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The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law: The Law of Church and Grave

Chapter 39: Footnotes
By Charles Martin Scanlan
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About This Book

A concise practical handbook that guides clergy through the legal principles governing religious organizations, explaining how civil and canon law apply to churches, societies, and religious institutions. It systematically treats corporate forms, authority structures, membership, discipline, and procedures for elections, meetings, and tribunals; addresses property, contracts, pew rights, bequests, taxation, cemeteries, schools, and eleemosynary institutions; and outlines evidentiary and court processes, family and juvenile issues, libel and criminal matters. The emphasis is on clear, accessible rules and references to help clergy navigate legal obligations and resolve disputes involving church affairs.

Footnotes

1.
U. S. Constitution, Amendments, art. i, art. xiv, sec. 1.
2.
Lives of the Popes, Montor, vol. i, p. 94; Life of Leo XIII, “Philippine Question.”
3.
The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 506; Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 328.
4.
Ancient Egypt, Rawlinson, vol. i, p. 323.
5.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, pp. 98, 164, 274; History of England, Lingard, vol. i, c. vii; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 506.
6.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 257.
7.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 271.
8.
The Beginnings of Christianity, Shahan, 90.
9.
Elements of Ecclesiastical Law, Smith.
10.
Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 387; Justinian, Sandar, p. 21.
11.
The Beginnings of Christianity, Shahan.
12.
Universal Church History, Alzog.
13.
Law Dictionary, Bouvier, “Benefit of Clergy,” “Canon Law”; Blackstone, vol. i, p. 460, vol. iii, p. 61.
14.
Blackstone, vol. i, p. 461.
15.
Justinian, Sandar, p. 21; Cyc, vol. viii, p. 366, vol. xiv, p. 1228; Eq. Jurisprudence, Pomeroy, vol. i, p. 1; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 255 et seq; Blackstone, vol. i, pp. 18-20, 63; Kent, vol. i, p. 10; English Constitution, Creasy.
16.
Blackstone, vol. i, p. 82, vol. iv, c. 33; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 337; Conflict of Laws, Wharton, sec. 172.
17.
The American Cyclopedia, “Bologna.”
18.
The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 238.
19.
Blackstone, vol. i, pp. 18-20, 79, vol. iv, c. 33.
20.
Commentaries, Kent, vol. i, c. xi, pp. 342, 473, 515, 525-544, vol. ii, p. 27; Origin and Nature of the Constitution and Government of U. S., U. S. Sup. Ct. Reps., 9 L. Ed., 873.
21.
Commentaries, Kent, vol. i, p. 472; Blackstone, vol. i, p. 107.
22.
Commentaries, Kent, vol. ii, pp. 35-37; Conflict of Laws, Wharton (3rd ed.), vol. ii, pp. 1327-8.
23.
Law of Fraternities, Scanlan, ch. xxiv; Conflict of Laws, Wharton, sec. 109; Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667; Morris v. Dart, 67 S. C, 338; 45 S. E., 753; 100 Am. St. R., 734; Terrett v. Taylor, 13 U. S., 43; 3 L. Ed., 650.
24.
Weld v. May, 9 Cushing, Mass., 181.
25.
Martin v. State, 65 Tenn., 234.
26.
A Manual of Catholic Theology, Wilhelm and Scannell, p. xvii, et seq.
27.
A Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, “Dogma.”
28.
In re St. Louis Inst. of Christian Science, 27 Mo. App., 633.
29.
Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.
30.
State v. Trustees, 7 Ohio St., 58.
31.
Kniskern v. Lutheran Church, 1 Sandford, N. Y., Ch. 439.
32.
State v. Hallock, 16 Nev., 373.
33.
Stephenson v. Hanyon, 7 Dist. Ct. Rep. Pa., 585.
34.
State v. Board, 134 Mo., 296; 35 S. W., 617.
35.
Synod v. State, 2 S. Dak., 366; 50 N. W., 632; 14 L. R. A., 418.
36.
Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pick., Mass., 172.
37.
State v. District Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 20 Am. St. Rep., 41; 7 L. R. A., 330.
38.
Hackett v. Brooksville, 27 Ky. L., 1021; 87 N. W., 792; 69 L. R. A., 592.
39.
State v. Board, 134 Mo., 296; 35 S. W., 617; 56 Am. St. Rep., 503.
40.
County v. Industrial School, 125 Ill., 540; 18 N. E., 183; 1 L. R. A., 437; 8 Am. St. Rep., 386.
41.
“Wis. Industrial School for Girls,” Wisconsin Blue Book. Session Laws of Wis., 1907, p. 1416 (index to Acts). Wis. Industrial School for Girls v. Clark Co., 103 Wis., 651; 79 N. W., 422.
42.
O'Connor v. Hendrick, 184 N. Y., 421; 77 N. E., 612.
43.
Hysong v. Gallitzen, 164 Pa., 629; 30 At., 482; 44 Am. St. Rep., 623; 26 L. R. A., 203; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908). A good résumé of the subject is given in a footnote in 105 Am. St. R., 151.
44.
Stafford v. State, 45 So., 673. A Protestant Dictionary, Wright & Neil, and Webster's Dictionary, “Worship.” A Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, “Latria.”
45.
Gass's App., 73 Pa., 46; 13 Am. Rep., 726; State v. Norris, 59 N. H., 536.
46.
St. Joseph's Church v. Assessors, 12 R. I., 19; 34 Am. R., 597; Gerke v. Purcell, 25 Ohio, 229; Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., “Worship.”
47.
Ante, 28; Post, 346.
48.
Catholic Catechism.
49.
Sherman v. Baker, 20 R. I., 446; 40 At., 11; 40 L. R. A., 717.
50.
Webster v. Surghow, 69 N. H., 380; 45 At., 139; 48 L. R. A., 100.
51.
Coleman v. O'Leary, 114 Ky., 388; 70 S. W., 1068.
52.
McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633.
53.
American and English Encyclopedia of Law, “Parishoner.”
54.
Ibid., “Minister”; 7 Cyc, 189, “Clergy.”
55.
Ibid.
56.
Ibid.
57.
Davies v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; 33 L. Ed., 637.
58.
Simpson v. Welcome, 72 Me., 496.
59.
Board v. Minor, 23 Ohio St., 250.
60.
Baxter v. Langley, 38 L. J., M. C., 1.
61.
Art. vi.
62.
Ex parte Garland, 4 Wallace, 333; 18 L. Ed., 366.
63.
Church of Latter-Day Saints v. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; 34 L. Ed., 478; 140 U. S., 665; 35 L. Ed., 592.
64.
Reynolds v. United States, 8 Otto, 145; 25 L. Ed., 244.
65.
Church of Latter-Day Saints v. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; 34 L. Ed., 478; 140 U. S., 665; 35 L. Ed., 592.
66.
Davis v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; 33 L. Ed., 637.
67.
Fenelon v. Girard, 2 Howard, 127; 11 L. Ed., 205.
68.
State v. Marble, 72 Ohio St., 21; 73 N. E., 1063; State v. Chenoweth, 163 Ind., 94; 71 N. E., 197; People v. Reetz, 127 Mich, 87; 86 N. W., 396; 59 Cen. L. J., 202; 68 L. R. A., 432.
69.
Thaxter v. Jones, 4 Mass., 570.
70.
Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.
71.
Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson.
72.
Bradford v. Roberts, 175 U. S., 291; 44 L. Ed., 168; 20 Sup. Ct. R., 121; Municipality of Ponce v. The Roman Catholic Apostolic Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737 (1908).
73.
Terrett v. Taylor, 9 Cranch, 43; 3 L. Ed., 650; Municipality, etc., v. Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737.
74.
Millard v. Board, 19 Ill., 48; Dorner v. Dist., 118 N. W., 353.
75.
Ashby v. Wellington, 25 Mass., 524.
76.
Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson, p. 139; Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.
77.
State v. Trustees, 11 Ohio, 24.
78.
First v. Leach, 35 Vt., 108.
79.
Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson, p. 139.
80.
State v. District, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 20 Am. St. R., 41; 7 L. R. A., 330.
81.
Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W. (Tex.), 1025; Millard v. Board, 121 Ill., 297; 10 N. E., 669; Hackett v. Brooksville, 27 Ky. L., 1021; 87 S. W., 792; 69 L. R. A., 592; 61 C. L. J., 49.
82.
Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W., 1025.
83.
Moore v. Monroe, 64 Ia., 367; 20 N. W., 475; 66 L. R. A., 166; 52 Am. R., 444; Pfeiffer v. Board, 118 Mich., 560; 77 N. W., 250; 42 L. R. A., 536.
84.
Hysong v. Gallitzin Borough School, 164 Pa. St., 629; 30 At., 482; 26 L. R. A., 203; Dorner v. School District, 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).
85.
O'Connor v. Hendricks, 96 N. Y. S., 161.
86.
Ch. 723, L. 1895.
87.
West v. Otteson, 80 Wis., 62; 49 N. W., 24; Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 23 Ill., 456; 31 Ill., 25.
88.
Gitzhoffen v. Sisters, 88 Pac., 691; 32 Utah, 46; Trustees v. B. P. O. E., 122 Wis., 452; 100 N. W., 837.
89.
Hermits v. County, 7 Pa. L. J., 124.
90.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
91.
In re Van Horn, 18 R. I., 389.
92.
Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob, La., 51.
93.
Rutherford v. Hill, 22 Or., 218; 29 Pac., 546; 17 L. R. A., 549; 56 Cen. L. J., 221; Wechselberg v. Flour, 64 F., 90.
94.
