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The crusades

Chapter 17: INDEX.
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About This Book

The work traces the rise, conduct, and consequences of medieval expeditions to recover the holy sites, beginning with pilgrimage practices, eastern conquests, and popular fervor that were channelled by clerical leaders. It examines immediate causes such as disruptions to pilgrimage routes and appeals from eastern rulers, the councils and sermons that mobilized volunteers, and the principal campaigns, sieges, and political rivalries that followed. The narrative assesses institutional effects on papal authority, feudal obligations, commerce, and the relic trade, and weighs both spiritual motives and secular rewards that shaped participants and long-term cross-cultural contacts.

INDEX.

  • Abbasside caliphs of Bagdad, 15
  • Abelard, 88
  • Abubekr, 13
  • Acre, siege of, 127;
  • surrender of, 133
  • Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror, 80
  • Adelais, 120
  • Adhemar, bishop of Puy, 44, 58, 69, 70
  • Albigensians, crusades against the, 222
  • Alexander II., pope, 2, 21
  • Alexandria, surrender of, to Almeric, 100
  • Alexios, brother of Isaac Angelus, 153, 159
  • Alexios emperor of the East, 17, 24, 51;
  • extorts the homage of the crusaders, 53;
  • his conduct to the crusaders, 54;
  • fails to aid them, 71;
  • benefited by the crusaders, 81;
  • death of, 83
  • Alexios, son of Isaac Angelus, 153, 156, 161
  • Alexios Strategopoulos, 180
  • Alfonso, king of Gallicia, 38
  • Almeric, king of Jerusalem, 98
  • Almeric of Lusignan, king of Cyprus and titular king of Jerusalem, 144, 183
  • Amalfi, merchants of, 18
  • Andrew, king of Hungary, 176, 186
  • Anna Comnena, 50, 54
  • Antioch, siege of, 60;
  • betrayed to Bohemond, 65;
  • fall of, 69
  • Arnold, chaplain of Bohemond, 68, 73
  • Arnold of Amaury, 221
  • Arthur of Brittany, 129
  • Artois, count of, 210
  • Ascalon, Battle of, 77;
  • fall of, 98
  • Assize of Jerusalem, 78, 170
  • Augustine, St., 8
  • Austria, Leopold, duke of, 133
  • Azan the Bulgarian, 179
  • Azotus, battle of, 132
  • Baghasian, 60, 63, 65
  • Baldwin I., brother of Godfrey of Bouillon, 43, 59
  • Baldwin II., emperor of the East, 175
  • Baldwin II., king of Jerusalem, 84
  • Baldwin III., king of Jerusalem, 85
  • Baldwin IV., king of Jerusalem, 104
  • Baldwin V., king of Jerusalem, 104
  • Baldwin du Bourg, 84
  • Baldwin, lord of Edessa, 59;
  • king of Jerusalem, 80, 84
  • Baldwin of Flanders, emperor of the East, 163, 173
  • Baldwin of Hainault, 70
  • Barbarossa [Frederick I.]
  • Bela, king of Hungary, 121
  • Berengaria, 129, 130
  • Bernard, patriarch of Antioch, 70
  • Bernard, St., 86 et seq.
