The books of the Apocrypha

Indexes

GENERAL INDEX

(Pages printed in thick type indicate passages in which the subject in question is dealt with in detail.)

• Aaron, 149, 150
• Abinu Malkenu, 391
• Abtinas, house of, 194
• Abubus, 437
• Achikar, 195
• — the Wise, story of, 349 ff.
• Achior, 373
• Adam, 523
• — and Eve, Life of, 218, 223
• Adaptation of belief, 20
• Additions to Daniel, 385-397
• — to Esther, 398-403
• — —, Authorship of, 403
• — —, Date of, 403
• Aesculapius, 396
• Agrippa II, 521
• Ahasuerus, 399
• Akiba, Rabbi, 143, 192, 194
• Alcimus, 430 f.
• Alexander Balas, 419, 432
• — Jannæus, 393
• — the Great, 12 ff., 16, 17, 30, 33, 52, 69
• — —, conquests of, 12 f., 29, 424
• — —, division of his empire, 424
• — Zabinas, 436
• Alexandria, 17, 50, 458, 512
• —, centre of Jewish Dispersion, 17
• —, the Jews in, 53 f.
• Allegorical interpretation of Scripture, 57
• Allegorization of ancient myths, 22
• Allegorizing of Greek myths, 57
• Allegory, 230 f.
• — in Proverbs, 72
• Almsgiving, 361
• —, means of atonement, 272 f.
• Altars to unknown gods, 23
• Am-haarez, 93
• Amidah, 500 ff.
• Amyrtæus, 51
• Angelology in Apocalyptic Literature, 110
• —, Jewish, 38, 39
• — of the Essenes, 43 f.
• Angels, 102
• —, doctrine of, in Additions to Daniel, 301 ff.
• —, —, Ecclesiasticus, 300 ff., 340
• —, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 303 ff.
• —, —, Esther, 302
• —, —, Ep. of Jeremiah, 302
• —, —, 2 Maccabees, 302 f.
• —, —, Prayer of Manasses, 302
• —, —, Tobit, 301
• —, Sadducæan doctrine of, 147 f.
• Anima Mundi, 86
• Antiochus Epiphanes, 34, 35, 77, 134, 156, 423, 427, 481 f., 488, 493
• — —, death of, 482
• — —, his attempt to stamp out Judaism, 425 f.
• — Eupator, 428, 432
• — Sidetes, 437, 491
• — the Great, 430
• — VI, 420
• — VII, 420
• Antonines, The, 13
• Apamæa, 437
• Apocalypse of Moses, The, 218
• Apocalyptic Movement, 40, 90-95, 160
• — —, beginnings of the, 90 ff.
• — books, authorship of, 199 ff.
• — —, Hebrew and Aramaic originals lost, 200
• — Jewish, 90 f.
• — Literature, 91, 198-223
• — —, doctrinal teaching of, 101-110
• Apocalyptic Literature, place claimed for in orthodox Judaism, 530
• — — rejected by Pharisees, 199
• — — teaching on Individualism, 102 f.
• — — — Particularism, 103 f.
• — — — Universalism, 103 f.
• — —, Supernatural colouring of, 97 f.
• Apocalyptists, The, 95-112, 161, 205 f., 530
• —, —, asceticism of, 101
• —, —, claims of, 99
• —, —, concerned with the future, 97
• —, —, denunciations of, 97
• —, —, determinism of, 98 f.
• —, —, effects of teaching, 96 f.
• —, —, inconsistency of teaching, 95 f.
• —, —, loyalty to the Law, 99 f.
• —, —, other-worldliness of, 99
• —, —, prophets of the people, 96
• —, —, religious conceptions regarding humanity, 105
• —, —, their message, 96
• —, —, universalistic attitude of, 101
• —, —, upholders of the people’s faith, 97
• Apocrypha books, dates of, 320
• Apocrypha, Doctrinal teaching of the, 251-315
• —, meaning of, 183
• —, traces of Greek influence in, 77-87
• Apocryphal and canonical books, 161 ff.
• —, use of term, 187
• —, — by Origen, 189
• —, — Jerome, 191
• Apokryphos, meaning of, 185 ff.
• Apollonius, 425, 427, 434
• Apollophanes, 486
• Apostolical Constitutions, 407, 410
• Apsu, 231
• Arabia, 435
• Aramaic papyri, 50 ff., 194 f., 349
• — Targums, 193
• —, the language of Egyptian Jews, 60
• Areios, 418
• Aristeas, letter of, 443
• Aristotle, 15, 16, 17
• Armour of God, The, 474 f.
• Artaxerxes, 51, 400, 441 f., 448
• Artaxerxes III (Ochus), 50
• Ascalon, 30
• Ascension of Isaiah, The, 219-220
• Asceticism, 344
• — of the Essenes, 43
• Asmodæus, 358
• Assidæans (see Chassidim), 125
• Assimilation, faculty of, among the Jews, 58
• Associations, religious, 23
• Assouan (Syene), 58
• Assumption of Moses, The, 218
• Atheism, 73
• Athens, 14
• Athenians, 14
• Atonement, death a means of, 342
• Attalus II, king of Pergamum, 432
• Attic Greek, 14
• — ideals, 14
• — sea-power, 14
• Attitude towards religious beliefs, 21
• Augustus, 53, 520
• Aurelian, 512
• Aureolus, 512
• Authorship, function of, in ancient times, 200
• Avesta, 133
• Azariah, Prayer of, 386 ff.
