The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Capitals of Spanish America
Title: The Capitals of Spanish America
Author: William Eleroy Curtis
Release date: October 24, 2015 [eBook #50298]
Most recently updated: October 22, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Josep Cols Canals, Chuck Greif and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
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|
Contents. Some typographical errors have been corrected; a list follows the text. List of Illustrations (etext transcriber's note) |
THE CAPITALS
OF
SPANISH AMERICA
BY
WILLIAM ELEROY CURTIS
LATE COMMISSIONER FROM THE UNITED STATES TO THE GOVERNMENTS OF
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
ILLUSTRATED
NEW YORK
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE
Copyright, 1888, by Harper & Brothers.
All rights reserved.
TO
THE MEMORY OF
CHESTER ALAN ARTHUR
TWENTY-FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
THIS BOOK IS
Dedicated
HIS KINDNESS MADE ITS PUBLICATION POSSIBLE; AND HIS
AFFECTIONATE
INTEREST ADDED PLEASURE TO ITS PREPARATION
Mr. Arthur’s Acceptance of the Dedication.
New York, April 7, 1887.
William E. Curtis, Esquire, Washington:
Dear Sir,—In compliance with your request, I enclose an unsigned draft of a letter dictated by Mr. Arthur last November. It was submitted to him a few days before he died, and as he desired to make no further changes in the text, I was to have a clean copy made for his signature; but he was fatally stricken before that was done.
Very respectfully yours,
James C. Reed.
November 13, 1886.
My dear Curtis,—The graceful terms in which you propose to dedicate your book to me add still another obligation that I may not be able to repay.
I appointed you Secretary of the South American Commission without your solicitation, because I knew your ability, energy, and industry would be felt as they have been in the effort to bring our Spanish-American neighbors into closer commercial and political relations with us.
I had given much consideration to the subject, and realized what is made so clear in the Reports of the South American Commission, that the future commercial prosperity of the United States required something to be done to extend our trade with the continent southward. The Commission, of which you were Secretary and subsequently became a member, was intended as an initiatory step in that direction.
In my judgment, it is not only the duty of the United States to encourage and assist our merchants and manufacturers in the expansion of their foreign trade, by seeking new markets and furnishing facilities for reaching them, but there is a higher achievement in promoting the welfare of our sister republics through the consistent exercise of every friendly office tending to secure their peaceable development and national prosperity.
I am sure your “The Capitals of Spanish America” will furnish our own people with trustworthy and late news about our neighbors to the southward, and that your graphic pen will make the book as interesting as it is instructive. I shall await its publication with very deep interest.
If my strength permits, it will give me great pleasure to act upon your suggestion,[A] but just now I am hardly equal to the demands of my private correspondence. With cordial regard,
I am faithfully yours,
—————
To William E. Curtis,
Washington, D. C.
[A] To write an Introduction to this volume.
CONTENTS.
| PAGE | |
| MEXICO. | |
| The Capital of Mexico | 1 |
| GUATEMALA CITY. | |
| The Capital of Guatemala | 60 |
| COMAYAGUA. | |
| The Capital of Honduras | 114 |
| MANAGUA. | |
| The Capital of Nicaragua | 138 |
| SAN SALVADOR. | |
| The Capital of San Salvador | 171 |
| SAN JOSÉ. | |
| The Capital of Costa Rica | 196 |
| BOGOTA. | |
| The Capital of Colombia | 225 |
| CARACAS. | |
| The Capital of Venezuela | 257 |
| QUITO. | |
| The Capital of Ecuador | 298 |
| LIMA. | |
| The Capital of Peru | 355 |
| LA PAZ DE AYACUCHO. | |
| The Capital of Bolivia | 416 |
| SANTIAGO. | |
| The Capital of Chili | 454 |
| PATAGONIA | 516 |
| BUENOS AYRES. | |
| The Capital of the Argentine Republic | 542 |
| MONTEVIDEO. | |
| The Capital of Uruguay | 591 |
| ASUNCION. | |
| The Capital of Paraguay | 623 |
| RIO DE JANEIRO. | |
| The Capital of Brazil | 660 |
| INDEX: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y. | 707 |
ILLUSTRATIONS.
