit that any gentyƚƚ man berith ꝑtyt.

Off armys the wich ar calde cheiff or an hede I wiƚƚ shewe.

Sotheli certan men wolde: yt theys armys after rehersitt shulde be calde armys ꝑtyt. the wich certanli ir rfor yt: that ther is no verri ꝑticion of the colouris or any liclenes of dyuision of colouris. Certanly in armys ꝑtit it is requyrit alway that the ꝑtys of the colouris be equaƚƚ. and that is not trew in this figure. for the moore ꝑte by mych is Siluer. Therfore ye shaƚƚ say of him that beris theys armys thꝰ first in latyn. ¶ Portat de argento et caput scutti de asorio cū duabus maculis ꝑforatis de auro. Gallice sic. ¶ Il port dargent vng cheiff dasor et deux molettis ꝑtees dor. Et anglice sic. ¶ He berith Siluer a Cheiff or a Cheftan of asure and ij. molettys ꝑforat of golde.

¶ And ye shaƚƚ knaw that ī theys armys the rule afore wretyn most be considerit that is to say: that at the Coon it is to begyn to blase if that colowre of the Coon be gretter or more copyous coloure in armys as it is sayd afore And more ouer it is to be merkyt that no armis awe to be calde ꝑtyt armis bot iff they be made of .ij. colouris onys partit and no more for armys palit ar not callit: nor awe not to be calde partyt armys aƚƚ thogh they be made of ij. colouris for thes colowris not allonli onys bot dyuerse tymys ar partyt as here apperis And theys armys be calde palit armys for they be made bi the maṅ of palis. And it shaƚƚ be sayd of hym that beris theys armys ī latyn thus. Portat arma palata de auro et asorio. Gallice sic. ¶ Il port pale dor et dasor. Anglice sic. ¶ He berith pale of golde and asure.

Off armys palit vndatit now here it shaƚƚ be shewyt.

Palyt armys oftyme ar founde vndatyt that is to say watteri as here apperis. And theys be calde polyt armys vndatyt to the differance of barrit armys vndatyt. the wich armys barrit may also be vndatyt as after shaƚƚ be shewyt. And it shaƚƚ be sayd of him that beris theys armys thus in latyn Portat arma palata vndata vel vndosa de rubio et argēto. Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port polee vndee de gowlez et dargent. Et anglice sic. ¶ He berith paly vndatyt of gowles and Siluer.

¶ Off armys palit crokyt and sharpe now I wiƚƚ speke.

Loke and beholde how mony maner of wyse thes palit armys be borne dyuerseli. as it is shewyt in thys boke. and theis armys now shewyt here: be calde palit crokyt and sharpe. for in theys armys .ij. coloris paly ar put to gethir: oon in to an othir crokytly and sharpe. Therfore it shaƚƚ be sayd of hī the wich beris thes armis in thys wyse. first ī latyn thus. ¶ Portat arma palata tortuosa acuta de nigro et argento. Gallice sic. ¶ Il port pale daunsete de Sable et dargent. Anglice sic. ¶ He berith pale crokyt and sharpe of Sable and Syluer.

Off armys barrit playn now here it shaƚƚ be shewyt.

Here ī thys chapyture afore is determynyt of palit armis and in thys chapyture now folowyng it shaƚƚ be determynyt of barrit armys. for the wich it shaƚƚ be know that armys may be mony maner of wyse barrit. and the first maner of wyse is playn barrit. as here apperis. And ye shaƚƚ know that ther be certan armys barrit playn. and then ye shaƚƚ nott nede to say ī the blasyng of theys armys: he berith playne armys barrit. Bot ī aƚƚ othyr disperyng armys barrit: ye most nedys declare the blasyng of theym howe thoos barrit armys differ from playn. for sū be barrit wt a Lyon raumpyng or a grehonde or odir beestis &̄ sū be barrit & powderit with cros croslettys molettys Scresentis smale briddis or other difference bot as for theys playn armis afore ye shal say in latyn in thys wyse. Portat arma barrata de argento & nigro Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port barre dargent et Sable. Anglice sic. ¶ He berith barri of Siluer and Sable

¶ Off barrit armys vndatit now I wyƚƚ shew as apperith.

Knaw ye for ċtan that armys barrit othir wile be barrit &̄ vndatit that is to say wateri. as here it apperith. And they be called barrit vndatit for they be made of .ij. colouris metyng to gedre by the maner of a floyng watre as it is opyn afore. And ye shaƚƚ say of hym that beris theis armys ī this wyse. first ī latyn thus ¶ Portat arma barrata vndata de nigro et albo Gallice sic. ¶ Il port barri vndee de Sable et dargent. Anglice sic. ¶ He beris barri vndatit of Sable and Siluer.