Jewett v. Thames Bank, 16 Conn., 511.
95.
Jeffts v. York, 10 Cushing, 392.
96.
Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255; Sawyer v. Methodist, 18 Vt., 405.
97.
Wise v. Perpetual Trustees, House of Lords, 57 C. L. J., 104.
98.
Sheehy v. Blake, 77 Wis., 394; 46 N. W., 537; 69 L. R. A., 255.
99.
Clark v. O'Rourke, 111 Mich., 108; 69 N. W., 147.
100.
Bradford v. Cary, 5 Me., 339; Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402; In re St. Luke's, 17 Philadelphia, 261.
101.
Addison v. Brock, 3 Me., 243.
102.
Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pickering, 172.
103.
Municipality of Ponce v. Roman Catholic Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737; 6 Cyc, 915.
104.
Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25; Mason v. Muncaster, 9 Wheaton, 468; 6 L. Ed., 131.
105.
Wheaton v. Gates, 18 N. Y., 395.
106.
South v. Yates, 1 Hoff. N. Y., 142; Miller v. Chittendon, 42 Ia., 252; Newmarket v. Smart, 45 N. H., 87; Evangelical Appeal, 35 Pa. St., 316.
107.
Congregational Society v. Swan, 2 Vt., 222.
108.
Horton v. Baptist Church, 34 Vt., 309.
109.
Associated Reform Church v. Theological Seminary, 4 N. J. Eq., 77.
110.
Taylor v. Edison, 4 Cushing, 522.
111.
Laws of 1895, ch. 723; Religious Corporations, Cummings and Gilbert.
112.
Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 463.
113.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
114.
Christian C. v. C., 219 Ill., 503; 76 N. E., 703.
115.
Jackson v. Legate, 9 Wendell, N. Y., 377.
116.
10 Cyc, 235-244.
117.
Atty-Gen. v. Dutch, 36 N. Y., 452.
118.
Methodist v. Pickett, 23 Barber, 436.
119.
Sutton v. Cole, 8 Mass., 96.
120.
Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317.
121.
Enos v. Church, 187 Mass., 40; 72 N. E., 253.
122.
Baptist v. Wetherell, 3 Paige, N. Y., 296; In re Williams, 105 N. Y. S., 1105; Contra: First R. P. Ch. v. Bowden, 10 Abb., N. C., 1.
123.
Bellports v. Tooker, 29 Barber, N. Y., 256.
124.
Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.
125.
Atwater v. Woodbridge, 6 Conn., 223.
126.
Wardens v. Hall, 22 Conn., 125.
127.
Beach, Private Corporations, vol. i, p. 608.
128.
Free Ch. of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; Winnebrenner v. Colder, 43 Pa. St., 244.
129.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, c. iii.
130.
Christ's Ev. L. C., 5 Pa. Co. Court, 121.
131.
In re Zion, 8 Kulp. Pa., 239.
132.
In re Hebron, 9 Phil., 609.
133.
U. S. v. Church, 5 Utah, 361, 394, and 538; 15 Pac., 473; 16 Pac., 723; 18 Pac., 35.
134.
Neil v. Vestry, 8 Gill., 116.
135.
Madison v. Baptist, 26 N. Y., 570; Stokes v. Phelps, 47 Hun., 570.
136.
German, etc., 9 Pa. Co. C., 12.
137.
Evenson v. Ellingson, 72 Wis., 242; 39 N. W., 330.
138.
Toby v. Wareham, 54 Mass., 440.
139.
Weber v. Zimmerman, 22 Md., 156; Wyncoop v. Cong., 10 La., 185.
140.
Magie v. German, 13 N. J. Eq., 77.
141.
Esterbrook v. Tillinghast, 71 Mass., 17.
142.
South v. Clapp, 18 Barber, N. Y., 35.
143.
Tilden v. Metcalf, 2 Day, Conn., 259; Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 518.
144.
Keller v. Tracy, 11 Ia., 530.
145.
Verrian v. Methodist, 44 Abbott Pr., 424.
146.
Trustees v. Hoessli, 13 Wis., 348.
147.
Franke v. Mann, 106 Wis., 118; 81 N. W., 1014.
148.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
149.
Mormon v. United States, 136 U. S., 1; 33 L. Ed., 639.
150.
In re Methodist, 67 Hun., 86.
151.
In re Union, 6 Abb., N. C., 398.
152.
First v. Brownell, 5 Hun., 464.
153.
Evenson v. Ellingson, 72 Wis., 242; 39 N. W., 330.
154.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 20; Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 328; Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.
155.
Rose v. Vertin, 46 Mich., 457; 9 N. W., 491; Tuigg v. Sheehan, 101 Pa. St., 363.
156.
Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., “Religious Societies.”
157.
Den. v. Bolton, 12 N. J. L., 206.
158.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 65 Neb., 831, and 71 Neb., 463; 98 N. W., 1030; 102 N. W., 267, and 104 N. W., 180.
159.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 71 Neb., 463; 104 N. W., 180; Bowden v. MacLeod, 1 Edw., N. Y., 588.
160.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., La., 62.
161.
Fitzgerald v. Robinson, 112 Mass., 371; Grosvenor v. United States, 118 Mass., 78; Post, 132.
162.
Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., La., 51.
163.
Bowldin v. Alexander, 82 U. S., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69.
164.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
165.
Appeal of McAuley, 77 Pa., 397.
166.
Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.
167.
Skilton v. Webster, Bright, Pa., 203; Mt. Helena Bp. Ch., 79 Miss., 488; 30 So. Rep., 714.
168.
Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.
169.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323; Papalion v. Manusos, 113 Ill. App., 316.
170.
People v. Steele, 2 Barber, 397.
171.
Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pickering, 172.
172.
Elizabeth City v. Kennedy, Bush, 44, N. C. Law, 89.
173.
Diffendorf v. Reformed Church, 20 Johns., N. Y., 12.
174.
Sutton v. Trustees, 42 Pa., 503.
175.
Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667.
176.
Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., 51.
177.
Young v. Ransom, 31 Barb., 49.
178.
Perry v. Wheeler, 75 Ky., 541.
179.
Sheldon v. Easton, 4 Mass., 281; Congregation v. Peres, 42 Tenn., 620; Thompson v. Catholic, 22 Mass., 469.
180.
Proprietors v. Proprietors, 48 Mass., 496.
181.
Dempsey v. North, 98 Mich., 444; 57 N. W., 267.
182.
Hackett v. Mt. Pleasant, 46 Ark., 291.
183.
Chatard v. O'Donovan, 80 Ind., 20.
184.
Brestor v. Burr, 120 N. Y., 427; 8 L. R. A., 710; 24 N. E., 937.
185.
Walker v. Wainwright, 16 Barb., 486.
186.
O'Hara v. Stack, 90 Pa., 477.
187.
Stack v. O'Hara, 98 Pa. St., 213.
188.
Cooper v. McKenna, 104 Mass., 284.
189.
Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345.
190.
State v. Winkle, 14 N. H., 480.
191.
Methodist v. Sherman, 36 Wis., 404.
192.
Baldwin v. McKlinch, 1 Me., 102.
193.
Elizabeth City v. Kennedy, 44 N. C., 89.
194.
Calkins v. Cheney, 92 Ill., 463.
195.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76; 4 N. E., 241.
196.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., La., 62.
197.
Meyer v. Baptist, 38 Vt., 614.
198.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., 62.
199.
Whittmore v. Fourth, 68 Mass., 306.
200.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 4 N. E., 241; 116 Ill., 76.
201.
Tuigg v. Treacy, 104 Pa., 493.
202.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
203.
Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276, 278; Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
204.
Weckerly v. Geyer, 11 Ser. R. Pa., 35.
205.
Weinbrenner v. Colder, 43 Pa. St., 244.
206.
People v. Tuthil, 31 N. Y., 550.
207.
Price v. Lyon, 14 Conn., 280.
208.
Suter v. Spangler, 4 Phil., 331.
209.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 36; 32 L. R. A., 836; 33 N. E., 777.
210.
McGuire v. Trustees, 54 Hun., 207.
211.
Church v. Halverson, 42 Minn., 503; 44 N. W., 563; Day v. Bolton, 12 N. J. L., 206; Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
212.
Osgood v. Bradley, 7 Me., 411.
213.
Baptist v. Witherell, 24 Am. Dec., 223; 3 The Catholic Cyclopedia, 755; Contra: First R. P. Ch. v. Bowden, 10 Abb., N. C, 1. See post 134, 156.
214.
Jewett v. Thames, 16 Conn., 511.
215.
Chick v. Trevett, 20 Me., 462; Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255.
216.
Sheehy v. Blake, 72 Wis., 411; 39 N. W., 479; 9 L. R. A., 564.
217.
Chase v. Merrimac, 34 Mass., 564; Bigelow v. Congregation, 15 Vt., 370.
218.
Richardson v. Butterfield, 60 Mass., 191.
219.
State v. Hebrew, 31 La. Ann., 205; 33 Am. Rep., 217; Grosvenor v. United States, 118 Mass., 78; Watson v. Garbin, 54 Mo., 358.
220.
State v. Getty, 69 Conn., 286; 37 At., 188.
221.
Free Church of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; Fuchs v. Meisel, 102 Mich., 357; 32 L. R. A., 92; 60 N. W., 773.
222.
Methodist v. Wood, 5 Ohio, 12.
223.
McGinnis v. Watson, 41 Pa. St., 9.
224.
German v. Seibert, 3 Pa. St., 282.
225.
Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.
226.
