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The Dynasts: An Epic-Drama of the War with Napoleon cover

The Dynasts: An Epic-Drama of the War with Napoleon

Chapter 6: ACT FIRST
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About This Book

The drama offers an expansive, pageant-like chronicle of the wars with Napoleon, arranging hundreds of scenes across three parts to present political councils, naval and land engagements, and private episodes. Impersonated Intelligences—chorus-like Spirits such as the Years, the Pities, and Rumour—stand aside as supernatural commentators, imparting reflective and sometimes ironic perspectives. Combining paraphrase of documentary speech with imaginative reconstruction, the piece favors mental performance over practical stagings, aiming to probe themes of fate, collective responsibility, and the human costs of grand geopolitics while keeping a panoramic, episodic structure rather than a tightly unified plot.

ACT FIRST

SCENE I

  ENGLAND. A RIDGE IN WESSEX

    [The time is a fine day in March 1805.  A highway crosses the
    ridge, which is near the sea, and the south coast is seen
    bounding the landscape below, the open Channel extending beyond.]
  SPIRITS OF THE YEARS

       Hark now, and gather how the martial mood
       Stirs England’s humblest hearts.  Anon we’ll trace
       Its heavings in the upper coteries there.
  SPIRIT SINISTER

  Ay; begin small, and so lead up to the greater.  It is a sound
  dramatic principle.  I always aim to follow it in my pestilences,
  fires, famines, and other comedies.  And though, to be sure, I did
  not in my Lisbon earthquake, I did in my French Terror, and my St.
  Domingo burlesque.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       THY Lisbon earthquake, THY French Terror.  Wait.
       Thinking thou will’st, thou dost but indicate.

    [A stage-coach enters, with passengers outside.  Their voices
    after the foregoing sound small and commonplace, as from another
    medium.]
  FIRST PASSENGER

  There seems to be a deal of traffic over Ridgeway, even at this time
  o’ year.
  SECOND PASSENGER

  Yes.  It is because the King and Court are coming down here later
  on.  They wake up this part rarely!... See, now, how the Channel
  and coast open out like a chart.  That patch of mist below us is the
  town we are bound for.  There’s the Isle of Slingers beyond, like a
  floating snail.  That wide bay on the right is where the “Abergavenny,”
   Captain John Wordsworth, was wrecked last month.  One can see half
  across to France up here.
  FIRST PASSENGER

  Half across.  And then another little half, and then all that’s
  behind—the Corsican mischief!
  SECOND PASSENGER

  Yes.  People who live hereabout—I am a native of these parts—feel
  the nearness of France more than they do inland.
  FIRST PASSENGER

  That’s why we have seen so many of these marching regiments on the
  road.  This year his grandest attempt upon us is to be made, I reckon.
  SECOND PASSENGER

  May we be ready!
  FIRST PASSENGER

  Well, we ought to be.  We’ve had alarms enough, God knows.

    [Some companies of infantry are seen ahead, and the coach presently
    overtakes them.]
  SOLDIERS [singing as they walk]

       We be the King’s men, hale and hearty,
       Marching to meet one Buonaparty;
       If he won’t sail, lest the wind should blow,
       We shall have marched for nothing, O!
                              Right fol-lol!

       We be the King’s men, hale and hearty,
       Marching to meet one Buonaparty;
       If he be sea-sick, says “No, no!”
        We shall have marched for nothing, O!
                              Right fol-lol!

    [The soldiers draw aside, and the coach passes on.]
  SECOND PASSENGER

  Is there truth in it that Bonaparte wrote a letter to the King last
  month?
  FIRST PASSENGER

  Yes, sir.  A letter in his own hand, in which he expected the King
  to reply to him in the same manner.
  SOLDIERS [continuing, as they are left behind]

       We be the King’s men, hale and hearty,
       Marching to meet one Buonaparty;
       Never mind, mates; we’ll be merry, though
       We may have marched for nothing, O!
                            Right fol-lol!
  THIRD PASSENGER

  And was Boney’s letter friendly?
  FIRST PASSENGER

  Certainly, sir.  He requested peace with the King.
  THIRD PASSENGER

  And why shouldn’t the King reply in the same manner?
  FIRST PASSENGER

  What!  Encourage this man in an act of shameless presumption, and
  give him the pleasure of considering himself the equal of the King
  of England—whom he actually calls his brother!
  THIRD PASSENGER

  He must be taken for what he is, not for what he was; and if he calls
  King George his brother it doesn’t speak badly for his friendliness.
  FIRST PASSENGER

  Whether or no, the King, rightly enough, did not reply in person,
  but through Lord Mulgrave our Foreign Minister, to the effect that
  his Britannic Majesty cannot give a specific answer till he has
  communicated with the Continental powers.
  THIRD PASSENGER

  Both the manner and the matter of the reply are British; but a huge
  mistake.
  FIRST PASSENGER

  Sir, am I to deem you a friend of Bonaparte, a traitor to your
  country—-
  THIRD PASSENGER

  Damn my wig, sir, if I’ll be called a traitor by you or any Court
  sycophant at all at all!

    [He unpacks a case of pistols.]
  SECOND PASSENGER

  Gentlemen forbear, forbear!  Should such differences be suffered to
  arise on a spot where we may, in less than three months, be fighting
  for our very existence?  This is foolish, I say.  Heaven alone, who
  reads the secrets of this man’s heart, can tell what his meaning and
  intent may be, and if his letter has been answered wisely or no.

