The Early History of the Scottish Union Question / Bi-Centenary Edition

James Douglas, 4th Duke of Hamilton.

Queensberry, who was Lord High Commissioner, had been instructed to ask for supplies for eight months, but to take less if they were refused. If the supplies were voted, he was authorised to give the royal assent to a subsidy in aid of any branch of Scottish trade which was consistent with the treaty obligations of the Crown; but if the Parliament wished to vote money for the African and Indian Company, it must be applied only to making good the losses which had been sustained at Darien. If an Act was passed confirming the privileges of the Darien colony, the royal assent was to be at once refused.[129]

The Opposition, led by Hamilton, desired to pass an Act asserting the right of Scotland to the settlement at Darien, which was the favourite scheme of the country, and which the Estates had lately been told from the pulpit was “that great, laudable, and glorious design and undertaking of the nation, for the advancement of foreign trade, which if it be altogether crushed, Scotland is never like to enjoy such a fair opportunity again, for promoting her outward wealth and welfare.”[130] The Government, on the other hand, moved an address to the king praying him to vindicate the honour of Scotland, and to extend his protection to the Company.

There was a long and fierce debate. Some of those on whom the ministers had relied followed Hamilton, and others declined to vote. But the Government had a majority of twenty-four; and the session ended quietly on the 1st of February 1701.

In Scotland the losses at Darien had brought to a climax the long-standing feud on the subject of commerce. The discontent and annoyance which had been growing ever since the Navigation Act was passed, had now developed into a most violent exasperation against England and every thing that was English. Yet the temperament of the Scottish people was such that these feelings did not lead them into plots against the English Government. They seem to have felt at once that the greater the obstacles which the jealousy of their neighbour might put in their way, the greater was the need for energy and self-help on their own part. Instead of sinking into apathy and indolence, or allowing their hatred of England to drive them into violence, they became more active than ever in forming plans for bringing solid material prosperity to their country. The air was full of projects; and soon these projects took a definite shape. All Scotland was to became one great trading company. The subscribers to the African Company were to be repaid in full. A sum of money greater than that which had been lost was to be raised within two years. In spite of English opposition, colonies were to be founded by Scotsmen. At home manufactories were to be established all over the country. The fisheries of Scotland were to be pursued “to greater profit in all the markets of Europe than any other fishing company in Christendom can do.” Employment was to be found for the poor, “so that in two years time there shall not be one beggar seen in all the kingdom.”

It was in the midst of this patriotic ferment that Hamilton, Tweeddale, Rothes, Roxburghe, and Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun formed that independent or national party which, calling itself the Country Party, was destined, during the next few years, to pursue a course which ultimately forced England into uniting with Scotland. This party had its origin in the assertion of the right of Scotland to free trade at home and abroad; and the keynote of its policy was that Scotland should refuse to settle the succession to the Scottish Crown until her grievances were redressed. But with the death of William and the accession of Anne, Scottish politics entered upon a new phase; and here the early history of the Union question naturally ends.

Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun.

In the first year of Queen Anne, commissioners were appointed to treat for an Union. They met at Westminster in October 1702, and agreed that the two countries should become one monarchy, with one Parliament, and a system of internal free trade. The English consented, though reluctantly, to allow the Scots to trade with the colonies; but on the subject of the Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and the Indies no agreement was found to be possible. The English commissioners maintained that the privileges of the Scottish Company interfered with the interests of the East India Company: “Two companies existing together in the same kingdom, and carrying on the same traffic, are destructive to trade.” To this the Scottish commissioners replied by a claim for compensation, if the Scottish Company, whose losses in the Darien expedition had been so disastrous, was abolished. “If,” they said, “the existing of companies for carrying on the same traffic, do appear to your Lordships destructive of trade; it is not expected that your Lordships will insist, that, therefore, the privileges of the Scots Company should be abandoned, without offering at the same time to purchase their right at the public expense.” This brought matters to a deadlock; the commissioners separated; and the negotiations were ultimately abandoned.

