The Book of the Sword

INDEX.

Abderites, 212
Abella, sword and shield of the people of, 264 n
Abraham and the Egyptians, 103;
his origin, 150 n
Abyssinia, native copper from, 63 n
Abyssinian lance, 270
— Sword, 163 sq., 237
Acacia detinens (‘Wait-a-bit’), 6
Acanthurus (‘surgeon’ or lancet-fish), 10
Accad inscription (Babylonia), 199
Accensi Velati (Roman soldiers), 245
Achæans of the Caucasus, 195 n
Achæmenes, 208
Achilles’ shield, 212, 223
— spear pointed with chalcos, 55 n
‘Acies instructa’ and ‘sinuata’ (Roman army), 245
Acies (of a weapon), 107 n
Acinaces, not a scymitar, 227 n
Acinaces, Persian, 210;
with golden ornaments, 212
Aclys (archaic weapon), 35 n
‘Adaga’ of mediæval writers, 12
Adam Kadmon, 2
Adam primus, 2 n
Adam, the Hebrew, 149
Adámas (steel), 221
Adargue (Moorish), 12 n
Adder-pike or sting-fish (Trachinus vipera), 11
Adonis (= Tammuz), 187
Adscriptii (Roman soldiers), 245 n
Adze, 20 n;
of copper, 67
— blades of shells and pinna, 47
Æs corinthiacum, 85 n;
ægineticum, 87;
demonnesium, ib.;
nigrum, ib.;
deliacum, ib.;
caldarium, 88;
græcanicum, ib.
Ægyptus (meaning of the word in Homer), 145 n
Æolipylæ (αἰόλου πύλαι), 31 n
Ærugo (or verdigris) from a spear (Achilles’), 60
Æs and Æris metalla (their meaning in Pliny), 58 n
Afghan Charay, 212
— language, 210 n
Africa (its mineral wealth unexplored), 63
— the Sword in, 162
African antelopes, 9
— bellows, 120 sq.
— Telak (arm-knife), 162
Africo-Arab weapons, 163
‘Afterthought,’ 1
Afzal Khan (Moslem General of Aurangzeb), 8
Agate splinter (for wooden Swords), 47
Agave (American), 6;
used for paper-making, 50 n
‘Age of Wood’, 31
‘Ages’, 22 n
Agesilaus, army of, 241
Ἀγκύλη (Greek throw-stick), 34
‘Agmen pilatum’ and ‘quadratum’ (Roman army), 245
Agreutic (age of primitive Archæology), 5 n
Agriculture in Ancient Egypt, 148
Ahasuerus (= Xerxes), 210
Airain (derivation), 84
Aji (black stone), Japanese use of, for weapons, 52
Aka, Akhu (Ancient Egyptian axe), 89, 158
Akkad (= Upper Babylonia), 104 n
Ἀκινάκης, 90 n
Alabaster pommels at Mycenæ, 231, 233
Albanian castes, 241 n
— yataghan, 265
Alemanni (Germani), weapons of the, 270
Alexander the Great, 209
Alfânge (Iberian; El-Khanjar), 29
Algebra in Assyria, 202 n
Alipes (Mercury), 1
Alkinde (Ondanique), 110
Alle-barde (Teutonic weapon), 92
Allophyllian or Agglutinative Turanian, 146
Alloy (derivation of the word), 74 n
Alloys of copper, 53, 57
— proportions of, 83;
table of alloys in common use, 83 sq.
Aloe (Socotrine), 6
Alorus, king of Babylonia, 199
Aluminium, 81 n
Alyattes, tomb of, 194
Alphabet (whence it came), 51 n, 147
— Hindú, 219 n
— of Troy, 193
Amber, 48, 87
Ambidexter Swordsmen, 185
Ambrum (= amber), 87
American broad-axe, 128
Amestris (= Esther), 210 n
Amphictyony of the Ionians, 194
Amukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214
Amun Ra, 149 n
Amygdaloid greenstone (‘toad-stone’), 103 n
Analysis of a copper knife-blade, 69;
of so-called ‘bronzes,’ 70;
of Assyrian bronze, 81
Anchor, the original, 119 n
Ancient Britain, centre of bronze industry, 276
— Britons, account of the, 277
— Cypriote characters, 225
— German method of warfare, 273
— Greece, extent of, 242 n
— Hellas, metallurgy of, 220
— Indians, 213
— Indian anthropology, 213
— Irish, character of the, 279
— Roman army (its constitution), 245
— Rome (her rôle in history), 244
Ancile (sacred shield) of æs, 56
Andahualas valley (meaning of the name), 67 n
Andamanese (unable to kindle fire), 2 n
Andanicum (Ondanique), 110
Andena (ductile and malleable iron: Avicenna), 107
Andes (derivation of the name), 67
Andromeda legend, the, 180 n
Andro-Sphinx (Egypt), 190 n
Anelace, 263
Angels, the weapon of the, 237
Angle of cutting instruments, 131 sq.
— of resistance, 132
Anglo-Saxon invasion of England, 275
‘Anguimanus’ (the elephant), 3 n
Animals in Assyrian bas-reliefs, 203
— (lower) born armed, 2
Anjan (iron-wood), 112
Anlas, 263
‘Annæus’ monument, 258 n
Annals of Babylon, 200
Anta (copper: Quichua), 67
Antelope (Indian) horns used for daggers, 11
Antelopes’ horns used in fishing, 27;
as lance-points, 28
Antepilani (Roman soldiers), 247 sq.
Antesignani (Roman soldiers), 247
Anthropology, Ancient Indian, 213
— of the pagans, 21 sq.
Antimonial bronze, 81 n
Antiquity of bronze in the Nile region, 275
— of iron and steel, 98
Antiseptic charcoal, 250 n
Antler of red deer as a thrusting-weapon, 28
Anvils, 120
Aor (= Sword, in Homer), 222;
etymology of the word, 224 n
Apes, 2
Aphrodite or Venus, account of, 187 n
Apis-tombs of Memphis, 190 n
Apollo and Python, 180
Apophis (serpent: Egypt), 183
Arabian weapons, 185
Arabic name for sabre, 123
Arab scymitar belonging to King of Kishakkha, 162
Arabs and Egyptians, contrast of, 144
Aram wine, 173 n
Ararat of Noah’s ark, the, 202
Arbotana, 14 n
Arblast (enlarged arcus), 19
Arch, Egyptian, 201
Archæology, primitive, 5 n
Archaic names of metals, table of, 122
— tools from Wari Gaon, 110
Archal (= aurichalcum), 85 n
Archangels (whence borrowed), 149
Archer (fish: Toxotes), 7
Archers (Ancient Egyptian army), 154
— Assyrian, 206
— in Homer, 222
Archery, Scythian, 19 n
Architects, Ancient Roman, 245
Architecture, Assyrian, 201
— in Ancient Egypt, 148
— in Hellas, 241
— origin of, 15
Arcubalista (crossbow), 19
Argentiferous copper (liquation of, in Japan), 83
— galena, 88
Argus-pheasant (Indian bird), 9
Aries (sea-ram; Delphinus orca), 7
Aries-shaped Sword, 141
Ariminium, coins cast in, 265
Arithmetic in Ancient Egypt, 148
Arjuna’s Sword, 217
Arka (Calatropis gigantea), 218
Arme blanche, 6
Armes d’hast, 6, 246 n
Armenia, 209 n
Armenian inscriptions, 200
Armidoctores, 249 n
Armilla of bronze, Etruscan, 196
Armlets of bronze (Etruscan), 30
Armorial badges (= rank), 141 sq.
Armour (derivation of the word), 244
— made in Cyprus, 188
— of Ancient Egyptian soldiers, 152 sqq.
Armour of elephants, 216
— of Goliath, 186
Arms among the Ancient Romans, 244 sq.
— and Armour of Ancient Roman soldiers, 246 sqq.
— manufactory in Etruria, 198
— of Hannibal and his troops, 268
— of the Keltic Gauls, 266 sq.
— of Persian troops, 210
Army of the Ancient Egyptians, 152 sqq.
Ἅρπη (sharp sickle), 180
Arrows, 11, 154
— made of reed, 28
Arrow-heads in Ancient Gallic and German graves, 274 n
— of deer-horn, 24;
of bone, 25;
of bamboo, 26;
of flint-flakes, ib.;
of pinna and shells, 47
Arrow-piles of copper, 65
Arrow-throwers (epithet of the Argives), 222
Art and science in Ancient Egypt, 147
Art of the Hittites, 176
‘Artemis’ (Diana) of the Ephesians, 192 n
Articulate language (origin of), 74 n
Artificial calamine, 86
— malachite, 72
Aryan (language), 146 n
Aryans, 76
Asclepias gigantea, 111
Asclepius (Berytus), 75
Ashanti Sword-knife, 167
Ashur (Assyrian), 200, 207
Ashuth (fused or cast metal; Hebrew), 103
Asia, ancient mines of copper and lead in, 63
Asidhenu (dagger: Hindú), 215
Asidevatá (Sword-god produced by Brahma), 214
Askelon (site of), 186 n
Asp (Cobra di capello; Coluber Haja), 33 n
Ass (its method of defence), 7
Assegai used as a razor by the Amazulu, 14
Assyria (etymology of the word), 177
Assyrian architecture, 201
— bas-reliefs, 176, 201
— books, 201 n
— bronzes, 104 n
— daggers, 159, 205
— executioner, 207
— fashion of wearing the Sword, 206, 239
— fortifications, 203
— hand-daggers, 185
— inscriptions (Bayrut), 200 n
— invasion of Egypt, 200
— magic, 202 n
— metallurgy, 81, 202;
bronze, 81
— names for the Sword, 123
— robe, 175
— skill in arts, 202
— soldiers, 206
— Sphinx, 190 n
Assyrians of Xerxes’ army (their weapons), 105
Astrolabe in Assyria, 202 n
Astronomy in Ancient Egypt, 148
— of Mesopotamia, 200 n
Asuras (mighty demons: Hindú), 213
Atacamite (submuriate of copper), 68
Athenæus on the Sword, 242 sq.
Athletics, Ancient Roman, 249
Athor or Hathor (‘goddess of copper’), 62, 69
Atlantis, 85 n
Attábo, King Blay of, 142
Auctoramentum (pay of the Bestiarii), 253
Augustin’s rendering of ‘framea,’ 271
Aurichalcum, 85
Aurochs, 30 n
Australian club (development), 39
Authentic annals of England, beginning of the, 275
Autochthones of Cyprus, 187
Avicenna’s description of iron, 106
Axe (as a weapon), 20, 90 sq.;
of copper and stone, 67
— (derivation of the word), 91 n
Axe-heads of pure copper, 57
Ayri (cutting instruments; Peru), 67
‘Azagay’ (in Spanish and Portuguese), 42 n
Azure (in heraldry; derivation), 140 n
Baal Suteckh (Hittite War-god), 173
Baal-Zephon, site of, 175 n
Babanga (Sword; Gaboon), 165
Babel, Tower of, 55
Baboons, 2
Babylon, conquest of, 209
Babylonia, account of, 199 sq.;
civilisation in, 200
Babylonian chronology, 199 n
Backsword, 123;
Chinese, 64
Bagpipe, origin of the, 120
Báhuyuddha (class of weapons, Hindú), 214
Baïonette Gras, 94, 134
Balanitis Aegyptiaca (= Persea; Egyptian ‘Tree of Life’), 202 n
Balawat, bronze gates of, 202
Baldur the Beautiful, 178
Baleares (‘Slinging-Isles’), 19 n
Balestarius (= crossbow-man), 185
Balistæ (Roman artillery), 19, 249
Batistes capriscus (‘file-fish’), 9
Ballistics, 16
Balloons, 31 n
Ball-steel (Chinese), 114
Bamboo (blades made of), 12, 14 n;
arrow-heads, 26
‘Bamboo-grass,’ 12
‘Bantu’ (Folk), 3 n
Ban Umha (white copper: Keltic), 65
‘Barbarian,’ history of the word, 261 n
Barbarism of the ancient Germans, 273
Bards of Greece, the age of the, 220
Barylithic (glacial Drift) age, 5 n
Barrows, Cimbrian (finds in), 274
Barzil (iron: Hebrew), 103
Basalt-splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Basket-hilt of a Sword, 124, 126 n
Bas-reliefs of Assyria, 176, 201
— of Khorsabad, 209
— of Persepolis, 209
Baswa knife (Upper Congo), 170
Bâton ferré, 20
Battering-ram, Assyrian, 203
Battle-axe of pure copper, 70
Battle-gear of gold, 212
Battle-scene in sculpture (Cuttack), 216
Bauldric, 206
Beaked axe, 95
Bears, polar, 3
Bechwana club-axe, 93
Bedstead of iron (of Og, King of Bashan), 103
Beheading fallen foes (Gallic custom), 269
Beheading Sword, Cutch, 168
Behistun Inscription, the, 209 n, 226
Belagerungs-balister, 19
Belemnites (‘thunder-stone’), 21 n
Bel and the Dragon, 180, 183
‘Bell-metal,’ 84
Bellows, invention of, 119
Bellows of bullock’s hide, 111
Bellows-nozzles of copper, 68
Bells on a Sword-sheath, 169
Βέλος, 6
Benipe (meaning of the word), 99, 101
Bent Swords, Javanese, 218
Beny Adam meshood, 2
Bergbarthe (mine-picks; German), 91
Berytus (Asclepius), 75
Bestiarii (gladiators), 251, 253
Bhawáni (Sívají’s Sword), 8 n
Bibasis (gymnastic dance), 239
Bíchwa (weapon used by Sívají), 8 n
Bilbilis (river: Lusitania), 266 n
Bil-Kan (Assyrian god), 182
Bill (derivation of the word), 94 n
Bill-hooks of copper, 67
Birds (their methods of attack and defence), 9
Bird’s-head-shaped missiles, 37
Birth of literature in Greece, 202 n
Bisarme or Guisarme, 95
‘Biscayan’ shape (of Swords), 135
Bitumen used to fix flint-chips in wooden weapons, 49
‘Black chalcos,’ 77
Black Pagoda (Madras), wrought iron in, 109
Black sand, 102
Blade of a Sword, 124
Blasrohr (blow-tube), 14 n
Blende (sulphuret of zinc), 84;
derivation of the word, 84 n
Bloma ferri, 114 n
Bloom (of iron), 114 n
Bloomary (= bloomery), 114 n
Bloomeries (ancient furnaces), 114 n
Blow-pipe, 14;
of copper, 67
Blue basalt, 100
Blue-stone (sulphate of copper, blue copperas), 60
Boars’-hoofs used as armour, 29 n
Boar, wild (its method of attack), 12
Boians (Etruria), 196
Bolas (slings), 19
Bombola (birthplace of Martial), 266 n
‘Bone Age,’ 23
‘Bone-and-stone-using people,’ 23
Bone as a base to carry trenchant substances, 27
Bone-club of Nootka Sound Indians, 25
Bone-handles for Swords and daggers, 27
Bone-knives, 26;
-daggers, 26, 27
Bone-points to weapons, 23
Boomerang, 19;
derivation of the word, 33 n;
Indian specimens, 35;
its movement explained, 35 sq.
