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The Book of the Sword

Chapter 5: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
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About This Book

The author traces the development of edged weapons from prehistoric stone and wooden arms through copper, bronze, and iron metallurgy, describing construction, regional forms, and battlefield use. Chapters discuss cultural and ritual roles of the sword, its symbolism in religion, law, and chivalry, and its presence in myth and ceremony across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Technical aspects such as types, forging, and fencing conventions are considered alongside literary and iconographic references, while historical anecdotes and comparative analysis link material technology to the social and moral meanings attached to the weapon.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG.
 
PAGE
1.
Indian Wágh-nakh
9
2.
Wágh-nakh, used by Maráthás
9
3.
Balistes Capriscus; Cottus Diceraus; Naseus Fronticornis
9
4.
Spear of Narwhal; Sword of Xiphias; Rhinoceros-Horn; Walrus Tusks
10
5.
Narwhal’s Sword Piercing Plank
10
6.
Metal Daggers with Horn Curve
10
7.
Mádu or Máru
11
8.
The Adaga
12
9.
Serrated or Multibarbed Weapons
14
10.
Weapons made of Shark’s Teeth
14
11.
Italian Dagger, with Grooves and Holes for Poison
14
12.
Sword with Serrated Blade of Saw-Fish
14
13.
Ancient Egyptians Throwing Knives
18
14.
Japanese War-Flail
21
15.
Turkish War-Flail
21
16.
Morning Star
21
17.
Deer-Horn Arrow-Head
24
18.
Horn War Clubs with Metal Points
24
19.
Double Spear and Shield
24
20.
Spine of Diodon
24
21.
Walrus Tooth used as Spear Point; Tomahawk of Walrus Tooth
24
22.
Sting of Malaccan Limulus Crab
25
23.
The Greenland Nuguit
25
24.
Narwhal Shaft and Metal Blade
25
25.
Jade Pattu-Pattus
25
26.
Bone Arrow-Point for Poison; Iron Arrow-Head for Poison
27
27.
Wilde’s Dagger
27
28.
Hollow Bone for Poison
27
29.
Bone Knife
27
30.
Bone Arrow-Point armed with Flint Flakes
27
31.
Bone Splinter edged with Flint Flakes
27
32.
Harpoon Head
29
33.
Lisán in Egypt and Abyssinia
32
34.
Lisán or Tongue
32
35.
Transition from the Boomerang to the Hatchet
34
36.
Australian Picks
34
37.
Indian Boomerangs
35
38.
Boomerang and Kite
35
39.
African Boomerangs
36
40.
Transition from the Malga, Leowel or Pick to the Boomerang
37
41.
The Stick and the Shield
39
42.
Throw-sticks
39
43.
Old Egyptian Boomerang
39
44.
Bulak Sword
39
45.
Hieroglyphic Inscription on Wooden Sword of Bulak
39
46.
Transition from Celt to Paddle Spear and Sword Forms
41
47.
Clubs of Fiji Islands
41
48.
Wooden Swords and Clubs of Brazilian Indians
41
49.
Pagaya, Sharpened Paddle
42
50.
Clubs
43
51.
Paddles
43
52.
Samoan Club
44
53.
Wooden Sabre
44
54.
Wooden Chopper
44
55.
Knife (Wood), from Vanna Lava
44
56.
Irish Sword
45
57.
Wooden Rapier-Blade
45
58.
Fragments of Stone Knives from Shetland
47
59.
Flint Daggers
47
60.
Australian Spears armed with Flints at side
47
61.
Sword of Sabre Form, with Sharks’ Teeth
47
62.
Ditto, armed with Obsidian
47
63.
Wood- and Horn-Points
49
64.
Mexican Sword of the Fifteenth Century, of Iron Wood, with Ten Blades of Black Obsidian fixed into the Wood
49
65.
Mahquahuitls
50
66.
Mexican Warrior
50
67.
Mexican Sword, Iron-Wood, armed with Obsidian
50
68.
Mexican Spear-Head (Fifteenth Century), Black Obsidian, with Wooden Handle
10
69.
New Zealand Club
50
70.
Australian Spears, with bits of Obsidian, Crystal, or Glass
51
71.
Italian Poison Daggers
51
72.
Arab Sword, with Down-curved Quillons, and Saw Blade
51
73.
Sephuris at Wady Magharah (oldest Rock Tablets). Third Dynasty
60
74.
Soris and the Canaanites at Wady Magharah (oldest Rock Tablets), Fourth Dynasty
60
75.
Tablet of Suphis and Nu-Suphis at Wady Magharah. (Fourth Dynasty.)
62
76.
The Winged Celt, or Palstave
71
77.
Copper Celts in the Dublin Collection
72
78.
Scythe-shaped Blade
73
79.
Straight Blade
73
80.
Straight Blade
73
81.
Scythe-shaped Blade
73
82.
Fine Specimen of Egyptian Dagger in possession of Mr. Hayns, brought by Mr. Harris from Thebes
80
83.
