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The Communistic Societies of the United States / From Personal Visit and Observation

Chapter 58: E.
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About This Book

A firsthand survey of American communal experiments describes origins, creeds, internal organization, economic arrangements, daily routines, worship practices, literature, and reasons for success or failure across groups such as the Amana Society, Harmony, Zoar, the Shakers, the Oneida and Wallingford Perfectionists, the Icarians, and several smaller communes. The account combines historical sketches, descriptions of buildings and institutions, accounts of inspired leadership and printed revelations, assessments of labor, finance, politics, and social customs, and a comparative review that evaluates communal character, living conditions, and practical prospects.

INDEX.

A.

  Administration, at Amana,
    Aurora,
    Bishop Hill,
    Cedar Vale,
    Economy,
    Icaria,
    Oneida,
    Prairie Home,
    Shaker,
    Zoar,
  Agriculture, excellent, of the Communists,
  Alfred, Shakers at,
  Amana Society, the,
    derivation of,
    population of,
    industries of,
  Amiability, a communal virtue,
  Amusements,
    at Amana,
  Anaheim,
    plan of,
    cultivation of,
  Ann Lee. (See Mother Ann.)
  Architecture, communal,
  Armenburg, Inspirationists gathered at,
  Aurora, appearance of the people of,

B.

  Bäker, Rapp's successor,
  Baumeler, Joseph,
    his teaching,
  Bethel,
  Bishop Hill,
    settlement made at,
    disorganization at,
    division of property at,
  Boissiere, E. V., letter from,
  Book-keeping, communal,
  Books at Bethel,
  Brains come easily to the top,
  Business management,
    at Amana,
    at Oneida,
    among the Shakers,
  Business statement,

C.

  Cabet, Etienne,
  Canterbury, Shakers at,
  Cards prohibited,
  Catechism, Amana,
  Cedar Vale,
  Celibacy, discountenanced,
    said to be healthful,
  Celibate Communes,
    life,
  Celibates, the Harmonists become,
  Ceremonies, Aurora,
    horror of, at Oneida,
    no, at Oneida,
  Character, intellectual,
    of Communists,
    of members at Amana,
    of people at Anaheim,
    of Oneida people,
  Children, at Aurora,
    at Oneida,
    training of,
    training of, at Amana,
    taught manual labor,
  Children's houses, Zoar,
  Circular, Oneida,
  Clairvoyants,
  Cleanliness,
    among the Shakers,
  Clothing allowance,
    Amana,
    Oneida,
  Clothing distribution, Bethel,
  Clothing, Economy,
  Comfort, contrivances for,
    in communes,
  Communal life, advantages of the,
  Commune, economy of the,
    a mutiny against society,
  Communes,
    land owned by,
    barren lives in,
    what they might do,
    wealth of,
    origin of,
    number of,
    needless isolation of,
    which have failed,
  Communism,
    when begun, at Zoar
    not amateur work
  Confession,
    dialogue on Shaker
    of sins
    of sins, Amana
  Constitution of Harmonists,
    at Zoar
  Cooking-houses,
    at Amana
    at Bishop Hill
  Co-operative plan of Anaheim
  Costume,
    at Amana
    at Oneida,
    among the Shakers
  Covenant hymn,
    Shaker
  Criticism
    "Criticism," account of a
    how used at Oneida
    "Criticism-cure"
  Cup of Solemnity,
    Shaker
  Cushman, Miss Charlotte

D.

  Daily life,
    at Economy
    among the Shakers
    at Zoar
    Gruber's Rules of
  Dances
  Debt,
    hostility to
  Debts,
    to be avoided
  Defalcation among the Shakers
  Devil's Visitation
  Divine Book of Wisdom
  Dram-shops,
    prevention of
  Dress,
    simplicity of
  Dullness of communal life
  "Dutch town"

E.

