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The Churches and Modern Thought / An inquiry into the grounds of unbelief and an appeal for candour

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About This Book

The author examines the causes and scope of contemporary unbelief, surveying declining church attendance, scientific challenges, and shifts in public opinion; critiques the state of Christian apologetics—especially defenses of miracles, the resurrection, and incarnation—and argues that higher biblical criticism and comparative religion raise serious difficulties for traditional claims. The book analyzes parallels between Christian narratives and ancient myths, questions the reconciliation of scriptural creation accounts with evolutionary theory, and urges candid, rigorous discussion to address scepticism. It combines historical, theological, and scientific arguments to propose more effective apologetic responses and to call for honesty in evaluating faith and doubt.

INDEX

A

Abbott, Dr. E. A., on the Gospels, 86–8;
on pain, 238

Acts, The, criticisms regarding, 89

Adonis, 133

Æsculapius, 131–2

Agnostic Annual, The, cited, 340–3, 362, 366–7

Albigenses, 407

Alexander of Armagh, Archbishop, on war, 407

Allen, Grant, cited, 149–51, 390

Allin, Rev. T., “larger hope,” 36

America, 4;
the religions of ancient, 144–7;
northern tribes, 303–4

Apocryphal Gospels, 135, 138

Apollo, 127–9

Apollonius of Tyana, 132

Apologetics, 29–36, 41–70, 71–6, 90–113, 115–21, 128–9, 156–7, 158–61, 175–96, 208–18, 220–65, 273–314, 318–23, 349–51, 357, 367, 370–1, 381, 382–4, 386–9, 391–3, 395–8, 404, 407–8

Argentine, The, 4

Aristotle, 267;
on happiness, 325–6

Armitage, Professor E., cited, 220

Arnold, Sir Edwin, cited, 188, 232

Arnold, Matthew, cited, 286–7;
definition of religion, 376

Ascension, The, 65–8, 99

Asoka, King, edicts of, 274

Athanasian Creed, 35, 101, 369, 381

Auto-suggestion, 258, 336 note, 401

Avebury, Lord, cited, 303

B

Bab, The martyrdoms, 297;
mythical version, 380

Bacchus, 127, 130, 131, 133

Balfour, A. J., his philosophical works, 34

Barnardo, The late Dr., 402

Barnes, Dr. W. E., on the Athanasian Creed, 35

Barry, Dr. W., on Renan, 23 note

Bayley, Dr., in his work Verbal Inspiration, 101

Beal, S., in his work The Romantic History of Buddha, 138, 387, 389–90

Behring, Professor, cited, 202 note

Belgium, 4, 399

Benn, A. W., cited, 346, 383, 385

Besant, Sir Walter, cited, 278

Bethesda, Pool of, 47

Bible criticism, 71–114;
a summary of, 76–90

Birmingham, Bishop of, cited, 156.
(See also Gore, Dr.)

Birrell, the Right Hon. Augustine, on Patriotism and Christianity, 374, 408

Blatchford, Robert, his attack upon religion, 10, 26;
in God and My Neighbour, 182–3, 209–10

Bonwick, James, cited, 130

Booth, “General,” 402

Brath, Stanley de, cited, 337

Brinton, Dr. Daniel, cited, 133–4

Bruce, The late Rev. A. B., on Jesus, 84

Büchner, Ludwig, “Why Lead a Moral Life?” 342

Buckle, cited, 369

Buddha, remarkable parallels, 123–6;
“Christian accretions?” 136–140, 389–90;
birth, 387;
Buddhism, 277, 292, 313, 315, 344

Budge, Dr. Wallis, cited, 135, 295, 386

Bunsen, in his work The Angel Messiah, 139, 387

Butler, Bishop, in Analogy of Religion, 375

Butler, Slade, cited, 389

C

Caird, Mona, cited, 401

Calcutta, Late Bishop of, cited, 408

Callaway, Dr., cited, 134

Campbell, Rev. R. J., “New Theology,” 395

Canterbury, Archbishop of, on rational thought, Preface; cited, 263

Canterbury, Dean of, on the Old Testament, 101;
cited, 319.
(See also Wace, Dean.)

Carlisle, Bishop of, on the need for an examination of evidences, 16–7.
(See also Diggle, Bishop.)