• —, —, when composed, 388 f.
• —, —, liturgical character of, 389 f.
• Azotus, 30
• Babylonia, 38
• Babylonian influence, 227, 231 f.
• Bacchides, 430 f.
• Badness of the Body, doctrine of, 84 f.
• — —, Platonic doctrine of, 85
• Balas, Alexander, 419, 432
• Baptism of the Essenes, 45
• Baruch, book of, 495-506
• —, —, A Sage’s Words of Encouragement in, 303 f.
• —, —, account of, 495 ff.
• —, —, Book of Confessions in, 497 ff.
• —, —, component parts of, 497 ff.
• —, —, contains liturgical material, 502 f.
• —, —, contents of, 495 ff.
• —, Greek Apocalypse of, 223
• —, Syriac Apocalypse of, 222
• Bel and the Dragon, 386, 394 ff.
• Beliefs, intermingling of, 22
• Ben-Sira, 116, 123, 124, 195
• —, attitude towards Gentiles, 337 f.
• —, autobiographical details, 326 f.
• —, his claim to be an inspired writer, 325 f.
• —, his house of instruction, 325, 328
• —, his views on the sacrificial system, 339
• —, his knowledge of the O.T., 324
• —, his list of famous men, 165 ff.
• Benedictions, 502 f.
• Bĕni Zadok, 134, 154
• Berakah, 500
• Berenice, 521
• Bethsura, 429
• Bible, Hebrew, contents of, 162 ff.
• —, the Greek (see Septuagint), 161
• “Biblical” Greek, 15
• Biography a science in the Hellenistic period for the first time, 19
• Blindness, 367
• Book of Jubilees, The, 216-218
• — of secret words of Moses, 218
• Books, ancient Jewish, 194
• —, heretical, 198
• —, reading of in ancient times, 195
• —, the seventy, 529
• —, the twenty-four, 529
• Brotherhood of man, 18
• Burial of the dead, 358
• Cæsarea, 30
• Calendar, Jewish, Pharisaic and Sadducæan attitude towards, 150 ff.
• Caligula, 460, 464, 520
• Cambyses, 448
• Canon, Hebrew, 162 ff.
• —, Hebrew, formation of, 169-174
• —, idea of a, 161-169
• —, final fixing of, 173, 174-176
• —, meaning of the word, 162
• — of Old Testament, origin of, 160 ff.
• —, unknown to Ben-Sira, 167
• —, — Ben-Sira’s grandson, 168 f.
• Canonical and apocryphal books, 161 ff.
• Canonicity, Josephus’ theory of, 171 f.
• —, Rabbinical theory of, 172
• Cardinal virtues, the four, 87, 458
• Cendebæus, 437
• Chæreas, 486
• Chæronea, battle of, 14
• Chakamim, 115, 116, 127, 233
• Chanukkah, 428
• Chassid, 42
• Chassidim, 92, 93, 125 f., 203, 205, 257, 365, 427
• —, creators of apocalyptic literature, 93
• —, the spiritual ancestors of Pharisees and Apocalyptists, 93 ff.
• Chijja, Rabbi, 194
• Chislev, 490
• Chlamys, 33
• Chokmah, 233
• Civitis, 521
• Claudius, 520
• Cleopatra, 434
• Cœle-Syria, 29
• Colonies, Greek-speaking, 15
• Common meal of the Essenes, 45
• Confession of sins, 500
• Connection between gānaz and apokryphos, 188 f.
• Cosmology, Babylonian, 231
• Cosmopolitanism, 18
• Crete, 434
• Critical faculty of the Greeks, 20
• Crocodile’s liver, 367
• Cup of inspiration, The, 529
• Cynic philosophers, 18
• Cyrus, 440
• Daniel, 302
• —, Additions to, 385-397
• Darius, 12, 51, 441
• — II, 51
• Darius’ bodyguard, story of the three young men of, 451 ff.
• Dead, prayers for the, 489 f.
• Death, means of atonement, 272, 342
• Dedication, feast of, 428
• —, 487, 490, 491 f.
• Defile the hands, meaning of, 175 f., 177 ff.
• Deified princes, 462 f.
• Deities, national, 22
• Demetrius I, 419, 429 f.
• — II, 419, 433 ff.
• — Nicator, 434
• Demonology in Apocalyptic Literature, 110
• — in Ecclesiasticus, 304
• — in Tobit, 304 f.
• —, Jewish, 38
• Didascalia, 407, 410
• Dispersion, The, 17, 49-54
• —, Eastern, 50
• Divine Immanence, doctrine of, 57
• — revelation accorded to Ezra, 530
• Doctrine of God in Baruch, 258
• — — 2 (4) Esdras, 258
• — — 1 Maccabees, 257 f.
• — — Wisdom, 259 f.