  • Bertrand of Toulouse, 81
  • Blanche of Castile, 203, 223
  • Blondel, 138
  • Bodin, 53
  • Bohemond, son of Robert Guiscard, 23, 45, 52, 81
  • Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, 152, 172, 175
  • Bouvines, battle of, 189
  • Brienne, constable of Apulia, 23
  • Brienne, John of, 184, 199
  • Bulgarians, 173
  • Calo John, 173, 175
  • Charles of Anjou, 217
  • Charles the Great, 21
  • Chivalry, cause and effect of, 46
  • Chosroes [Khosru]
  • Christianity, the, of the first century, 3;
  • influence of paganism upon, 5;
  • modified by the Roman imperial tradition, 20
  • Cid, the, 38
  • Clement IV., pope, 215
  • Clement V., pope, 220
  • Cogni [Iconium]
  • Conrad, bishop of Hildesheim, 142
  • Conrad, emperor of Germany, 90, 92, 142
  • Conrad of Tyre, 110, 127, 134
  • Constantia, heiress of Sicily, 125, 128
  • Constantine, church of, at Jerusalem, 8
  • Constantinople, first siege of, by the Latins, 158;
  • second siege and conquest of, 162;
  • Latin emperors of, 168;
  • Baldwin I., 163, 174;
  • Henry, brother of Baldwin, 175;
  • Peter of Courtenay, 176;
  • Robert, 177;
  • John of Brienne, 178;
  • Baldwin II., 179;
  • Latin empire of, 168;
  • recovery of, by the Greeks, 181
  • Coradin, sultan of Syria, 186
  • Council of Clermont, 29
  • Council of Lyons, 217
  • Council of Nice, 17
  • Council of Piacenza, 24
  • Councils of Lateran, 116, 185
  • Courtenay, Joceline of, 84, 97
  • Courtenay, Peter of, 176, 177
  • Courtesy, 48
  • Courts of Love, 95
  • Cross, discovery of the true, 7;
  • recovery of, 12
  • Crusaders, numbers of the, 56;
  • ferocity of the, 75
  • Crusades, causes tending to, 1 et seq.;
  • financial effects of, 34;
  • effects of, on the power of the pope and the clergy, 35;
  • on the feudal system, 36;
  • not national enterprises, 37;
  • against the Albigensians, 222;
  • the Children’s, 222;
  • indirect results of the, 224
  • Daimbert, patriarch of Jerusalem, 78
  • Damascus, siege of, 95
  • Damietta, 116, 186, 209
  • Dandolo, Henry, doge of Venice, 163, 168, 172
  • Dargham, 98
  • David [Kilidje Arslan]
  • Demetrius, lord of Thessalonica, 178
  • Dorylaion, battle of, 58
  • Durazzo, 23, 81, 173
  • Edessa, conquest of, by Baldwin, 59;
  • by Zenghis, 85
  • Edward I., of England, 216, 217, 218, 219
  • Eleanor of Poitou, wife of Louis VII., 88, 92, 95;
  • marries Henry of Normandy, afterwards Henry II. of England, 95;
  • writes to Cælestine III., 138
  • Eleanor, wife of Edward I., 216
  • Emico, count of Leiningen, 40
  • Engelbert of Tournay, 74
  • Eugenius III., pope, 89
  • Eustace, count of Boulogne, 43
  • Fatimite sultans of Egypt, 14, 62, 98, 99, 102
  • Ferentino, treaty of, 190
  • Frederick I., Barbarossa, 124, 125
  • Frederick II., grandson of Barbarossa, 183 et seq., 207, 222
  • Fulk of Anjou, king of Jerusalem, 85, 117
  • Fulk of Marseilles, 221
  • Fulk of Neuilly, 148
  • Genghis Khan, 201
  • Geoffrey, archbishop of York, 120
  • Geoffrey of Villehardouin, 150, 172, 175
  • Gerold, patriarch of Jerusalem, 198
  • Godfrey of Bouillon, 43, 49, 66, 72;
  • baron and defender of the Holy Sepulchre, 77;
  • reign and death of, 80
  • Gotschalk, the monk, 40
  • Greeks and Latins, antagonism between, 56, 168, 180
  • Gregory I., the Great, 10, 20
  • Gregory VII., pope [Hildebrand]
  • Gregory VIII., pope, 118
  • Gregory IX., pope, 191, 193, 200
  • Gregory X., pope, 217
  • Guelf, duke of Bavaria, 39
  • Guibert, abbot, 33
  • Guido, abbot of Vaux Cernay, 155
  • Guiscard, Robert, 24
  • Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem, 104;
  • of Cyprus, 134
  • Hakem, 15
  • Harun-al-Reschid, 25
  • Helena, church of, at Bethlehem, 8
  • Henry II., king of Cyprus, 218
  • Henry II. of England, 117, 119, 120, 121
  • Henry IV., emperor, 25, 43
  • Henry V. of England, 219
  • Henry VI., emperor, 134, 138, 139, 140
  • Henry, Latin emperor of the East, 175, 176, 219
  • Henry of Champagne, titular king of Jerusalem, 134
  • Heraclius, emperor of the East, 11, 12
  • Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem, 117
  • Herakleios [Heraclius]
  • Herman of Salza, 127, 195, 197
  • Hildebrand [Gregory VII.], 2, 21 et seq.
