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The Capitals of Spanish America

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A series of illustrated travel essays that portray major capitals in Spanish America, combining architectural description, civic institutions, everyday customs, and political and economic observations. The author contrasts modern innovations—railways, telephones, schools, and public works—with enduring traditional practices and religious influence, noting social habits, municipal layouts, and local industries. Essays discuss efforts at modernization, public education, immigration incentives, and tensions between conservative religious forces and liberal reform, while offering vivid street-level details and historical ruins. The book is organized as city-by-city chapters with maps and illustrations to orient the reader and to compare urban life across the region.

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Title: The Capitals of Spanish America

Author: William Eleroy Curtis

Release date: October 24, 2015 [eBook #50298]
Most recently updated: October 22, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Josep Cols Canals, Chuck Greif and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CAPITALS OF SPANISH AMERICA ***

Contents.
Index: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y.

Some typographical errors have been corrected; a list follows the text.

List of Illustrations
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(etext transcriber's note)

 

 

 

THE CAPITALS

OF

SPANISH AMERICA

 
 
BY
WILLIAM ELEROY CURTIS
LATE COMMISSIONER FROM THE UNITED STATES TO THE GOVERNMENTS OF
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA



ILLUSTRATED


NEW YORK
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE 

Copyright, 1888, by Harper & Brothers.

All rights reserved.
 

TO

THE MEMORY OF

CHESTER ALAN ARTHUR

TWENTY-FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

THIS BOOK IS

Dedicated

HIS KINDNESS MADE ITS PUBLICATION POSSIBLE; AND HIS
AFFECTIONATE INTEREST ADDED PLEASURE TO ITS PREPARATION

 

 

Mr. Arthur’s Acceptance of the Dedication.


New York, April 7, 1887.

William E. Curtis, Esquire, Washington:

Dear Sir,—In compliance with your request, I enclose an unsigned draft of a letter dictated by Mr. Arthur last November. It was submitted to him a few days before he died, and as he desired to make no further changes in the text, I was to have a clean copy made for his signature; but he was fatally stricken before that was done.

Very respectfully yours,
James C. Reed.


November 13, 1886.

My dear Curtis,—The graceful terms in which you propose to dedicate your book to me add still another obligation that I may not be able to repay.

I appointed you Secretary of the South American Commission without your solicitation, because I knew your ability, energy, and industry would be felt as they have been in the effort to bring our Spanish-American neighbors into closer commercial and political relations with us.

I had given much consideration to the subject, and realized what is made so clear in the Reports of the South American Commission, that the future commercial prosperity of the United States required something to be done to extend our trade with the continent southward. The Commission, of which you were Secretary and subsequently became a member, was intended as an initiatory step in that direction.

In my judgment, it is not only the duty of the United States to encourage and assist our merchants and manufacturers in the expansion of their foreign trade, by seeking new markets and furnishing facilities for reaching them, but there is a higher achievement in promoting the welfare of our sister republics through the consistent exercise of every friendly office tending to secure their peaceable development and national prosperity.

I am sure your “The Capitals of Spanish America” will furnish our own people with trustworthy and late news about our neighbors to the southward, and that your graphic pen will make the book as interesting as it is instructive. I shall await its publication with very deep interest.

If my strength permits, it will give me great pleasure to act upon your suggestion,[A] but just now I am hardly equal to the demands of my private correspondence. With cordial regard,

I am faithfully yours,
—————

To William E. Curtis,
Washington, D. C.

[A] To write an Introduction to this volume.

CONTENTS.

 PAGE
MEXICO.
The Capital of Mexico1
GUATEMALA CITY.
The Capital of Guatemala60
COMAYAGUA.
The Capital of Honduras114
MANAGUA.
The Capital of Nicaragua138
SAN SALVADOR.
The Capital of San Salvador171
SAN JOSÉ.
The Capital of Costa Rica196
BOGOTA.
The Capital of Colombia225
CARACAS.
The Capital of Venezuela257
QUITO.
The Capital of Ecuador298
LIMA.
The Capital of Peru355
LA PAZ DE AYACUCHO.
The Capital of Bolivia416
SANTIAGO.
The Capital of Chili454
PATAGONIA516
BUENOS AYRES.
The Capital of the Argentine Republic542
MONTEVIDEO.
The Capital of Uruguay591
ASUNCION.
The Capital of Paraguay623
RIO DE JANEIRO.
The Capital of Brazil660
INDEX: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y.707

 