• Doctrines, inter-relation of, 39
• Dôk, 438
• Domitian, 520
• Dor, 437
• Dositheus, 486
• Dualism of the Essenes, 43
• Ea, 231
• Eagle Vision, The, 513 f., 517 ff.
• Eastern Dispersion, 50
• Ecclesiastes, 456 f.
• —, canonicity disputed, 170
• —, traces of Greek philosophy in, 74 ff.
• Ecclesiasticus, an apologetic book, 327
• — and the Ep. of St. James, 347 f.
• —, author of, 322
• —, A.V. and R.V. of, 331 ff.
• —, compared with Tobit, 364 f.
• —, date of, 327 f.
• —, Hebrew manuscripts of, 329 f.
• —, original language of, 329 f.
• —, Pharisaic recension of, 333, 340 ff.
• —, placed on “Index Expurgatorius,” 340
• —, present form not intended to be final, 322 f.
• —, Prologue to, 168 f., 459
• —, Sadducæan standpoint in, 333 ff.
• —, title of, 321 f.
• —, traces of Greek influence in, 77 ff.
• —, unity of authorship, 322
• —, universalism in, 338
• —, value of, for N.T. study, 345 ff.
• Egypt, 12, 28
• —, Jewish settlements in, 51
• Ekron, 434
• El, 394
• Eleazar, 59
• Election, 531
• Elect One, The, 246
• Elephantiné, 349, 353
• Elephantiné papyri, 50 ff., 194 f.
• Elijah, 289 f.
• End, signs of the, 524
• Enoch, the book of, 201-208
• —, —, authorship, 203 f.
• —, —, component parts of, 202
• —, —, dates of component parts, 202 f.
• —, —, original language of, 207
• —, —, teaching, 207 f.
• —, Book of the Secrets of, 220-222
• Epheboi, 33
• Ephraim, 435
• Epicuræanism, 79, 135, 456, 460
• Epicuræan teaching, 21 f.
• — — on immortality, 75
• — — in Ecclesiastes, 74 f.
• Epicuræans not irreligious, 21
• Epicuros, 21, 75
• Epidaurus, 396
• Epilepsy, 367
• Epistle of Jeremiah, 506-508
• Eschatological signs, 524
• Eschatology, Jewish, 38
• Esdras, 1 (3), see Greek Ezra
• Essene baptism, 45
• — communities, 45
• —, meaning of, 42
• — monotheism, 45
• — teaching on the Resurrection, 44
• Essenes, The, 41-46
• — and the Law of Moses, 45
• —, asceticism of, 43
• —, dualism of, 43
• —, their angelology, 43 f.
• —, their purifications, 45
• —, their Sabbath observance, 45
• Essenism a blending of the Mosaic and Hellenic spirit, 45
• — a mystery-religion, 45
• —, influence of Hellenism on, 42
• —, un-Jewish in many respects, 42 ff.
• Esther, 399
• —, canonicity disputed, 170
• Eternal seed-plant, The, 102
• Ethical teaching of the Hellenistical period, 18 f.
• Euergetes I, 328
• — II, Physcon, 328, 422
• Euhemerism, 458
• Ezekiel, 31
• Ezra, 28, 71, 92, 116, 118, 442, 450, 453, 529
• —, divine revelation accorded to, 530
• —, not mentioned in Ecclesiasticus, 340
• —, opposition to, 121 f.
• Ezra Apocalypse, The, 509-531
• — —, an Ezra Legend in, 513 f., 528 ff.
• — —, contains reminiscences of Pauline thought, 530
• — —, chaps. i. ii., 510 f.
• — —, chaps. xv. xvi., 511 f.
• — —, chaps. iii.-xiv., 512 ff.
• — —, recognized by Church Fathers, 530
• — —, Vision, first, 522 ff.
• — —, — second, 524
• — —, — third, 524 ff.
• — —, — fourth, 526 f.
• — —, title, 509 f.
• Fables in ancient Jewish Literature, 230
• Faith, traditional form of, 20
• Fall, The, 474, 531
• Fasting, 272, 361
• Fatalism, 79
• Fatalistic theory of the Stoics, 21
• First Cause, Platonic teaching on, 458
• Formless matter, creation of the world out of, 85
• — —, Platonic and Stoic teaching concerning, 85 f.
• Free-will, 336, 342, 412
• Future life, 342, 362
• — —, conception of, 499
• — —, developed belief in, 24
• — —, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 107 ff.
• — —, — in Baruch, 293
• — —, — in Ecclesiasticus, 288 ff., 291 ff.
• — —, — in 2 (4) Esdras, 293 ff.
• — —, — in Judith, 290 f.
• — —, — in 2 Maccabees, 292
• — —, — Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 146 f.
• — —, — in Tobit, 290
• — —, — in Wisdom, 298 ff.
• Galba, 520
• Gallienus, 512
• Gamaliel I, 145
• — II, 173
• Gānaz, meaning of, 183 ff.
• Gaza, 30
• Gazara, 438, 482
• Gehenna, 289
• Genealogies, The roll of, 194
• Genizah, 188 f.
• God, conception of, by the Jews of the Dispersion, 57
• —, —, in Wisdom, 465 f.
• —, doctrine of, 39, 412
• —, —, in Apocrypha, 254-260
• —, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 144 ff.