Boomerang-sword, 39;
in Ancient Egypt, 155
Boot (derivation of the word), 175
Borax used for soldering, 85 n
Boundaries demarked by the axe, 91
Bouterolles of a Sword, 124 n
Bowie-knife bayonet, 134 n
Bow (derivation of the word), 19 n
— of a Sword, 125
— of Vishnu, the, 213
— the, in Ancient Gaul and Germany, 274 n
— and arrow among the Ancient Hindús, 215
Bows and arrows used by the Ancient Romans, 245
Bows, ancient Egyptian, 154
Boxing, 7
‘Boycotting’ St. Paul, 185
Bracchæ (breeches), 269 n
Bracelet of copper, 73 n
‘Brave Master Shoe-tye, the great traveller’ 3 n
Brande or Bronde (Sword), 123
Braquemart, 123
Brass early in Christian era, 84;
derivation of the word, 85
‘Brass’ guns, 56
‘Brass’ in the A. V. of the Bible, 56
Breast-belt, gladiatorial, 253
Breastplates of copper, 68
Breeches (etymology of the word), 269 n
Breitsachs (Ancient German weapon), 272
Brennus, 267
Bridal presents of Ancient Germans, 273
Bridle of gold, 212
Brise-épées, 138
Britain (‘Ynis Prydhain’ Island), 77 n
British Sword in the Tower, 263
Broad-axe (American squatters’), 128
Broadsword, various forms of, 96, 123
Bronze, 22 n, 74 sqq.
‘Bronze Age,’ 22 n, 23 n
— Age in Britain, 275
— Age in Switzerland, 275
— Age of Scandinavian Goths, 274
— armlets, Etruscan, 30
— armour, 80
— armour-suit (Roman cavalry), 248
— arms of the Gauls, 267
— arrow-heads, Carthaginian, 181
— casting in, 80
— chisels, 79
— daggers, 78 n, 80
— defensive armour (Roman), 254
— derivation of the word, 77
— door-sockets, Assyrian, 202
— hardening of, 53
— hatchets in wooden handles, 154
— in Great Britain, source of, 275
— knives, 80
— lancehead at Mycenæ, 230
— nails, 82
— parazonium, 239
— quadriga, 80
— rapier in Ireland, 279 n
— sabres, 80
— socketed sickle (British), 276
— statues (Etruscan), 80
— Swords, 45, 78 n, 80;
found in Britain, 276 sq.;
Gallic, 266;
found at Hallstadt, 262 sq.;
of Italy, 264;
at Mycenæ, 229 sq.
— Sword-hilt (Etruscan), 197
— supplied from Phœnicia to Europe, 78 n
— tablet, Hittite, 176
— work, Assyrian, 202
Buccinatores (musicians: Roman), 248
‘Buccularius clypeus’ (= buckler), 246 n
Buckler (etymology of the word), 246 n
— of ox-hide, Roman, 248
Bucklers of osier (for recruits: Roman), 249
Buckles of a Sword, 124 n
Buddhism, 213
Budil, King of Assyria, 208
Buffalo, its manner of attack, 9;
arrows made of buffalo-horn, 28
Bull-fights, Spanish, 253
Bull (wild), its manner of attack, 9
Bulwark (portable bridge for sieges), 154
Burbur inscriptions (Babylonia), 199
Burgwälle, 271
Burial as a method of making steel, 265
Burmese Dalwel (Sword), 219
Burying of iron, 107 n, 112
Buttons of gold in Troas, 193
Byzantine (?) finds at Mycenæ, 106
Cabiri (Kabeiroi), 74 sq.
Cadmeian (old Phœnician) characters, 225
Cadmia fossilis (natural calamine), 86
Cadmian stone, 86
Cadmus (El-Kadim, or El-Kadmi), 60
Cæsar’s treatment of his soldiers, 260
Caillouteurs (flint-knappers), 45 n
Calamine (carbonate of zinc), 71, 84;
derivation of the word, 84
Calasiri (Egyptian bowmen), 152
Caledonia (etymology of the word), 275
Calisthenics, Greek, 239
Callua (paddle), 42
Calones (camp-followers: Roman), 249
Caltrops (bamboo splints of Gaboon-land), 14
Camel (the kick of the), 7
Cambyses, 209, 211
Camp-followers (Roman), 249
Campidoctores, 249 n
Canaanite (meaning of the word), 175 n
Canaanites, 182
Cane bows and arrows, Ancient Indian, 211
Canes used as bellows, 68
Canna (κάννα; whence ‘cannon’), 14 n
Cannelure (of a Sword), 132
Cannon (derivation of the word), 14 n
— of iron first cast, 117 n
Cannons of gold (Baroda), 162 n
Canticles of Solomon, the, 147
Capoeira (Brazilian fashion of fighting), 254
Capulus (Sword-pommel: Roman), 257 n
‘Carbad scarrda’ (Irish war-car), 277
Carcharias vulpes (fox-shark), 7;
derivation of Carcharias, 7 n
Carchemish inscription, 177
Carian weapons, 211;
(?) at Mycenæ, 231 n
— words, 231 n
Carpenter’s tools of copper, 67
Carpentras Inscription, the, 209 n
Carpentry in Ancient Egypt, 148
Carpentum (war-chariot), 269
Carpicanna, 14 n
Carthaginian mining operations, 107
— names, 181
— Sword-blades, 181
Caryota urens (Nibong; sago-wood), 6, 23
Cartouche (cartuccia; meaning of the word), 40 n
Cast-copper axe, 69
Caspians, 210
Cassia auriculata, 111
Cassiterides, 78 sq.
Cassowary (its method of attack), 12
Casting (of metal) among the Ancient Greeks, 221
Cast-iron slab in Sussex (14th century), 117 n
— steel, 114 n
Catalan forge, 102 n, 111;
furnace, 107
Catamaran (Tasmania), 40
Catapults (of Roman army), 248 sq.
Cateia (boomerang club), 35, 269
— meaning of the word, 35 n
Catoblepas Gnu, 9
Cats (domestic, among the Nile-dwellers), 3 n
Cavalier and Roundhead, 277 n
Cavalry, Hittite, 176
— in Ancient Egypt, 154
— Roman, 246 n, 248
Caverns (as dwellings, storehouses, sepulchres), 15 n
— French and Belgian, 1 n
Cave-temples (Indian), the Sword in, 216
Celestial Empire, the annals of the, 112 sq. n
Celt, of gold, 212;
expanding, 270;
transition from, to paddle-spear and Sword forms, 41
Celte (in Job), 20 n
Celtiberian iron Swords, 107;
weapons, 265
Celtis (or celtes = a chisel), 20 n
Celts (the proper orthography), 20 n;
celts of copper, 57;
of stone, 154
Census, Hebrew, 185
Centre of percussion, 129
Centurion’s cuirass, 248
Ceramics in Ancient Egypt, 148
Cerbotana, 14 n
Ceretolo, sepulchre at, 196
Cestus (knuckle-duster of the classics), 7
Cestus-play, 254
Cetian or Keteian (in Homer), 172
Cetra (Roman shield), 246
Chætodon (archer fish of Japan), 7
Chakarini (war-quoit), 39 n
Chakrá (war-quoit), 39
Chalcitic (copper and bronze) Age, 5 n
Chalcedony dagger-blade, 46;
splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Chalcolibanon, 85
Chalcos (= Sword, in Homer), 222
Chaldæan gods, 207
Χαλκός (meaning of the word), 58
Χάλκεος οὐδός (‘copper threshold’), 55
Chalybes (iron-workers), 76
‘Chalybian stranger’ (= the Sword), 97
Chalybs (river), 97 n
Chalyps (steel), 221
Character of Ancient Gauls, 269 sq.
Charay (Afghan Sword), 212
Charms (Chinese) of copper, 64
Chape of a Sword, 124;
of a dagger, 124 n
Charay (one-edged knife: Afghan), 161 n
Charcoal in iron-smelting, 107
Chariot-corps (Ancient Egypt), 154
Chariots of iron, 103
Chairs in Ancient Egypt, 148
Charonion of Antioch, 241 n
Chasing (of metals), 81
Chayantanka (tin: Peruvian), 83
Chelidonian sabre (χελιδόνιος ξίφος), 141
Chemosh (Moabite god), 192 n
Chereb (Hebrew weapon), 180, 183, 184
Chert arrow-heads, 25
Chert-splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Cherubim (etymology of the word), 183
Cherusci (ancient German tribe), 271
Chess (showing Hindú form of attack), 218, 273 n
Chess in Ancient Egypt, 148
‘Chevaucher,’ meaning of, and Greek equivalents, 242 n
Chevaux-de-frise, 14
Chile copper the toughest, 68
Chinese (ancient) arms of metal, 63
— form of Sword-staff, 273
— iron-works, 115
— language, 113
— methods of working iron, 114
— sabre-knife, 139
— steel for Swords and knives, 115
— Sword of copper (afterwards of iron), 64
— words for iron, 112 sq.
Chisels of chalcos, 63;
of stone and copper, 67
— of iron (Etruscan), 197
Chittim (= Cyprus: Hebrew), 187
Chlorite splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Chonta wood (Guilielma speciosa), 42
Chopper-blade (Roman), 257
— knife, Hittite, 176
Choppers, Egyptian, 161
Chopper-shaped blade at Mycenæ, 229
Christianity in the Indian Peninsula, 219 n
Chrysaor, 180
Chrysochalcos (‘the king of metals’), 86 n
Chrysocolla (derivation of the word), 85 n
Cidaris or tiara, Persian, 209
Cimbri, a Keltic people, 273
Cinctorium (Roman general’s Sword), 257
Cingulum (waist-belt: Roman), 258
Cinyras (legendary Tyrio-Cyprian king), 188
Circumcision an African practice, 150
— stone knives used in, 46, 69
City of Priam (Troas), 190
Cladibas (claidab), 266 n
Claidab (= Spatha), 196
Classes of Hindú weapons, 214
Claymore, 123, 130
Cleaver of the Habshi people, 170
‘Close-Sword,’ Roman, 258
Clothes-pins in the Troas, 191
Club, 20, 32
— development into the Sword, 39 sq.
Club-Swords, 32 n;
Queensland, 44
Clubs of copper, 67
Cluden (juggler’s Sword), 258
Clypeus (Roman shield), 246 n
Cobalt (in Ireland), 65
Cock-fighting in the Canary Islands, 254 n
Codicilli (tablets), 225
Coffins of granite, 81
Cohorts (of Roman army), 246 n
Coin of copper and zinc, 84
Colchians, 210
Cold-wrought (hammered) copper weapons, 65
Colichemarde blade, 135
‘Collery’ (throwing-stick), 38
Colophonium (resin used for soldering), 85 n
Colossal Greek statues, 241 n
Coluber Haja (Cobra di Capello; asp), 33 n
Combats of various animals, 9
Comb found in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Combinations (earliest) of metals, 74 sqq.
Comitialis morbus, 260 n
Comparison of Man and the lower animals, 5
Confederacy of Etruscan cities, 194
Cong copper mines, 169
Congo Sword, 165
Contus (Roman cavalry spear), 246, 248
Contus (wooden pike), Gallic, 269
Convolvulus lanifolius, 111
Coot (its method of attack), 12
Copenhagen scramsahs, 272 n
Copper, 22 n, 30;
alloys, 53, 57;
the art of hardening it, 53 sq.;
cutting instruments of, 54 n;
copper prior to iron, 55
Copper Age (of weapons), 53;
anterior to bronze, 72
— and brass (alloy), 84
— and gold (alloy), 83
— and tin (alloy), 81
— arms and armour, Ancient Hellenic, 222
— arrow-piles, 65
— bracelet, 72 n
— celts, 57, 72
— coinage (Chinese), 64;
of the Hindus, 70
— hatchets, 65;
rakes and hammers, ib.;
vases, 68
— in Europe, 64;
in America, 65 sqq.
— knives, Trojan, 191
— mines, Chile, 68;
Midian, 102;
of South-Eastern Africa, 170 n
— nails (Greenland, &c.), 65
— placed in a corpse’s mouth, 68
— sheets for flooring (ancient), 55
— statuettes (coated with precious metals), 67
— Swords, 70;
in Troas, 192
— tools in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69
— trumpets, 221
Copper-trade of Cyprus, 188
‘Cops’ (of metal), 111
Coptic language, 146
Coquimbite (Pampua or white copperas), 68
Core-casting (of metal), 221
Cornicines, 248
Cornu (musical instrument: Roman), 248
Cornwall, mineral fields of, 275
Coronarium (copper coated with ox-gall), 87
Corrugated iron blades, 119 n
Corrugated Sword of Africa, 171
Corsican forge, 102 n
Corundum in Midian, 171 n
Corybantes, 74 sq.
Cosmogony, Hebrew, 148 sq.
Cotton dresses, Ancient Indian, 211
Cottus diceraus, 10
Counterfeit pearls in Ancient Egypt, 148
Counterguard of a Sword, 125, 138
Coupe-choux Sword, 134, 164
Coustilliers, 185
Coustrils or Custrils, 185
Couteau-de-chasse, 210
Covinus (war-chariot), 269
Cow (its method of defence), 7
Crane, white (American bird), 9
Crannog (its derivation), 27
Crease (= Krís, Malay weapon), 137, 166
Creation, Hebrew idea of, 148 sq.
Cremation in the Early Bronze Age, 96
— (of bodies) at Mycenæ, 234
Crepitaculum (sacred rattle), 151
Crests (in heraldry), 40 n
Cretans (ἀεὶ ψεῦσται), 97 n
Crickets (cicadæ) as ornaments at Mycenæ, 233
Crimea, Scythian graves in the, 227
Cross of the Coptic Christians, 192 n
Crossbow, 19 n, 165
— rat-trap, 37 n
Cross guard of a Sword, 125
Crucibles (at Schliemann’s Troy), 82
— four-footed, in the Troas, 191
Crucifixion (Assyrian punishment), 203
Cruelties of the Assyrians, 203
Cruithing (= Picts; origin of the name), 279 n
Crusade, the First, 218
Crutch and dagger (combined) of antelope horn, 12
Crux ansata (Egyptian Cross), 192 n
Crystal chips on spears, 51
— lens (Nineveh), 202
Crystal-cutting in Cyprus, 188
Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife), 39
Cuirass, Roman centurion’s, 248
Cultellarii, 185
Culture in Troy, 193
Cuneiform inscriptions (Bayrut), 200 n
— syllabarium, 200 n
— symbol for iron, 104
Cuneus (tactical formation), 273 n
Cupel (crucible; derivation of the word), 111 n
Cupriferous sandstones, 67
Cup-sling, 19
Curetes, 74 sq.