    [The coach is stopped to skid the wheel for the descent of the
    hill, and before it starts again a dusty horseman overtakes it.]
  SEVERAL PASSENGERS

  A London messenger!  [To horseman] Any news, sir?  We are from
  Bristol only.
  HORSEMAN

  Yes; much.  We have declared war against Spain, an error giving
  vast delight to France.  Bonaparte says he will date his next
  dispatches from London, and the landing of his army may be daily
  expected.

    [Exit horseman.]
  THIRD PASSENGER

  Sir, I apologize.  He’s not to be trusted!  War is his name, and
  aggression is with him!

    [He repacks the pistols.  A silence follows.  The coach and
    passengers move downwards and disappear towards the coast.]
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       Ill chanced it that the English monarch George
       Did not respond to the said Emperor!
  SPIRIT SINISTER

       I saw good sport therein, and paean’d the Will
       To unimpel so stultifying a move!
       Which would have marred the European broil,
       And sheathed all swords, and silenced every gun
       That riddles human flesh.
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

                 O say no more;
       If aught could gratify the Absolute
       ’Twould verily be thy censure, not thy praise!
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       The ruling was that we should witness things
       And not dispute them.  To the drama, then.
       Emprizes over-Channel are the key
       To this land’s stir and ferment.—Thither we.

    [Clouds gather over the scene, and slowly open elsewhere.]

SCENE II

  PARIS.  OFFICE OF THE MINISTER OF MARINE

    [ADMIRAL DECRÈS seated at a table.  A knock without.]
  DECRÈS

  Come in!  Good news, I hope!

    [An attendant enters.]
  ATTENDANT
  A courier, sir.
  DECRÈS

  Show him in straightway.

    [The attendant goes out.]

       From the Emperor
  As I expected!
  COURIER

       Sir, for your own hand
  And yours alone.
  DECRÈS

       Thanks.  Be in waiting near.

    [The courier withdraws.]
  DECRÈS reads:

  “I am resolved that no wild dream of Ind,
  And what we there might win; or of the West,
  And bold re-conquest there of Surinam
  And other Dutch retreats along those coasts,
  Or British islands nigh, shall draw me now
  From piercing into England through Boulogne
  As lined in my first plan.  If I do strike,
  I strike effectively; to forge which feat
  There’s but one way—planting a mortal wound
  In England’s heart—the very English land—
  Whose insolent and cynical reply
  To my well-based complaint on breach of faith
  Concerning Malta, as at Amiens pledged,
  Has lighted up anew such flames of ire
  As may involve the world.—Now to the case:
  Our naval forces can be all assembled
  Without the foe’s foreknowledge or surmise,
  By these rules following; to whose text I ask
  Your gravest application; and, when conned,
  That steadfastly you stand by word and word,
  Making no question of one jot therein.

  “First, then, let Villeneuve wait a favouring wind
  For process westward swift to Martinique,
  Coaxing the English after.  Join him there
  Gravina, Missiessy, and Ganteaume;
  Which junction once effected all our keels—
  While the pursuers linger in the West
  At hopeless fault.—Having hoodwinked them thus,
  Our boats skim over, disembark the army,
  And in the twinkling of a patriot’s eye
  All London will be ours.

  “In strictest secrecy carve this to shape—
  Let never an admiral or captain scent
  Save Villeneuve and Ganteaume; and pen each charge
  With your own quill.  The surelier to outwit them
  I start for Italy; and there, as ’twere
  Engrossed in fetes and Coronation rites,
  Abide till, at the need, I reach Boulogne,
  And head the enterprize.—NAPOLÉON.”

    [DECRÈS reflects, and turns to write.]
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       He buckles to the work.  First to Villeneuve,
       His onetime companion and his boyhood’s friend,
       Now lingering at Toulon, he jots swift lines,
       The duly to Ganteaume.—They are sealed forthwith,
       And superscribed: “Break not till on the main.”

    [Boisterous singing is heard in the street.]
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       I hear confused and simmering sounds without,
       Like those which thrill the hives at evenfall
       When swarming pends.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

                 They but proclaim the crowd,
       Which sings and shouts its hot enthusiasms
       For this dead-ripe design on England’s shore,
       Till the persuasion of its own plump words,
       Acting upon mercurial temperaments,
       Makes hope as prophecy.  “Our Emperor
       Will show himself [say they] in this exploit
       Unwavering, keen, and irresistible
       As is the lightning prong.  Our vast flotillas
       Have been embodied as by sorcery;
       Soldiers made seamen, and the ports transformed
       To rocking cities casemented with guns.
       Against these valiants balance England’s means:
       Raw merchant-fellows from the counting-house,
       Raw labourers from the fields, who thumb for arms
       Clumsy untempered pikes forged hurriedly,
       And cry them full-equipt.  Their batteries,
       Their flying carriages, their catamarans,
       Shall profit not, and in one summer night
       We’ll find us there!”
  RECORDING ANGEL

             And is this prophecy true?
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       Occasion will reveal.
  SHADE OF EARTH

                 What boots it, Sire,
       To down this dynasty, set that one up,
       Goad panting peoples to the throes thereof,
       Make wither here my fruit, maintain it there,
       And hold me travailling through fineless years
       In vain and objectless monotony,
       When all such tedious conjuring could be shunned
       By uncreation?  Howsoever wise
       The governance of these massed mortalities,
       A juster wisdom his who should have ruled
       They had not been.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

                 Nay, something hidden urged
       The giving matter motion; and these coils
       Are, maybe, good as any.
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       But why any?
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       Sprite of Compassions, ask the Immanent!
       I am but an accessory of Its works,
       Whom the Ages render conscious; and at most
       Figure as bounden witness of Its laws.
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       How ask the aim of unrelaxing Will?
       Tranced in Its purpose to unknowingness?
       [If thy words, Ancient Phantom, token true.]
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       Thou answerest well.  But cease to ask of me.
       Meanwhile the mime proceeds.—We turn herefrom,
       Change our homuncules, and observe forthwith
       How the High Influence sways the English realm,
       And how the jacks lip out their reasonings there.