¶ Off armys barrit and inueckyt ye shale haue exemple

Barrit armys inueckyt ar borne of diuerse gentiƚƚ men. as here is shewyd. And thay ar called inueckyt for in eueri barre .ij. colouris ar put inueckyt by the maner of a rounde way as is sayd afore. And he yt beris this armys beris in thys wyse. first in latyn thus. ¶ Portat arma barrata de coloribus rubeo et albo inuectis. Et gallice sic.
¶ Il port barri verree de gowlez et dargent. Anglice sic. ¶ He berith barri inuetkyt of gowles and Siluer. ¶ And I begyn with gowles for that coloure is the first in the right corneƚƚ.

Off armys barryt crokyt and sharppe as here afṫ is shewit.

Gentill men ther be certanli the wich bere armis barrid crokyt and sharpe as here it apperith in theys armys. and thay be called armys barrit for differance of armys the same maṅ of wyse palit: and thay be called crokyt and sharpe. for as it is sayd a fore .ij colowris ar put to gethyr crokytli and sharpe. Thefore it shaƚƚ be sayd that the lorde the wich beris theys armys berith in this wyse. first ī latyn Ille portat arma barrata tortuosa et acuta de nigro et auro. Et gallice sic ¶ Il port barri dauncetee acute de Sable et dor Anglice sic. ¶ He berith barris crokyt and sharpe of Sable and golde.

Now it shaƚƚ be shewyd of armys that ar bendly barryt.

Ther be forsothe certan armys bendli barrit. and thei be called bendly barrit. and for this cause they be calde bendly barrit. for .ij. colouris ar iunyt to gether in euery barre bendly. as it is opyn here ī theis armis And therfore it shaƚƚ be sayd of him that beris theis armys: in this wyse as folowis. first in latyn thus. ¶ Ipse portat arma bendaria de rubio et auro. Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port barre bendee de gowlez et dor. Anglice sic. ¶ He berith barri bendy of gowles and golde.
¶ Bot neuer the lees ye most dyltgentli attende in the blasyng of sych armys: as palyt barrit and bendyt. for and they ben not suttelly consauyt a man sodanly onsweryng may lightly in thoos armys be dissayuyt. For certanly thoos armys be callede palyt armys in the wich ar fownde so many palys of oon colowre as ar of an other. And iff the palys of bothe the colowris ben not equaƚƚ thoos armys be not palyt.

¶ In diuerse armys of gentiƚƚ men be fownde .ij. palis of oon colowre. and .iij. of an other as here in theis armys folowyng it shaƚƚ be shewed. that is to say ther be .iij. palys of gowles and .ij. of golde for of the colowre of reede apperith .iij. partes in the shelde and bot ij. allone of the colowre of golde Therfore the gētiƚƚ man that berith theis armys: beris ī this wise & thus ye shaƚƚ say of him. first in latyn thus. Portat duos palos aureos in campo rubeo. Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port de gowllez et deux pales dor. Et anglice sic. He berith gowlys and .ij. palis of golde.

Here ye shaƚƚ diligently merke armys barrit and lees barrid.

Ye most also dilygently attende to the nombre of both too colowris in armys palyt barrit or lees barrit of the wich lyttyƚƚ barris ye most be ware when thay be fownde in armys. as here it is shewyd in theys armys. for sych lynes be called lyttiƚƚ barris to the differance of littiƚƚ barris. And it shaƚƚ be sayde that the gentiƚƚ man the wich berith theys armys beris in this thys wyse. first in latyn thus as folowis ¶ Portat vnam barram et duas barulas de albo in campo rubio Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port de gowlez vng barree et deux barrelettee dargent. Et anglice sic. ¶ He berith gowles oon barre and .ij. liteƚƚ barris of Syluer.

Now I wyƚƚ speke of armys barrid &̄ liteƚƚ barris florishyt

Beholde how the forsayd letiƚƚ barris ar othyrwyle made florishingli & than thei be calde florishyt as here ī thys scochon. And they be calde florishit: for they be made bi ye maner of a flowre deluce. And ye shaƚƚ say of him that is possessor of theys armys ī thys wise as folowys. first in latyn thus. Portat vnam barram et duas barulas floridas albas in scuto siue campo blodio. Gallice sic. Il port dasor vng barriee et deux barrelettes florit dargent. Anglice sic. He berith asure oon bar and .ij. litiƚƚ barris florishyt of Syluer.

