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The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Vol. 2 [of 3] cover

The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Vol. 2 [of 3]

Chapter 108: FOOTNOTE:
By Benjamin Franklin
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About This Book

The volume gathers a wide-ranging collection of letters and papers that report empirical observations, experiments, and practical proposals alongside political and moral reflections. Scientific pieces treat meteorological and maritime phenomena—water-spouts, whirlwinds, auroras, tides, the Gulf Stream, temperature, evaporation, and salinity—and describe inventions and improvements such as stoves, chimneys, paper-making methods, and a proposed reformed alphabet. Short essays and club notes offer rules for civic debate and guidance for youth. Political fragments examine population and economy, luxury and smuggling, criminal law, toleration, and the slave trade, often combining pragmatic solutions with concise moral reasoning.

Catt or bark, from the coal trade, £  
  of 350 tons, estimated at about 2000
Extra expences, stores, boats, &c. 3000
——
To be manned with60men at
4 per man per month
——
240
12
——
2880per annum
3
——
Wages and provisions8640 for three years8640
———
13640
———
Cargo included, supposed 15000

The expences of this expedition are calculated for three years: but the greatest part of the amount of wages will not be wanted till the ship returns, and a great part of the expence of provisions will be saved by what is obtained in the course of the voyage, by barter, or otherwise, though it is proper to make provision for contingencies.

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FOOTNOTE:

[82] These proposals were printed upon a sheet of paper some two or three years ago, and distributed. The parts written by Dr. Franklin and Mr. Dalrymple are easily distinguished. B. V.

TO DR. PERCIVAL.

Concerning the Provision made in China against Famine.

I have somewhere read, that in China an account is yearly taken of the number of people, and the quantities of provision produced. This account is transmitted to the emperor, whose ministers can thence foresee a scarcity, likely to happen in any province, and from what province it can best be supplied in good time. To facilitate the collecting of this account, and prevent the necessity of entering houses and spending time in asking and answering questions, each house is furnished with a little board, to be hung without the door during a certain time each year; on which board are marked certain words, against which the inhabitant is to mark number and quantity, somewhat in this manner:

Men,
Women,
Children,
Rice, or Wheat,
Flesh, &c.

All under sixteen are accounted children, and all above, men and women. Any other particulars, which the government desires information of, are occasionally marked on the same boards. Thus the officers, appointed to collect the accounts in each district, have only to pass before the doors, and enter into their book what they find marked on the board, without giving the least trouble to the family. There is a penalty on marking falsely, and as neighbours must know nearly the truth of each others account, they dare not expose themselves, by a false one, to each others accusation. Perhaps such a regulation is scarcely practicable with us[83].

FOOTNOTE:

[83] The above passage is taken from Dr. Percival's Essays, Vol. III. p. 25, being an extract from a letter written to him, by Dr. Franklin, on the subject of his observations on the state of population in Manchester and other adjacent places. B. V.