    [The Cloud-curtain draws.]

SCENE III

  LONDON.  THE OLD HOUSE OF COMMONS

    [A long chamber with a gallery on each side supported by thin
    columns having gilt Ionic capitals.  Three round-headed windows
    are at the further end, above the Speaker’s chair, which is backed
    by a huge pedimented structure in white and gilt, surmounted by the
    lion and the unicorn.  The windows are uncurtained, one being open,
    through which some boughs are seen waving in the midnight gloom
    without.  Wax candles, burnt low, wave and gutter in a brass
    chandelier which hangs from the middle of the ceiling, and in
    branches projecting from the galleries.

    The House is sitting, the benches, which extend round to the
    Speaker’s elbows, being closely packed, and the galleries
    likewise full.  Among the members present on the Government
    side are PITT and other ministers with their supporters,
    including CANNING, CASTLEREAGH, LORD C. SOMERSET, ERSKINE,
    W. DUNDAS, HUSKISSON, ROSE, BEST, ELLIOT, DALLAS, and the
    general body of the party.  On the opposite side are noticeable
    FOX, SHERIDAN, WINDHAM, WHITBREAD, GREY, T. GRENVILLE, TIERNEY,
    EARL TEMPLE, PONSONBY, G. AND H. WALPOLE, DUDLEY NORTH, and
    TIMOTHY SHELLEY.  Speaker ABBOT occupies the Chair.]
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       As prelude to the scene, as means to aid
       Our younger comrades in its construing,
       Pray spread your scripture, and rehearse in brief
       The reasonings here of late—to whose effects
       Words of to-night form sequence.

    [The Recording Angels chant from their books, antiphonally, in a
    minor recitative.]
  ANGEL I [aerial music]

       Feeble-framed dull unresolve, unresourcefulness,
       Sat in the halls of the Kingdom’s high Councillors,
       Whence the grey glooms of a ghost-eyed despondency
       Wanned as with winter the national mind.
  ANGEL II

       England stands forth to the sword of Napoléon
       Nakedly—not an ally in support of her;
       Men and munitions dispersed inexpediently;
       Projects of range and scope poorly defined.
  ANGEL I

       Once more doth Pitt deem the land crying loud to him.—
       Frail though and spent, and an-hungered for restfulness
       Once more responds he, dead fervours to energize,
       Aims to concentre, slack efforts to bind.
  ANGEL II

       Ere the first fruit thereof grow audible,
       Holding as hapless his dream of good guardianship,
       Jestingly, earnestly, shouting it serviceless,
       Tardy, inept, and uncouthly designed.
  ANGELS I AND II

       So now, to-night, in slashing old sentences,
       Hear them speak,—gravely these, those with gay-heartedness,—
       Midst their admonishments little conceiving how
       Scarlet the scroll that the years will unwind!
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES [to the Spirit of the Years]

       Let us put on and suffer for the nonce
       The feverish fleshings of Humanity,
       And join the pale debaters here convened.
       So may thy soul be won to sympathy
       By donning their poor mould.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

                 I’ll humour thee,
       Though my unpassioned essence could not change
       Did I incarn in moulds of all mankind!
  SPIRIT IRONIC

  ’Tis enough to make every little dog in England run to mixen to
  hear this Pitt sung so strenuously!  I’ll be the third of the
  incarnate, on the chance of hearing the tune played the other way.
  SPIRIT SINISTER

  And I the fourth.  There’s sure to be something in my line toward,
  where politicians gathered together!

    [The four Phantoms enter the Gallery of the House in the disguise
    of ordinary strangers.]
  SHERIDAN [rising]

  The Bill I would have leave to introduce
  Is framed, sir, to repeal last Session’s Act,
  By party-scribes intituled a Provision
  For England’s Proper Guard; but elsewhere known
  As Mr. Pitt’s new Patent Parish Pill.  [Laughter.]

  The ministerial countenances, I mark,
  Congeal to dazed surprise at my straight motion—
  Why, passes sane conjecture.  It may be
  That, with a haughty and unwavering faith
  In their own battering-rams of argument,
  They deemed our buoyance whelmed, and sapped, and sunk
  To our hope’s sheer bottom, whence a miracle
  Was all could friend and float us; or, maybe,
  They are amazed at our rude disrespect
  In making mockery of an English Law
  Sprung sacred from the King’s own Premier’s brain!
  —I hear them snort; but let them wince at will,
  My duty must be done; shall be done quickly
  By citing some few facts.

            An Act for our defence!
  It weakens, not defends; and oversea
  Swoln France’s despot and his myrmidons
  This moment know it, and can scoff thereat.
  Our people know it too—those who can peer
  Behind the scenes of this poor painted show
  Called soldiering!—The Act has failed, must fail,
  As my right honourable friend well proved
  When speaking t’other night, whose silencing
  By his right honourable vis a vis  Was of the genuine Governmental sort,
  And like the catamarans their sapience shaped
  All fizzle and no harm.  [Laughter.]  The Act, in brief,
  Effects this much: that the whole force of England
  Is strengthened by—eleven thousand men!
  So sorted that the British infantry
  Are now eight hundred less than heretofore!