  Eben-Ezers (see also Amana)
    remove to Iowa
  Economy
    neatness of
    hotel at
    in 1826
    tramps at
  Education at Amana
  Employment,
    at Amana
    at Aurora,
    at Cedar Vale
    at Economy
    at Oneida
    Shaker
    (See also Industries.)
  Enfield (Conn.),
    Shakers at
    (N. H.), Shakers at
  Enthusiasts,
    communists not
  Equality,
    as a bond
    of living,
  Evans, F. W.,
    appearance of
    conversation of
    on cleanliness
  Evening meetings at Oneida

F.

  Faith-cures
  Family,
    a Shaker
  Family life at Aurora
    in Communes,
    at Oneida
  Fanatics
  Fanners benefited by neighboring communes
  Fences,
    no, at Vineland
  Food, distribution of,
    at Amana
    at Aurora
    among the Shakers
  Funeral,
    a Shaker

G.

  German communists
    peasants
  Germans settle Anaheim
  Gloucester,
    Shakers at,
  "Gospel Virtues,"
    set forth in rhymes
  Groveland,
    Shakers at.
  Grumblers.

H.

  Hansen,
    projector of Anaheim
  Harmonists,
    their appearance
  Harmony,
    means for securing
  Harmony, New, Ind.
  Harmony, Pa.
  Harmony Society,
    formed
    articles of association of
  Harvard,
    Shakers at
  Henrici, J.
  Heyneman, Barbara,
    her origin
    falls into disgrace
    "Hoggish Nature," rhymes against
  Holidays, Amana
  Honesty in communes
  Household economy of the Shakers
  Housekeeping, Economy
  Hymnology, Amana
  Hymns,
    Oneida,
    Shaker,

I.

  Icarians, the.
  Industries,
    at Amana;
    at Aurora;
    at Bethel;
    at Bishop Hill;
    at Icaria;
    at Oneida;
    of the Communes.
    (See also Employments.)
  Inquisition, religious, at Amana.
  Inspiration,
    among the Shakers;
    definition of;
    members received by;
    utterances.
  Inspiration Society, origin of.
  Inspirationists, the;
    settle near Buffalo.
  Integrity of administration at Economy.
  Inventive skill at Oneida.

J.

  Janson, Eric.
  Jerks, the.
  Jokes, pious.

K.

  Keil, Dr.;
    appearance of;
    founds Bethel;
    goes to Oregon;
    his house, 317.
  Kentucky revival, the;
    scenes at.
  Kindness to laborers.

L.

  Labor, hours of.
  Land tenure at Bethel.
  Landis, Charles K.;
    his account of Vineland.
  Laundries.
  Lawsuits against the Harmonists.
  Lazy people, none.
  Leaders, value of character in.
  Lenz, Jonathan.
  Leon, Count de;
    death of.
  Libraries.
  Life, manner of, at Bethel.
  Literature,
    Amana;
    Perfectionist;
    Shaker.
  Local-option law, good effect of.
  Longevity,
    in communes;
    Shaker.
    (See also Old Age.)
  Lord's Supper, the, at Amana.

M.

  Manufactures at Harmony.
  Marching-songs, Shaker.
  Marriage,
    age for;
    at Amana;
    at early age, Bethel;
    complex;
    not helpful in communism;
    tends to worldliness;
    when allowed at Zoar.
  Meal-hours,
    at Amana;
    at Oneida;
    among the Shakers.
  Mechanical skill in communes.
  Meetings,
    evening, Amana;
    at Icaria;
    evening, at Oneida;
    religious Amana 53.
  Membership,
    conditions of, Amana;
    at Aurora;
    at Oneida;
    condition of among the Shakers.
  Metz, Christian;
    goes to America;
    his historical description.
  Ministry, Shaker.
  Miraculous cures.
  Moses.
  Mother Ann;
    dies;
    emigrates to the United States;
    her appearance;
    her sayings;
    hymns to;
    performs miracles;
    on confession.
    (See also Ann Lee.)
  Mount Lebanon.

N.

  Nativity of Amana people.
  Nauvoo, the Icarians at.
  New Harmony.
  New Lebanon.
  Niskeyuna, Shakers at.
  North Union, Shakers at.
  Noyes, J. H.;
    on criticism.
  Nurse-shops.