Now I intende to speke of bendys in armys as here.

Other wyle ther is borne in armys a bende as is founde ī dyuerse armys of certan noble gentilmen as here now itt shaƚƚ beshewyt. And ye moost knawe that it is calde a bende the wich begynnys at the right corner or the horne of the shelde: and discendith to ye lefte side of the same sheelde: to the differans of fissures or of liteƚƚ stauys of the wich it shaƚƚ be spokyn after. And of hym that has theys armys ye shaƚƚ say thus as folowys. first in latyn. ¶ Portat vnam bendam de rubio in campo aureo. Gallice sic. ¶ Il port dor vng bende de gowlez. Anglice sic. ¶ He berit h golde &̄ a bende of gowles.

Off liteƚƚ bendys in armys now here is an exempuƚƚ.

Knaw ye how afore it is sayd that certan littyƚƚ barris ar borne ī armys mony tymys. On the same maner of wise ar borne littiƚƚ bendys as here it shaƚƚ be shewyt. And they be calde bendyllys to the differans of grete bendys as it is opyn. And of hym that beris theys thꝰ it shaƚƚ be sayd. first in latyn as here folowys. Portat vnam bendam & duas bendulas de auro ī campo blodeo. Et gallice sic. Il port dasor vng bend et deux bendelettis dor. Anglice sic. He berith asure a bende and .ij. bendils of golde. And thes bendyls ar othirwyle florishyt as is shewyt in the figure a fore in barris. And in diu̇se armys they be founde that they be chenyt. And sum be powderit with molettis. and sum with odir dyfferans the wich nedys not to be figurit here

¶ Off armys palit and bendyt now here it shaƚƚ be shewyde

The best maner of wyse certanly of beryng of dyu̇se armys in oon sheelde is in theys bendys bering for a man that has a patrimony left by his fadyr. And other certan londys by his modyr cumyng to him to the wich londys of his moderis ar appropurt armys of olde tyme for it may hap that theys armys coom to hir by the way and discent of hir progenyturis. then may the hayre and hym list bere the hooƚƚ armys of his fadyr in ye hooƚƚ sheelde. And ī syche a bende he may bere his moderis armys as here in the scochon afor apperis. And it shaƚƚ be sayd of him that beris theys armys in latyn thus. Portat arma palata de argento et rubio cum vna benda de nigro. Gallice sic. Il port palee dargent et de gowles et vng bende de sabuƚƚ. Anglice sic. He berith palee of Syluer and gowles with a bende of sabuƚƚ.

¶ And othyrwyle ī syche a bende ther is founde .iij. molettys or macules of golde.

Off armys bende fusillyt here now I wiƚƚ exempuƚƚ.

More ou̇ ther be founde in armys other certan bendys to sū man strange from theys. and here I wyƚƚ shew to yow a bende the wich is calde a bende fusillit: as here apperith in this scochon. And it is calde fusullit for it is made aƚƚ of fusillis of the wich certan fusillis more shaƚƚ be spokyn afṫward. Bot he the wich has theys armys beris in latyn thus. Portat vnam bendam fusillatum de auro in campo asorio Gallice sic. Il port dasor vng bendee fusillee dor. Anglice sic. ¶ He berith asure a bende fusillit of golde.

¶ And thys bende mony tymys is borne with strangeris and specialli in Burgon.

Here now it shaƚƚ be spokyn̄ of dyuerse borduris ī armys.

Bordures many and dyu̇se ar founde ī armys and ar borne of many nobuƚƚ men: of the wich sum be playn. sum īgraylit. sum talentit. sum playn powderit. sum chekerit. sum gobonettyt. sum inueckyt. of the wiche it shaƚƚ be spokyn eu̇yche oon after ordir. And first of playne borduris I wiƚƚ speke as here it apperis. And the bordure is calde playne when it is made playn of oon colowre aloon. as here in thys scochon. And it shaƚƚ be sayde of hym that is possessor of theys armys first in latyn thꝰ ¶ Portat tres rosas rubias in campo argenteo cum vna bordura de rubio. Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port dargent trois rosis de goulez et vng bordure de gowles. Et anglice sic ¶ He berith Siluer .iij. rosis of gowles and a bordure of gowles.