Miller v. Gable, 2 Den., N. Y., 492; Eis v. Croze, 149 Mich., 62; 112 N. W., 943; Dressen v. Brameier, 56 Ia., 756; 9 N. W., 193; Amish v. Gelhaus, 71 Ia., 170; 32 N. W., 318.
227.
Lamm v. Cain, 129 Ind., 486; 14 L. R. A., 518.
228.
Fernald v. Lewis, 6 Me., 264.
229.
Trustees v. Henschell, 48 Minn., 494; 51 N. W., 477.
230.
Perry v. Tupper, 74 N. C., 722.
231.
Wanner v. Emanuel, 174 Pa., 466.
232.
West v. Ottesen, 80 Wis., 62; 49 N. W., 24.
233.
Second v. First, 23 Conn., 255.
234.
Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.
235.
Nelson v. Benson, 69 Ill., 27; Brown v. Porter, 10 Mass., 93.
236.
Page v. Crosby, 41 Mass., 211.
237.
Harper v. Straws, 53 Ky., 48; Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31; Reorganized v. Church, 60 Fed., 937; 32 L. R. A., 838; Fernstler v. Seibert, 114 Pa., 196; 6 At., 165.
238.
Shannon v. First, 42 Ky., 253.
239.
Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; McGrath v. Finn, 16 Alb. L. J., 186; Morasse v. Borchee, 151 Mass., 567; 25 N. E., 74.
240.
Farnsworth v. Storrs, 59 Mass., 412.
241.
Bowldin v. Alexander, 15 Wall., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69; Ante, sec. 116, post 156.
242.
In re Paulson's will, 127 Wis., 612; 107 N. W., 484.
243.
Barry v. C. K. of W., 119 Wis., 362; 96 N. W., 797.
244.
In re Knox, 25 Ch. Div., 542.
245.
Harden v. Baptist, 51 Mich., 137; 16 N. W., 311.
246.
Taylor v. Edison, 58 Mass., 522; Gray v. Christian, 137 Mass., 329.
247.
Fulbright v. Higgenbotham, 133 Mo., 668; 34 S. W., 875.
248.
Jones v. State, 28 Neb., 495; 44 N. W., 658; 7 L. R. A., 325.
249.
Hamel v. German, 1 Weekly Note Cases, 411.
250.
State v. Hebrew, 31 La. Ann., 205; 33 Am. Rep., 217.
251.
Deadrick v. Lampson, 58 Tenn., 523.
252.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 32 L. R. A., 838.
253.
Lucas v. Case, 9 Bush, Ky., 297.
254.
Grosvenor v. U. S., 118 Mass., 78.
255.
Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317; 10 Cyc, 320-328; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 17.
256.
State v. Crowell, 9 N. J. L., 391; Commonwealth v. Cain, 5 Ser. & R., Pa., 510.
257.
Wegerle v. Geyer, 11 Ser. & R., Pa., 35.
258.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa. St., 484; St. Luke's v. Matthews, 4 Desau, S. C., 578; State v. Crowell, 9 N. J. L., 391.
259.
People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.
260.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 18, 20; 10 Cyc, 329.
261.
Madison v. Baptist, 32 Howard's Pr., 335.
262.
People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.
263.
Hart v. Harvey, 32 Barb., N. Y., 55.
264.
Alexander v. Bowers, 79 S. W., 342.
265.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 18, 20, 23; People v. Peck, 11 Wend., N. Y., 604.
266.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 9; Gipson v. Morris, 83 S. W., Tex., 226; McCrary's Am. L. of Elections, secs. 298-300.
267.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa., 484.
268.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 23-27; Wardens v. Pope, 8 Gray, Mass., 140.
269.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
270.
Vestry v. Matthews, 4 Desau, S. C., 578.
271.
Cooley's Con. Lim., 619; McCrary's Am. L. of Elections, sec. 197; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 24-27.
272.
Commonwealth v. Woelper, 3 Ser. & R., Pa., 29.
273.
In re Peters, 112 N. Y. Sup., 339.
274.
Gram v. Prussia, 36 N. Y., 161.
275.
Wall v. Johnson, 140 Ind., 445; 39 N. E., 251; Simmons v. Allison, 118 N. C., 763.
276.
People v. St. Anthony, 109 N. Y., 512; 17 N. E., 408.
277.
Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., 62; Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., 51; St. Andrew's Ch. v. Schaugnessy, 63 Neb., 792; 89 N. W., 261.
278.
Enos v. Church, 187 Mass., 40; 72 N. E., 253.
279.
Ross v. Crockett, 14 La. Ann., 811.
280.
Laight v. Noe, 12 Howard's Pr., 497; Contra: In re Williams, 105 N. Y. S., 1105; Ante, 116, 134.
281.
People v. Lacoste, 37 N. Y., 192; Fadness v. Braunberg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84; McCrary on Am. L. of Elections, secs. 209, 264; 10 Cyc, 347; People v. Nappa, 89 Mich., 232; 50 N. W., 846.
282.
Hendrickson v. Shotwell, 1 N. J. Eq., 577.
283.
Congregation v. Sperry, 10 Conn., 200; 10 Cyc, 319.
284.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.
285.
Smith v. Erb, 5 Gill., Md., 437.
286.
People v. Peck, 11 Wend., N. Y., 604.
287.
Catron v. First, 46 Ia., 106; People v. St. Anthony's, 109 N. Y., 512; 17 N. E., 408.
288.
Columbia v. Gospel, 127 N. Y., 361.
289.
First v. Caughey, 85 Pa., 271.
290.
San Antonia v. Adams, 87 Tex., 125; 26 S. W., 1040; Hill v. Rich, 119 Mo., 9; 24 S. W., 223.
291.
Hewitt v. Wheeler, 22 Conn., 577; Devos v. Gray, 22 Ohio, 159; Klopp v. Moore, 6 Kan., 27; Neil v. Spencer, 5 Ill. App., 461; United v. Vandusen, 37 Wis., 54.
292.
Miller v. Church, 4 Phil., 48.
293.
Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 32 Ill., 183.
294.
N. Baptist v. Parker, 36 Barb., N. Y., 171.
295.
Dennison v. Austin, 15 Wis., 334.
296.
United v. Vandusen, 37 Wis., 54; MacLaury v. Hart, 121 N. Y., 636; 24 N. E., 1013.
297.
Vestry v. Barksdale, 1 Strobb. Eq., S. C., 197.
298.
New v. Gress, 89 Ga., 125.
299.
10 Cyc, 776-9; In re Denny, 156 Ind., 104; 59 N. E., 359; 51 L. R. A., 722.
300.
Rules of Order, Scanlan, 21; U. S. v. Balm, 144 U. S., 1; 12 Sup. Ct. R., 507; 36 L. Ed., 321; The Catholic Cyclopedia, vol. i, 289.
301.
Cicotte v. Anciaux, 53 Mich., 227; 18 N. W., 793.
302.
Trustees v. Halverson, 42 Minn., 503; 44 N. W., 663.
303.
Skinner v. Richardson, 76 Wis., 464; 45 N. W., 318; Dennison v. Auston, 15 Wis., 334.
304.
Vestry v. Barksdale, 1 Strobb. S. C. Eq., 197.
305.
State v. Ahnapee, 99 Wis., 322; 74 N. W., 783.
306.
Bowldin v. Alexander, 82 U. S., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69; The Catholic Cyclopedia, vol. iii, 755, 756.
307.
Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345; 6 N. E., 78.
308.
People v. Runkel, 8 Johnson, N. Y., 464.
309.
Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345.
310.
Rose v. Vertin, 46 Mich., 457; 9 N. W., 491; Tuigg v. Sheehan, 101 Pa., 363.
311.
Freeport v. Egan, 146 Pa., 106; 23 At., 390.
312.
Scott v. Thompson, 21 Ia., 599.
313.
Emonds v. Termehr, 60 Ia., 92; 14 N. W., 197.
314.
Wojcienchowski v. Johnknowski, 16 Pa. Sup. Ct., 444.
315.
Chiniqui v. Delaire, 37 Ill., 237.
316.
St. Patrick's v. Abst., 76 Ill., 252.
317.
First v. Prior, 23 Hun., 271.
318.
Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 15-18.
319.
German v. Pressler, 17 La. Ann., 127.
320.
Appeal of McAuley, 77 Pa., 397.
321.
Bethany v. Sperry, 10 Conn., 200.
322.
Weber v. Zimmermann, 22 Md., 156.
323.
Downs v. Bowdoin, 149 Mass., 135; 21 N. E., 294.
324.
Smith v. Erb., 4 Gill., Md., 437.
325.
Helbig v. Rosenberg, 86 Ia., 159; 53 N. W., 111.
326.
Dahl v. Palache, 68 Cal., 248.
327.
People v. Runkel, 9 Johnson, 147.
328.
First v. Hillary, 51 Cal., 155.
329.
Tuttle v. Cary, 7 Me., 426.
330.
State v. Steward, 6 Houst., Del., 9.
331.
Jones v. Cary, 6 Me., 448; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 29-30.
332.
State v. Steward, 6 Houst., Del., 359.
333.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa., 484; McIlvain v. Christ's Church, 8 Phil., 507.
334.
Livingston v. Trinity Church, 45 N. J. L., 230.
335.
People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.
336.
Madison v. Baptist, 46 N. Y., 131.
337.
Moore v. St. Thomas' Church, 4 Abb., N. Y., 51.
338.
Commonwealth v. Woelper, 3 Ser. & R., 29.
339.
Wardens v. Pope, 74 Mass., 140.
340.
Oakes v. Hill, 6 Weekly Notes, Cas., 346.
341.
Hartt v. Harvey, 32 Barb., 55.