Bronze Knife, from the Pile-Villages of Neuchâtel
82
84.
Peruvian Knife. Metal Blade, secured in a Slit in the Haft by strong Cotton Twine
82
85.
Oldest Form (?)
89
86.
Metal Celts
89
87.
Knife found at Réalon (Hautes Alpes)
89
88.
The Glaive
90
89.
Egyptian Axes of Bronze
90
90.
Irish Battle-Axe
91
91.
Axe used by Bruce
91
92.
German Processional Axe
91
93.
Halbards
93
94.
Halbards
93
95.
Bechwana’s Club Axe; The Same, Expanded; The Same, Barbed; Silepe of the Basutos; Horseman’s Axe of the Sixteenth Century
93
96.
Hindu Hatchet from Rajputana
94
97.
German Hatchet of Bronze Period
94
98.
Burgundian Axe; Francisque or Taper Axe
94
99.
Iron Scramasax
94
100.
Scramasax
94
101.
Gunnar’s Bill
95
102.
Voulges
95
103.
Egyptian Sacrificial Knives (Iron)
101
104.
Iron Smelting Furnace amongst the Maráve People
119
105.
Portable African Bellows
121
106.
The Italian Foil
125
107.
Pommel; Quillons; Pas d’Ane
126
108.
Double Guard (Guard and Counterguard)
126
109.
Straight Quillons and Loops
126
110.
Fantastic Form
126
111.
The Three Forms of the Sword
126
112.
Delivering Point
127
113.
The Infantry ‘Regulation’ Sword
129
114.
Scymitar
130
115.
Claymore
130
116.
117.
}Diagrams illustrating the Direct and the Oblique Cut}
131
118.
Sections of Sword-Blades
131
119.
Foil with French Guard
133
120.
Regulation Sword for Infantry
133
121.
Scymitar-Shape
133
122.
Yataghan
134
123.
Ornamental Yataghan and Sheath
134
124.
Sections of Thrusting-Swords
135
125.
Pierced Blade
136
126.
Pierced Blade and Sheath
136
127.
Flamberge
136
128.
German Main-Gauche
136
129.
Paternoster
136
130.
Malay Krís
137
131.
Wave-Edged Dagger
137
132.
Saw-Tooth Blade
137
133.
Main-Gauche
137
134.
Sword-Breakers
138
135.
One-Edged Wave Blade
138
136.
Counterguard
138
137.
Toothed-Edge
138
138.
Hooked-Edge
138
139.
Executioner’s Sword
139
140.
Japanese Type
139
141.
Chinese Sabre-Knife
139
142.
Old Persian Sword
139
143.
Scymitar
139
144.
Old Turkish
141
145.
Chinese
141
146.
Old Turkish Scymitar
141
147.
The Dáo
141
148.
Sailor’s Cutlass
141
149.
Hindu Kitár
141
150.
Gold Coast
141
151.
Bronze Dagger; Sword
145
152.
Single-stick in Egypt
154
153.
Egyptian Soldier and Shield
154
154.
Egyptian Soldiers
154
155.
Egyptian Soldier
154
156.
Egyptians Fighting, from Paintings of Thebes; Egyptian Soldiers, from Theban Bas-Reliefs
154
157.
Bronze Hatchets in Wooden Handles, Bound with Thongs
154
158.
Pole-axes
154
159.
Kheten or War-axes
154
160.
Different Forms of the Egyptian Khopsh (Kopis), with Edges Inside and Outside
156
161.
Egyptian Sling; Unknown Weapon; Sheathed Dagger; Hatchet; Scorpion, or Whip-Goad
157
162.
Egyptian Daggers
157
163.
Egyptian Dagger of Bronze in British Museum
157
164.
Officer of Life-Guard to Rameses II., apparently Asiatic
157
165.
Bronze Sword, found at Al-Kantarah, Egypt
157
166.
Axe; Spear-Head; Khopsh; Lance-Head
158
167.
Belt and Dagger
158
168.
Egyptian Daggers
158
169.
Assyrian Daggers, Sheaths, and Belts
159
170.
Short Sword from Caucasus
160
171.
Egyptian Chopper-Swords
160
172.
Egyptian Khopsh
160
173.
Bronze Daggers and Sheath
161
174.
Shapes of Egyptian Blades
161
175.
Sword-Daggers
161
176.
Abyssinian Sword, a Large Sickle
164
177.
Smaller Abyssinian Blade
164
178.
Abyssinian Sword in Sheath
164
179.
Flissa of Kabyles
164
180.
Dankali Sword
165
181.
Congo Sword
165
182.
Unyoro Dagger-Sword
166
183.
Zanzibar Swords
166
184.
Gold Coast Swords
168
185.
Ashanti Sword-Knife
168
186.
Swords of King Gelele of Dahomy
168
187.
Beheading Sword
168
188.
Wasa (Wassaw) Sword
168
189.
King Blay’s Sword
168
190.
Captain Cameron’s Manyuema Swordlet, Sheath, and Belt
169
191.