  In Ireland, where the glamouring influence
  Of the right honourable gentleman
  Prevails with magic might, ELEVEN men
  Have been amassed.  And in the Cinque-Port towns,
  Where he is held in absolute veneration,
  His method has so quickened martial fire
  As to bring in—one man.  O would that man
  Might meet my sight!  [Laughter.]  A Hercules, no doubt,
  A god-like emanation from this Act,
  Who with his single arm will overthrow
  All Buonaparte’s legions ere their keels
  Have scraped one pebble of our fortless shore!...
  Such is my motion, sir, and such my mind.

  [He sits down amid cheers.  The candle-snuffers go round, and Pitt
  rises.  During the momentary pause before he speaks the House assumes
  an attentive stillness, in which can be heard the rustling of the
  trees without, a horn from an early coach, and the voice of the watch
  crying the hour.]
  PITT

  Not one on this side but appreciates
  Those mental gems and airy pleasantries
  Flashed by the honourable gentleman,
  Who shines in them by birthright.  Each device
  Of drollery he has laboured to outshape,
  [Or treasured up from others who have shaped it,]
  Displays that are the conjurings of the moment,
  [Or mellowed and matured by sleeping on]—
  Dry hoardings in his book of commonplace,
  Stored without stint of toil through days and months—
  He heaps into one mass, and light and fans
  As fuel for his flaming eloquence,
  Mouthed and maintained without a thought or care
  If germane to the theme, or not at all.

  Now vain indeed it were should I assay
  To match him in such sort.  For, sir, alas,
  To use imagination as the ground
  Of chronicle, take myth and merry tale
  As texts for prophecy, is not my gift
  Being but a person primed with simple fact,
  Unprinked by jewelled art.—But to the thing.

  The preparations of the enemy,
  Doggedly bent to desolate our land,
  Advance with a sustained activity.
  They are seen, they are known, by you and by us all.
  But they evince no clear-eyed tentative
  In furtherance of the threat, whose coming off,
  Ay, years may yet postpone; whereby the Act
  Will far outstrip him, and the thousands called
  Duly to join the ranks by its provisions,
  In process sure, if slow, will ratch the lines
  Of English regiments—seasoned, cool, resolved—
  To glorious length and firm prepotency.
  And why, then, should we dream of its repeal
  Ere profiting by its advantages?
  Must the House listen to such wilding words
  As this proposal, at the very hour
  When the Act’s gearing finds its ordered grooves
  And circles into full utility?
  The motion of the honourable gentleman
  Reminds me aptly of a publican
  Who should, when malting, mixing, mashing’s past,
  Fermenting, barrelling, and spigoting,
  Quick taste the brew, and shake his sapient head,
  And cry in acid voice: The ale is new!
  Brew old, you varlets; cast this slop away!  [Cheers.]

  But gravely, sir, I would conclude to-night,
  And, as a serious man on serious things,
  I now speak here.... I pledge myself to this:
  Unprecedented and magnificent
  As were our strivings in the previous war,
  Our efforts in the present shall transcend them,
  As men will learn.  Such efforts are not sized
  By this light measuring-rule my critic here
  Whips from his pocket like a clerk-o’-works!...
  Tasking and toilsome war’s details must be,
  And toilsome, too, must be their criticism,—
  Not in a moment’s stroke extemporized.

  The strange fatality that haunts the times
  Wherein our lot is cast, has no example.
  Times are they fraught with peril, trouble, gloom;
  We have to mark their lourings, and to face them.
  Sir, reading thus the full significance
  Of these big days, large though my lackings be,
  Can any hold of those who know my past
  That I, of all men, slight our safeguarding?
  No: by all honour no!—Were I convinced
  That such could be the mind of members here,
  My sorrowing thereat would doubly shade
  The shade on England now!  So I do trust
  All in the House will take my tendered word,
  And credit my deliverance here to-night,
  That in this vital point of watch and ward
  Against the threatenings from yonder coast
  We stand prepared; and under Providence
  Shall fend whatever hid or open stroke
  A foe may deal.

    [He sits down amid loud ministerial cheers, with symptoms of
    great exhaustion.]
  WINDHAM

  The question that compels the House to-night
  Is not of differences in wit and wit,
  But if for England it be well or no
  To null the new-fledged Act, as one inept
  For setting up with speed and hot effect
  The red machinery of desperate war.—
  Whatever it may do, or not, it stands,
  A statesman’ raw experiment.  If ill,
  Shall more experiments and more be tried
  In stress of jeopardy that stirs demand
  For sureness of proceeding?  Must this House
  Exchange safe action based on practised lines
  For yet more ventures into risks unknown
  To gratify a quaint projector’s whim,
  While enemies hang grinning round our gates
  To profit by mistake?

             My friend who spoke
  Found comedy in the matter.  Comical
  As it may be in parentage and feature,
  Most grave and tragic in its consequence
  This Act may prove.  We are moving thoughtlessly,
  We squander precious, brief, life-saving time
  On idle guess-games.  Fail the measure must,
  Nay, failed it has already; and should rouse
  Resolve in its progenitor himself
  To move for its repeal!  [Cheers.]
  WHITBREAD

  I rise but to subjoin a phrase or two
  To those of my right honourable friend.
  I, too, am one who reads the present pinch
  As passing all our risks heretofore.
  For why?  Our bold and reckless enemy,
  Relaxing not his plans, has treasured time
  To mass his monstrous force on all the coigns
  From which our coast is close assailable.
  Ay, even afloat his concentrations work:
  Two vast united squadrons of his sail
  Move at this moment viewless on the seas.—
  Their whereabouts, untraced, unguessable,
  Will not be known to us till some black blow
  Be dealt by them in some undreamt-of quarter
  To knell our rule.