| Map of South America | Frontispiece. |
| PAGE | |
| It was used in the Days of Moses | 2 |
| A Water-carrier | 3 |
| Ruins of the Covered Way to the Inquisition | 4 |
| Mexican Muleteer | 5 |
| Shops | 6 |
| Castle of Chapultepec | 7 |
| Tile Front | 9 |
| The Tree of Montezuma | 10 |
| Prince Yturbide | 11 |
| General Grant on a Banana Plantation | 15 |
| Church of Guadalupe | 19 |
| Iztaccihuatl | 20 |
| Ex-President Gonzales | 22 |
| President Porfirio Diaz | 23 |
| The Dome | 25 |
| San Cosme Aqueduct, City of Mexico | 27 |
| The Palace of Mexico | 29 |
| The Cathedral, City of Mexico | 33 |
| Styles of Architecture | 35 |
| A Mexican Caballero | 38 |
| Noche Triste Tree | 41 |
| The Picadors | 45 |
| Teasing the Bull | 45 |
| The Encore | 46 |
| Mexican Beggar | 48 |
| On Market-day | 51 |
| Sunday at Santa Anita | 53 |
| A Mexican Belle | 54 |
| Cactus, and Woman kneading Tortillas | 55 |
| First Protestant Church in Mexico | 57 |
| The first Christian Pulpit in America—Tlaxcala | 58 |
| Font in old Church of San Francisco | 59 |
| View of Guatemala City | 61 |
| Ruins of the old Palace at Antigua Guatemala | 65 |
| Alvarado’s Tree | 69 |
| Ancient Arches | 70 |
| The Old and the New | 71 |
| How the Old Town looks now | 73 |
| Fragment of a Ruined Monastery | 74 |
| José Rufino Barrios | 75 |
| Francisco Morazan | 77 |
| Church of San Francesca, Guatemala la Antigua | 79 |
| One of fifty-seven Ruined Monasteries | 81 |
| Façade of an old Church | 83 |
| A Remnant | 85 |
| Fort of San José, Guatemala | 87 |
| Yniensi Gate, Guatemala | 89 |
| A Volcanic Lake | 91 |
| On the Road to the Capital | 93 |
| Tiled House-tops | 99 |
| Market-place, Guatemala | 101 |
| In the Rainy Season | 102 |
| Maguey Plant | 103 |
| A Native Sandal | 107 |
| Ornamental, but noisy | 109 |
| A Conspicuous Landmark | 115 |
| The Trail to the Capital | 116 |
| A Glimpse of the Interior | 117 |
| View of the Capital | 118 |
| A Popular Thoroughfare | 119 |
| Church of Merced and Independence Monument, Comayagua | 120 |
| Rubber Hunters | 121 |
| The Pita Plant | 122 |
| Harvesting one of the Staples | 123 |
| The Floating Population | 124 |
| Branch of the Rubber-tree | 125 |
| A Modern Town | 126 |
| Up the River | 127 |
| A Mining Settlement | 128 |
| View in Nicaragua | 129 |
| An Interior Plain | 130 |
| One of the Back Streets | 132 |
| Plaza of Tegucigalpa | 133 |
| Making Tortillas | 134 |
| Indigo Works | 135 |
| The Tlachiguero | 136 |
| View of Lake from Beach at Managua | 139 |
| Corinto | 140 |
| Hide-covered Cart | 141 |
| An Interior Town | 143 |
| The Indigo Plant | 144 |
| The King of the Mosquitoes | 145 |
| A Mahogany Swamp | 148 |
| Internal Commerce | 149 |
| How the Peons live | 150 |
| A Familiar Scene | 152 |
| A Country Chapel | 153 |
| The United States Consulate | 154 |
| Cathedral of St. Peter, Leon | 155 |
| The Pacific Coast of Nicaragua | 158 |