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Map of South AmericaFrontispiece.
 PAGE
It was used in the Days of Moses2
A Water-carrier3
Ruins of the Covered Way to the Inquisition4
Mexican Muleteer5
Shops6
Castle of Chapultepec7
Tile Front9
The Tree of Montezuma10
Prince Yturbide11
General Grant on a Banana Plantation15
Church of Guadalupe19
Iztaccihuatl20
Ex-President Gonzales22
President Porfirio Diaz23
The Dome25
San Cosme Aqueduct, City of Mexico27
The Palace of Mexico29
The Cathedral, City of Mexico33
Styles of Architecture35
A Mexican Caballero38
Noche Triste Tree41
The Picadors45
Teasing the Bull45
The Encore46
Mexican Beggar48
On Market-day51
Sunday at Santa Anita53
A Mexican Belle54
Cactus, and Woman kneading Tortillas55
First Protestant Church in Mexico57
The first Christian Pulpit in America—Tlaxcala58
Font in old Church of San Francisco59
View of Guatemala City61
Ruins of the old Palace at Antigua Guatemala65
Alvarado’s Tree69
Ancient Arches70
The Old and the New71
How the Old Town looks now73
Fragment of a Ruined Monastery74
José Rufino Barrios75
Francisco Morazan77
Church of San Francesca, Guatemala la Antigua79
One of fifty-seven Ruined Monasteries81
Façade of an old Church83
A Remnant85
Fort of San José, Guatemala87
Yniensi Gate, Guatemala89
A Volcanic Lake91
On the Road to the Capital93
Tiled House-tops99
Market-place, Guatemala101
In the Rainy Season102
Maguey Plant103
A Native Sandal107
Ornamental, but noisy109
A Conspicuous Landmark115
The Trail to the Capital116
A Glimpse of the Interior117
View of the Capital118
A Popular Thoroughfare119
Church of Merced and Independence Monument, Comayagua120
Rubber Hunters121
The Pita Plant122
Harvesting one of the Staples123
The Floating Population124
Branch of the Rubber-tree125
A Modern Town126
Up the River127
A Mining Settlement128
View in Nicaragua129
An Interior Plain130
One of the Back Streets132
Plaza of Tegucigalpa133
Making Tortillas134
Indigo Works135
The Tlachiguero136
View of Lake from Beach at Managua139
Corinto140
Hide-covered Cart141
An Interior Town143
The Indigo Plant144
The King of the Mosquitoes145
A Mahogany Swamp148
Internal Commerce149
How the Peons live150
A Familiar Scene152
A Country Chapel153
The United States Consulate154
Cathedral of St. Peter, Leon155
The Pacific Coast of Nicaragua158
Antics on the Bridge159
In the Upper Zone161
Volcanoes of Axusco and Momotombo, from the Cathedral162
Volcano of Cosequina, from the Sea163
La Union and Volcano of Conchagna164
The Fate of Filibusters165
A Farming Settlement167
The Quesal168
Landing at La Libertad173
En Route to the Interior175
The Peak of San Salvador177
The Plaza179
Spanish-American Courtship180
A Hacienda182
Interior of a San Salvador House183
A Typical Town185
What alarms the Citizens186
Yzalco from a Distance189
Yzalco191
In the Interior193
Hauling Sugar-cane194
Crater of a Volcano197
Rubber-trees199
The Road from Port Limon to San José201
A Peon203
A Banana Plantation206
Picking Coffee209
The Marimba215
Coffee-drying217
Don Bernardo de Soto, President of Costa Rica222
Barranquilla226
Carthagena227
Entrance to the Old Fortress, Carthagena230
Colombian Military Men233
On the Magdalena235
Colombian ’Gators237
Vegetable Ivory Plant239
En Route to Bogota241
Sabana of Bogota243
Santa Fé de Bogota245
Monument in the Plaza of Los Martirs246
Plaza, and Statue of Bolivar247
Going to the Market249
A Caballero250
An Orchid251
Over the Mountains in a “Silla”253
Natural Bridge of Pandi, Colombia255
Don Rafael Nuñez, President256
Waiting for the New York Steamer259
In the Suburbs of La Guayra261
Still more Suburban263
On a Coffee Plantation267
On a Back Street269
Interior Court of a Caracas House273
Spanish Missionary Work276
Woman’s chief Occupation277
A Bodega279
A Glass of Aguardiente281
A Venezuela Belle283
The Lower Floor of the House285
An Old Patio289
Chocolate in the Rough293
Separating the Cocoa-beans294
Puerto Cabello296
Along the Coast299
The River at Guayaquil301
The River above Guayaquil303
An average Dwelling304
Guayaquil305
A Person of Influence306
A Family Circle307
Cathedral at Guayaquil, built of Bamboo308
A Commercial Thoroughfare309
The President’s Palace310
The Outskirts of Guayaquil311
A Business of Importance312
A Pineapple Farm313
A Water Merchant314
A Freight Train on the Way315
A Passenger Train316
The Common Carrier317
Hotel on the Route to Quito318
Waiting for the Mules to Feed319
En Route to the Sea320
Somewhere near the Summit321
The Altar323
A Street in Quito324
Where Pizarro first Landed325
Equipped for the Andes327
The Old Inca Trail329
A Typical Country Mansion331