  That we are reasonably enfenced therefrom
  By such an Act is but a madman’s dream....
  A commonwealth so situate cries aloud
  For more, far mightier, measures!  End an Act
  In Heaven’s name, then, which only can obstruct
  The fabrication of more trusty tackle
  For building up an army!  [Cheers.]
  BATHURST

            Sir, the point
  To any sober mind is bright as noon;
  Whether the Act should have befitting trial
  Or be blasphemed at sight.  I firmly hold
  The latter loud iniquity.—One task
  Is theirs who would inter this corpse-cold Act—
  [So said]—to bring to birth a substitute!
  Sir, they have none; they have given no thought to one,
  And this their deeds incautiously disclose
  Their cloaked intention and most secret aim!
  With them the question is not how to frame
  A finer trick to trounce intrusive foes,
  But who shall be the future ministers
  To whom such trick against intrusive foes,
  Whatever it may prove, shall be entrusted!
  They even ask the country gentlemen
  To join them in this job.  But, God be praised,
  Those gentlemen are sound, and of repute;
  Their names, their attainments, and their blood,
                               [Ironical Opposition cheers.]
  Safeguard them from an onslaught on an Act
  For ends so sinister and palpable!  [Cheers and jeerings.]
  FULLER

  I disapprove of censures of the Act.—
  All who would entertain such hostile thought
  Would swear that black is white, that night is day.
  No honest man will join a reckless crew
  Who’d overthrow their country for their gain!  [Laughter.]
  TIERNEY

  It is incumbent on me to declare
  In the last speaker’s face my censure, based
  On grounds most clear and constitutional.—
  An Act it is that studies to create
  A standing army, large and permanent;
  Which kind of force has ever been beheld
  With jealous-eyed disfavour in this House.
  It makes for sure oppression, binding men
  To serve for less than service proves it worth
  Conditioned by no hampering penalty.
  For these and late-spoke reasons, then, I say,
  Let not the Act deface the statute-book,
  But blot it out forthwith.  [Hear, hear.]
  FOX [rising amid cheers]

            At this late hour,
  After the riddling fire the Act has drawn on’t,
  My words shall hold the House the briefest while.
  Too obvious to the most unwilling mind
  It grows that the existence of this law
  Experience and reflection have condemned.
  Professing to do much, it makes for nothing;
  Not only so; while feeble in effect
  It shows it vicious in its principle.
  Engaging to raise men for the common weal
  It sets a harmful and unequal tax
  Capriciously on our communities.—
  The annals of a century fail to show
  More flagrant cases of oppressiveness
  Than those this statute works to perpetrate,
  Which [like all Bills this favoured statesman frames,
  And clothes with tapestries of rhetoric
  Disguising their real web of commonplace]
  Though held as shaped for English bulwarking,
  Breathes in its heart perversities of party,
  And instincts toward oligarchic power,
  Galling the many to relieve the few!  [Cheers.]

  Whatever breadth and sense of equity
  Inform the methods of this minister,
  Those mitigants nearly always trace their root
  To measures that his predecessors wrought.
  And ere his Government can dare assert
  Superior claim to England’s confidence,
  They owe it to their honour and good name
  To furnish better proof of such a claim
  Than is revealed by the abortiveness
  Of this thing called an Act for our Defence.

  To the great gifts of its artificer
  No member of this House is more disposed
  To yield full recognition than am I.
  No man has found more reason so to do
  Through the long roll of disputatious years
  Wherein we have stood opposed....
  But if one single fact could counsel me
  To entertain a doubt of those great gifts,
  And cancel faith in his capacity,
  That fact would be the vast imprudence shown
  In staking recklessly repute like his
  On such an Act as he has offered us—
  So false in principle, so poor in fruit.
  Sir, the achievements and effects thereof
  Have furnished not one fragile argument
  Which all the partiality of friendship
  Can kindle to consider as the mark
  Of a clear, vigorous, freedom-fostering mind!

    [He sits down amid lengthy cheering from the Opposition.]
  SHERIDAN

  My summary shall be brief, and to the point.—
  The said right honourable Prime Minister
  Has thought it proper to declare my speech
  The jesting of an irresponsible;—
  Words from a person who has never read
  The Act he claims him urgent to repeal.
  Such quips and qizzings [as he reckons them]
  He implicates as gathered from long hoards
  Stored up with cruel care, to be discharged
  With sudden blaze of pyrotechnic art
  On the devoted, gentle, shrinking head
  O’ the right incomparable gentleman!  [Laughter.]
  But were my humble, solemn, sad oration  [Laughter.]
  Indeed such rattle as he rated it,
  Is it not strange, and passing precedent,
  That the illustrious chief of Government
  Should have uprisen with such indecent speed
  And strenuously replied?  He, sir, knows well
  That vast and luminous talents like his own
  Could not have been demanded to choke off
  A witcraft marked by nothing more of weight
  Than ignorant irregularity!
  Nec Deus intersit—and so-and-so—
  Is a well-worn citation whose close fit
  None will perceive more clearly in the Fane
  Than its presiding Deity opposite.  [Laughter.]
  His thunderous answer thus perforce condemns him!

  Moreover, to top all, the while replying,
  He still thought best to leave intact the reasons
  On which my blame was founded!
                          Thus, them, stands
  My motion unimpaired, convicting clearly
  Of dire perversion that capacity
  We formerly admired.—  [Cries of “Oh, oh.”]
                            This minister
  Whose circumventions never circumvent,
  Whose coalitions fail to coalesce;
  This dab at secret treaties known to all,
  This darling of the aristocracy—

  [Laughter, “Oh, oh,” cheers, and cries of “Divide.”]

  Has brought the millions to the verge of ruin,
  By pledging them to Continental quarrels
  Of which we see no end!  [Cheers.]