Carlyle, his opinions regarding historical Christianity, 23

Carnegie, Andrew, on the Christian Church, 407

Cecil, Lord Hugh, on the decay of the Faith, 2

Chaffee, General, on the intelligent Chinaman, 309 note 2

Chaillu, Du, on eating the god, 151

Chet Ram, 397

Cheyne, Canon, on Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, 78;
on the prophets, 81–2;
on Messianic beliefs, 82;
his appeal to Churchmen and scholars, 90;
on Oriental influences, 162

China, 307–11, 399

Christian Commonwealth, The, cited, 53–4

Christian scientists, 258 note 1, 389, 400

Christianity, the power for good of, 273–85;
the danger attending the overthrow of, 286–90;
the spread of, 290–96, 397–98

Christmas, remarks on the date of, 390–1

Church-goers, percentage of, 14

Church Times, The, cited, 72–4, 75–6, 109, 118–21, 211–2, 213 note

Clairvaux, Bernard of, on the immaculate conception, 69

Clarion, The, cited, 10, 39

Clarke, Dr. Samuel, in Truth and Certainty of Christian Revelation, 379

Clémenceau, G., the champion of truth, 288

Clodd, Edward, cited, 180–1, 393;
“Why Lead a Moral Life?” 343;
his diagram of development, 394

Cobden, on the attitude of the clergy, 275

Colenso, Bishop, on the Pentateuch, 351

Comte, Auguste, 7, 269, 362

Conclusions, Final, 322–3, 375–8

Confucianism, 38, 134, 308–11, 332

Confucius, birth of, 129

Conscience, 243–7

Constantine, Emperor, 291–4

Conte, Professor le, cited, 377

Contemporary Review, The, cited, 220, 374, 407, 408

Contentio Veritatis, 44–5

Conversion, 251–7

Conway, Dr. Moncure, 39;
on spiritualism, 384

Copernicus, 379

Cox, Rev. Sir G. W., cited, 133, 141

Cox, Rev. Samuel, on miracles, 51 note

Crantock, Vicar of, on the inferiority of woman, 283

Creation, Bible story of the, a myth, 71, 95–6;
irreconcilable with science, 188–97

Criminality, 333–5, 399–400

Cross, The, 133–4, 136, 146, 165, 389, 392

Cumont, Professor Franz, in Les Mystères de Mithra, 392

Cuvier, 393–4

Cyanic theory, 377

D

Daily Graphic, The, cited, 391, 401–2

Daily Telegraph, The, “Do We Believe?” 3; cited, 322 note, 391

Daniel, 81–2

Daruma, Wa, 260

Darwin, Charles, in The Descent of Man, 170, 174–5, 198–9, 203, 206–8, 228;
on natural selection, 172–3, 393;
on sexual selection, 393;
in The Origin of Species, 180; cited, 209;
belief in a deity not universal, 302–3;
autobiography, 311–12

Darwinism, 171–3

David, 81

Davids, Prof. Rhys, cited, 139–40, 387, 388

Dead, Book of the, 134

Deluge, The, 78, 95

Denmark, 4, 399

Deuteronomy, its nature, 80–1

Devil-possession, 56–7, 383

Dickinson, Lowes, on conversions, 61

Diggle, Bishop, cited, 16–7, 299, 350

Driver, Dr., in his book on Genesis, 75–6

E

Earth, The antiquity of, 379

Easter, remarks on the date of, 390–1

Ecuador, 4

Eliot, George, cited, 364

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 14, 39

Encyclo. Bib., 30; cited, 75, 162, 390;
contributors, 384–5;
notes from, 77–90

Encyclo. Brit., on Buddhism, 123 note;
on mythology, 157;
cited, 234, 246, 395

Esperanto, 408

Essenism, argument from, 162–3

Ethical societies, 336

Eucharist, The Holy, parallels, 119, 143, 145–53, 165, 168, 390, 392;
explanation of origin, 151–4

Eusebius, cited, 104, 162, 293

Evil, man not responsible, 235–40;
man responsible (?), 240–3

Evolution, the doctrine of, 169–73;
average person’s ideas on, 173–5;
attitude of the Church, 175–80;
cruelty of the process, 180–8;
proofs of our origin, 197–208;
clashes with the Christian dogmas, 188–97, 208–18

Exodus, legendary, 78

Experience, Religious, 251–64

F

Fall, The, denial of, 73, 75–6, 88;
an allegory, 95;
overthrow of the doctrine of, 208–18

Farrar, Dean, concerning Josephus, 103;
on Christian accretions, 134–5;
on miracles, 383;
Jesus’ birth in a cave, 386;
in The Bible and the Child, 404

Fasts, parallels, 130–1

Fathers, The Church, 88, 166, 284

Fielding, H., cited, Preface, 14 note, 361–2

First Cause, the existence of a, 221–2;
an Intelligence, 223–30;
a Beneficent Intelligence, 230–51, 264–5

Five thousand, Feeding of the, 49, 383

Flint, Dr. Robert, cited, 184–5, 222, 226, 228–9, 234, 236–7, 240, 242, 292, 298, 301–2

Fohi, the sage, 126–7

Fo-pen-Hing, 390

Forlong, General, cited, 138

Fortnightly Review, The, cited, 247, 304, 401

France, 4, 8, 407

Frauds, Pious, 92, 108, 161, 166, 403–4

Frazer, Dr. J. G., cited, 117, 147, 149–50, 151, 153, 304, 305–6

Freewill, 247–51

Friga, The goddess, 128

Froude on the Reformation, 8

Fuegians, Magic among the, 304–5