Defoe describes these proceedings as a “Sham Treaty,” and, in his opinion, religion was the real, though secret, difficulty. “The jealousies,” he says, “on both sides about Church affairs, in respect to the Union, were ground of such difficulties as no Body could surmount, and lay as a Secret Mine, with which that Party who designed to keep the nation divided, were sure to blow it up at last, and therefore knew that all they did till that Point was discust signified nothing, and that whenever they pleased to put an end to it, they had an immediate opportunity.”

But even if the commissioners had come to terms on the questions of the Scottish Trading Company and of the Church, there can be no doubt that the Scottish Estates would not have ratified the treaty; for, as the proceedings of the first Parliament of Queen Anne proved, Scotland was now so exasperated against England that nearly five years of turmoil and danger were to pass away before the statesmen of the two countries, brought face to face with something more than the possibility of civil war, at last succeeded in carrying the Union of 1707, in the terms of which, apart from the loss of the right of complete self-government through their own Parliament, the advantages lay, upon the whole, with the Scottish people.

THE END.

Index

Abbotsford Club Miscellany, Satire against Scotland in, 58.
Aberdeen, progress of, during the Commonwealth, 110;
cannot support a branch of the Bank of Scotland, 177.
Aberdeen, first Earl of, 139.
Albon, Jacques d’, Marshal of France, 24.
Annandale, rabbling in, 163.
Anne, Queen, accession of, 183.
Aragon, 81.
Argyll, Lord Justice of Scotland, 37;
Earl of, a Lord of the Council, 40;
Marquis of, opposes Cromwell, 97;
endeavours to secure return of Scotsmen to Parliament, 1656, 105;
represents Aberdeenshire in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105;
Duke of, 178.
Argyllshire, representation of, in 1658, 105.
Arran, James, third Earl of, marriage to Elizabeth proposed, 27, 40, 41;
leaves France, 30;
Elizabeth declines to marry, 44;
a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Assembly, The, a Comedy, 169.
Assembly, General, dissolved during the Commonwealth, 114.
Athole, Duke of, remains neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Aubespine, Claude de l’, Secretary of State, 24.
Ayr, fort built at, 107.
Babington Conspiracy, 49.
Bacon, supports the Union, 60, 61, 62;
on the Union Commission, 64;
opposes assimilation of laws of England and Scotland, 70;
his description of the Union Commissioners of 1604, 69;
assists Sir Thomas Hamilton to adjust the Treaty, 71;
his speech for the Union, 78-81;
his argument for the post-nati, 86.
Baillie, Rev. Robert, deplores the Union, 99, 100;
account of Scotland during the Commonwealth, 119;
his intolerance, 117;
account of Lord Broghill, 107.
Baliol, reign of, 11.
Band Anent the Trew Religioun, 1585, 47.
Bank of Scotland, 176.
Bannockburn, 15.
Barbadoes, trade with Glasgow, 109.
Barebones’ Parliament, representation of Scotland in, 101.
Basilikon Doron, 52, 59.
Berkeley, Bishop, 88.
Berwick, not to be molested by Scots, 24;
Sir Ralph Sadler at, 30;
Convention at, 36, 37;
Treaty of, 37;
goods from Scotland must pass through, 131.
Bettancourt, Monsieur de, 25.
Binning, Rev. Hugh, 113.
Blackstone, cited, 127.
Bothwell, Earl of, doubtful at Reformation, 40.
Boyd, Lord, a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Boyle, Roger (Lord Broghill), President of the Scottish Council, 106, 107.
Bretaigne, Sir John de, Warden of Scotland, 13.
Bridgeman, Lord Keeper, 137.