Off armys bordurit and ingraylit now here folowys exemple

Armys with a bordure ingraylit other while ar borne of certan nobuƚƚ men as here now is shewit in thys scochon. And syche a bordure is calde a bordure ingraylit for the colowre of hym is put gre by gre in to the felde of tharmys as it is opyn here. And the possessor of theys armys beris ī latyn tong thus as folowys. ¶ Portat arma de auro fymbriata siue bordurata de nigro ingradata cum tribus maculis perforatis de nigro. Gallice sic. ¶ Il port dor trois mullettis perforatee de Sable vng borduree ingraylee de Sable. Anglice sic. ¶ He berith golde .iij. molettis perforatit of Sabuƚƚ and a bordure ingraylit of Sabuƚƚ.

Now of armys borderit and talentit I wiƚƚ shew exemple.

Ther is borne in armys a certan bordure talentit as here. and it is not necessari here to expres the colowre of the talentis or besantis: for thay be euer of golde. And it shaƚƚ be sayd of him that beris thes armis in thys wyse first in latyn thus. ¶ Portat vnum signum capitale de rubio in campo albo borduratum cum rubio talentatim. Gallice sic. Il port dargent vng cheueron de gowlez borduree de gowlez talentee. Et anglice sic. ¶ He berith siluer a Cheueron of gowles bordurit with gowles talentyt.

¶ Off armys bordurit hauyng .ij. Cheuerons of siluer & ċ.

Understonde ye that certan tymys a bordure is borne in armys powderit dyuerse ways other wyle with molettis with rosis or with littyƚƚ crossis or with besantis or oder dyu̇se. And it is calde a bordure powderit when any thyng is ī that bordure: of what sum eu̇ signe it be. as it is sayd a fore. and theys signys as rosis moletis and other ar not countit for ċtan nombur: for ye nombur of that powderyng excedis the nombur of ix And then yt bordure is calde powderit as here. And ye shaƚƚ say that the possessor of theys armys beris in this wyse as folowys. first in latyn thus. ¶ Portat vnum scutum de rubio cum duobus signis capitalibus de albo et vna bordura pulu̇isota cum talentis. Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port de gowlez deux Cheuerons dargent et vng bordure de gowlez powdree telentee. Anglice sic. He berith gowles .ij. Cheuerons of Syluer and a bordure powderit with besantis.

¶ Yit ther is an other maner bordure that is calde Cheekert.

We haue yit an other bordure in armys the wich is calde a bordure chekkerit. And it is calde a chekkerit bordure for hit is made of .ij. colowris by the maner of a Chekker as here it apperis. And it shaƚƚ be sayd of hym the wich beris theys armys in this wyse as folowys. first in latyn thus. Portat vnam crucem rubiam planam ī campo argenteo cum vna bordura scaccata de nigro et argento. Et gallice sic. Il port dargent vng croys playn de gowles borduree chekkee de Sable et dargent. Et anglice sic. He berith Siluer oon cros playn of gowles a bordure chekkerit with Sabuƚƚ &̄ Siluer.

Off borduris gobonatit now here is an exempuƚƚ.

Knaw ye more ou̇ that yit by side theys armys the wich I haue spoke of afore wt borduris: ther is an other bordure that is calde a bordure gobonatit. as here it shaƚƚ be shewyt ī thys scooehon next folowyng. And hit is calde gobonatyt for hit is made of ij. colouris quadratli ioynyt. yt is to say of blacke &̄ white. & of hym that beris theys armys ye shaƚƚ sey in latyn thus as foloyis ¶ Portat de argento & duas bendas de nigro cū una bordura de nigro et albo gobonata. Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port dargent deux bendee et vng bordure de sable et dargent Anglice sic. ¶ He berith siluer ij bendys of Sable with a bordure gobonatit of Sable & siluer

¶ And thys same bordure baare that nobuƚƚ prynce the duke of Gloucestyr brothyr to that nobuƚƚ weriowre Kyng henri the fifth: the wich royaƚƚ duke bare in his armys the hooƚƚ armys of Fraunce and of Englond quartly with a bordure gobonatit of Siluer and sable as is shewyt in diu̇se placis. And to blase theys armys it nedis not to be rehersit. for it is suffisciently taght afore in diuerse placis.

¶ Item of borduris had in armys of colowris inueekyt.

Ther be yit borduris ī armys of ij. colowris inueckyt. as here in thys figure apperis. and hit is calde a bordure inueckyt for hit is made of .ij. colowris to gedyr inueckyt. And ye shaƚƚ say of hym the wich berith theys armys in latyn thus. Portat arma quarṫiata de rubio et auro cum vna bordura de argento et nigro simul inuectis. Et gallice sic. ¶ Il port quartelee de gowlez et dor ouesqꝫ vng bordure verre dargent et de sable. Anglice sic

¶ He berith quartly gowles and golde with a bordure inuekkyt of siluer and sable.