  • Hohenstaufen, house of, 188
  • Holy Land, growth of local traditions in the, 7
  • Honorius III., pope, 177, 189, 202
  • Hospitallers, or knights of St. John, 101, 108, 113, 141, 214, 217
  • Hugh III., king of Cyprus, 217
  • Hugh of Vermandois, 43, 49, 69, 83
  • Hungary, conversion of, 16
  • Iconium, sultan of, 58, 82
  • Ingulf, 16
  • Innocent II., pope, 88
  • Innocent III., pope, 145, 165, 189
  • Innocent IV., pope, 202
  • Isaac Angelus, emperor of the East, 119, 153
  • Isaac of Cyprus, 130
  • Isabella, sister of Baldwin IV., king of Jerusalem, 127, 178, 183
  • James du Chastel, 211
  • Jerome, St., at Bethlehem, 9
  • Jerusalem, Assize of, 78, 170;
  • Latin kingdom of, 77;
  • Latin kings of, 77;
  • Godfrey, 77;
  • Baldwin I., 80;
  • Baldwin II., 84;
  • Fulk of Anjou, 85;
  • Baldwin III., 85;
  • Almeric, 98;
  • Baldwin IV., 104;
  • Baldwin V., 104;
  • Guy of Lusignan, 104;
  • Henry of Champagne (titular), 134;
  • Almeric of Lusignan (titular), 144
  • Jerusalem, captured by the Persians, 10;
  • by Omar, 12;
  • by Hakem, 15;
  • by the Seljukian Toucush, 17;
  • by the first crusaders, 72;
  • by Saladin, 105;
  • by Kameel, 196
  • Jews, persecution of the, 40, 91, 122
  • Jews, plunder of the, 119
  • Joanna, sister of Richard I., 128, 134
  • Joceline of Courtenay, 84, 97
  • John Comnenos, 50
  • John of Brienne, 178
  • John of England, 135
  • John, St., Hospital of, 18
  • John the monk, 96
  • Joinville, 206 et seq.
  • Kameel, sultan of Egypt, 186;
  • treaty of, with Frederick II., 196, 200;
  • takes Jerusalem, 201
  • Kerboga, 66, 68, 69
  • Khosru II., 10
  • Khosru Nushirvan, 11
  • Kilidje Arslan, 42, 58, 66, 69
  • Knighthood, 47
  • Knights Hospitallers, 101, 108, 113, 141, 214, 218
  • Knights Templars, 90, 113, 214
  • Knights, Teutonic, 127, 214, 218
  • Korasmians, 202
  • Lance, discovery of the holy, 67
  • Lateran, councils of, 116, 185
  • Latin empire of Constantinople, 168;
  • kingdom of Jerusalem, 77;
  • emperors of Constantinople, 169;
  • kings of Jerusalem, 77, 144
  • Latins and Greeks, antagonism between, 55, 168, 181
  • Leo III., pope, 21
  • Letold of Tournay, 74
  • Lothair, cardinal [Innocent III.]
  • Louis VI., the Fat, 88
  • Louis VII., king of France, 92, 117
  • Louis IX., king of France, 203 et seq.;
  • death of, 215
  • Lusignan, Almeric of, 144, 183;
  • Guy of, 104, 134
  • Lyons, council of, 217
  • Mahomed, embassy from, to Khosru II., 11
  • Mamelukes, 218
  • Manuel, emperor of the East, 93, 102
  • Marra, siege of, 71
  • Mary, niece of Baldwin IV., king of Jerusalem, 184
  • Maynard, nephew of Conrad of Tyre, 137
  • Merovingian kings of France, 98
  • Moadhin, sultan of Damascus, 196
  • Montferrat, marquis of, 152
  • Montfort, Simon of, 150, 155, 158
  • Montfort, Simon of, earl of Leicester, 203
  • Morosini, Thomas, patriarch of Constantinople, 165, 167, 171
  • Mostadhi, caliph of Bagdad, 100
  • Mourzoufle, 161, 162, 173
  • Nicæa, Nikaia [Nice]
  • Nice, Seljukian sovereigns of, 17;
  • siege of, 57
  • Nicephorus III., emperor, 23
  • Nicolas IV., pope, 218
  • Nicolas, the child crusader, 223
  • Nineveh, battle of, 11
  • Noureddin, sultan of Aleppo, 98, 99, 103
  • Omar, the caliph, 12
  • Oriflamme, the, 208
  • Otho of Brunswick, emperor, 188