Broghill, Lord, 106, 107.
Bruce, Robert, 15, 35.
Buchan, Earl of, at Parliament of Westminster, 12.
Buchanan, George, 60.
Buckingham, Duke of, 137.
Burnet, Bishop, account of Cromwell’s soldiers at Aberdeen, 107;
of state of Scotland during the Commonwealth, 107, 120.
Bute, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Caithness, Earl of, is neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Calais, 36.
Calvin v. Smith (case of the post-nati), 86.
Cambray, Treaty of, 23, 24.
Cameronians, 153.
Carlisle, goods from Scotland must pass through, 131.
Carlyle, Thomas, cited, 121.
Carstares, Principal, 177, 178, 179.
Carthusians, Monastery of, at Perth, 26.
Cassillis, Earl of, in Cromwell’s House of Lords, 121.
Cassillis, Lord, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Castile, 81.
Cecil, encourages marriage of Elizabeth and Arran, 27;
in favour of sending troops to Scotland, 28, 29, 30;
persuades Elizabeth to send an army to Scotland, 35.
Charles I., Scottish policy of, 93;
engagement for the relief of, 112.
Charles II., signs the Covenants, 94, 95;
favourable to Union at first, 125.
Chatelherault, Duke of, 27, 30.
Chien, Sir Reynaud de, 13.
Christian Love, treatise on, by Rev. Hugh Binning, 113.
Clackmannan, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Clarendon, Earl of, opposes Lauderdale, 128;
in favour of Union, 123.
Clyde, during the Commonwealth, 109, 110.
Coke, Sir Edward, cited, 70;
in favour of Union, 81.
Collingham, Prior of, 40.
Confession of Faith, of 1560, 89, 90;
Westminster, 151, 152, 157.
Congregation, Lords of the, 25, 26.
Cork, Earl of, 106.
Country Party, rise of, in Scotland, 182.
Craig, Sir Thomas, 66.
Craigmillar, Castle burned, 17.
Cranbourne, Lord, 59.
Crichton, Lord, is neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Cromwell, Oliver, victorious at Dunbar and Worcester, 95, 96;
dissolves the Long Parliament, 101;
becomes Lord Protector, 102;
meeting of his first Parliament, 104;
his opinion of the Scots, 116, 121;
intends to found a College of Physicians for Scotland, 118;
his House of Lords, 121;
the Union under, 135, et seq.;
his forts in Scotland demolished after the Restoration, 124.
Cromwell, Richard, representatives of Scotland in his Parliament, 105.
Cumberland, duties on horses coming from Scotland, 130.
Cupar, Abbot of, at Parliament of Westminster, 12.
Dalkeith, delegates discuss Union at, during the Commonwealth, 98, 99, 100.
Dalrymple, Sir John (first Earl of Stair), 148.
Darien, 172, 173, 180, 181.
Darnley, 46.
Dartmouth, Lord, cited, 137.
Dauphin, marriage to Mary of Scotland, 21, 22;
proclaims himself and Mary, King and Queen of Scotland, 23;
gives up using Arms of England, 38.
David, King of Scotland, 14.
Debateable Ground, The, 19.
Defoe, Daniel, 120, 133, 184.
Drummond, Lord, is neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Dryburgh, Abbey destroyed, 17.
Dudley (Earl of Leicester), 43.
Dumbartonshire, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Dunbar, battle of, 95, 96, 112.
Dundas, of Dundas, 100.
Dundee, progress of, during the Commonwealth, 110;
storming of, 97;
no bank at, 177.
Dunfermline, Earl of, 65, 66.
Dunkeld, Bishop of, at Parliament of Westminster, 12.
Dutch, Navigation Act directed against, 127.
East India Company, 87, 183.
Edinburgh, burned by the English, 16, 17;
Treaty of, 38, 39;
taken by Cromwell, 96;
Union proclaimed at, 98, 103;
grant to University of, 118;
Monro, Principal of University of, 160.
Edward I., 10, 11, 12, 14, 35.
Edward VI., 17.
Edward, Prince, 10.
Edwards, Thomas, author of the Gangræna, 117.