• —, Philo’s doctrine of, 63
• Gorgias, 428, 486
• Goths, 512
• Governance of the world, divine, 341
• Grace and Free-will, doctrine of, in Ecclesiasticus, 278
• — —, 2 (4) Esdras, 280 f.
• — —, 1 Maccabees, 279
• — —, 2 Maccabees, 280
• — —, Tobit, 278 f.
• —, divine, 336
• Græco-Macedonian empire referred to in Daniel, 69
• Grammateia, 40
• Granicus, 12
• Grateful dead man, story of the, 356 f.
• Greek cities, 15
• — culture, superiority of, 35
• — fashions, 34
• — festivals, fascination of, 32
• — forms of thought, 15
• — ideals, 15
• — influence in Apocrypha, traces of, 77 ff.
• — — in O.T., traces of, 68 ff.
• — — on Jewish eschatology, 38
• — — on Judaism, 252 f.
• — —, signs of, in O.T. and Apocrypha, 40
• — language, 14
• — mind, tendencies of, 33
• — model of local government, 30, 31
• — philosophy, influence of, 28
• — settlements in Palestine, 30
• — words in Daniel, 70
• — words hebraized, 35 f.
• Greek Ezra, The, 439-454
• — —, and 2 Esdras 444 ff.
• — —, chronological table of event in, 446 ff.
• — —, The, contents, 440 ff.
• — —, date of, 454
• — —, historicity of, 446 ff.
• — —, its relationship to the Hebrew Ezra, 442 ff.
• — —, Massoretic text of, 449 f.
• — —, purpose of, 450 f.
• — —, title of, 439 f.
• Greeks and “barbarians,” 17 f.
• —, references to, in O.T., 68-70
• —, critical faculty of, 20
• —, their ideal of wisdom, 19
• —, their realism, 19
• —, their sense of proportion, 18, 20
• Guilds, religious, 23
• Gymnasium, 32 f., 40
• Habakkuk, 395
• Hades, 289, 292, 523
• Hadrian, 13, 521
• Haggadic homiletics, 201
• — literature, 380
• Halakah, 201
• Haman, 399
• Ha-Gilyônim, 198
• Hasmonæan high-priesthood, 423 f., 433
• Hasmonæans, The, 411
• Hebrew Bible, contents of, 162 ff.
• — Canon, The, 162 ff.
• — —, formation of, 169-174
• Hecatæus of Abdera, 41
• Heliodorus, 302, 481 f., 489
• Hellas, 14
• Hellenic and Hellenistic, difference between, 12
• — spirit, 13
• — thought in book of Wisdom, 458
• Hellenism, debased type in Syria, 40
• —, good and bad effects of, 41
• —, reaction against, 41
• — in its religious aspect, 20-24
• —, result of spread of, 28
• — in its secular aspect, 12-20
• Hellenistic Greek, 14 f.
• Hellenistic influence, direct and indirect, 37 f.
• — — on Palestinian Jews, 36
• — — on religion, 54 ff.
• — — reflected in Job, 73 f.
• — — — Proverbs, 71 ff.
• — — — the Psalms, 71
• — — upon the Jews of the Dispersion, 49-67
• — — upon the Jews of Palestine, 27-48
• — Movement, The, 11-26, 160 f.
• — —, effect of, 24
• — — a period of dissolution, 16
• — party, 426
• — period not one of irreligion, 21
• — philosophy, development of into theology, 21
• — Movement, roots of, 13
• — spirit, 92 ff.
• Hellenization of cities, 18
• Hellenized cities, 22
• Heraclides, 430
• Heraclitus, 86
• Hermes, 34
• High-priestly party, 33 f.
• Hillel, 132
• —, school of, 170
• Holofernes, 373, 375 f.
• Hypostatization of Wisdom, 73, 226
• Hyrcanus, John, 153, 422, 438
• Hyrcania, transportation of Jews to, 50
• Idolatry, 469, 472 f.
• —, polemic against, 507
• Idol-worship, 458, 507
• Illumination, Feast of, 492
• Illyrians, 14
• Immanence, divine, doctrine of, 57
• Immortality, 337
• —, doctrine of in Wisdom, 83 ff.
• —, Plato’s doctrine of, 84
• — of the spirit, 107
• — — soul, 39
• Individual piety, 23
• Individualism, 18, 31 f.
• — in Proverbs, 71 f.
• Individualistic tendency in Job, 73
• Inspiration, the cup of, 529
• Intermediate beings between God and man, 235 f.
• — state, 110, 295, 300
• Inter-relation of doctrines, 39
• Ionians, 68
• Ipsus, battle of, its indirect importance for the Jews, 29
• Isaiah, book of, 105
• Islam, 37
• Issus, battle of, 12
• Jabneh, Council of, 173 f.
• Jamnia (Jabneh), 434
• Jason, 34 f.
• — the Cyrenian, 479, 484, 488
• — —, his history, 480
• Javan, 68, 69
• Jedoniah, Jewish governor in Syene, 51
• Jehoahaz, 51
• Jeremiah, 51, 303
• —, Epistle of, 506-508
• Jerome, 75
• Jerusalem, 529
• —, earthly and heavenly, 526 f.