342.
Weckerly v. Geyer, 11 Ser. & R., 35.
343.
People v. Church, 48 Barb., 603.
344.
Allen v. Gray, 11 Conn., 95.
345.
Arthur v. Norfield, 49 At., 241; 73 Conn., 718.
346.
Pepin v. Societies, 23 R. I., 81; 60 L. R. A., 626.
347.
Lahiff v. St. Joseph's T. A. B. S., 76 Conn., 648; 65 L. R. A., 92.
348.
10 Cyc, 1067.
349.
17 Cyc, 405; 2 Jones on Ev., secs. 522, 523; Conflict of L., Wharton, vol. ii, sec. 761, pp. 1496-8; Collins v. German, Am. M. I. Ass., 112 Mo. App., 209; 86 S. W., 891; Layton v. Kraft, 98 N. Y., 996.
350.
Collins v. German, 112 Mo. App., 209; Sandberg v. The State, 113 Wis., 578; 89 N. W., 504.
351.
Sawyer v. Baldwin, 11 Pickering, 492.
352.
Finher v. Hanegen, 59 Ark., 151; 24 L. R. A., 543.
353.
Mt. Zion v. Whitmore, 83 Ia., 138; 49 N. W., 846; 13 L. R. A., 198.
354.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 65 Neb., 831; 98 N. W., 1030; 71 Neb., 463; 102 N. W., 267; 104 ib., 180; Nance v. Busby, 91 Tenn., 303; 18 S. W., 874; 15 L. R. A., 801.
355.
Bonacum v. Harrington, 65 Neb., 831; 91 N. W., 886.
356.
Tubbs v. Lynch, 4 Harr., Del., 521.
357.
Sterns v. Bedford, 21 Pickering, 114.
358.
O'Donovan v. Chatard, 97 Ind., 421.
359.
Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667.
360.
Gibbs v. Gilead, 38 Conn., 153.
361.
Stack v. O'Hara, 98 Pa., 213.
362.
29 Cyc, 204, and “Religious Societies”; Am. & Eng. Cyc. of L., “Religious Societies” and “Beneficial Societies”; 2 Benefit Societies & L. Insurance, Bacon, secs. 400a and 450a.
363.
Farnsworth v. Storrs, 59 Mass., 412.
364.
Hatfield v. Delong, 24 Ind. App., 343; 51 L. R. A., 751; Ryan v. Cudahy, 157 Ill., 108; 41 N. E., 760; 49 L. R. A., 353.
365.
Sampsell v. Esher, 26 Weekly Law Bulletin, Ohio, 156.
366.
Day v. Robinson, 12 N. J. L., 206.
367.
Diffendorf v. Reformed Church, 20 Johnson, N. Y., 12.
368.
Chase v. Cheney, 58 Ill., 509.
369.
Catholic Dictionary, Addis & Arnold, “Prescription.”
370.
Legal Formulary, Baart, 462.
371.
Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa. St., 484.
372.
Beers v. Arkansas, 20 How., U. S., 527; 15 L. Ed., 991.
373.
See “Benefit of the Clergy” and “Forum Ecclesiasticum,” in The Catholic Cyclopedia and in the Catholic Dictionary.
374.
Kuns v. Robinson, 154 Ill., 394; 40 N. E., 343; Brundage v. Deardorf, 55 Fed., 839; Watson v. Jones, 80 U. S., 679; 20 L. Ed., 666; Bird v. St. Mark's, 62 Ia., 567; 17 N. W., 747; Perry v. Wheeler, 75 Ky., 541; Powers v. Bundy, 45 Neb., 208; 63 N. W., 476; Connit v. Reformed, 54 N. Y., 551; Harrison v. Hoyle, 24 Ohio St., 254; Krecker v. Shirey, 163 Pa., 534; 30 At., 540.
375.
Watson v. Jones, 80 U. S., 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.
376.
Prickett v. Wells, 117 Mo., 502; 24 S. W., 52; Pounder v. Ash, 36 Neb., 564; 54 N. W., 847.
377.
Atty-Gen. v. Fed., 69 Mass., 1.
378.
Mt. Helen v. Jones, 79 Miss., 488; 30 So., 714.
379.
Prickett v. Wells, 117 Mo., 502; 24 S. W., 52.
380.
Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25.
381.
Garten v. Penick, 68 Ky., 110.
382.
Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 31 Ill., 183.
383.
Lawson v. Kolbenson, 61 Ill., 405.
384.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
385.
Papalion v. Manusos, 113 Ill. App., 316.
386.
Avery v. Baker, 27 Neb., 388; 43 N. W., 174.
387.
Trustees v. Trustees, 4 N. J. Eq., 77.
388.
Nash v. Sutton, 117 N. C., 231; 23 S. E., 178; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31.
389.
Mannix v. Purcell, 46 Ohio St., 102.
390.
Baker v. Ducker, 79 Cal., 365; 21 Pac., 764.
391.
Morris v. Dart, 67 S. C., 338; 45 S. E., 753; 100 Am. St. Rep., 734.
392.
Phipps v. Jones, 20 Pa., 260.
393.
Dolan v. City, 4 Gill., 394.
394.
Shakers v. Watson, 68 Fed., 730.
395.
61 Cen. L. J., 49 and 55; 57 C. L. J., 201.
396.
Owens v. Frank, 7 Wyoming, 457; 53 Pac., 282; 47 Cen. L. J., 221.
397.
Evidence, Jones, vol. iii, p. 776.
398.
Gillooley v. State, 58 Ind., 182.
399.
Knight v. Lee, 80 Ind., 201.
400.
Colbert v. State, 125 Wis., 423; 104 N. W., 61.
401.
Hills v. State, 61 Neb., 589; 85 N. W., 836.
402.
Bevins v. Kline, 21 Ind., 37.
403.
In re Thomas, 54 Cal., 509.
404.
Rex. v. Hoy, 2 F. & F., 4.
405.
Rex. v. Griffen, 6 Cox, C. C., 219.
406.
Mutual v. Robinson, 19 U. S. App., 266; State v. Morgan, 196 Mo., 177; 95 S. W., 402.
407.
Katzer v. City, 104 Wis., 16; 79 N. W., 745; 80 N. W., 41.
408.
Vasconcellos v. Ferraria, 27 Ill., 237.
409.
Foley v. Brocksmit, 119 Ia., 457; 93 N. W., 344; 97 Am. St. R., 324; 60 L. R. A., 571; 18 Cyc, 437-9.
410.
Harriman v. First, 63 Ga., 186.
411.
Methodist v. Sherman, 36 Wis., 404.
412.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76; 4 N. E., 241.
413.
Eager v. Inhabitants, 10 Mass., 430.
414.
Barnes v. Perrine, 9 Barb., N. Y., 202; Sheehy v. Blake, 77 Wis., 394; 46 N. W., 537; 69 L. R. A., 255; Cutler v. Thomas, 25 Vt., 13; Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255 Note.
415.
9 Cyc, 331.
416.
45 Cent. Dig., 7.
417.
45 Cent. Dig., 38.
418.
45 Cent. Dig., 14.
419.
45 Cent. Dig., 1-54; Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, “Subscriptions.”
420.
Legal Maxims, Broom, 745; Hodges v. Nalty, 104 Wis., 464; 80 N. W., 726.
421.
Hodges v. Nalty, 113 Wis., 557; 89 N. W., 535; Hodges v. O'Brien, 113 Wis., 97; 88 N. W., 901.
422.
Barnes v. Perine, 9 Bar., N. Y., 202.
423.
Macon v. Shepard, 2 Humphrey, Tenn., 335.
424.
O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.
425.
Bates v. Sperrell, 10 Mass., 323; Hodges v. Green, 28 Vt., 358; Pres. v. Andrus, 21 N. J. L., 225.
426.
Church v. Wells, 24 Pa., 249.
427.
O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.
428.
Proprietors v. Roswell, 66 Me., 400; Sohier v. Trinity, 109 Mass., 1; Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206.
429.
Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206; O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.
430.
Smith v. Bonhoff, 2 Mich., 115.
431.
Vorhees v. Presbyterian, 8 Barb., 135.
432.
Price v. Lyon, 14 Conn., 280.
433.
Baptist v. Witherell, 3 Paige, N. Y., 296; 24 Am. Dec., 223.
434.
Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.
435.
French v. Old, 106 Mass., 479.
436.
Curry v. First, 2 Pittsburg, 105.
437.
Succession of Gambla, 23 La. Ann., 9.
438.
First v. Braydon, 91 Mass., 248.
439.
Downs v. Bowdoin, 149 Mass., 135; 21 N. E., 294.
440.
Trustees v. Quackenbush, 10 Johnson, 217.
441.
Kellogg v. Dickenson, 18 Vt., 266.
442.
Jackson v. Rounsville, 5 Metcalf, Mass., 127.
443.
Murray v. Cargill, 32 Me., 517; Gay v. Baker, 17 Mass., 435; Shaw v. Beveridge, 3 Hill, N. Y., 26; Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.
444.
Vanhorn v. Tailmadge, 8 N. J. Eq., 108.
445.
Fassett v. Boylston, 19 Pickering, Mass., 361.
446.
Kimball v. Rowley, 24 Pickering, Mass., 347.
447.
Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206; Van Houten v. Trustees, 17 N. J. Eq., 126.
448.
Howard v. Stevens, 47 Vt., 262.
449.
Stoddard v. Vestry, 2 Gill. & J., Md., 227.
450.
City v. McIntyre, 8 Rob., La., 467.
451.
Sargent v. Pierce, 43 Mass., 80.
452.