Ellesmere, Lord Chancellor, 64, 86.
Elizabeth, Queen, agrees to send troops to Scotland, 35;
marriage to Arran proposed, 40, 41, 44;
to Dudley, 44.
Elizabeth, Princess of Scotland, 55.
Elphinstone, James (Lord Balmerino), 66.
England, attempted Union to Scotland in the reign of Edward I., 11;
treatment of Scotsmen in, 14;
Scottish hatred to, 17;
Crown of, claimed by Mary and the Dauphin, 23;
James VI. of Scotland well received in, 57;
conduct of Scotsmen passing through, 75;
Bacon on the future greatness of, 81;
Reformation in, 87, 88;
revenue of, during the Commonwealth, 110;
Bills for uniting with Scotland in 1659, 118, 121;
Scottish Church question misunderstood in, 144;
alarm in, produced by writings of Scottish Episcopalians, 165, et seq.;
relations with Scotland in the reign of William III., 173, et seq.
Errol, Earl of, 40.
Evelyn, John, Diary cited, 159.
False Brother, The, 143.
Five Mile Act, 145.
Fleming, Lord, doubtful at the Reformation, 40.
Fletcher, of Saltoun, 99, 107, 177, 182.
Flodden, battle of, 15, 35.
Florence, 81.
France, relations with Scotland, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29;
trade with Glasgow, 109.
Francis II., death of, 44.
Fotheringay, 45.
Froude, Mr., cited, 23, 28, 41.
Fyvie, Lord, 65.
Gillespie, Patrick, 117, 118.
Glasgow, opposition to Union during the Commonwealth, 98, 100, 119;
fort built at, 107;
trade of, 109, 110, 177;
University of, 118.
Glencairn, fifth Earl of, a Lord of the Congregation, 40;
ninth Earl of, rising under in the Highlands, 97.
Gordon, Sir George, of Haddo, 139.
Grey, Lord, Warden of the East Marches, 35.
Guise, Duke of, 47.
Guise, Mary of, 20, et seq.
Gunpowder Plot, 75.
Gurdon, Sir Adam de, at the Parliament of Westminster, 12.
Haddington, Earl of, see Hamilton.
Halifax, Lord, 174.
Hamilton, Duke of, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182.
Hamilton, Sir Thomas (first Earl of Haddington), 56;
on Union Commission, 66, 71.
Hamilton Papers, 40.
Harleian Miscellany, 143.
Henry VII., 15.
Henry VIII., Scottish policy of, 17;
proposes marriage of Prince of Wales and Mary of Scotland, 15.
Henry, Prince (son of James VI. of Scotland), 52.
Henry, of France, naturalises Scotsmen in France, 22;
sends M. de Bettancourt to Edinburgh, 25;
death of, 28.
Henry, of Navarre, 47.
Heriot, George, 56, 96.
Hill Men, 153.
Holyrood, Mary of Scotland at, 46;
dismantled, 55;
turned into barracks, 96;
Abbot of, doubtful at the Reformation, 40.
Hume, Lord, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Huntly, Earl of, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Inchmartyn, Sir John de, at the Parliament of Westminster, 12.
Inverlochy, Castle of, repaired, 107.
Inverness, fort built at, 107.
Inverness-shire, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Ireland, trade with Glasgow, 109;
Lord Justice of Scotland to assist Lord Lieutenant of, 37.
James IV. of Scotland, 15.
James VI. of Scotland, asked to join the Holy League, 47;
agrees to send troops into England, 48;
conduct at death of his mother, 50, 51;
leaves Scotland, 53, et seq.;
how received in England, 57;
announces the Union of England and Scotland, 59;
summons a Parliament in Scotland to discuss the Union, 63;
recommends the Union to the English Parliament, 63, 64;
remonstrances with the English Parliament, 81, 82;
insists on his right to issue letters of denization, 73;
thanks the Union Commissioners, 74;
his Basilikon Doron, 52;
his opinions as to the Heritable Jurisdiction, 70, 71;
his dislike to the Presbyterian Church, 90, 91.
James II. of England, addressed by Scottish Bishops, 154.