    [The members rise to divide.]
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       It irks me that they thus should Yea and Nay
       As though a power lay in their oraclings,
       If each decision work unconsciously,
       And would be operant though unloosened were
       A single lip!
  SPIRIT OF RUMOUR

                  There may react on things
       Some influence from these, indefinitely,
       And even on That, whose outcome we all are.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       Hypotheses!—More boots it to remind
       The younger here of our ethereal band
       And hierarchy of Intelligences,
       That this thwart Parliament whose moods we watch—
       So insular, empiric, un-ideal—
       May figure forth in sharp and salient lines
       To retrospective eyes of afterdays,
       And print its legend large on History.
       For one cause—if I read the signs aright—
       To-night’s appearance of its Minister
       In the assembly of his long-time sway
       Is near his last, and themes to-night launched forth
       Will take a tincture from that memory,
       When me recall the scene and circumstance
       That hung about his pleadings.—But no more;
       The ritual of each party is rehearsed,
       Dislodging not one vote or prejudice;
       The ministers their ministries retain,
       And Ins as Ins, and Outs as Outs, remain.
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       Meanwhile what of the Foeman’s vast array
       That wakes these tones?
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

                 Abide the event, young Shade:
       Soon stars will shut and show a spring-eyed dawn,
       And sunbeams fountain forth, that will arouse
       Those forming bands to full activity.

    [An honourable member reports that he spies strangers.]

       A timely token that we dally here!
       We now cast off these mortal manacles,
       And speed us seaward.

    [The Phantoms vanish from the Gallery.  The members file out
    to the lobbies.  The House and Westminster recede into the
    films of night, and the point of observation shifts rapidly
    across the Channel.]

SCENE IV

  THE HARBOUR OF BOULOGNE

    [The morning breaks, radiant with early sunlight.  The French
    Army of Invasion is disclosed.  On the hills on either side
    of the town and behind appear large military camps formed of
    timber huts.  Lower down are other camps of more or less
    permanent kind, the whole affording accommodation for one
    hundred and fifty thousand men.

    South of the town is an extensive basin surrounded by quays,
    the heaps of fresh soil around showing it to be a recent
    excavation from the banks of the Liane.  The basin is crowded
    with the flotilla, consisting of hundreds of vessels of sundry
    kinds: flat-bottomed brigs with guns and two masts; boats of
    one mast, carrying each an artillery waggon, two guns, and a
    two-stalled horse-box; transports with three low masts; and
    long narrow pinnaces arranged for many oars.

    Timber, saw-mills, and new-cut planks spread in profusion
    around, and many of the town residences are seen to be adapted
    for warehouses and infirmaries.]
  DUMB SHOW

  Moving in this scene are countless companies of soldiery, engaged
  in a drill practice of embarking and disembarking, and of hoisting
  horses into the vessels and landing them again.  Vehicles bearing
  provisions of many sorts load and unload before the temporary
  warehouses.  Further off, on the open land, bodies of troops are at
  field-drill.  Other bodies of soldiers, half stripped and encrusted
  with mud, are labouring as navvies in repairing the excavations.

  An English squadron of about twenty sail, comprising a ship or two of
  the line, frigates, brigs, and luggers, confronts the busy spectacle
  from the sea.

  The Show presently dims and becomes broken, till only its flashes and
  gleams are visible.  Anon a curtain of cloud closes over it.

SCENE V

  LONDON.  THE HOUSE OF A LADY OF QUALITY

    [A fashionable crowd is present at an evening party, which
    includes the DUKES of BEAUFORT and RUTLAND, LORDS MALMESBURY,
    HARROWBY, ELDON, GRENVILLE, CASTLEREAGH, SIDMOUTH, and MULGRAVE,
    with their ladies; also CANNING, PERCEVAL, TOWNSHEND, LADY
    ANNE HAMILTON, MRS. DAMER, LADY CAROLINE LAMB, and many other
    notables.]
  A GENTLEMAN [offering his snuff-box]

  So, then, the Treaty anxiously concerted
  Between ourselves and frosty Muscovy
  Is duly signed?
  A CABINET MINISTER

            Was signed a few days back,
  And is in force.  And we do firmly hope
  The loud pretensions and the stunning dins
  Now daily heard, these laudable exertions
  May keep in curb; that ere our greening land
  Darken its leaves beneath  the Dogday suns,
  The independence of the Continent
  May be assured, and all the rumpled flags
  Of famous dynasties so foully mauled,
  Extend their honoured hues as heretofore.
  GENTLEMAN

  So be it.  Yet this man is a volcano;
  And proven ’tis, by God, volcanos choked
  Have ere now turned to earthquakes!
  LADY

            What the news?—
  The chequerboard of diplomatic moves
  Is London, all the world knows: here are born
  All inspirations of the Continent—
  So tell!

  GENTLEMAN

       Ay.  Inspirations now abound!
  LADY

  Nay, but your looks are grave!  That measured speech
  Betokened matter that will waken us.—
  Is it some piquant cruelty of his?
  Or other tickling horror from abroad
  The packet has brought in?
  GENTLEMAN

       The treaty’s signed!
  MINISTER

  Whereby the parties mutually agree
  To knit in union and in general league
  All outraged Europe.
  LADY

            So to knit sounds well;
  But how ensure its not unravelling?
  MINISTER

  Well; by the terms.  There are among them these:
  Five hundred thousand active men in arms
  Shall strike [supported by the Britannic aid
  In vessels, men, and money subsidies]
  To free North Germany and Hanover
  From trampling foes; deliver Switzerland,
  Unbind the galled republic of the Dutch,
  Rethrone in Piedmont the Sardinian King,
  Make Naples sword-proof, un-French Italy
  From shore to shore; and thoroughly guarantee
  A settled order to the divers states;
  Thus rearing breachless barriers in each realm
  Against the thrust of his usurping hand.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       They trow not what is shaping otherwhere
       The while they talk this stoutly!
  SPIRIT OF RUMOUR

            Bid me go
       And join them, and all blandly kindle them
       By bringing, ere material transit can,
       A new surprise!
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

            Yea, for a moment, wouldst.