Curium treasure, the, 189
Currus falcatus (scythe war-car: Ancient Britain), 276
Curtle-axe (= cutlass), 140
Curved broadsword, 96
— type of Sword, 127 sq.
‘Curved thrust,’ 133 sq.
Cushito-Asiatic (Ethiopian) tribes, 188
Cuspis (point of a Sword: Roman), 255 n
Customs of the Ancient Germans, 273
Cut-and-thrust weapons, 123
Cutlass, 123, 140, 211
Cutting edge of a Sword, 129
— or trenchant weapons (origin of), 12
Cyanus (steel), 221;
Dr. Schliemann’s translation of, 222 n;
of Pliny (lapis lazuli), ib.
Cybele (Dea Multimamma), 192 n
Cyclopes, 75 sq.
‘Cyclopean Wall’ (in the Argolid), 76
Cylinder of gold at Mycenæ, 229
Cymbals at the feast of Rhea (in Varro), 58
Cymbals of tin and copper, 81 n
Cynocephali, 2
Cyprian dagger, 173
— Venus (worship of), 188 n
Cypriote (Ancient) characters, 225
— art, 187
— contingent of Xerxes’ army, 188
— manufacture of arms and armour, 188
— names of places, 188
— syllabary, 188 sq.
Cyprus, its epithet ærosa, 58;
derivation of the name, 59;
account of, 186 sq.
Cyrus, 209
Dacians on Trajan’s column, 262
Dacian Sword, 262
Dagger (derivation of the word), 215 n
Dagger-formed knives, 169 n
Dagger-forms from Persepolis, 211
Dagger-Swords, 166;
Assyrian, 204
Daggers, Assyrian, 205
— of bone, 26
— of bronze, 78 n
— of copper, 79
— of iron (Egyptian), 100
— used by the Persians, 210
— with rapier-blade (Theban), 195 n
Dagon (etymology of the word), 181
Dah (= Dáo: Burmah), 140
Dahome, Swords of the King of, 167
Dalwel (Burmese Sword), 219
Damascened steel, Cypriote, 188
Damask-work (on weapons), 83, 110 n, 112, 151 n
‘Damascus blade,’ 132, 142
Damascus (Persian) scymitar, 265
Damnameneus, 75
Danish Scramasax, 263
— Swords, 236
‘Danisko’ (African weapon), 163, 237
Dankali Sword, 165
Dáo (weapon of the Nága tribe, Assam), 140
Darius the Mede, 209
Dark Continent, chief weapons of the, 162
Darts and stones (ancient Lybian weapons), 16
David’s sling, 19;
his copper helmet, 70
Deadbook, the, 147
Dearg Umha (red copper; Keltic), 65
Decalogue derived from the Dead-book, 150
Decimal and duodecimal systems in Assyria, 202 n
Deer-horn arrow-heads, 24
Defensive armour of bronze, Roman, 254
Defensive weapons (of Animals and Savages), 6
— of the Cimbri, 274
Degan (dagger: Cimbrian), 274
Degen (kind of dagger: German), 215 n
Degeneration of Roman soldiers, 261
Deinotherium, 4
Deities standing on animals, 176
Denderah Zodiac, 155 n
Densare (meaning of the term), 107
Description of bronze Swords of Ancient Britons, 277 sq.
— of the Ancient Britons, 275, 277
Devanagari alphabet, 189
Development of Man, 5 sq.
— of the celt, 88 n
Devil, the, 181
Dha or Dhow (Indian knife), 219
Dhanu (personification of the bow: Hindú), 214
Dhanurvidya (Bow-Science: Indian), 213
Dies Alliensis, 267
Dimacheri (gladiators), 252
Diodon, 44
Diorite axe bored by means of a bow, 191 n
Diorite (? basalt) implements at Mycenæ, 53 n
— in Ancient Egypt, 171 n
Dioscuri, 75
‘Distaff-side’ relationship, 188 n
Divination in Assyria, 202
‘Doctored’ bullets, 26 n
Dolche (daggers), 30, 273
Dolls in Ancient Egypt, 148
Dolphins in the Nile, 9
Door-hinges in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Door-sockets of bronze, Assyrian, 202
Double balteus (Roman), 258 n
Double-edged Sword blades (Wahumla tribe), 169
Double-headed eagle (at Eyub), 176
Double-sided comb in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Dowris bronze, 87
— copper, 53
‘Dowris metal,’ 181, 276
Dragon’s blood, 87 n
Dress-pins (women’s) of copper, 67
Draughts (game of) in Ancient Egypt, 148
‘Drawing-cut,’ 131
Duel of Manlius Torquatus and the Gaul, 267
— origin of, 267 n
Duelling weapons, 135
Dumb-bells, 250
‘Dunner-Saxen’ (Lower Saxony), 272 n
Düsack (weapon), 123
Eagle, imperial, 246 n
Early Iron Age in Britain, 276
— — — of weapons, 97
Ears of a Sword, 124
Eastern heraldry, 140
Edge of a Sword, 124
Egypt (Ancient), geography of, 145
— architecture in, 148
— art and science in, 147 sq.
— heraldry in, 147 sq.
— its military system, 152 sqq.
— its monotheism, 149
— law code of, 147
— music, painting, and sculpture in, 148
— the cradle land of language, 146
— the fountain head of knowledge, 147
Egyptian arch, 201
— choppers, 161
— cutlasses, 211
— daggers, 157
— flag (five-rayed star on), 147 n
— gilding (on bronze), 81
— metallurgy, 80
— names for the Sword, 123, 155 sq.
— phalanx, 155
— Sphinx, 190 n
— Swords, 157;
in Cyprus, 189
— word-roots, 146 n
Egyptians (Ancient), their origin, 143 sq.
El-darakah (Arabic shield), 12 n
Electricity, the marvellous displays of in Central Africa, 119
Electrum (derivation of the word), 86 n
Elephants armed with Swords, 216
— Indian and African, 3 n
Elephant-Sword, 216
Elephant-trunk ornaments, 67 n
Elephant (use of a weapon by), 3;
its stroke or blow, 7
El-Khauf maksum, 6
El-Khizr (the Green Prophet), 179
Emblems of the Egyptian nomes, 147
Emu, 4
Enamel, Assyrian, 202
Enfield Sword-bayonet, 134 n
‘Englishmen of Antiquity,’ 275
English gladiatorism, 253
Engraving on copper plates, 55 n
Ensigns in Ancient Roman army, 246 n
Ensis, 247;
etymology of the word, 254
Entering angle, 132
Enthytonon, 19
Epitaph of Eshmunazar, 179
‘Epos of Peutaur,’ 101, 147
Erin (etymology of the name), 192 n
Ἐριόκομοι, 144 n
‘Erythræans,’ the original, 182 n
Escrime (fencing: derivation of the word), 272 n
Essedum (war chariot), 269, 277 n
Eshmunazar (King of the Sidonians), 179
Eskimos, 3
Espadon, 123, 161
‘Esquimaux’ (origin of the word), 3 n
Estain (= stannum: Gall.), 65
Esther (= Amestris), 210 n
Ἑστία, 1 n
Ethiopian stone-tipped arrows, 154 n
Etruscan and Latin affinities with Lydian, 194
— armilla of bronze, 196
‘Etruscan Bologna,’ 196
Etruscan commerce, 197
— inscriptions, 197
— iron lance-point, 196
— œnochoe, 196
— razors, 202 n
Etruscans (account of the people), 195
Eucalyptus-wood sabres, 44
Eunuchs, 206, 207 n
Exchange of war-prisoners, Roman, 241
Executioner, Assyrian, 207
Executioner’s Sword, 139
Exodus of tribes from Ancient Germany, 270
Expanding celt, 270
Experiments in alloys, 83
Fabri (Sappers: Roman army), 249
Face-guard of iron, 258
Facon or Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife, as a missile), 18
Falchion of Ashanti, &c., 139;
of Ancient Egypt, 155 sq.
— of Cilicia, 182
— of gold, 212
Falchion-shaped weapons, 32
Falconry in Ancient Egypt, 148
‘Falling on the Sword,’ 184 sq.
Falx (origin of the falchion), 253 n
Famagosta (etymology of the name), 190
Famous Swordsmen of old, 240 n
Fancy Swords, Roman, 258;
weapons, 204
‘Fans’ (= Mpangwe negros, Gaboon River), 37 n
Feathers as military decorations, 247 n
Fecial College, the, 244 sq.
Felidæ (their strokes or blows), 7
Fencing-foil, 123
Fencing-schools, Roman, 249, 251
Fenni (Finns), 274
Ferentarii (Roman soldiers), 245
Ferro-manganese, 108
Ferrum (= Sword; Roman), 254
— candidum, 108
— indicum, 107, 109, 110
— sericum, 109
Fenekh (= Phœnicians), 178
Fibrolite-splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Fibulæ of copper, 72
Field-marshal’s bâton, 33
Figg (English prize-fighter), 253
Fighting-cocks in Ancient Greece, 254 n
Fil (of a Sword), 137
Fil et pointe (cut-and-thrust weapons), 123
Finds in Cimbrian barrows, 274
— in old tumuli, 271
— of Cyprian weapons, 188 sqq.
— of Dr. Schliemann in the Troas, 190 sq.
Fingal’s war-cars (Ossian), 277 n
Fir-bolgs (bag-men, Belgæ?), 64
Fir-cone, the, as an architectural ornament, 201
Fire, 1, 2 n, 20
Firearms among the Ancient Hindus (?), 214 n
‘First Highlander,’ the, 217
Fist-sword (stiletto), 215
First lesson in iron, 99
Fishes (their means of attack or defence), 9 sq.
Five-rayed star (on Egyptian flag), 147 n
Flagellum (gladiatorial scourge), 253
Flail, 20
Flails used as weapons, 95
Flamberg, Flammberg, Flamberge, 123, 136
‘Flaming Sword’ (of the Cherubim: Eden), 183
‘Fleam-money’ (among the Fans), 118
Flint-ateliers (ancient), 102
Flint-flakes, 13;
knives, 20;
‘Swords,’ 45
Flint-knappers (caillouteurs), 45
Flint poniards, 46;
hatchet-sabre, ib.
Flissa (weapon: North Africa), 123, 163, 237, 265
‘Flood,’ the, 149
Fluxing (method of treating ores), 65
Foil with French guard, 133
Foining weapon, 123
‘Fonderia di Bologna,’ 196 n
‘Forethought,’ 1
Forges, 102
Forked blade, 141
Forked Sword (Assyria), 141
Fortifications, Assyrian, 203
Fox-shark (Thresher; Carcharias vulpes), 7
Framea (derivation of the word), 270 n
Framée, the oldest, 270
Francisque or taper axe, 94
Frankish Italians, 270 n
— spear-blade, 171
Franks (meaning of the name), 271
French fencing-foil, 124
Fronstetten scramsahs, 272 n
Fuel used in iron-smelting, 121
Funda (sling of the Etruscans), 245
Funeral urns of copper, 69
Fur-coats, Gallic, 269
Furnace-calamine (impure oxide of zinc), 86
Furnaces (Indian) for iron-smelting, 111 n
Fuscina (gladiatorial weapon), 253
Fusil Gras, 134
Fussängel, 1
Fustanella (kilt), 247 n
‘Fustibale’ (fustibulus), 19
Future state, Egyptian ideas of a, 150
Fylfot (crutched cross: North of Europe), 202 n
Gabbro-splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Gæsum (Roman weapon), 246 n, 268
Gæsatæ (= hastati), 268 n
Galatæ (= Roman term Galli), 238 n
Γαλάται (etymology of the word), 266 n
Galla Sword, 163
Gallia Comata, 269;
Bracchata, ib.;
Togata, 270
Gallic daggers, 267
— Italians, 270 n
— javelins, 268
— machairæ-blades, 266
— manner of battle, 269
‘Gallic Sword,’ 254, 266
Gallic women in battle, 269
Gallo-Greek (= Galatians, Keltic Gauls), 238 n
— Swords, 238
Ga-ne-u-ga-o-dus-ha (Iroquois deer-horn war-club), 28
Gardening in Ancient Egypt, 148
Gasterosteus (‘stickleback’), 10
Gastrapheta, 19
Gath (its site), 186
Gaulish element in Etruria (?), 196 sq.
Gaza (site of), 186
Gem-engraving, Assyrian, 202
— in Cyprus, 188
General ‘No Importa’ (Spanish), 261
Generals, first duty of, 260 n
Genii of Death (Egyptian), 149
Geography of Ancient Egypt, 145
Geometry in Ancient Egypt, 148
— in Assyria, 202 n
Georgic (age of primitive Archæology), 5 n
German Empire, 270
— main-gauche, 136
— silver (packfong; of China), 64 n
Germani (Alemanni), weapons of the, 270
Germania, Ancient (its land and people), 270
Germanism, 270
Gessum (meaning of the word), 268 n
Getæ (Scandinavian Goths), 274
Gharapuri (cave-town; Bay of Bombay), 217
Gilding bronze, 81
Giraffe (its kick), 7
Girding on the Sword, 185
‘Giving point,’ 127
Gizzin (Assyrian weapon), 204 n
Glacial Drift Age, 5 n
Gladius, 247;
etymology of the word, 254
— Hilius, 256, 268
Gladiatorial shows, 249, 251 sq.
Gladiatorism, 249 sq.