| Antics on the Bridge | 159 |
| In the Upper Zone | 161 |
| Volcanoes of Axusco and Momotombo, from the Cathedral | 162 |
| Volcano of Cosequina, from the Sea | 163 |
| La Union and Volcano of Conchagna | 164 |
| The Fate of Filibusters | 165 |
| A Farming Settlement | 167 |
| The Quesal | 168 |
| Landing at La Libertad | 173 |
| En Route to the Interior | 175 |
| The Peak of San Salvador | 177 |
| The Plaza | 179 |
| Spanish-American Courtship | 180 |
| A Hacienda | 182 |
| Interior of a San Salvador House | 183 |
| A Typical Town | 185 |
| What alarms the Citizens | 186 |
| Yzalco from a Distance | 189 |
| Yzalco | 191 |
| In the Interior | 193 |
| Hauling Sugar-cane | 194 |
| Crater of a Volcano | 197 |
| Rubber-trees | 199 |
| The Road from Port Limon to San José | 201 |
| A Peon | 203 |
| A Banana Plantation | 206 |
| Picking Coffee | 209 |
| The Marimba | 215 |
| Coffee-drying | 217 |
| Don Bernardo de Soto, President of Costa Rica | 222 |
| Barranquilla | 226 |
| Carthagena | 227 |
| Entrance to the Old Fortress, Carthagena | 230 |
| Colombian Military Men | 233 |
| On the Magdalena | 235 |
| Colombian ’Gators | 237 |
| Vegetable Ivory Plant | 239 |
| En Route to Bogota | 241 |
| Sabana of Bogota | 243 |
| Santa Fé de Bogota | 245 |
| Monument in the Plaza of Los Martirs | 246 |
| Plaza, and Statue of Bolivar | 247 |
| Going to the Market | 249 |
| A Caballero | 250 |
| An Orchid | 251 |
| Over the Mountains in a “Silla” | 253 |
| Natural Bridge of Pandi, Colombia | 255 |
| Don Rafael Nuñez, President | 256 |
| Waiting for the New York Steamer | 259 |
| In the Suburbs of La Guayra | 261 |
| Still more Suburban | 263 |
| On a Coffee Plantation | 267 |
| On a Back Street | 269 |
| Interior Court of a Caracas House | 273 |
| Spanish Missionary Work | 276 |
| Woman’s chief Occupation | 277 |
| A Bodega | 279 |
| A Glass of Aguardiente | 281 |
| A Venezuela Belle | 283 |
| The Lower Floor of the House | 285 |
| An Old Patio | 289 |
| Chocolate in the Rough | 293 |
| Separating the Cocoa-beans | 294 |
| Puerto Cabello | 296 |
| Along the Coast | 299 |
| The River at Guayaquil | 301 |
| The River above Guayaquil | 303 |
| An average Dwelling | 304 |
| Guayaquil | 305 |
| A Person of Influence | 306 |
| A Family Circle | 307 |
| Cathedral at Guayaquil, built of Bamboo | 308 |
| A Commercial Thoroughfare | 309 |
| The President’s Palace | 310 |
| The Outskirts of Guayaquil | 311 |
| A Business of Importance | 312 |
| A Pineapple Farm | 313 |
| A Water Merchant | 314 |
| A Freight Train on the Way | 315 |
| A Passenger Train | 316 |
| The Common Carrier | 317 |
| Hotel on the Route to Quito | 318 |
| Waiting for the Mules to Feed | 319 |
| En Route to the Sea | 320 |
| Somewhere near the Summit | 321 |
| The Altar | 323 |
| A Street in Quito | 324 |
| Where Pizarro first Landed | 325 |
| Equipped for the Andes | 327 |
| The Old Inca Trail | 329 |
| A Typical Country Mansion | 331 |