    [The Spirit of Rumour enters the apartment in the form of a
    personage of fashion, newly arrived.  He advances and addresses
    the group.]
  SPIRIT

       The Treaty moves all tongues to-night.—Ha, well—
       So much on paper!
  GENTLEMAN

            What on land and sea?
  You look, old friend, full primed with latest thence.
  SPIRIT

       Yea, this.  The Italy our mighty pact
       Delivers from the French and Bonaparte
       Makes haste to crown him!—Turning from Boulogne
       He speeds toward Milan, there to glory him
       In second coronation by the Pope,
       And set upon his irrepressible brow
       Lombardy’s iron crown.

    [The Spirit of Rumour mingles with the throng, moves away, and
    disappears.]
  LADY

       Fair Italy,
  Alas, alas!
  LORD

            Yet thereby English folk
  Are freed him.—Faith, as ancient people say,
  It’s an ill wind that blows good luck to none!
  MINISTER

  Who is your friend that drops so airily
  This precious pinch of salt on our raw skin?
  GENTLEMAN

  Why, Norton.  You know Norton well enough?
  MINISTER

  Nay, ’twas not he.  Norton of course I know.
  I thought him Stewart for a moment, but—-
  LADY

  But I well scanned him—’twas Lord Abercorn;
  For, said I to myself, “O quaint old beau,
  To sleep in black silk sheets so funnily:—
  That is, if the town rumour on’t be true.”
  LORD

  My wig, ma’am, no!  ’Twas a much younger man.
  GENTLEMAN

  But let me call him!  Monstrous silly this,
  That don’t know my friends!

    [They look around.  The gentleman goes among the surging and
    babbling guests, makes inquiries, and returns with a perplexed
    look.]
  GENTLEMAN

            They tell me, sure,
  That he’s not here to-night!
  MINISTER

            I can well swear
  It was not Norton.—’Twas some lively buck,
  Who chose to put himself in masquerade
  And enter for a whim.  I’ll tell our host.
  —Meantime the absurdity of his report
  Is more than manifested.  How knows he
  The plans of Bonaparte by lightning-flight,
  Before another man in England knows?
  LADY

  Something uncanny’s in it all, if true.
  Good Lord, the thought gives me a sudden sweat,
  That fairly makes my linen stick to me!
  MINISTER

  Ha-ha!  ’Tis excellent.  But we’ll find out
  Who this impostor was.

    [They disperse, look furtively for the stranger, and speak of
    the incident to others of the crowded company.]
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

            Now let us vision onward, till we sight
            Famed Milan’s aisles of marble, sun-alight,
       And there behold, unbid, the Coronation-rite.

    [The confused tongues of the assembly waste away into distance,
    till they are heard but as the babblings of the sea from a
    high cliff, the scene becoming small and indistinct therewith.
    This passes into silence, and the whole disappears.]

SCENE VI

  MILAN. THE CATHEDRAL

    [The interior of the building on a sunny May day.

    The walls, arched, and columns are draped in silk fringed with
    gold.  A gilded throne stand in front of the High Altar.  A
    closely packed assemblage, attired in every variety of rich
    fabric and fashion, waits in breathless expectation.]
  DUMB SHOW

  From a private corridor leading to a door in the aisle the EMPRESS
  JOSÉPHINE enters, in a shining costume, and diamonds that collect
  rainbow-colours from the sunlight piercing the clerestory windows.
  She is preceded by PRINCESS ELIZA, and surrounded by her ladies.
  A pause follows, and then comes the procession of the EMPEROR,
  consisting of hussars, heralds, pages, aides-de-camp, presidents
  of institutions, officers of the state bearing the insignia of the
  Empire and of Italy, and seven ladies with offerings.  The Emperor
  himself in royal robes, wearing the Imperial crown, and carrying the
  sceptre.  He is followed my ministers and officials of the household.
  His gait is rather defiant than dignified, and a bluish pallor
  overspreads his face.

  He is met by the Cardinal Archbishop of CAPRARA and the clergy, who
  burn incense before him as he proceeds towards  the throne.  Rolling
  notes of music burn forth, and loud applause from the congregation.
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       What is the creed that these rich rites disclose?
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       A local cult, called Christianity,
       Which the wild dramas of the wheeling spheres
       Include, with divers other such, in dim
       Pathetical and brief parentheses,
       Beyond whose span, uninfluenced, unconcerned,
       The systems of the suns go sweeping on
       With all their many-mortaled planet train
       In mathematic roll unceasingly.
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       I did not recognize it here, forsooth;
       Though in its early, lovingkindly days
       Of gracious purpose it was much to me.
  ARCHBISHOP [addressing Bonaparte]

