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The Book of the Fly / A nature study of the house-fly and its kin, the fly plague and a cure cover

The Book of the Fly / A nature study of the house-fly and its kin, the fly plague and a cure

Chapter 20: TABLE OF WING CELLS AND VEINS
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About This Book

A practical natural history of the common house-fly and its kin that combines field observation, anatomical description, and public-health advice. It covers identification and life cycle, contrasts related fly species and their habits, and outlines morphology and metamorphosis. The work examines patterns of distribution and breeding, surveys natural enemies, and assesses the role of flies in transmitting disease and contamination. Emphasis is placed on remedial measures such as sanitation, refuse disposal, household control, and coordinated campaigns, while later chapters note occasional useful services of flies and offer technical aids for identification, including wing charts, illustrations, a glossary, and descriptive appendices.

O, 1.—Costal Cell (undivided), or Costal Areolet.

O, 1a1.—The Humeral Cell }

O, 1a2.—Second Costal Cell } Costal Cell, when divided.

O, 1b.—Subcostal Cell }

O, 2.—Marginal Cell (resting on V, 2).

O, 3.—Submarginal Cell (resting on V, 3).

O, 41.—Cell resting on 41 (the 1st part of V, 4), a "basal" cell.

O, 42.—Cell resting on 42 (the 2nd part of V, 4).

O, 4b.—Cell resting on 4b (a lower branch of V, 4).

O, 51.—Cell resting on 51 (the 1st part of V, 5), a "basal" cell.

O, 52.—Cell resting on 52 (the 2nd part of V, 5), a "discal" cell.

O, 53.—Cell resting on 53 (the 3rd part of V, 5), a "marginal" cell.

O, 6.—The Anal Cell.

O, 7.—The Axillary Cell.

O, 8.—The Subaxillary Cell.

O, 9.—The Alula, or Axillary Lobe.

V, c (or C).—The Costal Vein, or Costa, bounding the front Margin.

V, c1a.—Part of the Costa (often ciliated and spined) reaching to the end of V, 1a.

V, 1a.—The upper branch of the V, 1.

V, 1b.—The lower branch of the V, 1.

V, 2.—Second (longitudinal) Vein.

V, 2b.—Lower branch of V, 2.

V, 3.—Third or Cubital Vein.

V, s.—The "Vena Spuria," a thickening of the wing (characteristic of Syrphidæ), an imperfect V between V, 3 and V, 4 crossing X, 4.

V, h.—A "Hang" V (or Appendix) a more or less irregular incomplete V.

V, 4.—Fourth Vein, often much branching.

V, 5.—Fifth Vein.

V, 6.—The Anal Vein.

V, 7.—The Axillary Vein.

X, 1a.—The Humeral Cross-vein, connecting V, 1a to V, c.

X, 1b.—The Subcostal X-vein, connecting V, 1b to V, 1a.

X, 2.—Cross-vein connecting V, 2 to V, 1b.

X, 4.—Discal, Middle, or Central X-vein.

X, 51.—Lower Cross-vein, connecting V, 51 to V, 4.

X, 52.—Lower Marginal Cross-vein, connecting V, 52 to V, 4 (or to some branch of V, 4).

X, 6.—Anal Cross-vein.