• Jewish alliance with Rome, 420 f.
• — angelology, 38, 39
• — Apocalyptic, 90
• — books, ancient, 194
• — Church, The, 105
• — demonology, 38
• — eschatology, 38
• — Liturgy, 390, 391, 500, 502
• — mercenaries, 51
• — propaganda, 396 f.
• Jews in Syene, 51 ff.
• — of the Dispersion, their religious outlook, 55 f.
• Job, individualistic tendency in, 73
• —, book of, 73, 459
• Jobel, 216
• Jochanan ben Zakkai, 173
• Jochanan, the son of Kareah, 51
• John Hyrcanus, 414, 438
• Jonah, book of, 105, 123
• Jonathan, 416, 418
• —, leadership of, 431
• Jose, Rabbi, 170
• Josephus on the Essenes, 42, 43, 44, 45
• — — Jews of Alexandria, 54
• — — Pharisees and Sadducees, 135 ff.
• Josiah, 440
• Jubilees, book of, 151
• Judaism, 55
• — affected by extraneous influences, 252
• — as a religion affected by Hellenism, 36 f.
• — of Alexandria, 477
• —, orthodox, 487
• —, traditional, in the Dispersion, 55
• Judas the Maccabee, 411
• — —, leadership of, 427 ff.
• Judgement, The, 38, 295 ff., 525
• —, day of, 103
• Judith, author of, 378 f.
• —, book of, 372-384
• —, contents of, 372 f.
• —, character of, 372 f.
• —, Hebrew form of, 380
• —, in how far historical, 377 f.
• —, story, variety of form, 379 f.
• Julian, 13
• Julius Cæsar, 520
• Justice, reform in administration of, 393 f.
• Justification, 531
• Kabbalah, 163
• Khons, tractate of, 357, 367
• Knowledge, increase of, 16
• —, departments of, 16
• Koheleth (see Ecclesiastes)
• Ladder of Tyre, 435
• Landmarks, Jewish historical, 366
• Lasthenes, 419
• Law, The, 165, 450, 503, 504, 525
• — identified with Wisdom, 241, 244
• —, Jews the people of the, 28
• — of Moses venerated by the Essenes, 45
• —, the oral, 338 f.
• —, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 139 ff., 152 f.
• —, Pharisaic teaching on in Ecclesiasticus, 343 f.
• —, Rabbinical teaching on, the, 262, 265
• —, doctrine of, in Baruch, 264 f.
• —, doctrine of, in Ecclesiasticus, 260 ff.
• —, —, 1 (3) Esdras, 264
• —, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 265 f.
• —, —, Judith, 263 f.
• —, —, 2 Maccabees, 264
• —, —, Tobit, 262 f.
• —, —, Wisdom, 266 f.
• Legalistic Movement, The, 160
• Letter of Aristeas, 59
• — of Purim, 403
• Leucoma, 367
• Levitical Impurity, 175, 177-182
• Lights, Feast of, 492
• Little Genesis, 216
• Liturgy, Jewish, 390, 391, 500, 502
• Local government of Jewish cities, 31
• Logos, 464
• —, Philonian, 63 f., 464
• Lucius, 422
• — Calpurnius Piso, 423
• — Quietus, 522
• — Valerius, 422
• Lydda, 435
• Lysias, 428 f., 482
• Maccabæan feasts, the two, 488
• — revolt, 35
• — rising, 76
• — struggle, the, 161, 403, 482
• — —, causes of, 424 f.
• — —, history of, 423 ff.
• Maccabees, first book of, 411-438
• —, —, authorship, 411 ff.
• —, —, date, 413 f.
• —, —, historicity, 415
• —, —, literary character, 414 f.
• —, —, original language, 414 f.
• —, —, sources, 415 ff.
• —, —, title, 411 ff.
• —, second book of, 479-494
• —, —, date, 493
• —, —, compared with 1 Maccabees, 482 ff.
• —, —, contents of, 481 ff.
• —, —, historical value of, 485 ff.
• —, —, influence of on N.T. writers, 493 f.
• —, —, integrity of, 490 ff.
• —, —, origin of, 479 ff.
• —, —, original language, 493
• —, —, purpose of, 487 ff.
• Macedonian empire, 14
• Mæonius, 512
• Makrīzī, 133
• Man rising from the Sea, Vision of, 513 f., 515 ff.
• Manasses, Prayer of, 404-410
• Manes, 133
• Marisa, 486
• Marriage avoided by the Essenes, 43
• Martyrdom of Isaiah, The, 219
• Māshāl, 227 f.
• Masūdi, 133
• Materialism, 469, 471 f.
• Mattathias, his zeal for the Law, 426
• —, leadership of, 424 ff.
• Matter, Platonic idea of, 85
• Mediterranean, 28
• Megiddo, battle of, 440
• Megillath Semanim, 194
• Megillath Sethārim, 194
• Megillath Taanith, 194, 380
• Megillôth, 163 f.
• Memphis, 51
• Memra, 237
• Merits of the fathers, 273 f.
• — — —, doctrine of, 499
• Merodach, 396
• Messiah, 298, 516
• Messiah, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 105 ff.