| A Wayside Shrine | 332 |
| Charcoal Peddler | 333 |
| Government Building at Quito | 335 |
| Court of a Quito Dwelling | 336 |
| What the Earthquakes left | 338 |
| A Professional Beggar | 339 |
| An Ecuador Belle | 340 |
| A Hotel on the Coast | 343 |
| Customs Officers | 346 |
| A Home on the Coast | 347 |
| Peruvian Soldier and Rabona | 349 |
| Looking Seaward | 352 |
| A Boatman on the Coast | 354 |
| Lima and its Environs | 356 |
| A Peruvian Interior | 358 |
| Grand Plaza, Lima | 363 |
| A Peruvian Chamber | 366 |
| Interior of a Lima Dwelling | 368 |
| A Peruvian Palace | 369 |
| A Peruvian Belle | 370 |
| Watching the Procession | 371 |
| The Daughter of the Incas | 373 |
| Ruins of the War | 375 |
| Interior of the ordinary Sort of House | 378 |
| A very Common Spectacle | 379 |
| A Peruvian Milk-peddler | 381 |
| Mindless of Care | 383 |
| View of Cuzco and the Nevado of Asungata from the Brow of the Sacsahuaman | 389 |
| Between Battles, Balls | 393 |
| A Warrior at Rest | 397 |
| Gate-way to the Andes | 399 |
| Henry Meiggs | 402 |
| The Heart of the Andes | 404 |
| An Inca Reminiscence | 405 |
| Cowhide Bridge over the Rimac | 407 |
| Inca Ruins of Unknown Age | 408 |
| A Settlement of this Century | 409 |
| A City of Four Centuries Ago | 410 |
| A Bit of Inca Architecture | 411 |
| Relic of a Past Civilization | 412 |
| Ruins of the Temple of the Sun | 413 |
| An Old Settler | 414 |
| Fresh from the Tomb | 414 |
| Where Peru’s Wealth came from | 417 |
| A Peruvian Port | 419 |
| The Old Trail | 420 |
| Arequipa | 421 |
| The Vicuña | 424 |
| Lake Titicaca | 425 |
| A Street in Cuzco | 428 |
| Ruins of an Inca Temple | 429 |
| Convent of Santa Domingo, Cuzco | 430 |
| What the Spaniards left | 431 |
| Where the Guano Lies | 432 |
| A Nitrate Mining Town | 433 |
| Guano Islands | 435 |
| Across the Continent | 437 |
| A Station on the Road | 438 |
| Chasquis at Rest | 440 |
| Chasquis Asleep in the Mountains | 441 |
| A Bit of La Paz | 442 |
| The Cathedral at La Paz | 443 |
| An Ancient Bridge in La Paz | 445 |
| A Bolivian Elevator | 446 |
| A Bolivian Cavalryman | 447 |
| A Home in the Andes | 448 |
| Juan Fernandez | 450 |
| Cumberland Bay | 451 |
| Tablet to Alexander Selkirk | 453 |
| The Harbor of Valparaiso | 455 |
| Victoria Street, Valparaiso | 459 |
| Santa Lucia | 467 |
| The Zama-cuaca | 469 |
| Exposition Building, Santiago | 471 |
| Statue of Bernard O’Higgins, Santiago | 474 |
| Patrick Lynch | 475 |
| Peons of Chili | 477 |
| The “Esmeralda” | 481 |
| Inca Queen and Princess | 485 |
| Señora Cousino | 491 |
| A Belle of Chili dressed for Morning Mass | 497 |
| A Solid Silver Spur | 505 |
| Over the Andes | 506 |
| Mount Aconcagua | 507 |
| Uspallata Pass | 509 |
| Caught in the Snow | 511 |
| Road Cut in the Rocks | 512 |
| A Station in the Mountains | 513 |
| The Condor | 515 |
| Cape Froward (Patagonia), Strait of Magellan | 517 |