Jersey, Lord, 137.
Jewel, letter to Peter Martyr, quoted, 41.
Johnston, Sir Archibald, of Warriston, 99, 121.
Kethe, Sir Robert de, at the Parliament of Westminster, 12.
Kirkpatrick, rabbling at, 163.
Kirkton, Rev. James, 119, 120.
Knox, John, comes to Scotland from Geneva, 26.
Lambert, 97.
Laud, Archbishop, 93.
Lauderdale, Duke of, against continuing the Union after the Restoration, 123, 124;
changes his views as to the Union, 138;
quarrels with Tweeddale, 140.
his advice as to the Church of Scotland not followed, 124, 125;
Lauriston, Sir Alexander Straton of, 74.
Law, Rev. Robert, his Memorialls, 120.
Leighton, Bishop, 117.
Leith, burned, 16, 17;
Mary of Guise and French troops in, 30, 31;
siege of, 38;
fort at, 107;
progress of, 110.
Leven, Lord, 178.
Lindsay, Master of, a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Linlithgow, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Livingstone, Lord, remains neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Lockhart, Sir William, on the Scottish Council during the Commonwealth, 106;
in Cromwell’s House of Lords, 121.
London, Scotsmen in, during reign of Elizabeth, 55, 56;
scarcity of wood in, 135;
Union Commission at, in 1670, 139;
in 1702, 183.
Longleat, MSS. at, 40.
Lonsdale, Viscount, 174.
Lorraine, Cardinal of, at the Treaty of Cambray, 24.
Mackintosh, Sir James, 88.
Mackenzie, Sir George, of Rosehaugh, 128, 139, 140, 158, 159.
Maid of Norway, 10.
Maitland, Sir John, 50.
Maitland, William, of Lethington, advocates the Union of England and Scotland, 31-34.
March, Patrick, Earl of, 12.
Marchmont, Earl of, 174.
Margaret, Princess, 15, 46.
Marshall, Earl, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Martyr, Peter, letter to, from Jewel, quoted, 41.
Mary, of Guise (Queen Regent), assembles the Scottish Nobles in 1555, 20, 21;
asked by Henry of France to suppress the Reformation in Scotland, 25, 26;
takes shelter in Leith, 30;
her death, 38.
Mary, Queen of England, effects of her death, 22, 23.
Mary, Queen of Scots, betrothed to the Dauphin, 17;
sent to France, 19;
effects of her marriage on the relations of France and Scotland, 21;
assumes the title of Queen of England, 23;
to give up using this title, 38;
death of Francis II., 44;
returns to Scotland, 45;
her execution, 49.
Mary, Queen of England (wife of William III.), 149.
Masson, Professor, cited, 71.
Maxwell, Master of, a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Melrose, Abbey, destroyed by the English, 17.
Melrose, Abbot, at the Parliament of Westminster, 12.
Melville, George, first Earl of, 148, 177, 178.
Middleton, John, first Earl of, 128.
Midlothian, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Monk, General, 97, 104.
Monro, Dr. Alexander, 160, 162.
Monteith, Earl of, a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Monteith, Sir John, 12, 13.
Montmorency, Duke of, at the Treaty of Cambray, 24.
Montrose, John, Earl of, on Commission for Union, 65.
Montrose, William, Earl of, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Morton, Earl of, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Morvillier, Bishop of Orleans, 24.
Moubray, Sir John de, 12.
Navigation Act (English), 127-129, 132, 133, 170, 172.
Navigation Act (Scottish), 131.
Newcastle, 133.
Nisbet, Sir John, Lord Advocate, 140.
Norfolk, Lieutenant of the North of England, 36.
Norham, 24.
Northumberland, duty on horses entering, 130.
Norway, trade with Glasgow, 109.
Nova Scotia, 87.
Ochiltree, Lord, a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Oxford, Sir George Mackenzie at, 159.