• —, —, Baruch, 283
• —, —, Ecclesiasticus, 281 f.
• —, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 283 ff.
• —, —, 1 Maccabees, 282 f.
• —, —, 2 Maccabees, 283
• —, —, Tobit, 282
• —, —, Wisdom, 285 ff.
• —, Pharisaic and Sadducæan doctrine of, 148 ff.
• —, pre-existence of, 106
• Messianic Age, 298
• — expectations, 226
• — future, 38
• — Kingdom, teaching of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 109
• — Woes, 297
• Metabolism of the elements, 86 f.
• Michael, 39
• Michmash, 431
• Middle Ages, 17
• Migdol, 51
• Millennium, 221
• Minim, 192 f.
• Mishna, 35
• Missionary propaganda among the Jews of the Dispersion, 56 f.
• Mixed marriages among Israelites, 120
• Modin, 413
• Monotheism, 23
• — of the Essenes, 45
• Mordecai, 398 ff.
• Moses, Apocalypse of, 222-223
• —, the second = Ezra, 530
• Mucianus, 520
• Mystery-religion, Essenism a, 45
• Myths allegorized, 22
• National deities, 22
• Nebuchadnezzar, 50
• Nehemiah, 92, 450
• Neo-Pythagoreans, 42
• Neo-Pythagorean philosophy, 13
• Nĕphĕsh, 81, 83
• Nero, 520
• Nĕshāmāh, 82, 83
• New Age, The, 524
• Nicanor, 428, 430 f., 482
• —, celebration of death of, feast, 487
• Noph, 51
• Numenius, 421 f.
• Nymphidius, 520
• Odenathus, 512
• Olam ha-bâ, 97
• Olam ha-zeh, 97
• Onias, 303, 418
• — III, 34
• Oral Law, The, 338 f.
• — tradition, 93, 530
• Oriental influence on Judaism, 38
• — elements absorbed by Hellenism, 40
• — influences on the Jews, 41
• Orphic Pythagoræan asceticism, 42
• Ostraka, 15
• Otho, 520
• “Outside” books, 198
• Ozias, 374 f.
• Paganism renovated, 13
• Palæstra, 34
• Palestine, Eastern, 30
• —, political life of, 31
• Palmyra, 512
• Papyri, 15, 50 ff., 194 f., 349
• Paradise, 523
• Parseeism, 38
• Parthians, 436
• Particularism, 103 f., 122, 160
• Pathros, 51
• Paul, St., influenced by Wisdom, 474 ff.
• Pentateuch, translation of, into Greek, 59
• Pentecost, Feast of, 487
• People of the land, The, 206
• Perdiccas, 424
• Persecution, 469, 473 f.
• Persian influence on Essene belief, 44
• — — on Judaism, 252 f.
• — kings, list of, 446
• Personal religion, 256
• — responsibility, sense of, 32
• Personalities of striking character during the Hellenistic period, 19
• Personification of Wisdom, 235
• Pessimism in 2 (4) Esdras, 525 f.
• Petasus, 34
• Pharisaic recension of Ecclesiasticus, 256 f.
• — and Sadducæan parties, 91 ff.
• Pharisaism, 456
• Pharisee, meaning of term, 130 ff.
• Pharisees, 130-159, 203 f., 393, 412, 453 f.
• — reject Apocalyptic Literature, 199
• — and the Canon, 174 f.
• — different from Scribes, 127
• —, party of religious progress, 154
• — and Sadducees, doctrines of, 139 ff.
• —, sources of information concerning, 135 ff.
• Pharaoh Necho, II, 51
• Pharos, island of, 59
• Plato, 17, 73, 458
• Platonic philosophy, 13
• Philip, the friend of Antiochus Epiphanes, 429
• Philip of Macedon, 14
• Philo, 61-65, 458, 463 f., 493
• —, his account of the Essenes, 42
• —, his doctrines due to Greek influence, 65
• —, his doctrine of God, 63
• — —, the Logos, 63 f.
• — —, Sin, 64 f.
• — on the Jews of Alexandria, 54
• —, philosophy of, 63 ff.
• Philometor, 328
• Philosophical teaching of the Hellenistic period, 18
• Philosophy, 16
• Piety of individuals, 23
• Pious ones, 93, 257
• — — in the Psalms, 71-74
• Piso, 520
• Politics, 23
• Polybius on the Hellenes, 20
• — and the importance of the individual, 19
• Pompey, 413
• Posidonius, 41
• Praise, 500
• Prayer, 361
• — of Manasses, 404-410
• — —, date of, 409 f.
• — —, origin of, 405 ff.
• — —, original language of, 410
• — —, writer of, 410
• Prayers for the dead, 489
• Pre-existence of the soul, Platonic doctrine of, 82
• — —, doctrine of, in Wisdom, 80 ff.
• Pre-existing matter, doctrine of, 458
• Prologue to Ecclesiasticus, 124 f., 459
• Proverbs, allegory in, 72
• —, individualism in, 71 f.
• —, marks of Hellenistic influence in, 71 ff.
• —, universalism in, 72
• Proverbs in ancient Jewish Literature, 228 f.