| Fuegians Visiting a Man-of-war | 519 |
| A Fuegian Feast | 521 |
| The Signs of Civilization | 523 |
| Port Famine | 526 |
| Starvation Beach | 529 |
| Use of Lasso and Bolas | 531 |
| In their Ostrich Robes | 532 |
| A Patagonian Belle | 533 |
| The Guanaco | 539 |
| Patagonian Indians | 541 |
| The Harbor, Buenos Ayres | 542 |
| The City of Buenos Ayres | 545 |
| Loading Cargo at Buenos Ayres | 548 |
| Going Ashore at Buenos Ayres | 549 |
| A Private Residence in Buenos Ayres | 552 |
| The Colon Theatre, Buenos Ayres | 554 |
| An Argentine Ranchman | 564 |
| The Cathedral of Buenos Ayres | 567 |
| The Gaucho | 570 |
| General Rosas | 573 |
| Palace of Don Manuel Rosas | 575 |
| Map of the Argentine Republic | 580 |
| Country Scene in the Argentine Republic | 584 |
| Juarez Celman, President of the Argentine Republic | 587 |
| The City of Montevideo, looking towards the Harbor | 591 |
| Harbor of Montevideo | 593 |
| Maximo Santos, of Uruguay | 595 |
| One of the Old Streets | 597 |
| Montevideo—the Ocean Side | 603 |
| Scene in Montevideo | 608 |
| Gaspar Francia, First President of Paraguay | 624 |
| Street in Asuncion | 625 |
| Lopez, the Tyrant | 626 |
| After the War | 627 |
| Asuncion, from the West | 628 |
| Asuncion—the Palace and Cathedral | 629 |
| Wreck of the Old Cathedral | 631 |
| Station on the Asuncion Railway | 633 |
| A Visit to the Spring | 634 |
| The Paraguayans at Home | 635 |
| Paraguay Flower-girl | 636 |
| Remains of the Palace of Lopez | 637 |
| Interior of the Lopez Palace | 639 |
| The Cathedral, Asuncion | 640 |
| Market-place at Asuncion | 641 |
| A Paraguay Horseman | 642 |
| Paraguay Belles | 643 |
| Costumes of the Interior | 644 |
| An Interior Town | 645 |
| Home, Sweet Home | 646 |
| The Mandioca | 647 |
| Ox-cart on the Pampas | 649 |
| Curing Yerba Mate | 650 |
| A Siesta | 651 |
| A Paraguay Hotel | 653 |
| Native Pappoose and Cradle | 654 |
| A Hacienda | 655 |
| People of “El Gran Chaco” | 656 |
| An Armadillo | 657 |
| A Ranch on El Gran Chaco | 658 |
| Bay of Rio de Janeiro | 661 |
| A Street in Rio | 662 |
| The City of Rio from the Bay | 663 |
| Aqueduct at Rio | 665 |
| The Avenue of Royal Palms—Rio | 666 |
| The Prettiest Things in Brazil | 667 |
| A Brazilian Hacienda | 669 |
| The Old City Palace | 671 |
| In the Suburbs | 672 |
| Cottages in the Interior | 673 |
| The Iguana | 675 |
| A Brazilian Laundry | 676 |
| A Country School | 677 |
| Brazilian Country-house | 679 |
| Up the River | 681 |
| Dom Pedro II. | 682 |
| On the Way to Petropolis | 683 |
| The Empress of Brazil | 685 |
| Dom Pedro’s Palace at Petropolis | 687 |
| The Colored Saint | 691 |
| Statue of Dom Pedro I. | 693 |
| Carrying Coffee to the Steamer | 696 |
| Market-place in Country Town | 697 |
| “Sereno-o-o-o-o-o! Sereno-o-o-o-o-o!” | 699 |
| Slave Quarters in the Country | 702 |
| The Political Issue in Brazil | 703 |
| Military Men | 705 |