- Agrippa, 65 f., 74.
- Alexander, 108 f.
- Aliso, 89, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.
- Arabia, 106.
- Ariovistus, Chapter IV, n. 8.
- Armenia, 83, 109 f.
- Arminius, 10, 13, 17, 47;
- in literature, Chapter I, n. 38;
- eulogized by Tacitus, 30 ff.
- Augustus: attempt of to subdue Germany, 9 f., 27;
- refutation of this view—summary, 80;
- worship of, Chapter I, n. 11; p. 75;
- opposed to expansion by conquest, 12 f., 57;
- purpose of operations in Germany, 18, 57;
- protection of Gaul and Italy by him a military and political necessity, 18, 63 f., 66;
- character of, 54 f.;
- policy one of peace, 60 ff.;
- influenced by military leaders, 65 f.;
- influenced by political considerations, 67 ff.
- Auxilia, 39, 41.
- Borma, Chapter IV, notes 8 and 22.
- Buffer states: general policy of, 85, 105 ff.;
- historic examples of, 105 ff.
- Caesar, 10, 27 f., 55;
- in Britain and Germany, 106.
- Causarum patroni, 96 ff., Chapter IV, n. 34.
- Commerce in Germany, 92, Chapter IV, n. 15, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.
- Dacia, 107.
- Dio, 21 f., 56, Chapter IV, n. 29;
- p. 99 ff.;
- his description of battle contradicted by Tacitus, 25 f.
- Drusus and Tiberius: campaigns of, 12, Chapter IV, n. 23;
- influence of on Augustus, 65 f.
- Elbe, the, as frontier, 9 f., 11 ff., 65, 75.
- Empires, ancient world, relations of to barbarians, 82 ff.
- Engineering works, 92 ff.
- Ethiopia, 107.
- Fleet, 41, 51, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.
- Flevum, 90.
- Florus, 23 ff., 27 f., 75, 96, 100, Chapter IV, n. 29.
- Forts, Chapter IV, n. 26; p. 110, 104, Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 16.
- Frontiers: Armenia, 83;
- Rhine, 83;
- rivers, Chapter IV, n. 4;
- western, Chapter IV, n. 8.
- Germanicus, campaigns of, 30 f., 50, 53, 104.
- Germans, attacks and provocations of against Rome, 63 f., 102 f.
- Germany, attempted subjugation of, 9 ff., 27 f.;
- anomaly of “conquest”, 77, 89 ff., 94 f.;
- not made a Roman province, Chapter I, n. 11; p. 70 ff.; 76 ff.;
- physical conditions of, 41, 51;
- military forces of, 46, 49 f.;
- military operations in, 87 ff.
- German campaigns, strategy of, 42, 51, 88 f.;
- defensive character of, 102 ff.
- Legions: number of, 36 f., 41;
- composition of, 38 ff., Chapter III, n. 11;
- size of standing army, 41 ff.;
- percentage of population in army, 41;
- size of Rhine army, Chapter IV, n. 54.
- See also Auxilia.
- Maroboduus, 46, 47, 50, 103 f.
- Mauretania, 110.
- Military roads, 92 f.
- Monumentum Ancyranum, Chapter III, n. 67; p. 61 ff., Chapter III, n. 108.
- Mount Taunus, fort, 90, Chapter IV, notes 17 and 36.
- Palestine, 108 ff., Appendix, Chapter IV, n. 49.
- Population: of Roman empire, 39, 41;
- of Germany, 44 f.;
- of Gaul, 47 f.
- Posidonius: on population of Gaul, 47 f.
- Rhine, as frontier, 9 ff., 83 ff.
- Rome: general forces of, 49 f., 50 ff., 54;
- alleged desire for war on part of soldiers and citizens, 67 ff.;
- alleged change of policy toward Germany, 79 f.;
- general frontiers of, 83 ff.;
- diplomacy of in Germany, 85 ff.
- See also Population.
- Saguntum, 109.
- Sources: rhetorical character of, 17, Chapter I, n. 11; p. 22, 24, 34, 96, 101;
- general account of, 21 ff.;
- contradictions between, 24 ff., Chapter IV, n. 29.
- Sparta, 108.
- Tacitus, 21, 24, Chapter III, n. 68;
- contradicted by Dio, 25 f.;
- his eulogy of Arminius, 30;
- criticism of eulogy, 34.
- Teutoburger forest: battle of and consequences, 12 ff., 36 f., 52, 77, 81;
- numbers in battle of, 35 ff.
- See also Varus.
- Tiberius: at Rhodes, Chapter I, n. 11;
- his recall of Germanicus, 33 f., Chapter I, n. 43;
- operations of in Germany, 53, 74 f., 87, 91;
- estrangement from Augustus, 77;
- Character of, 78 f.
- Tribute, 97 ff.
- Varus: defeat of, 9 ff., 58;
- circumstances of defeat, 24 ff., 35 f.;
- relation to Augustus, 75 f.;
- character of, 95, Chapter IV, n. 29;
- conduct and policy of, 96 ff., 102.
- See also Teutoburger forest.
- Velleius, 21 f., 25, 29, 53, 74, 101, Chapter IV, n. 29.
The Defeat of Varus and the German Frontier Policy of Augustus
Explore more books like this:
About This Book
A detailed reappraisal of Rome's response to the Varus disaster and imperial strategy toward Germanic territories, the monograph surveys ancient sources, critiques the prevailing view that Augustus sought to annex lands as far as the Elbe, and argues for a more limited, pragmatic frontier policy. It analyzes campaigns by Drusus and Tiberius, administrative and military adjustments after the defeat, and supports its argument with appendices, source criticism, and bibliography.