• Providence, doctrine of, 458
• Psalms of Greek and Maccabæan eras, 70 f.
• —, Greek influence in some, 70, 71
• — of Solomon, 214-216, 505 f.
• Psametik I, 51
• Pseudepigrapha, The, 189, 191, 200-223
• Psychē, 81
• Ptolemaic armies, Jewish soldiers in, 29
• Ptolemais, 30, 432, 434
• Ptolemy, house of, 28 f.
• Ptolemy I, 462
• Ptolemy II, (Philadelphus), 59
• Ptolemy VI, (Philometor), 59, 434
• Ptolemy, Antiochus Epiphanes’ general, 428
• Pur, 400
• Purifications of the Essenes, 45
• Purim, Feast of, 487
• Pythagoræans, 135
• Rabbinical literature, 39
• — sources on Pharisees and Sadducees, 137 ff.
• Races, intermingling of, 22
• Ram’s horn, 216
• Ramathaim, 435
• Raphael, 301, 359, 360, 363
• Raphia, 30
• Realism of the Greeks, 19
• Reform in administration of justice, 393 f.
• Relationship between God and men, 341 f.
• Religious associations, 23
• — liberty secured by the Maccabees, 431
• — syncretism, 22 f.
• — —, results of, 23
• Renaissance, 17
• Repentance, 342 f., 476
• Resurrection, 292, 296, 298, 300, 337
• —, advanced teaching on, in 2 Maccabees, 489 f.
• — of the body, 39, 107
• —, doctrine of, 39 f.
• —, Essene teaching on, 44
• — of the soul, 38
• — of the spirit, 110
• Retribution, doctrine of, in Apocalyptic Literature, 108
• Rome, embassy to, 416
• Roman alliance with the Jews, 420 f.
• — empire, 13
• Ruach, 82
• Sabbath, 412, 487
• — observance of the Essenes, 45
• Sacrificial system, 226, 339
• — —, importance of, minimized, 58
• Sadducæan and Pharisaic parties, 91 ff.
• — literary activity, 156 ff.
• Sadducæanism, 456, 500, 501 f.
• Sadducee, meaning of term, 132 ff.
• Sadducees, 130-159, 203 f., 334, 393, 412, 453 f.
• — and politics, 153 f.
• —, friends of Hellenistic culture, 154
• — and Pharisees, doctrines of, 139 ff.
• —, sources of information concerning, 135 ff.
• Samaria, 49, 50
• —, Macedonian settlers in, 30
• Samaritans, The, 120, 441
• Sanhedrin, 145
• Salathiel Apocalypse, The, 513 f.
• Sapor I, 512
• Sargon, 49
• —, inscription of, 50
• Sassanidæ, 512
• Scepticism, 20, 469 f.
• Sciences, differentiation of, 17
• Scribe in Ecclesiasticus, 123 f.
• Scribe, the ideal in Ecclesiasticus, 324
• Scribes, The, 113-119, 161
• — as lawyers, 126 f.
• — different from Pharisees, 127
• — in existence before the Exile, 114 f.
• —, O.T. data concerning, 113 ff.
• — and Scripture, 126
• —, two types of, 115, 116, 124
• Scythians, 512
• Secrets of Enoch, Book of the, 220-222
• Seleucid era, 491
• Seleucidæ, 153
• Seleucus, 34
• —, his treatment of the Jews, 29
• Seleucus IV (Philopator), 430
• Selichah, 500
• Semi-divine beings, 39
• Sense of proportion a Hellenic trait, 18, 20
• Separateness, 131
• Sepharim hachizônim, 192, 198
• Septuagint, The, 11, 15, 58-61
• —, far-reaching influence of the, 61
• Seven heavens, doctrine of, 221 f.
• Seventh heaven, 83
• Shammai, school of, 170
• Shema, 503
• Shemoneh Esreh, 391
• Sheol, 40, 290 ff.
• Sheol-conception, 109
• Sibylline Oracles, The, 208-210
• Sifre hamînîm, 192
• Simeon, the high-priest, 328
• —, Rabbi, 170
• Simon ben Shetach, 393
• — the son Onias, 167
• — the Maccabee, 413, 414, 418, 421
• —, leadership of, 436 ff.
• —, murder of, 438
• Sin, 523, 531
• —, atonement for, 271 f.
• —, doctrine of, in Baruch, 274
• —, —, Ecclesiasticus, 267 ff.
• —, —, 1 (3) Esdras, 274
• —, —, 2 (4) Esdras, 274 ff.
• —, —, 2 Maccabees, 274
• —, —, Prayer of Azariah, 273
• —, —, Prayer of Manasses, 273 f.
• —, —, Tobit, 273
• —, —, Wisdom, 276 f.
• —, Philo’s doctrine of, 64 f.
• Sisinnes, 441
• Sôfēr, 113, 114
• Soferim, 340
• Solomon, 227, 456
• —, Psalms of, 505 f.
• Sōma, 81
• Song of Songs, canonicity disputed, 170
• Song of the Three Children, 386, 390 ff.
• Sophia, 226
• Sophists, 13
• Spartans, 416 ff.