Glaive (origin of the weapon), 89 n, 123;
leaf-shaped, 165
Glaives edged with sharks’ teeth, 49
Glass (derivation of the word), 48 n;
used on spears, 48;
the fable of its discovery by the Sidonians, 54
Glass-cutting in Cyprus, 188
Glass-making in Ancient Egypt, 148
Gleditschia, 6
Globe-fish, spines of, 24
Glove, Hittite, 176
Gnu (its method of defence), 9
Goat standing on the top of a pin (figure at Mycenæ), 233
Goat’s horns as volutes, 201
Goddesses with mural crowns, 176
God kings (= ‘Dynasty of the Gods’: Egypt), 145
‘God save the King,’ of Egyptian origin, 149 n
Goidels (Gauls), 275
Gold and silver ornaments in Cyprus, 188
Gold Coast Swords, 167
— coined by the Lydians, 194
— dust at Mycenæ, 229
— Egyptian words for, 151
— esteemed (by the ancients) less valuable than copper, 56
— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69
‘Golden axe’ of Ashanti, 167 n
Golden bridle, 212
— calf, the, 183
— cannons (Baroda), 162
— celt, 212
— falchion, 212
— hatchet, 89
— plated wooden Sword-handle (Mycenæ), 228
— scymitar, 212
— shoulder-belts (Mycenæ), 228, 231
— Sword-belt, 212
— tiara, 212
Goldsmith’s work at Mycenæ, 233
Goliath of Gath (his armour of copper), 70
Golîyo (weapon: Baghirmi), 163, 237
Gonfanon (its etymology), 246 n
Gorillas, 2
Goths, Scandinavian, 274
‘Græcia mendax,’ 226
Græco-Italic race, the, 186, 270 n
Granite coffins, 81
Γράφειν (its original meaning), 225
Graver (pick?) in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61
Graving-points, 171 n
‘Great Armenia,’ 209 n
Great Pyramid, the, 147
Greaves, 247;
of copper, 70
Grecian Sphinx, 190 n
Greek accents, 220 n
— bronzes (analysis of), 82
— cavalry Swords, 248
— combatants, 240
— epigraphs at Mycenæ, 225
— fashion of carrying the Sword, 239, 248
— infantry Sword, 237
— metallurgy came from Egypt, 105
— statues, colossal, 241 n
— tactics, 241
— warfare, 241
Greeks, the, as soldiers, 242
‘Green copper’ (= bronze: Chinese), 64
Greenstone- (diorite-) splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Greenwood fuel used in iron-smelting, 112
Grey copper ore (in Ireland), 65
Grip of a Sword, 124
Γροσφὸς (= throw-stick), 34
Guanaco, 7
Guanches (Wánshi; origin of the word), 16 n
Guard plates (Sword), in Gaul, 257 n
Guards of a Sword, 124
Guilielma speciosa (chonta-wood), 42
Guilloche-scroll (architectural ornament), 202
Guillons, 51
Guisarme (Gisarme or Bisarme), 95
Guitar (etymology of the word), 187 n
Gules (in heraldry; derivation), 140 n
Gunnar’s bill, 95
Gunpowder age (of weapons), 20 n;
use of gunpowder, 31 n
Gymnasia, Hellenic, 239
Gymnastics of the Spartans, 240
Gyno-Sphinx (Egypt), 190 n
Hâches votives, 89
Hades (derivation of the word), 221
Hæmatite-splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Haft-Júsh (‘seven boilings’ of metal: Persian), 221
Hair-dyes in Ancient Egypt, 148
Hairpins of bronze, 30
Hair-shears (Roman) of æs, 56
Halberts of copper, 67
Hall-bard (Icelandic weapon), 91
Hallstadt, finds of ancient weapons at, 262
Halteres (dumb-bells: Roman), 250
Hamasti (Sword-blade: Assyrian), 204 n
Hamata (Roman armour), 248 n
Hamathite Inscriptions, the, 177
Hamatum (barb-head spear), 181
Hammered iron-work in Mesopotamia, 104
Hammers of copper, 67
Hammer-wrought plating, 81
Hamus ferreus, 14 n
Hand-celts, 20
Hand-hatchet, 88
Hand-stones, 2;
among the Hottentots, 17;
among modern Syrians and Arab Bedawin, ib.
Hand-thrusting instruments, 133
Hanger, 123
Hankow-steel, 115
Harbah (a dart: Arabic), 184
Harness (derivation of the word),] 97
Harpé (Ἅρπη: etymology of the word), 180
— of Cronos (Perseus’ weapon), 180
Harpoon-heads of reindeer-horn, 29 n
Hastarii (Roman soldiers), 246
Hastati (Roman soldiers), 246
Hastile (Roman javelin: Virgil), 246 n
Hatchet-boomerang, 38;
-sabre, 46
Hatchet of gold, 89
Hatchets of iron in the ‘Odyssey,’ 225
‘Hathi’ (‘the handed’: Hindoo epithet for the elephant), 3
Hauberks, Assyrian, 203
Hauranic stone doors, 264 n
Hawk-beaded Horus, 181
Haye (military term), 245
Heads of fallen foes kept as trophies (Gallic custom), 269
Headsman’s weapon, 139
Hebrew arms and armour, 183
— Iron Age, 103
— lepers in Ancient Egypt, 174 n
— metallurgy, 183
— tenets borrowed from Egypt, 148 sq.
Heft of a Sword, 124
Hegesias or Stasinus: his ‘Kypria,’ 221 n
Held (champion: German), 271
Heliolatry of the Andes, 67 n
Hellenes, their character, manners and customs, 239 sq.
Hellenic gymnasia and palæstræ, 239
— reading of the Bards, 220 n
Helmet of iron, in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Helmets, Roman, 246
Henna-shrub (of Cyprus; Lawsonia inermis), 49
Hephæstus (derivation of the word), 62 n
Heraldry, Eastern, 140 n
— in Ancient Egypt, 147
Hercules, 75
Hercules’ shield and Sword, 222
Hereba (Phœnician weapon: = Harpé), 180
Hermotybians (Egyptian soldiers), 152
Hern (its method of defence), 9
Herodotus (character of his work), 225 sq.
— on the age of Homer and Hesiod, 220
Heroes of Greece, the age of the, 220
‘Hero’s arm,’ the (Virgil), 254
Herse (military term), 245
Hesiod, age of, 220
Hide-scabbard, 160
Hierarchy, Jewish (whence borrowed), 150
Hieroglyphic signs for iron, 99
Hilt of a Sword, 124
Hilts of Ancient German Swords, 272
Hilt-guards of a Sword, 124
Hilt-plate of a Sword, 124
Hindiah or Hindiyáneh (= ferrum indicum), 107
Hindú alphabet, 219 n
— copper coinage, 70
— metaphysics, 214
— mythology, 219 n
— names for steel, 110 n
— sabre, 215
— trial of Sword-metal, 110 n
— warriors, 215
Hippopotamus, its method of attack, 9;
home of the, 205 n
Hiram of Tyre, 182
Hisárlik, the finds at, 106, 190 sqq., 227
History of Ancient Egypt, 144 sq.
Hithism, 176
Hittites, 172 sqq.
Hittite boots, 176
— bronze tablet, 176
— hieroglyphs, 176 sq.
— language, 177 n
— phalanx, 175
— representation of the human figure, 176
— seals, 176
— syllabary, 176
Hoang-ta-tie (the Chinese ‘literary blacksmith’), 115
Holosphyraton (hammer-work), 221
‘Holy City’ of Miletus, 242 n
‘Holy-water sprinkler,’ 20
Homa (Assyrian ‘Tree of Life’), 202
Homer, age of, 220
Homeric names for the Sword, 222
Homo Darwiniensis, 5
— sapiens, 5
Honeysuckle as an architectural ornament, 202
Hoofs of animals used as armour, 29 n
Hooked-edge (of a Sword), 138
Hoplites (heavy-armed Greek soldier), 240
Hoplology, 1;
orders of, 6
Hoplomachi (gladiators), 252
Hoplotherium, 4
Hor-Apollo (= Harpocrates), 191 n
Hormuzd and Ahriman, 180
Horn-helmet, 29 n
Horn war-clubs, 24;
other instruments, 27;
horn-arm in Homer, 27;
various implements, 29
Horse, its method of defence, 7;
known to the Ancient Egyptians, 152 n
Horse-hoofs used as armour, 29 n
Horus (Egyptian god), 178
Hottentots, 3 n;
origin of the word, 17
House-furniture in Ancient Egypt, 148
Human-headed bull, Assyrian, 203 n
Human sacrifices in Ancient Egypt, 156 n
‘Hunga munga’ (weapon: Lake Chad), 37
Hünnenringe, 271
Hunting among the Ancient Germans, 273
— Assyrian, 203
Hunting-dresses in Ancient Egypt, 148
Hurud (iron; Chaldæan), 104
Hydraulic pressure (an ancient form of), 54
— — for hardening bronze, 81
Hydraulics in Ancient Egypt, 148
Hyksos (Shepherd-kings), 103, 173, 186 n
Iapetus, legend of, 1
Iberian Alfânge (El-Khanjar), 29
— blade (Spatha), 256
Iberic blade in Rome, 197
Icelandic Hall-bard, 91
Ida (derivation of), 106 n
Idæi Dactyli, 74 sq., 106
‘Iliad,’ metal-working tools in the, 221
Ili (hand-sword: Hindú), 215
Imbricated armour, Assyrian, 203
Imitation and Progress, 5
Impedimenta (baggage: Roman army), 249
Indian architecture, 219 n
— gold coinage (?), 214 n
— legendary myths, 213
— sabres, 137
— steel, 109, 218 sq.
— weapons, 185
‘Indo-European’ (applied to a language), 193 n
‘Ineffable Name,’ the (its origin), 149
Infantry ‘regulation’ sword, 129
Inflated skins (as floats for soldiers: Assyrian), 203
Ingots of tin (Mexican), 82
Inlaid iron saucer, 106 n
‘Inner Sea,’ 179
Innuit, 3 n
Inscription (Assyrian) on a Sword at Nardin, 207
Inscriptions (rock) traced with flint flakes, 49 n
‘Inside-edge’ weapons, 235, 237
Intaglio’d gold at Mycenæ, 229 sqq.
Invasion of England by Anglo-Saxons, 275
Iphicrates’ improvement of Greek arms and armour, 237
Iranian (language), 146 n
Irish copper swords, 57
Irish race (their origin), 65 n
‘Iron Age,’ 22 n, 23 n
Iron among the Aryans, 108
Iron among the Romans, 107
‘Iron-built’ cities of the Ancient Hindús, 219 n
Iron cannon first cast, 117 n
— chain-armour, Assyrian, 203
— chisels (Etruscan), 197
— dirk worshipped by the Scythians, 226
— face-guard, 258
Iron-flakes, surface (Cape of Good Hope), 119
Iron glance (specular iron, oligiste), 107
— hasps and nails, 100
— in Africa, 117
— in Assyria, 105
— in China, 112 sq.
— in Egypt, 100
— in German myths, 271
— in Homer, 108
— in India, 108 sq.
— in Madagascar, 116
— in the Pentateuch, 103
— in Tacitus, 225
— introduction of in Greece, 69, 97;
derivation of the word, 97 n
— keys at Mycenæ, 106
— knives, 100, 106
— known to Homer and Hesiod, 221
— on the American continent, 116
— rare in ancient Germany, 271
— sheaths for Swords, 222
— sickle, 100
— sling-bullet, 191
Iron-smelting on the Libanus, 103
Ironstone in ancient Bashan, 103
— weapons, 52
Iron Swords, Etruscan, 195
— — of Italian tribes, 265
— treated of by Aristotle, 106
Iron-wood, 40
Iron-working Age of India, 109
— in Japan, 115 sq.
Italian foil, 124
— poison daggers, 51
Italy (modern), its two races, 270 n
Iverapema (‘Iwarapema’), 42
Ivernii (Irish non-Celts: Ptolemy), 279
Ivory-carving, Assyrian, 202
Jacaná (Parra; American bird), 9
Jaculum (Roman javelin), 246 n
Jade Pattu-Pattus, 25, 47;
derivation of ‘jade,’ 47 n
Jadite (and jade) splinters for wooden swords, 47
Janghiz Khan, 227
Japanese blade, 139
— copper, 64
— ingots, 64
— iron, 116
— liquation of argentiferous copper, 83
— stone-chopper, 52
Jauhar (‘jewel’ or ribboning of a ‘Damascus’ blade), 112
Javanese blade, 215
— sculptures, 218
Javelineers, Roman, 248
Javelins, 20, 66, 90;
Ancient Roman, 246 n
— for recruits, Roman, 249
Javelin of the Samnites, 266 n
Jáyá (mother of all weapons: Hindú), 214
Jeanne d’Arc’s Sword, 184 n
Jehovah (Yahveh), its etymology and mystic meaning, 149 n
Jewish coinage of copper, 70
‘Jewish face,’ the, 150 n
Jewish manner of wearing the Sword, 184
Jízeh Pyramid, 100
Joseph’s position in Egypt, 103
Judgment after death, Egyptian ideas of, 150
Julian the Apostate (his armour), 258
Julius Cæsar as a general, 260
Jumbiyah (crooked dagger of the Arabs), 29
Jumbul-wood, 112
Jutland, celts, &c., of, 274 n
Kabeiroi (Cabiri), 74 sq.
Kabyle Flissa, 265
Kachhá (pig-iron), 111
Kadesh, site of, 174 n
Kakhi (brass), 87
Kakku (Assyrian weapon), 204 n
Káma-Shastra (Ars amoris: Hindú), 215
Kanaruc, Temple of, 109
Kangaroo (its method of defence), 12
Κάννα (Lat. canna; whence ‘cannon’), 14 n
Kan-top, Indian, 204
Kasabet (brass), 87
Kasios (Zeus), 1 n
Kaskara (Swords: Baghirmi), 162
‘Kassiteros,’ in Homer, 227
Katuriyeh (? = Cateia: Gujarát), 38
‘Kawas’ (hand-stone), 18
Keil (wedge: cuneus) form of attack, 273
Kelan (Hittite slingers), 175
Kelmis, 75
Κέλται (etymology of the word), 266 n
Keltic aborigines of the British Isles, 275
— (?) finds at Mycenæ, 106
— Gauls, weapons of, 266
— miners’ tools, 107 n
Κελτικὸν θράσος, 266 n
Kelto-Scandinavian swords (miscalled Anglo-Saxon), 139
Kemi (meaning of the word), 145 n
Kemite copper mines (in Midian), 102
Keteian or Cetian (in Homer), 172
Ketos (Canis Carcharias), 180
Kettles of copper, 69
Key-pattern (architectural ornament), 202
Keys of iron at Mycenæ, 106
Khadga (Hindú Sword), 214 sqq.
Khanjar, 266
Khanjar-dagger, 212
Khanjar (Georgian weapon), 159
— of Persia and India, 29
Khesbet (metal connected with tin), 87
Kheten (war-axes; Egyptian), 154, 158
Khita (Hittites), 200
— people, description of, 175;
their armour, weapons, &c., ib.
Khita-land, the Sword in, 172 sq.