Perrin v. Leverett, 13 Mass., 128.
453.
Crowley v. Miller, 19 N. Y. Weekly Dig., 262.
454.
Sheldon v. Vail, 28 Hun., 354.
455.
Price v. Lyons, 14 Conn., 280.
456.
Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.
457.
Commonwealth v. Cain, 5 Srg. & R., Pa., 510.
458.
In re Bullock, 6 Dem. Sur., 335; Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276; Ruth v. Oberbrunner, 40 Wis., 238.
459.
Ruth v. Oberbrunner, 40 Wis., 238; Goesele v. Bimeler, 55 U. S., 589; 14 L. Ed., 554; Van Houten v. Trustees, 17 N. J. Eq., 126.
460.
Winnepesaukee v. Gordon, 63 N. H., 505; 3 At., 426.
461.
Bethel v. Carmack, 2 Md., Ch., 143; Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
462.
Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402.
463.
Enos v. Chestnut, 88 Ill., 590.
464.
Walwrath v. Camel, 28 Mich., 111.
465.
Harpending v. Reformed, 41 U. S., 455; 10 L. Ed., 1029.
466.
Inhabitants v. Catholics, 40 Mass., 139; People v. Trinity, 22 N. Y., 44.
467.
Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402; Eggleston v. Doolittle, 33 Conn., 396.
468.
Tomlin v. Blunt, 31 Ill. App., 234.
469.
Centenary v. Parker, 43 N. J. Eq., 307; 12 At., 142.
470.
Levasseur v. Martin, 11 La. Ann., 684.
471.
O'Donnell v. Holden, 21 Weekly Law Bulletin, 254.
472.
Walwrath v. Camel, 28 Mich., 111.
473.
Fitzpatrick v. Fitzgerald, 79 Mass., 400.
474.
Hubbard v. German, 34 Ia., 31.
475.
In re First, 106 N. Y., 251; 12 N. E., 626; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31.
476.
Scott v. First, 50 Mich., 528; 15 N. W., 891.
477.
In re First, 106 N. Y., 251; 12 N. E., 626.
478.
Katzer v. City of Milwaukee, 104 Wis., 16; 79 N. W., 745; 80 N. W., 41.
479.
Beckwith v. St. Phillip's Parish, 69 Ga., 564.
480.
Miller v. Chittenden, 2 Ia., 315; 4 Ia., 252; Schenectady v. Veeder, 4 Wendell, N. Y., 494.
481.
St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76.
482.
Nobilli v. Redman, 6 Cal., 325.
483.
San Antonio v. Odin, 15 Tex., 539.
484.
Blair v. Odin, 3 Tex., 288.
485.
Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 463.
486.
Santillan v. Moses, 1 Cal., 92.
487.
Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276.
488.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
489.
Hennessey v. Walsh, 55 N. H., 515.
490.
Pawlet v. Clarke, 13 U. S., 292; 3 L. Ed., 735.
491.
Cheever v. Pierson, 33 Mass., 266.
492.
Amish v. Gelhaus, 71 Ia., 170; 32 N. W., 318.
493.
Cushman v. Church, 162 Pa., 280; 29 At., 472.
494.
Kulinsky v. Dambrowski, 29 Wis., 109.
495.
Reed v. Church, 6 Pa. Co. Ct., 76.
496.
Fulbright v. Higgenbotham, 133 Mo., 668; 34 S. W., 875; People v. Runkel, 9 Johnson, 147; Central v. Patterson, 30 N. Y. Supp., 248; Unangst v. Shortz, 5 Horton, Pa., 506.
497.
Bowden v. MacLeod, 1 Edw., N. Y., 588; Gable v. Miller, 10 Paige, N. Y., 627; Wilson v. Johns, 2 Rich., S. C., Eq., 192; Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25.
498.
Antones v. Eslava's heirs, 9 Port., 527.
499.
Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25; Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 32 Ill., 183.
500.
Organ v. Seaford, 1 Dev., N. C. Eq., 453; Post 290, 319.
501.
Gram v. Prussia, 36 N. Y., 161; Reformed v. Draper, 97 Mass., 349.
502.
Dochkus v. Lithuanian, 206 Pa., 25; 55 At., 779.
503.
Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38.
504.
Thompson v. West, 59 Neb., 677; 82 N. W., 13; 49 L. R. A., 337.
505.
Morgan v. Leslie, Wright, O., 144.
506.
Consistory v. Brandow, 52 Barb., N. Y., 228.
507.
Grisson v. Hill, 17 Ark., 483.
508.
Scott v. Stipe, 12 Ind., 74; Mills v. Davison, 54 N. J. Eq., 659; 35 At., 1072; 35 L. R. A., 113.
509.
Appeal of Tappen, 52 Conn., 412.
510.
Neely v. Hoskins, 84 Me., 386; 24 At., 882.
511.
Second v. Dugan, 65 Md., 460; 5 At., 415.
512.
Craig v. Inhabitants, 58 Me., 479.
513.
Beckwith v. St. Phillip's Church, 68 Ga., 564.
514.
Mannix v. Purcell, 46 Ohio St., 102; 19 N. E., 572; 2 L. R. A., 753.
515.
Draper v. Minor, 36 Mo., 290.
516.
Burton's Appeal, 57 Pa. St., 213.
517.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 33 N. E., 777; 44 N. E., 363; 32 L. R. A., 838.
518.
Free Ch. of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; McGinnis v. Watson, 41 Pa. St., 9; Ante, 278.
519.
First v. Rauss, 21 Conn., 160; Watson v. Jones, 13 Wallace, 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.
520.
App. v. Lutheran, 6 Pa. St., 201.
521.
Keller v. Tracy, 11 Ia., 530; Happy v. Morton, 33 Ill., 398; Leftwig v. Thornton, 18 Ia., 56.
522.
Watson v. Jones, 13 Wallace, 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.
523.
Dolan v. Mayor, 4 Gill., Md., 394.
524.
Goode v. McPherson, 51 Mo., 126.
525.
Olcott v. Gabert, 86 Tex., 121; 23 S. W., 985.
526.
Strong v. Doty, 32 Wis., 381.
527.
Fadness v. Braunburg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84.
528.
Weld v. May, 9 Cushing, Mass., 181.
529.
Field v. Field, 9 Wendell, N. Y., 394; Stokes v. Dale, 14 N. Y., 901.
530.
Hendrickson v. Shotwell, 1 N. J. Eq., 577; Calkins v. Cheney, 92 Ill., 463; Park v. Chaplain, 96 Ia., 55; 64 N. W., 674.
531.
Beech v. Allen, 7 Hun., 441.
532.
Catholic v. Gibbons, 3 Weekly Law Bulletin, 581.
533.
Lyons v. Planters, 86 Ga., 485.
534.
African v. Duru, 19 La. Ann., 302; Harrisburg v. Washburn, 29 Oregon, 150; 44 Pac., 390.
535.
Lynn v. Carson, 32 Grat., Va., 170.
536.
Proprietor v. Butler, 56 Mass., 597.
537.
DeRuyter v. St. Peter's, 3 N. Y., 238.
538.
Perrian v. Methodist, 4 Abbot's Pr., N. Y., 424; Unangst v. Shortz, 5 Horton, Pa. St., 506; Trustees v. Hoessli, 13 Wis., 348.
539.
Miller v. Chittenden, 2 Ia., 315; Church v. Grace, 68 N. Y., 570; Gilmer v. Stone, 120 U. S., 586; 30 L. Ed., 734; Kinney v. Kinney's Executors, 86 Ky., 610; 6 S. W., 593.
540.
St. Peter's v. German, 104 Ill., 440.
541.
Kinney v. Kinney's Executors, 86 Ky., 610; 6 S. W., 593.
542.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
543.
Morgan v. Leslie, Wright, 144.
544.
U. S. v. Church, 5 Utah, 361; 15 Pac., 473.
545.
In re Ticknor's estate, 13 Mich., 44; Levy v. Levy, 33 N. Y., 97.
546.
Trustees v. Hilkin, 84 Md., 170; 35 At., 9.
547.
Hamsher v. Hamsher, 132 Ill., 273; 23 N. E., 1123; 8 L. R. A., 556.
548.
Hanson v. Little Sisters, 79 Md., 434; 32 At., 1052; Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.
549.
Church v. Grace, 68 N. Y., 570.
550.
Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.
551.
Trinitarian v. Union, 61 N. H., 384.
552.
Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 44 N. E., 363; 32 L. R. A., 838.
553.
Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317.
554.
Petot v. Tucker, 21 N. Y., 267.
555.
Ludlam v. Higbee, 11 N. J. Eq., 342.
556.
Happy v. Morton, 33 Ill., 398.
557.
Sutor v. Spangler, 4 Phil., 331.
558.
Scott v. Stipe, 12 Ind., 74.
559.
Commonwealth v. Dougherty, 107 Mass., 243.
560.
In re Wright's estate, Myr. Prob., 213 Cal.
561.
Green v. Dennis, 6 Conn., 293; Ferguson v. Hedges, 1 Harr., 524.
562.
Murphy v. Dallam, 1 Bland, 529.
563.
Festorazzi v. St. Joseph's, 104 Ala., 327; 18 So., 394; 25 L. R. A., 360; Ex parte Schuler, 134 Mass., 436; Seiber's Appeal, 9 At., Pa., 863; Holland v. Alcock, 108 N. Y., 312; 16 N. E., 305.
564.
Festorazzi v. St. Joseph's, 104 Ala., 327; 18 So., 394; 25 L. R. A., 360.
565.
McHugh v. McCole, 97 Wis., 166; 72 N. W., 352.