Parliament of England, Address of James I. to, 60;
meeting of, in 1604, 63;
in 1605, 75;
in 1606, 76;
debate on Scottish question, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82;
will not agree to the Union in 1607, 84;
representation of Scotland in, during the Commonwealth, 100, 101;
the Long Parliament dissolved, 101;
representation of Scotland in Barebones’ Parliament, 101;
thirty members to serve for Scotland in, 102;
Protector’s first Parliament, 104;
Scottish members in 1656, 105;
Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105;
jurisdiction in Scotland forbidden except under authority of, 108;
Bills for Union brought into, in 1659, 118;
Lauderdale’s fear of, 124;
commercial policy of English Parliament, 127;
passes a Navigation Act, 128;
Address of William III. to, 150;
state of feeling in, 151;
Address against Scottish Trading Company, 173;
Scotland attacked in Parliament, 175;
jealousy between Lords and Commons, 175, 176.
Parliament of Scotland, resolves to betroth Mary to the Dauphin, 17;
terms on which their marriage agreed to, 21;
deputation from, to be sent to France, 39;
disowns the authority of the Pope, 40;
in favour of the Union of the Crowns, 41;
meets at St. Andrews, in 1585, 47;
meeting of, in 1587, 49;
position of, after the Union of the Crowns, 55;
summoned to meet in April 1604, 63;
meets at Perth in July 1604, 65;
appoints Commission on Union, 65, 66;
resolves that Union not to interfere with independence of Scotland, 67;
meets in August 1607, 83;
agrees to articles of Union, 84;
acknowledges the royal supremacy over all persons and causes, 91;
protests against execution of Charles I., 94;
does not sit during the Commonwealth, 97;
meets again after the Restoration, 124;
passes a Navigation Act for Scotland, 131;
meets in Edinburgh in 1669, 138;
Address of William III. to, in 1689, 147;
appoints a Commission on Union, 149, 150;
passes Acts relating to the Church, 151, 156;
passes the Act for a Company Trading to Africa and the Indies, 171, 172, 173;
meets in October 1700, 179, 180, 181;
first Parliament of Queen Anne, 185.
Parliament, at Westminster, in 1305, 12.
Patronage, Law of, 152.
Perth, John Knox at, 26.
Perthshire, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Piggott, Sir Christopher, 77.
Pinkie, Battle of, 17, 35.
Pinkie House, Council at, in 1560, 38.
Pisa, 81.
Pitcairn, Archibald, M.D., 169.
Portland, Duke of, 133.
Presbyterian Eloquence, displayed, 166.
Presbyterian Inquisition, 160.
Primrose, Sir Archibald, 140.
Queensberry, James, second Duke of, 178, 179, 180.
Rawlinson MSS., 157.
Reformation, 40, 87, 88.
Riven (Ruthven), a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Rosebery, first Earl of, 140.
Rosehaugh, Sir George Mackenzie of, 139.
Roslyn, burned by the English, 17.
Ross, Lord, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Rothes, Andrew, fourth Earl of, a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Rothes, John, seventh Earl of, 182.
Roxburghe, John, Duke of, 182.
Rutherford, Samuel, 117.
Sadler, Sir Ralph, 15, 16, 30.
Sage, Rev. John, 161.
St. Andrews, Parliament at, 47;
Bishop of, at the Parliament of Westminster, 12;
Prior of, a Lord of the Congregation, 40;
Bishop of, doubtful at the Reformation, 40.
St. Giles, Church of, 54, 165.
Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence, The, 166.
Scotland, invasion of, by Edward I., 10, 11;
representatives of, in Parliament at Westminster, 1305, 12, 13;
John de Bretaigne, Warden of, 13;
independence of, secured at Bannockburn, 15;
after Flodden and Solway Moss, 15, 16, 17;