Khoi-Khoi, 3 n, 17
Khnemu (gnomes), 75
Khopsh (kopis; Egyptian Sword), 156, 266
Khorasáni blades, 114 n
Kilt, ancient, 247 n
King Blay of Attábo, Sword made by, 142 n, 168
King-crab (Limulus), 24
King Koffee’s umbrella, 167 n
Kinnúr (Hebrew lyre), 187 n
Kinyá (arm-knife: Baghirmi), 162
Kirab-sar (Hittite writer of books), 173
Kiry (Kerry: Kafir weapon), 28
Kitár (Hindú weapon), 140
Kleydv (Welsh Sword), 279
Klingenthal Sword-manufactory, 132
Κνήστεις (Athenian weapons), 237
Knief (ancient German weapon), 272
Knife-Sword (Ancient Egyptian), 155
Knife, the (preceded the saw), 13;
as a missile, 18
Knights of Malta: their Swords, 162
Knives edged with sharks’ teeth, 49
— of iron at Mycenæ, 106
Knobkerries, 32 n
Knob-stick (development into the Sword), 44
Knuckle-duster (cestus of the classics), 7
Kobongs (Australian tribal ‘crests’), 40 n
Κοπίς, not mentioned in Homer, 224;
= Egyptian ‘Khopsh,’ 235;
the weapon of the Giants, and of the Amazons, 235 sq.;
peculiarity of the weapon, 236
Kopis of the Gauls, 266 n
— Spanish, 265
Korah (Nepaul weapon), 265
Koran-reading, 220 n
Kordofan, rude kind of bellows in, 120
Krís (= crease: Malay weapon), 137, 166, 212
Kukkri blade of Ghurkas, 236
Kukkri or Gurkha Sword-knife, 39, 217 n, 265
Kulbeda (weapon of the Nyam-Nyams), 37
Κύων, 1 n
Κύπρος (meaning of the word), 58
‘Kurs’ (bloom: of metal), 112
Kurush (= Κῦρος, Cyrus), 209 n
‘Kypria’ of Stasinus, the, 221 n
Labarum (Roman standard), 246 n
Λάβρα (= πέλεκυς: Lydian), 89
Labrandian Jove, 89
‘La boxe Française,’ 254
Lacquer or varnish (on metals), 84
Lance, Assyrian, 202
Lances of sago-wood, 23
Lancehead of bronze at Mycenæ, 230
— of fish-bone, 23
— of pure copper, 57
Language, articulate (three periods of), 74 n
Lanista (Roman maître d’armes), 249
Lapis lazuli (= cyanus in Pliny), 222 n
Laqueatores (Roman gladiators), 210 n
Larissa (lance, Middle Ages), 182
Larnaca (etymology of the name), 187
Lasso, the, in Ancient Egypt, 210 n
— of the Roman gladiators, 210 n
— South American, 210 n
Lassos of plaited thongs (Persian), 210
Lát (iron pillar of Delhi), 109
‘Latchen’-blade, 135
Lateral blades (of a Sword) moved by a spring, 136
Laterite, 118
Latin blood in English race, 277
Latrunculi (Roman game), 218
Latten (derivation of the word), 85
Laufi or Laf (Sword), 123
Lava-splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Lawsonia inermis (‘kopher,’ henna-shrub), 59
Laws of the Visigoths, weapons in the, 272 n
Lead, scoriæ of, 82
— and silver in Spain, 107
Lead-bronze in Ireland, 276
Leaf-shaped dagger and the rapier, connection of, 278
Leather sheath (for Swords), 160
Lebes-chauldron, 192
Legion of the ancient Roman army, 245 sq.
Leiste (guard-plate: German), 272
Lemovii (Pomerania), 274
Length of Ancient Greek Swords, 238
— of Ancient Indian Sword, 216 n
— of Egyptian Swords, 159
— of Roman spear (Tacitus), 271
Leowel (pick), 37
Lepers, Hebrew, in Ancient Egypt, 174 n
Leptolithic age, 5 n
Libyan (Ancient) weapons, 162
‘Life,’ 261 n
Ligaunians (Etruria), 196
Lignarii (Sappers: Roman army), 249
Limulus (king-crab), 24
Linen at Mycenæ, 232
‘Line of direction’ in a Sword, 129
Lingua di bove (Sword shape: Italian), 166, 239
Lion (its stroke or blow), 7
Liquation of argentiferous copper (in Japan), 83
Lisán (‘tongue’-weapon), 32, 154
Λισσότριχοι, 144 n
Litholatry, 1 n
‘Live iron’ (= loadstone), 102
Livy’s Phalanx, 246 n;
Legion, ib.
Lixæ (camp-followers: Roman), 249
Llama, 7
Loadstone in the Troas, 191
Long-handed Danish Sword, 274
Long-hefted axe (Norman), 90
Longobards, 271
Long-straight Sword, 158
Long-Sword, 161
Lord High Treasurer’s white rod, 33 n
— Marshal of England’s gold truncheon, 33 n
— Steward of the Household’s white staff, 33 n
‘Lords of Asia’ (the Persians), 209
‘Lost Tribes,’ the, 151 n
Lotus, the, as an architectural ornament, 201
Lucky and unlucky marks on Eastern horses, 216
Ludus gladiatorius, 249
Lusitania, abundance of metal in, 265 sq.
Lusitanian weapons, 266
Lycian weapons, 182, 211
— tongue, the, 187 n
Lydians, account of the, 194
Lydian stone splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Macaná, 42
Macedonian phalanx, weapons of the, 237
Mace in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61
Machabees (etymology of the word), 185 n
Machæra (= Sword, in Homer), 224
Machairæ-blades, Gallic, 266, 268
Μάχαιραι (Angl. Sax. Meche), 161
Machairodus latidens (sabre-toothed tiger), 9
Madagascar iron, 116
Mádu or Máru (horn dagger), 11
Mahquahuith set with obsidian teeth, 67
Magic in Assyria, 202 n
— mirror of Perseus, 180
Magnet (loadstone), 102
Mail-coat on the Trajan column, 258
Mail-coats of iron in the Rig Veda, 108
Main-gauche, German, 136
Malachite (derivation of the word), 62 n
Malay krís (weapon), 137
Malga war pick, 37, 38
Mall (weapon), 88
Mallet in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61
Malleable bronze, 57;
copper, 66;
iron, 98
Maltese cross, 192 n
Manchette, 12 n
Maniples (of Roman army), 246 n
Mantis (the fights of), 13
Mantramukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214
Manufacture of arms and armour in Cyprus, 188
Manyuema Swordlet, 169
Maracá (sacred rattle: Brazilian Tupis), 151
Marave iron-smelting furnace, 118
‘Mar Jiryús’ (Cappadocian saint), 181
Mars worshipped by the Scythians, 227
Martel-de-fer, 28
Martinezia ciliata, 42
Máru or Mádu (horn dagger), 11
Maruduk (= Mars: Assyrian God), 207
Marzabotto blade, the (Etruscan), 195
Masks (papier-mâché) in Ancient Egypt, 148
‘Master Shoe-tye,’ 3 n
Materialism, 261 n
Mathematics in Ancient Egypt, 148
Maushtika (fist-sword; stiletto: Hindú), 215
Mawingo-wings (Pennisetum Benthami), 12
Mayence blade, 238
Media, 209 n
Mediæval sabres, 136
— split Swords, 142
Medicine in Ancient Egypt, 148
Medinah Habu, temple of, 175
Melaleuca (swamp tea-tree), 40
Melkarth (Phœnician god), 179
Μελίη (ash-tree = a bow), 254 n
Memnonium, the, 175
Meri (New Zealand weapon), 26, 47
Merodach (Babylonian god), 183
Mesopotamia, iron work in, 104
Mesopotamian astronomy, 200 n
Metal in the Hissarlik remains, 106
— replaces bone and stone in weapons, 50
— scabbards, 222 n
Metal-workers, a wandering race of, 275
Metal-working (discovery of), 51
— in China, 115
Metallic value of Dr. Schliemann’s finds, 233
Metallo-lithic Age, 22 n
Metallurgic δαίμονες, 74
Metallurgy, Assyrian, 202
— developed by ancient Egyptians, 151
— extension of from Egypt, 63
— of the Exodists, 56 n;
origin of, 74
Metals, archaic names of, 122
— in Ancient Cyprus, 186
— in Ancient Hellas, 220
— in the Troas finds, 191
Metamorphosis, 2
Meteoric-iron chips for wooden weapons, 51
Meteoric iron, 99
Meteorolites, 99 n
Method of warfare, Ancient German, 273
Mica-schist dagger (natural formation), 47
Mica-schist, mould of, 82, 191
Midas-myth, the, 187 n
Midian copper mines, 102
Mihhili Mezzir (= Sahs), 272 n
Milanese (modern), 270 n
Milesians (origin of the name), 65 n
Miletus, ‘Holy City’ of, 242 n
Militarism of the Ancient Romans, 252
Military discipline under the Roman Empire, 249
— mining (Ancient Egypt), 154
— tactics of Ancient Hindús, 218
Milites (etymology of the word), 245
Mimosa, 6, 32
Mineral fields of Cornwall, 275
‘Miners’ hammers (= stone-pounders; Ireland), 65
Miölner (hammer of Thor), 35
Mirmillones, 251
Mirrors (polished) of copper, 67
Missile fishes, 7
— weapons, 2, 6
Missiles in the Iliad, 222
‘Mixing bloods,’ 227 n
Modern Irish, character of, 279 n
Mohammed’s Sword, 141
Mokume (ornamental alloys), 83
‘Money swords’ (Chinese talismans), 64
Mongol, a special race, 227 n
Monkeys, (use of missiles by), 2
Monomachia (intaglio of gold) at Mycenæ, 234
Monodon monoceros (Narwhal or sea-unicorn), 11
Monotheism of Egypt, 149
‘Morning star,’ 20
Morra (the game) in Ancient Egypt, 148
Moses’ cradle, 149
Moslem two-headed eagle (heraldry), 176 n
Mosul (the original Ararat), 202
‘Mound-builders,’ 66, 116
‘Mountain copper’ (ὀρειχάλκον), 85
Movable tower (for sieges), 154
Mucro (edge of a Sword: Roman), 255 n
Mud bricks, Assyrian, 201
Muffle (crucible), 111 n
Muktámukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214
Muktasandhárita (class of weapons: Hindú), 214
Mulciber (= Malik Kabir: Phœnician), 179
Multibarbed or serrated weapons, 13
Mummies, Quichuan, 67 n
Mummy bodies at Mycenæ, 228
— skulls, 144
Music connected with Lydia, 194
— origin of, 15
— in Ancient Egypt, 148
Mussel-shell (the original spoon), 47 n;
and as a tip to a (thrusting) wooden Sword, 48
Muzak (wrought metal: Hebrew), 103
Mycenæ, the discoveries at, 73, 82, 106, 227 sq.
‘Mycenæ spiral,’ 233 sq.
Mycenian goldsmiths, 85 n
Mythological degradation on of Egyptian mysteries, 151
Naharayn (Mesopotamia), 104, 172
Nails of copper, 65
‘Naki-ka-kausti’ (a spectaculum at Baroda), 8 n
Names become by-words, 65 n
Napoleon Buonparte and the Arabs, 186 n
Naphtuhim (Thuhi = ‘the fair people’), 102 n
Narwhal or sea-unicorn (Monodon monoceros), 11
Naseus fronticornis, 10
National weapon of ancient Germans, 270
‘Native brass’ opposed to ‘yellow copper’ (English) 56
Native iron, 99;
steel, ib.
Natural alloys, 66, 69
Náyin (Mpangwe crossbow), 37 n
Nebo (Mercury), 207
Necklace-beads (Mycenæ), 228
Necropolis at Marzabotto (Bologna), 195 sq.
— in Valdichiana, 197
Neo-Latin names for the Sword, 123
— races, the, 270
Neolithic age, 5 n
Nephrite meri, 47;
nephrite a cure for kidney disease, 47 n
Nero, character of, 252 n
Nickeliferous iron, 99
Niello (nigellum), 83, 152
Nile-dwellers, 3 n
Nilotes, characteristics of the, 144 n
Nimrúd, Palaces of, 202 sq.
Nineveh, 200;
discoveries at, 201
Ninus, date of, 199 n, 200
Nippers of copper, 68
Njiga (weapon: Baghirmi), 163, 237
Noah (original of the name), 149
Noah’s ark, 149
Noahitic Deluge, the, 144 n, 149 n
North beats South, 261
North-European Sword not of Roman origin, 264
Northumberland stone, the, 267
Novacula, Cyprian, 189
Nuggets (copper) as bell-clappers, 67
Nuggets of iron, in Africa, 119
Nuguit (Greenland weapon), 25
Obelisks (method of forming them), 54
Obsidian daggers, 46;
splinters for wooden Swords, 47;
black obsidian spear-head, 50
Ocreæ (greaves or leggings), 247
Odysseus (etymology of the word), 224
‘Odyssey,’ the, wrought iron in, 224
Œnochoe, Etruscan, 196
Offensive weapons (of animals and savages), 6
Old Coptic language, 146
Old Persian Sword, 139
Old Spanish Swords, 265
Oligiste (iron glance, specular iron), 107
Ollaria (pot copper), 88
‘Omphalos of the earth,’ 192 n
Onager, 4;
origin of the name, 20 n
Ondanique (= ferrum indicum), 107
One-handed Swords (Mexican), 67
Onomatopœia, 4
‘Oran-Banua’ (men of the woods: Malaccan negrito aborigines), 14 n
Ὀρειχάλκον, 85
Ore smelting (discovery of), 51
Orichalcum, 85
Orientation of corpses, 234 n
Oriflamme, 246 n
Original alphabet, the, 146 sq.
Origin of the Ancient Egyptians, 143 sq.
— (suggested) of the smelting-process, 118
Orissa Sword (two-bladed), 141
Or molu, 87
Ornamental alloys (applied to Swords), 83
Ornamentation, Greek, 221
Ornaments in sepulchres at Mycenæ, 234
— set in bone, 29
Osier-bucklers (for recruits: Roman), 249
Osiris and Typhon, 180
Osiris’ ark, 149
Ostrich-feather head-gear, 158 n
Ostrich throwing stones, 3
Οὐλότριχοι, 144 n
Ourshol (= Melkarth), 179
Pacho (club: South Sea Islanders), 48
Pack-fong, 68
Pactyans, 210
Paddle (or original oar), 32, 40;
paddle and spear combined, ib.;
development into the Sword, 42
Paddle-sword (Peruvian), 66, 68
Pagaya (sharpened paddle), 42
Painting in Ancient Egpyt, 148
— (origin of) 15
Pakká (crude steel), 111
‘Palace of the Atreidæ’ at Mycenæ, 233
Palace of the Forty Columns, 211
Palaces of Nimrúd, finds in, 202 sq.
‘Palace of Priam’ (Troas), 191 sq.