  Sire, with that clemency and right goodwill
  Which beautify Imperial Majesty,
  You deigned acceptance of the homages
  That we the clergy and the Milanese
  Were proud to offer when your entrance here
  Streamed radiance on our ancient capital.
  Please, then, to consummate the boon to-day
  Beneath this holy roof, so soon to thrill
  With solemn strains and lifting harmonies
  Befitting such a coronation hour;
  And bend a tender fatherly regard
  On this assembly, now at one with me
  To supplicate the Author of All Good
  That He endow your most Imperial person
  With every Heavenly gift.
    [The procession advances, and the EMPEROR seats himself on the
    throne, with the banners and regalia of the Empire on his right,
    and those of Italy on his left hand.  Shouts and triumphal music
    accompany the proceedings, after which Divine service commences.]
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       Thus are the self-styled servants of the Highest
       Constrained by earthly duress to embrace
       Mighty imperiousness as it were choice,
       And hand the Italian sceptre unto one
       Who, with a saturnine, sour-humoured grin,
       Professed at first to flout antiquity,
       Scorn limp conventions, smile at mouldy thrones,
       And level dynasts down to journeymen!—
       Yet he, advancing swiftly on that track
       Whereby his active soul, fair Freedom’s child
       Makes strange decline, now labours to achieve
       The thing it overthrew.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       Thou reasonest ever thuswise—even if
       A self-formed force had urged his loud career.
  SPIRIT SINISTER

       Do not the prelate’s accents falter thin,
       His lips with inheld laughter grow deformed,
       While blessing one whose aim is but to win
       The golden seats that other b—-s have warmed?
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       Soft, jester; scorn not puppetry so skilled,
       Even made to feel by one men call the Dame.
  SHADE OF THE EARTH

       Yea; that they feel, and puppetry remain,
       Is an owned flaw in her consistency
       Men love to dub Dame Nature—that lay-shape
       They use to hang phenomena upon—
       Whose deftest mothering in fairest sphere
       Is girt about by terms inexorable!
  SPIRIT SINISTER

  The lady’s remark is apposite, and reminds me that I may as well
  hold my tongue as desired.  For if my casual scorn, Father Years,
  should set thee trying to prove that there is any right or reason
  in the Universe, thou wilt not accomplish it by Doomsday!  Small
  blame to her, however; she must cut her coat according to her
  cloth, as they would say below there.
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       O would that I could move It to enchain thee,
       And shut thee up a thousand years!—[to cite
       A grim terrestrial tale of one thy like]
       Thou Iago of the Incorporeal World,
       “As they would say below there.”
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

                 Would thou couldst!
       But move That scoped above percipience, Sire,
       It cannot be!
  SHADE OF THE EARTH

       The spectacle proceeds.
  SPIRIT SINISTER

  And we may as well give all attention thereto, for the evils at
  work in other continents are not worth eyesight by comparison.

    [The ceremonial in the Cathedral continues.  NAPOLÉON goes to
    the front of the altar, ascends the steps, and, taking up the
    crown of Lombardy, places it on his head.]
  NAPOLÉON

  ’Tis God has given it to me.  So be it.
  Let any who shall touch it now beware!  [Reverberations of applause.]

    [The Sacrament of the Mass.  NAPOLÉON reads the Coronation Oath in
    a loud voice.]
  HERALDS

  Give ear!  Napoléon, Emperor of the French
  And King of Italy, is crowned and throned!
  CONGREGATION

  Long live the Emperor and King.  Huzza!

    [Music.  The Te Deum.]
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       That vulgar stroke of vauntery he displayed
       In planting on his brow the Lombard crown,
       Means sheer erasure of the Luneville pacts,
       And lets confusion loose on Europe’s peace
       For many an undawned year!  From this rash hour
       Austria but waits her opportunity
       By secret swellings of her armaments
       To link her to his foes.—I’ll speak to him.

    [He throws a whisper into NAPOLÉON’S ear.]

                 Lieutenant Bonaparte,
       Would it not seemlier be to shut thy heart
       To these unhealthy splendours?—helmet thee
       For her thou swar’st-to first, fair Liberty?
  NAPOLÉON

  Who spoke to me?
  ARCHBISHOP

       Not I, Sire.  Not a soul.
  NAPOLÉON

  Dear Joséphine, my queen, didst call my name?
  JOSÉPHINE

  I spoke not, Sire.
  NAPOLÉON

            Thou didst not, tender spouse;
       I know it.  Such harsh utterance was not thine.
       It was aggressive Fancy, working spells
       Upon a mind o’erwrought!

    [The service closes.  The clergy advance with the canopy to the
    foot of the throne, and the procession forms to return to the
    Palace.]
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

                 Officious sprite,
       Thou art young, and dost not heed the Cause of things
       Which some of us have inkled to thee here;
       Else wouldst thou not have hailed the Emperor,
       Whose acts do but outshape Its governing.
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       I feel, Sire, as I must!  This tale of Will
       And Life’s impulsion by Incognizance
       I cannot take!
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

                 Let me then once again
       Show to thy sceptic eye the very streams
       And currents of this all-inhering Power,
       And bring conclusion to thy unbelief.

    [The scene assumes the preternatural transparency before mentioned,
    and there is again beheld as it were the interior of a brain which
    seems to manifest the volitions of a Universal Will, of whose
    tissues the personages of the action form portion.]
  SPIRIT OF THE PITIES

       Enough.  And yet for very sorriness
       I cannot own the weird phantasma real!
  SPIRIT OF THE YEARS

       Affection ever was illogical.
  SPIRIT IRONIC [aside]

  How should the Sprite own to such logic—a mere juvenile— who only
  came into being in what the earthlings call their Tertiary Age!

    [The scene changes.  The exterior of the Cathedral takes the place
    of the interior, and the point of view recedes, the whole fabric
    smalling into distance and becoming like a rare, delicately carved
    alabaster ornament.  The city itself sinks to miniature, the Alps
    show afar as a white corrugation, the Adriatic and the Gulf of
    Genoa appear on this and on that hand, with Italy between them,
    till clouds cover the panorama.]