O.

  Old age,
    at Amana;
    at Economy;
    at Zoar;
    provisions for.
  Oneida.
  Orderly life,
  Orders, social,
    Amana,
    Shaker,
  Original sin, its nature,
  Owen buys New Harmony,

P.

  Pecuniary success, Harmony,
  Perfectionists, the,
  Pet animals forbidden,
  Pleasant Hill, Shakers at,
  Police at Vineland, low cost of,
  Poor, feeding the,
  Poor tax, small, at Vineland,
  Population, Amana,
  Pork,
    believed to cause bilious fevers,
    believed to cause cancer,
  Prairie Home,
    location of,
    singular plan of life at,
  Prayer-houses at Amana,
  Precautions in regard to sexes,
  Primitive Church, the,
  Private incomes at Aurora,
  Progressive Community, the,
  Propagation, scientific, so-called,
  Property at Aurora,
  Property register at Oneida,

Q.

Quakers, charitable to Zoarites, visit the Inspirationists,

R.

  Rapp, Frederick,
    George, founder of Economy,
    appearance and character of,
    his doctrines,
    sails for Baltimore,
    on riches,
    Miss Gertrude,
  Religious faith, at Aurora,
    at Bishop Hill,
    at Economy,
    at Icaria,
    at Oneida,
    Shaker,
    at Zoar,
  Religious meetings,
    at Amana,
    at Economy,
    among the Shakers,
    at Zoar,
  Religious observances,
  Roads, good,
  Rock, John Frederick,
  Roll and Book, the Sacred,
  Russian materialists,

S.

  Satan personates Adam,
  Scandal,
  School, at Amana,
    at Icaria,
    at Oneida,
    at Zoar,
  Schools,
  Separatists,
    Swedish,
  Servants, inadmissible,
    none in a commune,
  Sex, no, in heaven,
  Sexes, kept apart, Amana,
    rules for keeping apart the,
  Sexual relation, unnatural,
  Silkville,
    location of,
  Sinner, repentance of a, in verse,
  Shaker and Shakeress, The,
  Shakers, colored, society of, at Philadelphia,
    Northern and Southern,
    number of communes of,
    summary of Shaker faith,
    when founded,
    who make the best,
    societies, Western, when formed,
  Shaking Quakers,
  Shirley, Shakers at,
  Shops, Shaker,
  Slavery, Shakers opposed to,
  "Slug" exposed,
  Social Freedom Commune,
  South Union, Shakers at,
  Spirit world, Shaker relations to the,
  Spiritual manifestations, Shaker,
  Spiritualism, among the Shakers,
  Spirituous liquors, Shaker rule about,
  Steamboat Self-denial, verses on the,
  Steeple houses,
  Subordination in communal life,
  Success, pecuniary, at Aurora,
  Sunday, among the Shakers,
    at Oneida,
  Systematized life,

T.

  Table Monitor, the,
  Temperance,
    at Vineland,
    hymn, Shaker,
  Texas, Cabet's attempt there.
  Tobacco forbidden.
  Toil in communes not severe.
  Tongues, strange.
  Trades, teaching.

U.

  Unanimous consent.
  Unitary home.
  Union Village, Shakers at.

V.

  Vineland; plan of settling,.
  Vineyards, Anaheim.

W.

  War, Shaker losses in the.
  Watervliet (N. Y.),
    Shakers at,
    (Ohio), Shakers at,
  Wealth, not desired;
    of Oneida Communists.
  Wedding, a, at Aurora;
    at Zoar.
  Wedding-day at Amana.
  Whitewater, Ohio, Shakers at.
  Whittaker, Elder James.
  Willamette Valley, the.
  Winter Shakers.
  Women, allowance for dress of,
    at Oneida;
    among the Shakers;
    at Amana;
    a magical fire;
    dress of;
    in communes;
    rights of;
    vote in Zoar;
    will talk.
  Woolen factories.
  Wright, Lucy.

Y.

Year-books, Inspirationist.

Z.

Zoar; character of people; origin of people; purchase of land at.