566.
Wilson v. Perry, 29 W. Va., 169; 1 S. E., 302.
567.
Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.
568.
Good v. Zook, 116 Ia., 582; 88 N. W., 376.
569.
Trustees v. Sturgeon, 9 Pa. St., 321.
570.
Scott v. Curle, 9 B. Mon., 17; Ante, 278, 290.
571.
In re Paulson's will, 127 Wis., 612; 107 N. W., 484.
572.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
573.
62 Cen. L. J., 167.
574.
Ould v. Washington, 95 U. S., 303; 24 L. Ed., 450.
575.
Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.
576.
Darcy v. Kelley, 153 Mass., 433; 26 N. E., 1110.
577.
Bronson v. Strouse, 57 Conn., 147; 17 At., 699.
578.
Tichenor v. Brewer's, 98 Ky., 349; 33 S. W., 86.
579.
Banker v. Phelan, 4 Barb., 80.
580.
Bowers v. Fromm, Add., Pa., 362.
581.
Germania v. Baltes, 113 Ill., 29.
582.
McDonald v. Shaw, 98 S. W., 952.
583.
Beaty v. Kurtz, 27 U. S., 566; 7 L. Ed., 521.
584.
Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276; Fadness v. Braunburg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84.
585.
Coe v. Washington, 149 Mass., 543; 21 N. E., 966.
586.
Clark v. Brown, 108 S. W., 421, Tex.
587.
Parker v. Quinn, 23 Utah, 332; 64 Pac., 961.
588.
All Saints v. Brookline, 59 N. E., 1003, Mass.
589.
Green v. Outagamie, 76 Wis., 587; 45 N. W., 536.
590.
Katzer v. City, 104 Wis., 16; 80 N. W., 41.
591.
St. Joseph Hospital v. Ashland, 96 Wis., 636; 72 N. W., 43.
592.
Ramsey v. Church, 45 Minn., 229; 47 N. W., 783.
593.
Gray v. Lafayette, 65 Wis., 567; 27 N. W., 311.
594.
Newport v. Masonic, 108 Ky., 333; 56 S. W., 405; 49 L. R. A., 252.
595.
Trustees v. City, 122 Wis., 452; 100 N. W., 837.
596.
Dahl v. Kimball, 6 Me., 171.
597.
Turner v. Inhabitants, 16 Mass., 208; Goodell Mfg. Co. v. Trask, 28 Mass., 514.
598.
Muzzy v. Wilkins, Smith, 1; Ebau v. Hendell, 5 Watts, 43; 30 Am. Dec., 291.
599.
Miller v. Board, 19 Ill. App., 48; Municipality of Ponce v. R. C. A. Ch., 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737; Reuben Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Repr., 690; Dorner v. Dist., 118 N. W., 353.
600.
53 Cen. L. J., 224.
601.
Hewitt v. Woman's, 73 N. H., 556; 64 At., 190.
602.
Collins v. New York, 69 N. Y. Supp., 106.
603.
Louisville v. Hammock, 106 S. W., Ky., 219; 14 L. R. A., N. S., 784.
604.
Indianapolis v. Grant, 25 Ind., 518.
605.
Newport v. Masonic, 108 Ky., 333; 56 S. W., 405; 49 L. R. A., 252.
606.
McGee v. German, 13 N. J. Eq., 77.
607.
Miller v. Lerch, Wall. Jr., Pa., 210.
608.
St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys v. Brown, 45 Md., 310.
609.
White v. Price, 108 N. Y., 661; 15 N. E., 427.
610.
Sec. 5, Ky. Constitution; Contra: N. H. Constitution, art. 6.
611.
Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 376; State v. Baily, 157 Ind., 324; 61 N. E., 730; 54 Cen. L. J., 142.
612.
St. Patrick's v. Rochester, 34 How. Pr., 227.
613.
People v. Board, 13 Barb., N. Y., 400.
614.
Synod v. State, 2 S. Dak., 366; 50 N. W., 632; 14 L. R. A., 418.
615.
State v. Hallock, 16 Nev., 373; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).
616.
Jenkins v. Andover, 103 Mass., 94.
617.
Millard v. Board, 121 Ill., 297; 10 N. E., 669; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353.
618.
Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W., Tex., 1025; Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 379; 56 C. L. J., 81.
619.
State v. Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 7 L. R. A., 330; 53 Am. R., 282; 14 L. R. A., 419; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).
620.
Billard v. Board, 69 Kan., 53; 76 Pac., 422; 66 L. R. A., 166.
621.
Stevenson v. Hanyon, 7 Pa. Co. Ct., 585; State v. Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 7 L. R. A., 330; State v. Scheve, 65 Neb., 853; 91 N. W., 846; 59 L. R. A., 927.
622.
Dorner v. School District, 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908); County v. Industrial School, 125 Ill., 540; 18 N. E., 183; 1 L. R. A., 437; 8 Am. St. Rep., 386; O'Connor v. Hendrick, 184 N. Y., 421; 77 N. E., 612.
623.
Board v. Minor, 23 Ohio, 250; Campanas v. Calderhead, 17 Mont., 548; 44 Pac., 83; 36 L. R. A., 277.
624.
Spiller v. Woburn, 12 Allen, Mass., 127.
625.
School Commissioners v. State Board, 26 Md., 505.
626.
Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 379; 56 Cen. L. J., 81.
627.
Scofield v. State, 27 Conn., 499.
628.
School v. Arnold, 21 Wis., 657.
629.
Sherman v. Charleston, 8 Cushing, Mass., 160; State v. Board, 116 N. W., 232; 67 Cen. L. J., 241.
630.
Guernsey v. Pitkin, 32 Vt., 224.
631.
Wood v. Morrow, 35 Wis., 59.
632.
Anderson v. State, 3 Head, Tenn., 455.
633.
Lander v. Seaver, 32 Vt., 114.
634.
Stevens v. Fassett, 27 Me., 266.
635.
Draper v. Cambridge, 20 Ind., 268.
636.
Lane v. Baker, 12 Ohio St., 237; State v. City, 19 Ohio, 178; Van Camp v. Board, 9 Ohio St., 406.
637.
Ex parte Plessy, 45 La. Ann., 80; 11 So., 948; 16 Sup. Ct. R., 1138; 163 U. S., 537; 41 L. Ed., 256; 18 L. R. A., 639.
638.
State v. School Directors, 10 Ohio St., 448.
639.
Jackson v. Hampden, 16 Me., 184.
640.
Markwell v. Pereles, 95 Wis., 406 and 424; 69 N. W., 798 and 984.
641.
Perry v. State, 113 Ga., 936; 39 S. E., 315.
642.
Aycock v. Harrington, 84 Miss., 204; 36 So., 245; 65 L. R. A., 689.
643.
Wright v. Bennett, 7 Ill., 587.
644.
Graham v. Bennett, 2 Cal., 503.
645.
State v. Harris, 63 N. C., 1.
646.
Rex. v. Canon, 7 Car. and P., 438.
647.
Rex. v. Griffen, 6 Cox. C. C., 402.
648.
F. v. F., 1 Ch. (1902), 688.
649.
In re Jacques, 82 N. Y. Sup., 986.
650.
In re Marshall, 33 N. Y. S., 104.
651.
Kennedy v. Borah, 226 Ill., 243; 80 N. E., 767.
652.
Prieto v. Alphonso, 52 La. Ann., 631; 27 So., 153.
653.
Clarkson v. Hatton, 143 Mo., 47; 44 S. W., 761; 65 Am. St. R., 635; Matter of Johnson, 98 Cal., 531; 33 Pac., 260; 21 L. R. A., 380; Schlitz v. Roenitz, 86 Wis., 31; 56 N. W., 194; 39 Am. St. R., 873; 21 L. R. A., 482; Markwell v. Pereles, 95 Wis., 406; 69 N. W., 798; 67 Cen. L. J., 197.
654.
Elliott v. Elliott, 77 Wis., 634; 46 N. W., 806; 57 L. R. A., 155; 10 L. R. A., 568.
655.
Cole v. State, 75 S. W., 527; 45 Tex.; Cr. App., 225; 57 Cen. L. J., 341.
656.
Mutter v. Senibbs, 79 N. E., 762, Mass.
657.
Commonwealth v. McAfee, 108 Mass., 458.
658.
Tuttle v. Sutts, 96 Pac., 260.
659.
Gleason v. Gleason, 4 Wis., 64; 14 Cyc, 846.
660.
32 St. At. L., 636 and 645.
661.
Chap. 1402, U. S. Laws of 1904.
662.
Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep., 690 (1908).
663.
Sec. 2045, U. S. Statutes.
664.
Secs. 2071 and 2072, U. S. Statutes, and Chap. 188, Laws of 1895.
665.
26 St. At. L., 1014.
666.
Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Repr., 690; 27 St. L., 628 and 635.
667.
In re Lehah-puc-ka-chee, 98 Fed., 429.
668.
Chap. 503, Laws of 1888.
669.
Chap. 3, Laws of 1897.
670.
61 Cen. L. J., 101, 289; 62 Cen. L. J., 215, 219.
671.
McCann v. County, 6 Mont., 297.
672.
Hubbard v. Railway, 104 Wis., 160; 80 N. W., 454.
673.
Hochheimer on Custody of Infants, sec. 54; People v. Turner, 55 Ill., 280; People v. Park, 41 N. Y., 21, 33.
674.