• Spiritual body, 107
• State processions, 33
• Stoic enumeration of the human senses, 79
• — philosophers, 18
• — philosophy in Wisdom, 86 f.
• Stoics, 19, 21, 135, 458
• —, fatalistic philosophy of, 79
• —, teaching of in Ecclesiastes, 74
• Strabo on the Jews, 53
• Superhuman beings, 39
• Susanna, Story of, 386, 391 ff.
• Syene, Jewish military colony in, 51
• Syncretism, 22 f., 37, 38
• — and the Jews of the Dispersion, 57
• Syria, 12
• Syrian slaves, 69
• — throne, claimants to, 431 f.
• Tabernacles, Feast of, 487, 491
• Taboo, 178 ff.
• Tahpanes, 51
• Targums, 193
• Tarphon, Rabbi, 192
• Tehom Rabbah, 232
• Teman, 497
• Temple, The, 487
• — Liturgy, 503
• — not entered by the Essenes, 44
• —, offerings sent to, by the Essenes, 44
• —, profanation of, 482
• Tendencies in pre-Maccabæan era, 91 f.
• Testament of Moses, 218
• Testament of the XII Patriarchs, The, 210-214
• Tenak, 162
• Thebes, 14
• Theodosius, 13
• Thracians, 14
• Tiamat, 396
• Tiberius, 520
• —, edict of, regarding the Jews, 53 f.
• —, Alexander, 520
• Timotheus, 486
• Tishri, 491
• Titles of books, false, the reason, 200 f.
• Titus, 520
• Tobit, book of, 349-371
• —, compared with Ecclesiasticus, 364 f.
• —, contents of, 357 ff.
• —, doctrinal development in, 363 ff.
• —, date of the book of, 365 f.
• —, for whom written, 366
• —, integrity of, 366
• —, original language of, 367 f.
• —, place of origin of, 366
• —, relationship to story of Achikar the Wise, 353 ff.
• —, religious standpoint of the writer of, 360 ff.
• —, value of for N.T. study, 368 ff.
• Tolerance, 22
• Torah identified with Wisdom, 78 f.
• Trajan, 522
• Transcendence, divine, 39
• Truth, 452
• Tryphon, 435 f.
• Tubieni Jews, 486
• Tyche, 23
• Tyre, Ladder of, 435
• Uncanonical books, 183-223
• — —, reading of, 192 ff.
• Universalism, 122, 161
• — in Ecclesiasticus, 338
• — in Proverbs, 72
• — in Tobit, 362
• Unknown gods, 23
• Uriel, 523
• Vespasian, 520
• Vindex, 520
• Vision of the Man rising from the Sea, 513 f., 515 ff.
• — of Isaiah, The, 219
• Visions in 2 (4) Esdras, their teaching, 527 f.
• — —, eschatological teaching in, 528
• Visitation of the sick, 347
• Vitellius, 520
• Widdui, 500
• Wisdom, 72, 496 f., 504
• — abiding among men, 242 f., 246
• — in the book of Job, 238
• — in the book of Proverbs, 236
• — and the Creation, 237 f.
• —, conception of in Job, 74
• —, divine origin of, 243
• — of Ea, 231
• — in Ecclesiastes, 238 ff.
• — in Ecclesiasticus, 240 ff.
• — existent before the Creation, 241, 244
• —, fountain of, 496
• —, Hebrew conception of, 226 ff.
• —, hypostatization of, 226
• —, —, in Proverbs, 73
• —, ideal of, among Greeks, 19
• — identified with the Holy Spirit, 244
• — — Law, 241, 244
• — — Torah, 78 f.
• — — the Word, 244
• — as intermediary, 259
• — of Israel, superiority of, 338
• —, Jewish conception of, 233 ff.
• —, Jewish superior to Greek, 243
• — Literature, The, 224-250
• —, nature of, 245
• —, personification of, 235, 242, 246
• —, takes the place of angels in book of Wisdom, 304
• —, teaching on, in Apocalyptic books, 245 ff.
• Wisdom, authorship of, 455 ff.
• —, —, composite, 464 ff.
• —, book of, 455-478
• —, —, date, 459 ff.
• —, —, Greek philosophy in, 458
• —, —, influence of, on St. Paul, 474 ff.
• —, —, personality of author, 457 f.
• —, —, purposes of, 469 ff.
• —, —, title, 455 f.
• —, —, traces of Greek influence in, 80 ff.
• —, —, written in opposition,
• —, —, to Ecclesiastes, 456 f.
• Word, The, 237
• Worm, 289
• Xenophon, 14
• Xerxes, 51
• Yeshibah, 195
• Yetzer, 336
• Yetzer-ha-ra’, 275, 276
• Zabinas, Alexander, 436
• Zaddūkim, 132 f., 204
• Zadok, 134, 135, 148, 149, 150, 340
• —, the son of Ahitub, 113
• —, sons of, 33
• Zadokite Fragments, The, 135, 140, 145, 147, 149, 151, 152
• Zealotism, 218
• Zend, 133
• Zeno, 19, 21
• Zenobia, 512
• Zerubbabel, 120, 441, 452 f.
• Zindīk, 133
• Zoroaster, 186
• Zoroastrianism, 133, 252