Pokwé of the Cazembe’s Chiefs
170
192.
Gaboon Swords, both evidently Egyptian
170
193.
Cleaver of the Habshi People
170
194.
Frankish Blade, with Mid-Groove out of Centre
170
195.
Cyprian Dagger
173
196.
Novacula
190
197.
Novacula?
190
198.
Novacula, Sickle? Razor?
190
199.
Silver Dagger
190
200.
Copper Sword from the ‘Treasury of Priam’
192
201.
Marzabotto Blade
195
202.
Assyrian Sword
199
203.
Assyrian Lance, with Counter-weight
203
204.
Assyrian Spear-Head
203
205.
Assyrian ‘Razor’
203
206.
Babylonian Bronze Dagger; Assyrian Swords; Assyrian Bronze-Sword
204
207.
Dagger-Sword in Sheath
204
208.
Dagger-Sword
204
209.
Club-Sword
204
210.
Fancy Sword
204
211.
Assyrian Swords
205
212.
Assyrian Swords
205
213.
Assyrian Dagger
205
214.
Assyrio-Babylonian Archer
206
215.
Assyrian Foot Soldier
206
216.
Assyrian Soldier Hunting Game
206
217.
Foot Soldier of the Army of Sennacherib (b.c. 712–707)
206
218.
Assyrian Warrior, with Sword and Staff
206
219.
Assyrian Warriors at a Lion Hunt
206
220.
Assyrian Eunuch
206
221.
Bronze Sword, bearing the Name of Vul-nirari I., found near Diarbekr
208
222.
Persian Archer
209
223.
Persian Warrior
209
224.
The Persian Cidaris, or Tiara
209
225.
Persian Acinaces
211
226.
Persian Acinaces
211
227.
Sword from Mithras Group
211
228.
Sword in Relief, Persepolis Sculptures
211
229.
Persian Acinaces
211
230.
Dagger-forms from Persepolis
211
231.
Acinaces of Persepolis
212
232.
Acinaces of Mithras Group
212
233.
Hindú Warriors
215
234.
Javanese Blade, showing Indian derivation; Hindú Sabre
215
235.
Battle-Scene from a Cave in Cuttack, First Century a.d.
216
236.
The First Highlander
217
237.
Arjuna’s Sword
217
238.
Javanese Sculptures with Bent Swords
218
239.
Pesháwar Sculptures
218
240.
Two-edged Bronze Sword and Alabaster Knob, Mycenæ
223
241.
Gold Shoulder-Belt, with Fragment of Two-Edged Bronze Rapier
228
242.
Blade from Mycenæ
229
243.
A Long Gold Plate
229
244.
Weapons from Mycenæ
229
245.
Sword Blades from Mycenæ
229
246.
Sword Blades from Mycenæ
230
247.
Bronze Lancehead (?)
230
248.
Two-Edged Bronze Sword and Dagger
230
249.
Two-Edged Bronze Swords and Alabaster Knob
231
250.
Rapier Blades of Mycenæ
232
251.
Warrior with Sword
232
252.
Bronze Sword found in the Palace, Mycenæ
233
253.
Bronze Dagger: Two Blades Soldered
233
254.
Phásganon
235
255.
Greek Phásgana
235
256.
Short Sword (Phásganon) of Bronze, found in Crannog at Peschiara, and probably Greek
235
257.
Two-Edged Bronze Sword and Alabaster Pommel
236
258.
Kopis with Pommel
236
259.
Kopis with Hook
236
260.
Kukkri Blade of Ghurkas
236
261.
The Danísko
237
262.
Greek Xiphos
238
263.
Gallo-Greek Sword
238
264.
Gallo-Greek Sword
238
265.
Mayence Blade
238
266.
Gallo-Greek Blade and Sheath
238
267.
Bronze Parazonium
239
268.
‘Hoplites’ (Heavy Armed)
240
269.
Greek Combatants with Sword and Lance
240
270.
Roman Soldier
246
271.
Helmets of Hastarii (from Trajan’s Column); Helmets of Hastarii; Bronze Helmet (from Cannæ)
246
272.
Hastatus (from Trajan’s Column)
247
273.
Centurion’s Cuirass, with Phaleræ or Decorations
248
274.
Roman Sword; Gladius
255
275.
Bronze Two-Edged Early Roman Ensis
255
276.
Sword of Roman Auxiliary
255
277.
Roman Sword
255
278.
Sword and Vagina (Sheath)
256
279.
Sword and Vagina (Sheath)
256
280.
The Pugio
256
281.
Two-Edged Roman Stilettos
257
282.
Sword of Tiberius
258
283.
German or Slav Sword
263
284.
Scramasax from Hallstadt
263
285.
Danish Scramasax
263
286.
Blade and Handle of Bronze with Part of Eagle
265
287.
Gallic Sword of Bronze
266
288.
Sword found at Augsburg
270
289.
Bronze
271
290.
The Spatha of Schleswig
272
291.
Short Keltic Sword
272
292.
Danish Sword
274
293.
British Sword, Bronze
278