last battle between Scotland and England, 17;
state of, in the sixteenth century, 20;
the French policy towards, 25, 26, 28;
Scottish policy of Cecil, 28, 29, 30;
Maitland of Lethington on the relations of England and Scotland, 31, et seq.;
English army enters, 36;
Crowns of France and Scotland separated, 44;
Mary returns to, 45;
league of 1585, between England and Scotland, 47;
James VI. leaves, 54, 55, 56, 57;
abuse of, by English writers, 57, 77, 116, 141, 142, 143, 175;
Union proposed in 1603, 63, et seq.;
state of, during the Commonwealth, 96-121;
establishment of Episcopacy in, after the Restoration, 125;
effect of the Navigation Act on, 127, et seq.;
policy of the Stuarts as to Union with, 137;
Crown of, offered to William and Mary, 149;
Union with, recommended by William, 150;
attacks upon the Church of, 162, et seq.;
attempts to improve the trade of, 170;
dangerous state of, in 1700, 176, 185.
Scottish Burgh Society, 110.
Scottish Company Trading to Africa and the Indies, 170, 183, 184.
Seaton, Sir John, 100.
Second Book of Discipline, 90.
Semple, Lord, 40.
Seton, Alexander (Lord Fyvie), 65.
Seton, Lord, 40.
Seymour, Sir Edward, 175.
Sharp, Archbishop, 144.
Sharpe, Charles Kirkpatrick, 120.
Shrewsbury, Lord, 174.
Society Men, 153.
Solway Moss, battle of, 15.
Somerset, Protector, in Scotland, 18.
Somerville, Lord, neutral at the Reformation, 40.
Sparta, 81.
Stair, John, first Earl of, 148.
Stobs, Elliot of, 100.
Straton, Sir Alexander, 74.
Stirling, Castle surrendered, 97.
Stirlingshire, representation of, in Richard Cromwell’s Parliament, 105.
Sutherland, Earl of, a Lord of the Congregation, 40.
Swinton, of Swinton, 100, 106.
Tarbat, Lord (first Earl of Cromartie), 158.
Throgmorton, Sir Nicholas, 28.
Treaty, of Cambray, 23;
of Upsetlington, 24;
of Berwick, 36, 37;
of Edinburgh, 38;
of 1586, 47;
of Union in 1607, 71, et seq.;
Commercial Treaty of 1668, 132-136;
of Union in 1670, 139, 140;
of Union in 1702, 183.
Tucker, Thomas, report on the revenue of Scotland, 110.
Tudor, Princess Margaret, 46.
Tweed, English army crosses, in 1560, 38.
Tweeddale, John, Earl and first Marquis of, 136, 140, 145;
John, second Marquis, 182.
Tytler, Patrick Fraser, 17, 40, 49.
Union, of the Crowns, 54, et seq.;
of the Kingdoms, proposed by Edward I., 10, et seq.;
by Somerset, 18;
by Maitland of Lethington, 31, et seq.;
by James VI., 68, et seq.;
during the Commonwealth, 96, et seq.;
abolished at the Restoration, 123, 124;
proposed in 1670, 139;
at the Revolution, 147, et seq.;
in 1702, 183.
Upsetlington, Treaty of, 24.
Vane, Sir Henry (younger), 97, 113, 114.
Vaux, Sir John de, 13.
Vernon, Mr. Secretary, 174, 175, 176.
Virginia, colonised, 87.
Wallace, William, 12, 35.
Walsingham, 49, 50.
Warriston, Sir Archibald Johnston of, 99.
Westminster, Parliament at, in 1305, 12;
Union Commissioners at, in 1604-1607, 68, 69;
deputies sent to, from Scotland, 100;
Union Commissioners at, in 1702, 183, 184.
Westminster Confession of Faith, 151, 152, 157.
Whalley, Henry, 104.
Whigs, lenient spirit of, 157.
Whitehall, 143.
William III. of England, his account of the Stuart policy as to Union, 137;
letter to the Estates in 1689, 147;
urges settlement of government in Scotland, 149;
recommends the Union, 150, 151;
his Church policy in Scotland, 155, 156;
conduct as to Darien, 171-173;
proposes the Union in 1700, 175;
his death, 183.
Winter, Admiral, 35.
Worcester, battle of, 95, 96.
Wotton, Sir Edward, Ambassador at Holyrood, 47.
Wycherley, 169.

The Early History of the Scottish Union Question / Bi-Centenary Edition

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