Palæolithic flints, 45 n
Palæoliths of Kelts of the British Isles, 275
Palæstræ, Hellenic, 239
Palameda (Horned Screamer), 9
Palestine (etymology of the word), 177
Palintonon, 19
Palladium of Troy, 1 n
Palm-wood Swords, 43
Palstab, 270
Palstave, 20;
derivation, 30 n
Paludamentum (Roman officer’s cloak), 245 n
Palus, 250
Πάμφαινον (explanation of the epithet), 223
Panimukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214
Papacha (Quichuan god), 67 n
Paphlagonians, 210
Παρὰ μηροῦ (meaning of the expression), 239
Parazonia (weapons), 161
‘Parazonium’ dagger, 239, 246
Parazonium of bronze, 239
Parchment, Assyrian, 201 n
Parian (Arundelian) Chronicle, 105
Parma (Roman shield), 246 sq.
Parmularians, 252
Parrying-shields, 38
Parrying stick (Africa and Australia), 12
Partisan (mediæval weapon), 183 n
Pas d’âne, 125 n, 166
‘Paternoster’ blade, 136
Pathros (meaning of the word), 145 n
Pattisha (two-bladed battle-axe: Hindú), 215
Patrick, St., 180
Pattu-Pattus, 25, 47
Pavoise (in sieges: Ancient Egypt), 154
Pea-shooter, 14 n
Pedila, 1
Pelasgo-Hellenic race, the, 186
Πέλεκυς, 89, 90
— ἀμφιστόμος (bipennis), 271
Pelusium (etymology of the word), 177
Pennations (in sabres: Eastern and mediæval), 136
Pennisetum Benthami (Mawingo-wingo), 12
Pennons, Assyrian, 203
Pentaur (scribe of Ramses II.), 101, 147
Percussion, centre of, 129
Persea (Egyptian ‘Tree of Life,’) 202 n
Perseus, 179 sq.
Persia, 209
Persian cidaris or tiara, 209
— akinakes, 210
— archer, 209
— cuneiform, 201, 203
— headdress, 209
— helmet, 209
— origin of heraldry, 140 n
— sculpture, 209
— shield, 209
— Sword (old), 139
— war-axe, 273
— warrior, 209
Persepolis sculptures, 208
Persians of Herodotus, the, 226
Peruvian army, 66;
nation, 66 n;
derivation of ‘Peru,’ ib.
Peshawar sculptures, 218
Phalangæ, 32
Phalanx of the Hittites, 175
— Ancient Egyptian, 154
— in Livy, 246 n
Phalarica (fire-missile: Roman), 248
Phaleræ (military decorations), 248
Phallic theories, 114
Pharaoh (meaning of the word), 145
Pharsalia, Cæsar at, 260
Phásganon (= Sword, in Homer), 222, 230;
etymology of the word, 223
Philistia, plain of, 186
Philistine (modern use of the word), 185 n
— weapons, 185
Phœnicia (etymology of the word), 178
Phœnician art in England, 275
Phœnicians, 178
Phosphor-bronze, 53, 80
Phosphorus mixed with copper, 81 n
Phrygian tongue (a congener of Greek), 76 n
Phrygian-type cap, 175
Picks made of reindeer-antlers, 29 n
Picrous Day (a Cornish festival), 79
Picts (origin of the name), 279 n
Pierced blade and sheath (Sword), 136
‘Piercing-stone’ (Babylonian Inscriptions), 171 n
Piedmontese (modern), 270 n
Pigeon-shooting, 253 n
Pilani (Roman javelineers), 248
Pile (arrow-head; derivation), 25 n
Pile-dwellings of Olmütz, 24;
of Laibach, 29
Pilum (Roman weapon), 248 n
Pilus (division of Roman army), 247
Pinna used as arrow-heads and adze-blades, 47
Pirhua (the first Ynka deified to a Creator), 66 n
Piromis (meaning of the word), 144 n
Pir (sun-heat), 1 n
Pisoliths, 102
Pivot-theatres, 250
Plating (or sheeting) on wood or stone, 55
Ploughshare (Roman) of æs, 56
Plover of Central Africa (carries weapons in its wings), 9
Plumbiferous scoriæ in Spain, 108
Plumbum argentarium (tin and lead), 88
‘Plummets’ in the Western Mounds, 116
Point of a Sword, 139
Poison daggers, 51
— trees, 6
Poisoned arrows, 26;
bullets, 26 n;
weapons, 9, 11
Pokwé or Poucue (weapon: Lunda), 169
Poland (derivation of the name), 92
Pole-axes, 92;
Egyptian, 154
— of silver, copper, gold, 67
Pole, discovery of the, 200 n
— (pillar: etymology of the word), 114 n
Poles of war-cars armed, 277 n
Polished mirrors of copper, 67
Polyænus on Julius Cæsar, 260
Polybius (his character as a writer), 245 n
Pommel of a Sword, 123, 140, 159, 165
Poniards of flint, 46
Popular sports, 253
Porcelain in Ancient Egypt, 148
Porcupines ‘shooting their quills,’ 3 n
Pork, Jewish hatred of, 150
Portable African bellows, 121
— bridge (for sieges; Ancient Egypt), 154
— shrines of Ancient Egypt, 150
Postín (Slav and Afghan dress), 269
Pot-copper, 88
Pottery, in the Maydúm Pyramid, 61;
of the Quichuans, 67 n
Potter’s wheel, invention of the, 119
Poucue (weapon; Lunda), 169
Prachtaxt (ancient German weapon), 273
Prahiunamif (son of Ramses II.), 174
Pramantha, 1 n, 202
Prasa (spear: Hindú), 215
Prasine faction, 252
Pre-Adamites (Moslem), 2 n
Precious stones on Swords, 258
Predatory fishes, 4, 7
Prehistoric Ilium, 194
Prester John, 163 n
Primæval language (Egyptian), 146 sq.
Primitive man, 3 sqq.
Primordial shipbuilders (the Cabiri), 75
Principes (Roman soldiers), 247
Prisse Papyrus, the, 147
Pristis (Saw-fish), 13
Processes of making steel, 117 n
Processional axe (German), 91
Proci (Roman soldiers), 248
Produce of Ancient Britain, 277
Promachoi (Greek soldiers), 248
Prometheus, 1
‘Promised Land,’ the, 178
Prong-edge (of a Sword), 138
Proportions of alloys, 83
Proportion in length of blade and hilt-blade, 264
— of man to animals, 5 n
Proto-chalcitic Age (of weapons), 53
Proto-sideric Age, 5 n
— or Early Iron Age of weapons, 97
Provinces of the bronze antiques of Europe, 276
Prydhain (god worshipped in Britain), 77 n
Pteropedilos (Mercury), 1
Ptolemies, the, 209
Ψευδάργυρος, 85
Pucuna, 14 n
Pugio (Ancient Roman weapon), 210, 256;
derivation of the word, 257 n
Pukhtu or Pushtu (Afghan language), 210 n
Punctured wounds, danger of, 127
‘Pundonor,’ 267
Punishing prisoners by torture (Assyrian), 203
Πῦρ, 1 n
‘Purple copper’ (Chinese), 64
Pygmalion in Cyprus, 187
Pyracmon (the Cyclop), 75
Pyramid of Copan (Yucatan), 67 n
— the Great, 147
Pyrites, 1 n
Pyropus (copper and gold alloy), 86 n
Pyrodes, 1 n
Pyrrhic dance, 239
Quadrangular thrusting-blade, 136
Quadriga of bronze, 80
Quagga (its kick), 7
‘Quarrel’ (bolt of a crossbow), 25 n
Quarter-staff among the Ancient Hindús, 215
Quartz (and quartzite) splinters for wooden Swords, 47
Quaternary Age in England, 275
Quella (Khellay, iron: Peru), 67 n
Quenching (of metal) with water, 165;
with oil, 165 n
Quichua language, 67 n;
characteristics of the people, ib.;
mummies, ib.
Quillons of a Sword, 125, 164
Quincussis (bronze coin), 264
Quiris (= Hasta: Ancient Roman weapon), 246 n
Races, changes in the conditions of, 243
Racial names, 194
Raia trygon and R. histrix (sting-rays), 11
Rakes of copper, 67
Rakshasas (demons: Hindú), 213
Ram (in sieges: Ancient Egypt), 154
Ramayana Epic, 190
‘Ramrod-back’ Sword, 133
Ramses II., tablets of (Bayrut), 200 n
‘Rank,’ man of (derivation of ‘rank’), 140
Ranseur or Ronçeur, 95
Rapier, 123
Rapier-blades, Etrurian, 195, 278
Rapier in Ancient Britain, 278
Rat-trap, crossbow, 37 n
Razors, Assyrian, 202 sq.
‘Razor-women’ of King Gezo (Dahome), 168
Recruit-drill, Roman, 249
‘Red bronze,’ 72
Reed arrows, 28
Regnum Noricum, 256
‘Regulation’ Sword (infantry), 129, 133
Regulus (of metal), 107 n, 111
Reindeer-antlers used as picks, 29 n
— period, 27, 29
Relief in gold and silver on Swords, 258
Religion in Ancient Egypt, 148
Repoussée work at Mycenæ, 233
— work on Swords, 258
Respect for the dead, 5 n
Retiarii (Roman gladiators), 210 n, 251
Rhinoceros-horn used for weapons, 28
Rhinoceros (its armature), 9
Riesenmauer, 271
Riding practised by Ancient Romans, 249
Rig Veda, mention of iron in the, 108
Ring-money, 151 n
Ritual of the Dead, Egyptian, 184
Rock-inscriptions at Ibriz, 176
Rock-inscriptions traced with flint-flakes, 49 n
— tablets at Wady Magharah, 61
Roman alloys, 84
— fashion of wearing the Sword, 258
— fashions adopted by Gauls, 269
— helmets, 246
— iron, 107
— jurisprudence, 244
— lacquered or varnished brass, 84
— method of hardening and tempering tools, &c., 107
— mining operations, 107
— names for the Sword, 254
— shield bordered with brass, 266
Romans smelted copper in England, 71
Roman soldiers, 259 sqq.
— Swords in England, 259
Ῥομφαία (Thracian weapon), 237
Ronçeur or Ranseur, 95
Rorarii (Roman soldiers), 245
‘Rosa mystica’ (of Byzantine art), 202
Rosette, the, as an architectural ornament, 201
‘Royal Commentaries of the Ynkas,’ 67
Royal Swords, Assyrian, 205 sq.
Rubbings of Pharaohnic stone, 102 n
Ruby copper, 85
Rudis (rod or wooden Sword: Roman), 250
Rugii (Baltic), 274
Rumpia (weapon mentioned by Gellius), 237
Runes engraved on a Scramasax, 272 n
Runic inscriptions on Cimbrian weapons, 274 n
‘Sabbatic River’ (Pliny, Josephus), 178 n
Sabbation (fabled river), 178 n
Sabbaths, Assyrian, 200 n
Sabine shields, 253 n
Sabre, ancient forms, Greek and barbarian, 12;
its origin, 32
Sabres of eucalyptus-wood, 44
Sabre-toothed tiger (Machairodus latidens), 9
Sacæ (Shakas; Nomades: Scythians), 226
Sacrificial blades, 217 n
— knives of flint, 46
— knives of iron, 100
Σάγαρις, 90
Sagartian Nomades, 210
Sagina gladiatoria, 250
Sago-tree (Nibong; Caryota urens), 23
Sagum (Roman soldier’s cloak), 245 n
Sahs, Seax, Sax (Saxon), 272
Sailor’s cutlass, 140
Sakkarah pyramids, 144 n
Samians, casting and soldering among the, 221
Samnite weapons, 253
Samnites, javelin of the, 266 n
Samson’s weapon, 24;
tomb, 186 n
Samurai (Japanese two-sworded man), 252 n
Sandal of Perseus, 179
Sanskritists and philology, 191 n
Sanskrit, terms for iron in, 108
Sappers of Ancient Roman army, 249
Sarbacane, 14 n
‘Sardian electrum,’ 87
Sardones (Shardona), 175
‘Sardonian linen,’ 175
Sarissa (spear), 182, 237
Sarpedon’s targe, 192
Satrap (etymology of the word), 226 n
Sattára (= Sát-istara, the Pleiades), 8 n
Satzuma copper (the best in the world), 64
Saucer, inlaid iron, 106 n
Saunion (Samnite javelin), 266 n
Sauromatæ (northern Medes and Slavs), 227
Savage worship of weapons, 162 n
Saw-bayonet, 51, 137
Saw, double-handed, of iron or steel, in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Saw-fish (its armature), 13;
teeth of, 24
Saw-kerf, 29
Saws, Assyrian, 203
Saxnot Zio (German Sword-god), 273
Saxo (weapon of the Saxon or Sacæ), 90 n
Saxon blade, 135
Saxones (ancient German tribe), 271
Scabbard of pearl, 212
Scæan gates (Troas), 191
Scaling-ladder, Ancient Egypt, 154;
Assyrian, 203
Scalping described by Herodotus, 227 n
Scandinavian Goths and Vandals, 274
— tactical formation, 273
Scarabæi of diorite (Egyptian), 53 n
‘Scatterer’ (Sanskrit Astara), 38
Sceptre-heads of copper, 68
Scheme of battle, Homeric, 241
Σχήνη ἱερὰ (portable tent of the Carthaginians), 150
Scherma (fencing: derivation of the word), 272 n
Schläger (German weapon), 135 n, 139
Schlegel on the ‘Brazen’ Age, 56
Schleswig, spatha of, 272
Schliemann’s excavations in the Troas, 190
‘Schweinskopf’ (Ancient German tactical formation), 273
Schwertstab (Sword-staff), 273
Science in Egypt, 147 sq.
Scilly Islands (origin of the name), 78 n
Scipio’s fleet, arms supplied to, 198
Scissors (etymology of the word), 272
— of copper, 79
Sclepista (Roman sacrificial knife) of copper (or bronze?), 56
Scoriæ of lead (at Schliemann’s Troy), 82
Scorpion (or onager), 19, 20 n
— (whip-goad: Ancient Egypt), 157
Scourge, Assyrian, 206
Scramasax, Scramma Scax, 94, 223, 235;
(derivation of the word), 272 n
— from Hallstadt, 263
Scramsahs, Copenhagen, 272 n
Sculpture in Egypt, 148
— (origin of), 15
Sculptures of Chehel Munar, 211
Scutum (Roman shield), 247, 253
Scymitar, 123, 130, 139;
etymology of, 126 n
— among the Peruvians, 68
— of gold, 212
Scymitar-shaped Sword, 133
Scythe-shaped Swords, 72, 95
Scythes of copper, 72
— used as weapons, 95
Scythe war-car (of Ancient Britons), 276
Scythian weapons, 227
Scythians, 226
Seals, Hittite, 176
Sea-unicorn (Narwhal; Monodon monoceros), 11
Seax (weapon = Saxo), 90 n
Second chalcitic age of alloys, 74 sqq.