  • Pascal II., pope, 78
  • Pastoureaux, 222
  • Pelagius, bishop of Albano, 185
  • Peter Barthelemy, 68
  • Peter of Blois, 138
  • Peter of Capua, 154, 157
  • Peter the Chanter, 148
  • Peter of Courtenay, Latin emperor of the East, 176
  • Peter the Hermit, 26 et seq., 38, 62, 68, 73, 75
  • Philip Augustus, king of France, 119, 138, 171
  • Philip I., king of France, 25, 43, 81
  • Philip IV., the Fair, king of France, 220
  • Philip of Namur, 177
  • Philip of Swabia, 154, 156
  • Philip [titular], Latin emperor of the East, 181
  • Piacenza, council of, 24
  • Pilgrimage, growth of, 8
  • Pilgrims, tax on, at Jerusalem, 15
  • Phirouz, the renegade, 63
  • Placentia, council of, 24
  • Pontius, son of Bertrand of Toulouse, 81
  • Raymond, count of Toulouse, 45, 53
  • Raymond of Tripoli, 104
  • Rhazates, 12
  • Richard, earl of Cornwall, 197, 201
  • Richard I’st of England, 114, 117;
  • at Messina, 128;
  • at Rhodes, 130;
  • at Acre, 130;
  • retreats from Bethlehem, 135;
  • at Jaffa, 136;
  • imprisonment, 137;
  • return of, to England, 140
  • Robert, count of Flanders, 44
  • Robert, count of Paris, 52
  • Robert duke of Normandy, 44, 60, 63
  • Robert, Latin emperor of the East, 177
  • Robert of Courcon, 185, 186
  • Rodolph of Hapsburg, 217
  • Rodolph the Monk, 91
  • Roger, successor of Tancred, 82
  • Saadi, 183
  • Saladin tax or tithe, 119
  • Saladin, 99, 102;
  • enters Jerusalem, 110;
  • death of, 141
  • Samosata, 60
  • San Germano, treaty of, 191
  • Saphadin, 136, 141;
  • takes Jaffa, 143;
  • offers peace, 183;
  • death of, 186
  • Seljukian Turks, 17
  • Shawer, 98, 102
  • Shepherds of Pastoureaux, 222
  • Shiracouh, 98, 102
  • Sibylla, 104, 127
  • Sidon, conquest of, 84
  • Simon of Montfort, 150, 155, 158
  • Simon of Montfort, earl of Leicester, 203
  • Siroes, 12
  • Siward, 84
  • Sophronios, patriarch of Jerusalem, 12
  • Stephen, apostle of Hungary, 16
  • Stephen, count of Chartres, 44, 66, 80
  • Stephen Harding, 87
  • Stephen, the child crusader, 223
  • Tancred, 45, 59, 69, 75, 81
  • Tancred, son of Roger of Apulia, 129, 141
  • Tatikios, 62, 71
  • Templars, knights, 90, 113, 214, 218, 221
  • Teutonic knights, 127, 214, 218
  • Theobald, archdeacon of Liege, 218
  • Theobald, count of Champagne, 89, 150
  • Theodore Lascaris, 173
  • Thierry, count of Flanders, 95
  • Thoron, siege of, 142
  • Tiberias, battle of, 105
  • Toucush, 18
  • Trebizond, empire of, 173
  • Tristan, 211
  • Truce of God, 30, 47
  • Turan Shah, 212
  • Tyre, conquest of, 84
  • Ugolino [Gregory IX.]
  • Urban II., pope, at Piacenza, 24;
  • at Clermont, 25, 30;
  • death of, 78
  • Urban III., pope, 118
  • Vataces, John, emperor of Nicæa, 178, 179
  • Venice, growth of the power of, 164
  • Victor III., pope, 24
  • Villehardouin, Geoffrey of, 150, 174, 175
  • Vorylas, 175
  • Walter of Brienne, 150
  • Walter the Penniless, 40, 42
  • William Longchamp, bishop of Ely, 138
  • William Longsword, bishop of Salisbury, 201, 209
  • William Longsword, earl of Salisbury, 186
  • William of Melun, 62
  • William of Scotland, 117, 122
  • William of Tyre, 119
  • William the Conqueror, 2, 21
  • William Rufus, 39
  • Zara, expedition to, 153, 155
  • Zenghis, sultan of Aleppo, 85
  • Ziani, doge of Venice, 168