A Wayside Shrine332
Charcoal Peddler333
Government Building at Quito335
Court of a Quito Dwelling336
What the Earthquakes left338
A Professional Beggar339
An Ecuador Belle340
A Hotel on the Coast343
Customs Officers346
A Home on the Coast347
Peruvian Soldier and Rabona349
Looking Seaward352
A Boatman on the Coast354
Lima and its Environs356
A Peruvian Interior358
Grand Plaza, Lima363
A Peruvian Chamber366
Interior of a Lima Dwelling368
A Peruvian Palace369
A Peruvian Belle370
Watching the Procession371
The Daughter of the Incas373
Ruins of the War375
Interior of the ordinary Sort of House378
A very Common Spectacle379
A Peruvian Milk-peddler381
Mindless of Care383
View of Cuzco and the Nevado
of Asungata from the Brow of the Sacsahuaman
389
Between Battles, Balls393
A Warrior at Rest397
Gate-way to the Andes399
Henry Meiggs402
The Heart of the Andes404
An Inca Reminiscence405
Cowhide Bridge over the Rimac407
Inca Ruins of Unknown Age408
A Settlement of this Century409
A City of Four Centuries Ago410
A Bit of Inca Architecture411
Relic of a Past Civilization412
Ruins of the Temple of the Sun413
An Old Settler414
Fresh from the Tomb414
Where Peru’s Wealth came from417
A Peruvian Port419
The Old Trail420
Arequipa421
The Vicuña424
Lake Titicaca425
A Street in Cuzco428
Ruins of an Inca Temple429
Convent of Santa Domingo, Cuzco430
What the Spaniards left431
Where the Guano Lies432
A Nitrate Mining Town433
Guano Islands435
Across the Continent437
A Station on the Road438
Chasquis at Rest440
Chasquis Asleep in the Mountains441
A Bit of La Paz442
The Cathedral at La Paz443
An Ancient Bridge in La Paz445
A Bolivian Elevator446
A Bolivian Cavalryman447
A Home in the Andes448
Juan Fernandez450
Cumberland Bay451
Tablet to Alexander Selkirk453
The Harbor of Valparaiso455
Victoria Street, Valparaiso459
Santa Lucia467
The Zama-cuaca469
Exposition Building, Santiago471
Statue of Bernard O’Higgins, Santiago474
Patrick Lynch475
Peons of Chili477
The “Esmeralda”481
Inca Queen and Princess485
Señora Cousino491
A Belle of Chili dressed for Morning Mass497
A Solid Silver Spur505
Over the Andes506
Mount Aconcagua507
Uspallata Pass509
Caught in the Snow511
Road Cut in the Rocks512
A Station in the Mountains513
The Condor515
Cape Froward (Patagonia), Strait of Magellan517
Fuegians Visiting a Man-of-war519
A Fuegian Feast521
The Signs of Civilization523
Port Famine526
Starvation Beach529
Use of Lasso and Bolas531
In their Ostrich Robes532
A Patagonian Belle533
The Guanaco539
Patagonian Indians541
The Harbor, Buenos Ayres542
The City of Buenos Ayres545
Loading Cargo at Buenos Ayres548
Going Ashore at Buenos Ayres549
A Private Residence in Buenos Ayres552
The Colon Theatre, Buenos Ayres554
An Argentine Ranchman564
The Cathedral of Buenos Ayres567
The Gaucho570
General Rosas573
Palace of Don Manuel Rosas575
Map of the Argentine Republic580
Country Scene in the Argentine Republic584
Juarez Celman, President of the Argentine Republic587
The City of Montevideo, looking towards the Harbor591
Harbor of Montevideo593
Maximo Santos, of Uruguay595
One of the Old Streets597
Montevideo—the Ocean Side603
Scene in Montevideo608
Gaspar Francia, First President of Paraguay624
Street in Asuncion625
Lopez, the Tyrant626
After the War627
Asuncion, from the West628
Asuncion—the Palace and Cathedral629
Wreck of the Old Cathedral631
Station on the Asuncion Railway633
A Visit to the Spring634
The Paraguayans at Home635
Paraguay Flower-girl636
Remains of the Palace of Lopez637
Interior of the Lopez Palace639
The Cathedral, Asuncion640
Market-place at Asuncion641
A Paraguay Horseman642
Paraguay Belles643
Costumes of the Interior644
An Interior Town645
Home, Sweet Home646
The Mandioca647
Ox-cart on the Pampas649
Curing Yerba Mate650
A Siesta651
A Paraguay Hotel653
Native Pappoose and Cradle654
A Hacienda655
People of “El Gran Chaco”656
An Armadillo657
A Ranch on El Gran Chaco658
Bay of Rio de Janeiro661
A Street in Rio662
The City of Rio from the Bay663
Aqueduct at Rio665
The Avenue of Royal Palms—Rio666
The Prettiest Things in Brazil667
A Brazilian Hacienda669
The Old City Palace671
In the Suburbs672
Cottages in the Interior673
The Iguana675
A Brazilian Laundry676
A Country School677
Brazilian Country-house679
Up the River681
Dom Pedro II.682
On the Way to Petropolis683
The Empress of Brazil685
Dom Pedro’s Palace at Petropolis687
The Colored Saint691
Statue of Dom Pedro I.693
Carrying Coffee to the Steamer696
Market-place in Country Town697
“Sereno-o-o-o-o-o! Sereno-o-o-o-o-o!”699
Slave Quarters in the Country702
The Political Issue in Brazil703
Military Men705