Sections of Sword-blades, 131
— of thrusting Swords, 135
Securis, 90;
Danica, 274
Semiramis, 207
Semitic (language), 146 n
Senonian Gauls, 267
Sentinum, war-cars of Gauls at the battle of, 277 n
Sepulchres at Mycenæ, 228 sqq.
Sequence of metals—copper, bronze, brass, 57
Serpentine (stone), 47
Serrated or saw-edged instruments, 13
Set (Satan, the Evil Spirit of Egyptian religion), 149
Sesostris, weight of the statue of, 54;
derivation of the name, 174 n;
date of, 199 n
Seven-rayed star (on Turkish flag), 147 n
Shairetana (Syrian people), 179
Shah and Shahanshah (derivation of the word), 210 n
Shak-ari (‘foe to the Shakas’), 226
Sham-fights, Roman, 249
Shapes of Ancient Egyptian Sword-blades, 161
— of cutting instruments, 132
— of Sword blades, 126
Shardana (Sardones), 175
Sharks’ teeth used to edge Swords, 49
Sharpened stake, 21
‘Shave-grass,’ 12
Shear-steel, 114 n
Sheeting (or plating) on wood, 55
Sheet (or plate) iron-work, Assyrian, 105
Shell-lac, 87 n
Shell of a Sword, 124
Shells as arrow-heads and adze-blades, 47
Shepherd-kings (Hyksos), 103, 173
‘Shepherd’s plaid’ in Central Africa, 269 n
Shield, Australian, 20
Shield-handles, 105
Shield of Achilles, 223
— of Ajax, 222
— of Hercules, 222
— with concentric rings (British), 276
Shield-umbo, 248
Shields as heraldic badges, 40 n
— Hittite, 175
Shinar, Plain of, 199
Shotel (Abyssinian Sword), 163
Shoulder-belts of gold (Mycenæ), 228, 231
Shovel-shaped base of spear, 170
Sica (short Sword: Roman), 252
Sicarii, 185
Sicarius (‘assassin’), 252 n
Sicily (derivation of the name), 252 n
Sickle of chalcos, 55 n
Sickle-Sword (Ancient Egypt), 155, 161
Sickle-throwing (in the Roman Campagna), 19
Sickles used as weapons, 95;
of iron, 100
Sicula (= English ‘sickle’), 252 n
Sideros indikos, 108
Siderite (loadstone), 101
Σιδηρίτις λίθος (magnet), 101
Σίδηρος (wrought iron), Hellenic, 221;
etymology of the word, 221 n
— ἐργασμένος (worked iron of Aristotle), 107
Signa, in Ancient Roman army, 246 n
Signet-ring in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Sigurd’s Sword, 95
Silepe (Basuto weapon), 94
Sih-tárah (Persian lyre), 187 n
Silex, 1 n;
Silex religiosa, ib.
Silex arrow-heads, 102 n
Silex-flake knives, Hebrew, 184
Silex-flake ‘Swords,’ 45
Silk-spinning in Ancient Egypt, 148
Silver and lead in Spain, 107
— coinage at Ægina, 194 n
— dagger, Cyprian, 189
— in Ancient Egypt, 151
— in Midian, 151
— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69
— lead, 88
— mines (ancient) of Peru, 67 n
Siluri (Welsen), 29
Siljukian monsters, 176
Simiads (use of missiles by), 2
Sindi (Gypsies), 76
Singhauta (horn dagger), 11
Single-grooved claymore, 132
Single-stick among the Ancient Hindús, 215
Sinties (Sinti or Saii), 74, 76
Sion, iron Sword discovered at, 197
Sívají (Prince of Maráthá-land), 8
Skeyne (Irish scjan), 27
— (Sword), 123
Skull-cap (namms), Ancient Egyptian, 204
Slav (or German) Sword, 263
Sling-bullet of iron, 191
Slingers, Hittite, 175
— in Ancient Egyptian army, 154
Slings (various kinds), 19, 49
Small handles of bronze Swords, 264 n
Small-Sword, 123, 135
Smelting, 65, 88
Smith (derivation of the word), 77
Snake (sacred), 1 n
Socketed celt (Yorkshire), 276
Socotrine Aloe, 6
‘Solar myth,’ 191 n
Solder (ancient), 85 n
Soldered blades at Mycenæ, 233
Soldering among the Ancient Greeks, 221
Soldering in Ancient Egypt, 151
Soldiers’ headdresses, Assyrian, 203
Soldier’s position in Hellas, 241
Soleret (boot; 16th century), 175
Solid scabbard of metal (German), 272
Solomon Islands (nondescript weapon used in), 12 n
Solomon’s Temple, 182
— Temple (the ‘brass’ in), 56
Soma (Asclepias gigantea), 202 n
Somal, 259
Source of bronze in Great Britain, 275
South American lasso, 210 n
Southern Italians (modern), 270 n
Sow-metal, 107
Spade, 20
Spalling (method of treating ores), 65
Spanish (Ancient) Swords, 265
— bull-fights, 253
— Xiphos, 268
Spartan Sword-blade, 238
Sparth (= battle-axe: Chaucer), 235 n
Spata or Spatha, 123, 142, 156
Spatha of Schleswig, 272
— pennata, 267 n
— Roman, 258 n
Spathæ, Ancient British, 279
— of iron, German, 271
Spathe (= weaver’s lath), 235 n
Σπάτι (Romaic sabre: etymology of the word), 235 n
Spear, 20;
origin of, 31;
in Homer, 223
— and paddle combined, 40;
spears armed with flints, 48
Spear, favourite weapon of the Dark Continent, 162
Spear-head, Assyrian, 203
Spear: its name in various languages, 274
Spear of the ancient Germans, 270
Spearmen, Roman, 247
— Hittite, 176
Spectacula, Roman, 251
Specular iron (iron glance, oligiste), 107
Σπέρμα πυρός, 1
Spelter (copper and zinc), 84
Spetum (Spieclo or Spit), 95
Sphinxes, 176
Sphyraton (plate work), 221
Spiculum (Roman javelin), 246 n
Split-bone implements, 29
Split Swords, 142
Spodium, 86 n
Spur-edge (of a Sword), 138
Spud, 20
Squalus centrina or Spinax, Linn., 9, 23
Squamata (Roman armour), 248 n
Stabbing Swords of copper, 72
Stag-horn axes, 27;
inserted in wooden truncheons, 49
‘Stahl-bronce’ = steel (i.e. hardened) bronze, 53 n
Stamped-clay literature (Assyrian), 201
Stan (Irish term for tin), 65
Standard-bearer (German), station of, 273
Standard-bearers, Assyrian, 203
Standards in Ancient Roman Army, 246 n
‘Standard Inscription,’ 55
Staple of Cyprus, 188
Star (derivation of the word), 221 n
Star-shaped weapon of copper, 68
Stasinus or Hegesias: his ‘Kypria,’ 221 n
Stater (gold coin) of Crœsus, 194 n
Staves of copper inlaid with figures, 68
Steam, motive power of, known to Ancient Egyptians, 148
‘Steel bronze,’ 53
Steel (Chinese) for Swords and knives, 115
— early known, 98
— in China, 113
— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69
— processes of making, 117 n
— Swords, Roman, 256
— treated of by Aristotle, 106
— wheel (Chakrá; war-quoit), 39
St. George and the Dragon, 180 sq.
‘Stickleback,’ (Gasterosteus), 10
Stick-sling, 19
Stiletto, 11
— Hindú, 215
— Italian (derivation of the word), 215 n
Stilettos, two-edged (Ancient Roman), 257
Sting-fish or adder-pike (Trachinus vipera), 11
Stoccado, 123
Stómoma (steel), 106, 109, 110
‘Stone Age,’ 22 n, 23 n
Stone anchors, 119 n
Stone-axe, 20 n
Stone-hatchets, 14 n
Stone spear-heads, 26;
implements, 30
Stone-splinters in wooden Swords, 47
Stone-tipped arrows (Ethiopian), 154 n
Stone-throwing, 7
Stone-weapons of the Romans, 21 n
Stones as weapons, 16 sq.
Stork’s-head-shaped weapon, 37
Storm-caps of iron, 102
St. Michael, weapon of, 237
St. Paul and the Sicarii, 185
Stratagems (of Animals and Savages), 6
‘Straw-death’ (Scandinavian), 185
Stream-gold, 54
Stream-tin, 59, 78
String-sling, 19
Strokes or blows of various animals, 7
Stylus or Stilus, 15 n
Suardones (ancient German tribe), 271
Subligaculum (gladiatorial apron), 253
Succinum (amber), 87
Suffetes (Carthaginian magistrates), 181
Suit of Cypriote armour, 188
Suits of iron armour, 102
Sumir (= lower Babylonia), 104
Sumpitan (Borneo), 14 n
Sun-dial, discovery of the, 200 n
Sun, the, in Egyptian religion, 149
Superimposed settlements of Troy, 193
Superiority of the curved blade, 129
Supernumerarii (Roman soldiers), 245 n
Surface ironstone of Africa, 117, 119
‘Surgeon’ or lancet-fish (Acanthurus), 10
Suvóroff and his soldiers, 260 n
Svasti (Hittite symbol), 202 n
‘Svinfylking’ (Scandinavian tactical formation), 273
Swallowing Swords (by jugglers of old), 238
Swallow-tailed blades, 141
Swallow-wort (Calatrapis gigantea), 218
Swimming (two ways of), 40 n
Swamp tea-tree (Melaleuca), 40
Sword—
Abyssinian Sword, 237
acinaces (Persian), 210 sq.;
with golden ornaments, 212
Afghan Charay, 212
ancient Greek infantry Sword, 237
among the Barbarians, 262 sqq.
— — Scythians, 226
Arjuna’s Sword, 217
as a weapon for point, 133
Asidevatá (‘Sword-god’: Hindú), 214
Assyrian fashion of carrying the Sword, 239
— Swords, 199, 204 sq.
as the instrument of punishment in Persia, 211
blades of gold given honoris causâ, 212
blades, shapes of, 126
bronze swords of Italy, 264
— — (Scythian) in the Crimea, 227
Burmese Dalwel (fighting-Sword), 219
Carthaginian blades, 181
Celtiberian and Old Spanish Swords, 265
Ceretolo, Etruscan Sword found at, 196
Cilician, 211
cinctorium (Roman general’s Sword), 257
club-Sword (Assyrian), 204
cluden (juggler’s sword: Roman), 258
Cypriote Swords, 188
dagger-Swords, 204
Danish Swords, 236
definition of the weapon, 123
derivation of the word, 123 n
description of Roman Sword, 254 sq.
double-bladed, 141
double Sword (Assyrian), 204
‘Dunner-Saxen’ (thunder-Sword), 272 n
edged with sharks’ teeth, 49
elephant-Sword, 216
ensis noricus, 263
ethnological view of Sword-distribution, 128
Etruscan Sword, 195 sqq.
executioner’s, 139
‘falx supina’ of the Thracians, 253
fancy Sword (Assyrian), 204
‘ferrum,’ ‘gladius,’ ‘ensis,’ 254 sq.
fist-Sword (stiletto: Hindú), 215
flesh-knife Sword (Egyptian), 212
forged by Hephaistos (in Aristophanes), 223 n
forked, 141
from Mithras group, 210
German or Slav Sword, 263
gladiators’ Swords, 252 sq.
Greek fashion of carrying the Sword, 239
Hercules’ Sword, 222
hereba-blade, 181
Hittite, 175
in Ancient Rome, 247 sqq.
in Britain, 275 sqq.
in Greek literature, 242
in Homer, 222
in India, 213 sqq.
in Moslem Africa, 162
in Persia, 209 sqq.
in relief (Persepolis sculptures), 210
in the Dark Continent, 162, 166
in Troas, 193
its parts described, 124 sq.
Khadga, As, or Asi (Hindú Sword), 214, 216
Keltic Sword, 272
length of Ancient Greek Swords, 237
Marzabotto blade, the, 195
Mayence Sword, 255
maushtika (fist-Sword; stiletto: Hindú), 215
Mohammed’s, 141
names for the Sword in Homer, 222
of Alexander the Great, 188
of Ancient Illyria, 262
of bronze, 78 n, 82
of copper, 57, 72;
copper and zinc, 84
of copper (Cimbrian), 274
of Goliath, 184
of Greek cavalry, 248
of iron (of the Celtiberians), 107
of iron discovered at Sion, 197
of iron in Ancient Germany, 270
of iron-wood and obsidian, 49
of Isernia, 197
of Jeanne d’Arc, 184 n
of justice, 139
of Misanello, 195 n
of Perseus (Ἅρπη), 180
of Scandinavian Goths, 274
of scymitar shape, 133
of Sigurd, 95
of the Alanni, 262 sq.
of the Alemanni (Germani), 270 sq.
of the Ancient Egyptian army, 155
of the Ancient Hebrews, 182, 184
of the Bosnians, 262
of the Cherubim (Eden), 183
of the Cimbrians, 274
of the Dacians, 262
of the Danes, 274
of the Early Bronze Age, 96
of the Fenni, 274
of the Gold Coast, 167
of the Irish, 276
of the Keltic Gauls, 266
of the King of Dahome, 167
of the Lemovii (Pomerania), 274
of the Ligures, 265
of the Lycians, 182
of the Phœnicians, 179, 181
of the Rebo (Syria), 179
of the Rugii (Baltic), 274
of the Ruthens (Syria), 179
of the Scotti, 279
of the Shairetana (Syria), 179
of the Thracians, 262
of the Tokkari (Syria), 179
of the Welsh, 279
of Tiberius, 258
of Vandals, 274
of Victor Emmanuel, 257 n
of Vul-nirari I. (Assyrian), 208
of wood, 31;
palm-wood, 43
of wood and stone combined, 47
of wood with stone edges, 49
on Italian (ancient) coins, 264, 268
ornamented with alloys, 83
Persian Swordlet (περσικὸν ξιφίδιον), 211
royal Swords (Assyrian), 205 sq.
‘rudis’ (rod or wooden Sword), 250
Samnite Sword, 253
Sa-pa-ra (Assyria), 204
Saul’s Sword, 185
scythe-shaped, 72, 95
sections of Sword-blades, 131
Spanish Xiphos, 268
swallowing Swords (by jugglers of old), 238
swallow-tailed or forked, 141
Sword and the Dove (Assyrian emblem), 184
Swords found at Mycenæ, 228 sqq.