Kleizer v. Symes, 40 Ind., 562; Etchison v, Pergeson, 88 Ga., 620; 15 S. E., 680; Lucas v. Case, 72 (9 Bush) Ky., 297; York v. Pease, 68 Mass., 288; Piper v. Woolman, 43 Neb., 280; 61 N. W., 588; O'Donahue v. McGovern, 23 Wendell, N. Y., 26; Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292.
675.
Combes v. Rose, 8 Blackf., 155; Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; Etchison v. Pergeson, 88 Ga., 620; 15 S. E., 680.
676.
Gardener v. Anderson, Fed. Case, 5220; Rector v. Smith, 11 Ia., 302.
677.
See “Excommunication,” ante. Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; 11 L. R. A., 592.
678.
Shelton v. Nause, 46 Ky., 128.
679.
Fawcett v. Charles, 13 Wendell, 473.
680.
54 Cen. L. J., 313.
681.
Hellstern v. Katzer, 103 Wis., 391; 79 N. W., 429.
682.
Hills v. State, 61 Neb., 589; 85 N. W., 836.
683.
Konkle v. Haven, 140 Mich., 472; 103 N. W., 850.
684.
Klos v. Zahorik, 113 Ia., 161; 84 N. W., 1046.
685.
Libel and Slander, Townsend, secs. 233, 234; 25 Cyc, 390, 398, 411.
686.
Grace v. Dempsey, 75 Wis., 313; 43 N. W., 1127; Grace v. McArthur, 76 Wis., 641; 45 N. W., 518.
687.
25 Cyc, 390, 398.
688.
62 Cen. L. J., 180.
689.
Libel and Slander, Townsend, p. 182 (notes).
690.
Libel and Slander, Townsend, sec. 177; 25 Cyc, 398; Edwards v. Bell, 8 Moore, 467.
691.
Remington v. Congdon, 2 Pickering, 315; Bradley v. Heath, 12 Pickering, 163.
692.
McConckle v. Binns, 5 Binns, Pa., 340.
693.
MacBride v. Allis, 9 Rich., S. C., 313.
694.
State v. Riggs, 22 Vt., 322.
695.
Commonwealth v. Batchelder, Thach., Mass., Cr. Cas., 191.
696.
Shoe & L. v. Thompson, 18 Abbot's Pr., N. Y., 413.
697.
Sans v. Joerris, 14 Wis., 663.
698.
5 Cyc, 715; “Disorderly Conduct,” 14 Cyc, 467.
699.
14 Cyc, 540.
700.
Williams v. State, 83 Ala., 78; 3 So., 616.
701.
Hull v. State, 120 Ind., 153; 22 N. E., 117.
702.
Hunt v. State, 3 Tex., 116.
703.
State v. Kirby, 108 N. C., 772; 12 S. E., 1045.
704.
Commonwealth v. Sigman, 2 Clark, Pa., 36.
705.
State v. Wright, 41 Ark., 410; Tanner v. State, 126 Ga., 77; 54 S. E., 914.
706.
State v. Shepherd, 54 S. C., 178; 32 S. E., 146; 14 Cyc, 467, 540.
707.
Martin v. State, 65 Tenn., 234.
708.
State v. Leighton, 35 Me., 195.
709.
Marvin v. State, 19 Ind., 181.
710.
Brown v. State, 46 Ala., 175.
711.
State v. Turkhaw, 69 N. C., 215.
712.
Richardson v. State, 5 Tex. App., 470.
713.
U. S. v. Brooks, 4 Cranch, C. C., 427.
714.
People v. Crowley, 23 Hun., 412; McLane v. Mallock, 7 Ind., 525.
715.
Kinney v. State, 38 Ala., 224; State v. Lusk, 68 Ind., 264; State v. Edwards, 32 Mo., 548; Tanner v. State, 126 Ga., 77; 54 S. E., 914.
716.
MacLean v. Mallock, 7 Ind., 525.
717.
Wall v. Lee, 34 N. Y., 141.
718.
Meyer v. Baker, 120 Ill., 567; 12 N. E., 79; Commonwealth v. Bearse, 132 Mass., 542; 42 Am. R., 450; West v. State, 28 Tenn., 66; Cramer v. Marks, 64 Pa. St., 151.
719.
5 Cyc, 713; Commonwealth v. Linn, 158 Pa., 22; 27 At., 843; 22 L. R. A., 353.
720.
Gaines v. State, 75 Tenn., 410; Holcombe v. Cornish, 8 Conn., 375; Bodenheimer v. State, 60 Ark., 10; 28 S. W., 507.
721.
State v. Chandler, 2 Har., Del., 553.
722.
Commonwealth v. Kneeland, 37 Mass. (20 Pick), 206.
723.
People v. Ruggles, 8 Johnson, 225.
724.
State v. Chandler, 2 Harr., Del., 553.
725.
State v. Pepper, 68 N. C., 259.
726.
Odell v. Garnett, 4 Blackf., Ind., 549.
727.
People v. Porter, 2 Park, N. Y. Cr., 14.
728.
State v. Chandler, 2 Harr., Del., 553; Commonwealth v. Kneeland, Thach., Mass. Cr. Cas., 346.
729.
Miller v. State, 76 Ind., 310.
730.
Petty v. State, 58 Ark., 1; 22 S. W., 654.
731.
Splane v. Commonwealth, 12 At., Pa., 431.
732.
Commonwealth v. Keiten, 1 Monag., 368.
733.
Cain v. Daly, 74 S. C, 480; 55 S. E., 110.
734.
Ex parte Jentisch, 112 Cal., 468; 44 Pac., 803.
735.
State v. Lorey, 66 Tenn., 95.
736.
State v. Krech, 10 Wash., 166; 38 Pac., 1001.
737.
People v. Havenor, 149 N. Y., 195; 43 N. E., 541; 3 L. R. A., 689; State v. Dolan, 13 Idaho, 693; 92 Pac., 995; 14 L. R. A., N. S., 1259.
738.
Flag v. Inhabitants, 58 Mass., 243; Doyle v. Lynn, 118 Mass., 195.
739.
Hayden v. Mitchell, 103 Ga., 431; 30 S. E., 287.
740.
Roth v. Hacks, 68 Mo. App., 283.
741.
Hofer v. Cowan, 55 Cen. L. J., 290.
742.
Byrant v. Watson, 127 Ind., 42; 26 N. E., 687; Allen v. Duffy, 43 Mich., 1; 4 N. W., 427; 11 L. R. A., 63; Dale v. Knapp, 98 Pa., 389.
743.
Society v. Commonwealth, 52 Pa., 125; Parker v. State, 84 Tenn., 476.
744.
McCabe v. Father Matthews, 24 Hun., 149; People v. Young, 67 Barb., 357.
745.
Philadelphia v. Lehman, 56 Md., 209; Kroer v. People, 78 Ill., 294.
746.
Fox v. Abel, 2 Conn., 541.
747.
Bryant v. Inhabitants, 30 Me., 193; Tracy v. Jenks, 32 Mass., 465.
748.
Carpenter v. Crane, 1 Root, Conn., 98.
749.
Judefinde v. State, 78 Md., 510; 28 At., 405; 22 L. R. A., 721, note.
750.
55 Cen. L. J., 44; 56 Cen. L. J., 261; State v. Cheneworth, 163 Ind., 94; 71 N. E., 197; 59 Cen. L. J., 202.
751.
Speed v. Tomlinson, 73 N. H., 46; 59 At., 376; 68 L. R. A., 432.
752.
State v. Rodgers, 128 N. C., 576; 38 S. E., 34.
753.
U. S. v. Moore, 104 Fed., 78.
754.
Constant v. Rector, 4 Daly, 1.
755.
Frederickson v. W. R. Cem. Ass., 133 Wis., 502; 113 N. W., 1023.
756.
14 Op. Atty-Gen., 27; secs. 4780-4782, U. S. Statutes; 16 Op. Atty-Gen., 13.
757.
20 St. at L., 281.
758.
Sohier v. Trinity Ch., 109 Mass., 1; City v. Town, 82 Wis., 374; 52 N. W., 425.
759.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
760.
Porch v. St. Bridget's, 81 Wis., 599; 51 N. W., 1007.
761.
In re Highland, 4 Pa. Dist. Rep., 653.
762.
Commonwealth v. Fisher, 7 Phil., 264; Bourland v. Springdale, 158 Ill., 458; 42 N. E., 86.
763.
City v. Watson, 56 N. J. L., 667; 24 L. R. A., 843; 49 Cen. L. J., 307.
764.
Coates v. City, 7 Cowan, N. Y., 585; Humphrey v. Frost, 109 N. C., 132; 13 S. E., 793; City v. Austin, 87 Tex., 330; 28 S. W., 528; 47 Am. St. R., 114.
765.
Stockton v. City, 42 N. J. Eq., 531; 9 At., 203; First v. Meyers, 5 Okla., 819; 50 Pac., 70; 38 L. R. A., 329.
766.
Steams v. Manchester, 63 N. H., 390; Henry v. Trustees, 48 Ohio, 671; 30 N. E., 1122.
767.
Upjohn v. Board, 46 Mich., 542; 9 N. W., 845.
768.
Edwards v. Stonington, 20 Conn., 466.
769.
Oakland v. People, 93 Tex., 569; 57 S. W., 27; 55 L. R. A., 503.
770.
Louisville v. Nevin, 73 Ky., 549; First v. Hazel, 63 Neb., 844; 89 N. W., 378.
771.
Page v. Simons, 63 N. H., 17.
772.
Wygant v. McLaughlin, 39 Or., 429; 64 Pac., 867; 54 L. R. A., 636; 53 Cen. L. J., 48.
773.
Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599; Close v. Glenwood, 107 U. S., 466; 2 Sup. Ct. R., 267; 27 L. Ed., 408; Matter of Bd. of Street Opening, 133 N. Y., 329; 31 N. E., 102; 28 Am. St. R., 640; 16 L. R. A., 180.
774.
In re Waldron, 26 R. I., 84; 58 At., 453; 67 L. R. A., 118; Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94; 52 L. R. A., 621.
775.
Perkins v. Mass., 138 Mass., 361.
776.
Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94.
777.
People v. Trustees, 21 Hun., 184; McGuire v. St. Pat. C. C., 3 N. Y. Sup., 781; Baltimore v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
778.
Palmer v. Cypress, 122 N. Y., 429; 25 N. E., 983.
779.
Conger v. Weyant, 55 Hun., 605.
780.
Baltimore v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.
781.
Went v. Methodist, 80 Hun., 266; Adams v. First, 148 Mich., 140; 111 N. W., 757; 11 L. R. A., N. S., 509.
782.
Lakin v. Ames, 64 Mass., 198.
783.
Donnelly v. Boston, 146 Mass., 163; 15 N. E., 505.
784.
Rawson v. School, 89 Mass., 299.
785.
St. Johns v. Haans, 31 Pa. St., 9.
786.
Dangerfield v. Williams, 26 App., S. C., 508.
787.
Silverwood v. Latrobe, 68 Md., 620; 13 At., 161.
788.
Bessimer v. Jenkins, 111 Ala., 135; 18 So., 565; 66 Am. St. R., 26.
789.
Davidson v. Reed, 111 Ill., 167; 53 Am. R., 613; Boyce v. Kalbough, 47 Md., 334.
790.
Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38; Seymour v. Page, 33 Conn., 61; Perkins v. Mass., 138 Mass., 361.
791.
Hyde Park v. Oakwoods, 119 Ill., 141; 7 N. E., 627; Matter of Bd. of Street Opening, 133 N.Y., 329; 31 N. E., 102; 28 Am. St. E., 640 L. R. A., 180.
792.
Eastern v. City of Louisville, 13 Ky. L. Rep., 279; 15 S. W., 1117.
793.
Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38; Appeal of Gumbert, 110 Pa. St., 496; 1 At, 437.
794.
In re Reformed, 7 Howard's Pr., 476; Scoville v. MacMahon, 62 Conn., 378; 26 At., 479.
795.
Antrim v. Malsbury, 43 N.J. Eq., 288; 13 At., 180.
796.
Hertle v. Riddell, Ky., 106 S. W., 282; 15 L. R. A., N. S., 796.
797.
Lewis v. Walker, 165 Pa. St., 30; 30 At., 500.
798.
State v. Wilson, 94 N. C., 1015.
799.
Farelly v. Metairie, 42 La. Ann., 28; 10 So., 386; Commonwealth v. Maria, 2 Weekly Notes Cases, 244.
800.
Hullman v. Honcomp, 5 Ohio St., 237.
801.
MacGuire v. St. Patrick's, 54 Hun., 207.
802.
Dwenger v. Geary, 113 Ind., 106; 14 N. E., 903; Nance v. Busby, 91 Tenn., 303; 15 L. R. A., 801.
803.
Mt. Maria v. Commonwealth, 81 Pa. St., 235; 22 Am. Rep., 743; Cemetery Co. v. Walker, 29 Ky. L. R., 1252; 97 S. W., 34; 7 L. R. A., N. S., 155.
804.
Larson v. Chase, 47 Minn., 307; 50 N. W., 238; 14 L. R. A., 85; 28 Am. St. R., 370; Pettigrew v. P., 207 Pa., 313; 56 At., 878; 64 L. R. A., 179.
805.
McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633; 66 L. R. A., 440.
806.
Hook v. Joyce, 94 Ky., 450; 22 S. W., 651; 21 L. R. A., 96.
807.
Columbus v. C., 82 Wis., 334; 52 N. W., 425; 16 L. R. A., 695; Mt. Hope v. Boston, 158 Mass., 509; 33 N. E., 695; 35 Am. St. R., 515; Kincaid's Appeal, 66 Pa. St., 411; 5 Am. R., 377; Bessimer v. Jenkins, 111 Ala., 135; 56 Am. St. R., 26; 18 So., 565.
808.
Wilson v. Reed, 68 At., 37, N. H.; Wormley v. Wormley, 207 Ill., 411; 60 N. E., 865; 3 L. R. A., N. S., 481.
809.
Thirkfield v. Mountain, 12 Utah, 76; 41 Pac., 564; Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94; 52 L. R. A., 621.
810.
Toppin v. Moriarty, 59 N. J. Eq., 115; 44 At., 469; 50 Cen. L. J., 21.
811.
Cohen v. Cong., 99 N. Y. S., 732.
812.
Feeley v. Andrews, 191 Mass., 313; 77 N. E., 766; State v. McLean, 121 N. C., 589; 28 S. E., 140; 42 L. R. A., 721.
813.
McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633; 66 L. R. A., 440.
814.
Mutual, etc., v. Griesa, 156 F., 398.
815.
Hayes v. State, 112 Wis., 304; 87 N. W., 1076.
816.
14 L. R. A., 85; Young v. College of Physicians, 81 Md., 358; 32 At., 177; 31 L. R. A., 540; Meyers v. Clarke, 28 Ky. L., 1000; 90 S. W., 1049; 5 L. R. A., N. S., 727.
817.
Lindh v. Ry., 99 Minn., 408; 109 N. W., 823; 7 L. R. A., N. S., 1018.
818.
Long v. Ry., 15 Oklahoma, 512; 86 Pac., 289; 6 L. R. A., N. S., 883; Griffith v. Charlotte, 23 S. C., 25; 55 Am. Rep., 1.
819.
Koerber v. Patek, 123 Wis., 453; 102 N. W., 40; Thompson v. State, 105 Tenn., 177; 58 S. W., 213; 80 Am. St. R., 875; 51 L. R. A., 883.
820.
Williams v. Williams, 20 Ch. Div., 659.
821.
Reg. v. Fox, 2 Q. B., 246.
822.
52 Cen. L. J., 141.
823.
O'Donnell v. Slack, 123 Cal., 285; 55 Pacific, 906; 43 L. R. A., 388; Neighbors v. Neighbors, 23 Ky. L., 1433; 65 S. W., 607; Larson v. Chase, 47 Minn., 307; 50 N. W., 238; 14 L. R. A., 85.
824.
Enos v. Snyder, 131 Cal., 68; 63 Pac., 170; 82 Am. St. R., 330; 53 L. R. A., 21.
825.
Thompson v. Deeds, 93 Ia., 228; 61 N. W., 842.
826.
Durrell v. Haywood, 75 Mass., 248.
827.
Boham v. Loeb, 107 Ala., 604; 18 So., 300; Hamilton v. State, 30 Ind., 482; Partridge v. First, 39 Md., 631; Fletcher v. Evans, 140 Mass., 24; 2 N. E., 837.
828.
Commonwealth v. Viall, 84 Mass., 512.
829.
Donnelly v. Boston, 146 Mass., 163; 15 N. E., 505.
830.
Houston v. Drew, 13 Tex. Cir. App., 536; 36 S. W., 802.
831.
Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.
832.
Canadian v. Palmenter, 180 Mass., 415; 62 N. E., 740.
833.
Barabasz v. Kabat, 86 Md., 23; 37 At., 720.
834.
In re Hawkins, 165 N. Y., 188; 58 N. E., 884.
835.
Chapin v. Holyoke, 165 Mass., 280; 42 N. E., 1130; Am. & Eng. Cyc. of L., “Taxation.”
836.
In re Barry, 164 N. Y., 18; 58 N. E., 12.
837.
American Law of Electors, McCrary, sec. 41.
838.
Lansing v. Haynes, 95 Mich., 16; 54 N. W., 699; Baacke v. Baacke, 50 Neb., 18; 69 N., 303; Jones, Jr., estate, 211 Pa., 364; 60 At., 915; 69 L. R. A., 940; White v. B. of A. Y., 124 Ia., 293; 99 N. W., 1071; 66 L. R. A., 164.
839.
Rogers v. Elliott, 146 Mass., 349; 15 N. E., 768; Davis v. Sawyer, 133 Mass., 289; 43 Am. R., 519; Harrison v. St. Mark's, 12 Phil., 259; Soltau v. DeHeld, 9 Eng. L. & E., 104; Leete v. Pilgrim Cong. Ch., 14 Mo. App., 590.
840.
Osborne v. Osborne, New York, Sept. 12, 1908; Landry v. Bellanger, 45 So., 956; 15 L. R. A., N. S., 463; Lawson v. Lawson, 30 Tex. Civ. App., 43; 69 S. W., 246; Schmitt v. Schneider, 109 Ga., 628; 35 S. E., 145.
841.
14 Cyc, 466.
842.
Minagham v. State, 77 Wis., 643; 46 N. W., 894; Gilmore v. Fuller, 198 Ill., 130; 65 N. E., 84.
843.
Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., “Stara decisis,” “Res judicata”; 67 Central L. Journal, 255; Pautz v. Plankinton, 126 Wis., 37; 105 N. W., 482; Whittaker v. Mich. M. L. Ins. Co., 83 N. E., 899.
844.
Bonacum v. Murphy, 71 Neb., 463; 104 N. W., 180.
845.
U. S. Bankruptcy Act, sec. 1, sub-sec. 25.
846.
20 Cyc, 457.
847.
20 Cyc, 1243; Insolvent Corporations, Wait, sec. 637.
848.
20 Cyc, 469.