Swords found in ancient cemetery at Hallstadt, 262
‘Sword of God’ (Jeremiah), 185
Thracian Swords, 222 sq.
with blades like Aries (astronomical sign), 141
with iron blades (Roman), 258
with saw blade, 51
with wood- and horn-points, 49
women (Hindú) instructed in the use of the Sword, 215
wooden Swords in sham-fights (Roman), 249
zacco-Sword of Emperor Leo, 272 n
Sword and spear of copper or bronze (Theseus’), 105
Swords and Sword-handles in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Sword-bayonet, Enfield, 134 n
Sword-belt and scabbard of Darius, 212
Sword-belts, Assyrian, 206
Sword-blades of copper, 72
Sword-breakers, 138
Sword-cutlers, Hebrew, 185
Sword-dagger, two-edged, 184
Sword-daggers (Ancient Egyptian), 159, 161
Sword-dance, 163, 165
Sword-distribution, ethnological view of, 128
Sword-exercise among the Ancient Greeks, 240
Sword-fish (Xyphias), 11;
its horn as a spear-head, 24
‘Sword-grass,’ 12
Sword-knife (Kukkri), 39;
of Ashanti, 167
Sword-like weapon of Borneo, 112
Sword-play of North Africa, 163
Sword-makers, 77
Sword-metal, Hindú trial of, 110 n
Sword-pommels at Mycenæ, 231, 233
‘Sword-side’ relationship, 188 n
Swordsmen of old, famous, 240 n
Syenite (hieroglyphics engraved on), 53
Syllogistic puzzle of Eubulides, 97 n
Syphilis, traces of, in prehistoric bones, 150
Syria (etymology of the word), 177
Syrian terebinth, 257
Tabáshir (silicious bark of bamboo), 31
Tabernacle, the Jewish (whence imitated), 150
Table of alloys in common use, 83 sq.
Table of archaic names of metals, 122
Tacapé (paddle), 42
Tac et taille (cut-and-thrust), 126
Tactical formation of Ancient Germans, 273
Tactics in Ancient Greece, 241
Talaria, 1
Talismans (Chinese) of copper, 64
Talwar (Hindustan sabre), 131 sq.
Tamarana (paddle), 42
Tamarang (Australian parrying-shield), 38
Tammaraka (sacred rattle; Brazilian Tupis), 151
Tangapé (paddle), 42
Tang (tongue) of a Sword, 124
Tanged dagger, 278
— razor (British), 276
Taper-axe, 91, 94
‘Targe’ or ‘Target’ (derivation of), 12 n
Taru (Egyptian war-pike), 158
Tasso’s description of the Irish, 279
Tattooing (its origin), 269 n
Tax levied on iron in China, 114
‘Tears of the Heliades’ (= amber), 87
‘Tears of the sun,’ 67
Tectosages (Phrygia), war-cars of the, 277 n
Telak (African arm-knife), 162
‘Telamon,’ at Mycenæ, 231 sq.
Telchines, 74, 76
Telluric iron, 99
Tempering (of iron) by cold immersion, 112, 165;
by oil, &c., 165 n
Temple-caves of Elephanta (Bay of Bombay), 217
Temple of Baal at Marseille, 181 n
— of Belus (vulgò Tower of Babel), 55
— of Kanaruc, 109
Temples of Babylonia, 199
Τενέδιος πέλεκυς (origin of the proverb), 90
Terebinth, Syrian (‘oak’ of Mamre), 257
Terra cottas in Cyprus, 190;
in Troy, 193
Testudo (in sieges; Ancient Egypt), 154
Teufelsgraben, 271
Thane (derivation of the word), 215 n
Thapsus, Cæsar at the battle of, 260 n
The ‘First Highlander,’ 217
Thera (Grecian), bronze Sword from, 262
Thermutis (the princess who found Moses), 174 n
Thiudiskô (= Teutons), 274
Thong-sling, 19, 68
Thraces, 252
Thracian dance (in arms), 163 n
‘Thracian Magic,’ 238 n
Thracians, 210
Thracian Swords, 222 sq., 262
— weapons, 253
Three-sided blades, 66
Thresher (fox-shark: Carcharias vulpes), 7
Throw-spears of the Ancient Romans, 245
Throw-stick, 32, 40 n
Throw-Swords, German, 273
Thrusting blades, 134 sq.
‘Thrusting cut,’ 134
Thrusting weapons (origin of), 12
Thuhi (= Naphtuhim), 102
Tiara of gold, 212
Tiger (its stroke or blow), 7;
the sabre-toothed tiger, 9
Tin, 54;
origin of the word, 77;
mines (ancient), 78
Tinkal (borax: India), 85 n
Tin-ore of Peru, 83
‘Tin-stone’ (native peroxide of tin), 71
Tilaniferous ores, 102
Toadstone (= todstein: German), 103 n
Tokkari (Syria), 179
Toletum (Spanish tradition of its origin), 256 n
Toledo blade, 107, 132;
rapier, 265
Tomahawk, 14 n, 36
Tombac (copper and gold alloy), 86, 87 n
Tombat (Australian weapon), 36 n, 38
Tomb of Alyattes, 194
— of Samson, 186 n
Tomb-stones at Mycenæ, 232
Tomeang (Malaccan weapon), 14 n
Tools of bronze, Assyrian, 202
Toothed-edge (of a Sword), 138
Topographical lists of Thut-mes III., 178
Tormenta (artillery: Roman), 248
Tormentum, 19, 20 n
Torques (Gallic ornament), 268
Tower of Babel, 55
‘Tower of Ilios’ (Troas), 191
Toxotes (Archer fish), 7
Toys in Ancient Egypt, 148
Trachinus vipera (sting-fish or adder-pike), 11
Training for warfare, Roman, 239, 249
Transparent glass, Assyrian, 202
Transplanting full-grown trees (Ancient Egypt), 148
‘Treasury of Priam’ (Troas), 192
Treble-grooved claymore, 132
‘Tree-planting’ (= vivi-interment: Assyrian), 203
Trenchant or cutting weapons (origin of), 12, 13
Τρία κάππα κάκιστα, 97 n
Trialamellum, 135
Triangular small-Sword, 135 n
Triarii (Roman soldiers), 245 n
Tribulus, 15 n
Tribute-articles of Yu (Chinese), 112 sq.
Tribute paid in copper, 68
Tridens (gladiatorial weapon), 253
Trident-like weapon in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Trilingual Behistun Inscription, the, 209 n
Trimarkisia (class of cavalry: Gaul), 269 n
Triodon, 24
Triumphal Arch of Orange, 268 n
Troas, site of, 190
Trojan alphabet, 193
— battle-axes of copper and tin, 82 n
— Sphinx, 190 n
— war, date of, 220
— weapons, 191
Trombash (Abyssinian weapon), 36
Trowel-form blade, 159
Trowels of copper, 68
Troy, the age of, 193
Trumpets of copper, 72, 221
Truncheons (wooden) with stag-horn inserted, 49
Truth-telling races, 209 n
Tuba (Etruscan trumpet), 248
Tubal-Cain (etymology of the name), 182
Tubicines, 248
Tuck (rapier), 32, 123, 279
Tuisco or Tyr (regent of Tuesday), 270 n
Tumuli, finds in, 271
‘Turanian’ blade, 140
Turanian (Chinese) element in Babylonia, 200
— language, 146
Turkish flag (seven-rayed star on), 147 n
— scymitar, 139, 161, 166
Turquoise, 62
‘Tuscan’ border (architectural ornament), 202
Tutenag (zinc from India), 84 n
Tutiya (oxide of zinc), 86
Twastu, 1 n
Tweezers of copper and stone, 67
Twelve Tables, the, 244
Two-bladed Sword, 141
Two-edged axe (at Schliemann’s Troy), 82
— bronze Swords at Mycenæ, 230 sq.
— German Sword, 271
— knives (pokwé), 170
— Roman stilettos, 257
— Spanish Swords, 265
— Sword-dagger, 184
Two-handed espadon (mediæval), 161, 166
— Swords, 67, 138
Two-headed eagle (Moslem heraldry), 176 n
‘Two-river’-land (Naharayn: Mesopotamia), 172
Two-wheeled war-cars, 277 n
Typhon (in Egyptian religion), 149
Tyr or Tuisco (regent of Tuesday), 270 n
Πρᾶγμα (? corruption of onager), 20 n
Ὕδωρ, 1 n
Uma or Umha (copper: Keltic), 65
Umbrella, King Koffee’s, 168 n
Umbria, coins cast in, 264 sq.
Unicorn (on the Royal Arms), 11 n
Unyoro dagger-Sword, 166
Urim and Thummim (whence derived), 149
Ursus spelæus (remains of), 24
Uruckh (= ‘pater Orchamus’), 199 n
‘Usem’-metal, 87
Uses of the Sword, 128
Utensils of bronze, Assyrian, 202
— in sepulchres at Mycenæ, 234
Vagina (Sword-sheath: Roman), 256
‘Valai Tadi’ (Madura throwing-stick), 38
Valley of Caves (Wady Magharah), the most ancient mines in the world, 60
Vandals, Scandinavian, 274
Various forms of Swords found at Hallstadt, 262 sq.
— names for Aphrodite, 187 n
— names for the Sword, 123
Vases of copper and of stone, 68
Velati (Roman soldiers), 245 n
Velites (Roman soldiers), 245
Venetian weapons at Famagosta, 190
Venus (of alchemy: = ♀), 57
Verdigris from a spear (Achilles’), 60
Vericulum (Roman javelin), 246 n
Verutum (Roman javelin), 246 n
Vexillarii (Roman soldiers), 249
Vexillum (Ancient Roman standard), 246 n
Viaticum (provisions for the dead), 234
Virtue of the Ancient Gauls, 269
Visigoths, weapons of the, 272 n
Vitriol (blue), 60
‘Vivisection,’ 225
Volcanic mud, 118
Voulge, 95
Waddy clubs (Australian), 38
Wady Magharah (Valley of Caves), the most ancient mines in the world, 60
Waggons, military, as a ‘lager’ (Gallic), 269
Wágh-nakh (Hindú weapon), 8
Wait-a-bit (Acacia detinens), 6
Wall-cramps, in Nimrúd’s palace, 105
Walrus (how killed by polar bears), 3;
its method of attack, 9;
its tooth as a spear-point, 24
Wandering race of metal-workers, 275
Wánshi stone-throwers, 16
War-axes, 66, 154
War-clubs, 24, 32, 154
War-deities of Ancient Egypt, 152
Warfare (primitive), 4 sq.
War-flails, 20 n, 154
War-hatchets (English), 91
Warlike character of Ancient Britons, 279
‘War-lions of the king’ (Ramses II.), 3 n
Warmen (Germani), 270
War-prisoners, treatment of, by Greeks and by Romans, 241, 249
War-quoit, 39
War-scythe, 95
Wasa or Wassaw (Sword), 168
Wattle and dab (huts of), 63
Wave-edged dagger, 137
Wave-pattern (architectural ornament), 202
‘Wayland Smith,’ the legend of, 121
Weapons—
in the Laws of the Visigoths, 272
in sepulchres at Mycenæ, 234
of Ancient Rome, 245 sqq.
of Animals and Savages, 6
of bronze, Assyrian, 202
of gold, as royal presents, 212
of the Alemanni (Germani), 270
of the Ancient Egyptian soldiers, 152 n
of the Ancient Hindús, 214 sq.
of the Ancient Irish, 279
of the Ancient Picts, 279
of the Ancient Scots, 279
of the Ancient Welsh, 279
of the Arabians, 185
of the Assyrians, 203
of the Carthaginians, 181
of the Cherusci, 271
of the Cimbri, 273
of the East Indians, 185
of the Fenni (Finns), 274
of the Gauls, 266, 269
of the Goths, 274
of the Lemovii (Pomerania), 274
of the Philistines, 185
of the Phœnicians, 179 sq.
of the Rugii (Baltic), 274
of the Samnites, 253
of the Saxones, 271
of the Suardones, 271
of the Syrians, 179
of the Thracians, 253
of the Vandals, 274
of the warriors of Mycenæ, 234 sq.
St. Michael’s weapon, 237
Weapon-making, 1
Weapon-symbol of Merodach, 183
Weapon-throwing in Homer, 222
Wedge-form tactical formation (Ancient German), 273
Welsen (Siluri), 29
‘Welsh of the Horn,’ 78
West and East, Egyptian, 191 n
Whale (its method of attack), 7
Wheel-drill and emery for alt-reliefs, 81
Wheeled tower, Assyrian, 203
‘White copper’ (South African name for gold), 62
‘White lead’ (of Pliny), 78, 79 n
Whorl, combined forms of the, 233
Wigs (of the Nilotes), 158 n
Winged bulls, Assyrian, 201 n
— Celts (or palstave), 71
— circle, the, as an architectural ornament, 201
— sphinxes in Cyprus, 189 n
Wing-wader of Australia (carries weapons in its wings), 9
Women instructed in the use of the Sword, &c. (Hindú), 215
Women’s dress-pins of copper, 67
Wood, Age of, 31
Wooden blades with metal edges, 51
— clubs spiked with iron, 105
— handles to bronze hatchets, 154
— sabres, 44;
chopper, ib.;
knife, ib.;
rapier-blade, 45
— Sword of Egypt, 39
— Sword-sheaths (Mycenæ), 228
— weapons with meteoric-iron chips, 51
Wootz or Wutz (‘natural Indian steel’), 110, 111
Word-compounding languages (Iranian), 146
Word-developing languages (Arabian), 146
Worked flints, 45 n
— hæmatite, 116
Worship offered to weapons, 162 n
Writing on leaden plates, 225 n
— on linen cloths, 225 n
Wrought iron in the ‘Odyssey,’ 224
Xerxes’ army, Cypriote contingent in, 188
— army of, 210
Xiphias (Sword-fish), 11
Xiphos, Xiphidion (= Sword, in Homer), 222, 230
Xiphos-Gladius, 256
Xiphos, Spanish, 268
Ξυήλαι (Lacedæmonian weapons), 237
Ξυστοφόροι, 237
Yahveh (Jehovah), its etymology and mystic meaning, 149 n
Yantramukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214
Yataghan-bayonet, 134 n, 164
Yataghan (weapon), 123, 134, 163, 166, 265
‘Yellow copper’ opposed to ‘native brass’ (English), 56
Yellow frankincense, 85 n
Ynka mines of iron, 116
Ynkas, ‘Royal Commentaries of’ the, 67
Yucatan (origin of the word), 65 n
Yunan (= Ionia), 209
Zanzibar Swords, 166
Zarabatana, 14 n
Zebra (its kick), 7
Zeno, the Stoic, in Cyprus, 187
Zeus-Jovi (= Jupiter), 183
Zeus Kasios, 1 n
Zinc, 57;
alloy with copper, 84;
derivation of the word, 84 n
Zinciferous ore imported from the East, 84
Zio (Saxnot: German Sword-god), 273
Zodiac, Denderah, 155 n
Ζωστήρ (meaning of the word), 239
Zú’l-Fikár (Mohammed’s Sword), 141

The Book of the Sword

About This Book

INDEX.