INDEX OF SUBJECTS
- Absorption frequencies, 199 ff.
- Absorption spectra, 200 ff.
- Alpha particles: charge of, 158 f.,
- 180; deflection of, 192; penetration
- by, 190, 194; range of,
- 190
- Amperian current, 21
- Angular momentum, atomicity of,
- 216
- Aristotelian philosophy, 9
- Atom, 26; the Bohr, 209; constituents
- of, 41, 189; in helium,
- 141; hydrogen, 26, 27, 42, 215;
- impenetrable portion, 194; loose
- structure of, 139, 194; miniature
- stellar system, 141; multiply
- charged 143; nucleus of, 193;
- size of, 183; structure of, 182;
- a system, 184
- Atom-ion theory, 37
- Atomic numbers of elements, 286
- Atomic structures, 222, 224, 229,
- 230, 231; and spectral lines,
- 205
- Atomic system, 193
- Atomic theories: of matter, 6, 7, 8,
- 10, 15, 77, 157; of electricity,
- 15, 23 f., 66, 163; and strain
- theory, 18
- Atomic weight, 196, 202, 206, 207
- Atoms, number of, 195
- Avogadro’s constant, 30, 261;
- rule, 183
- Balance, electrical 103; quartz,
- 103
- Balanced-drop method, 57 ff., 66
- Balmer-Ritz equation, 210, 215
- 216
- Balmer series, 204, 213, 214 f.; constant
- of, 214
- Black-body radiation, 232, 236,
- 237
- Bohr atom, 209, 211 ff.; orbits for
- hydrogen, 215; theory, 210, 214,
- 230, 231; quantum principle,
- 218
- Bohr-Sommerfeld model of hydrogen
- atom, 219
- Bohr’s: derivation of Rydberg
- constant, 282; periodic table,
- 226
- Brownian movements, 10, 131,
- 136, 145 ff., 147, 164, 167, 170,
- 171, 175, 268, 270; determining
- from, 167; Einstein-, equation,
- 151, 156, 175, 180; equation,
- 268; experiments with dust-free
- air, 165; fluctuations of,
- 171; in gases, 145, 149, 150,
- in liquids, 156
- Cathode rays, 23 f.; charge on, 80;
- for, 42; frequencies of X-ray
- spectra, 197 f.
- Cavendish Laboratory, 33, 35,
- 44, 48, 54
- Charge: of alpha particle, 158 f.;
- change of, in drop, 77, 133, 249;
- constant molecular, 19; electrical,
- 22, 28, 30, 40, 46; free
- positive, on atoms, 196; frictional,
- 72, 73, 76; granular
- structure of, 77; ionic, 47, 76;
- mass of, on sphere of radius ,
- 272; multiple, 143; positive
- and negative, 12, 27; ratio of,
- to mass, 42; single, 134, value
- of, 59
- Cluster-ion theory, 37
- Compton effect, 256, 257 f., 259,
- 260, 261 (Fig. 36); theory of scattering,
- 284 ff.
- Corpuscular theory, 233
- Coulomb, 28
- Democritus, principles of, 9
- Discontinuity, of radiation, 244,
- 254
- Drop: density of, 114; law of
- motion of, 124; rigid, 87;
- velocity of, 86; weighing the,
- 102
- Duane’s effect, 246
- : constant value of, 169, 177;
- essential elements of measurement,
- 124; exact evaluation of,
- 90, 103, 114 f.; final value of, 120,
- 26; fundamental physical and
- chemical constant, 17; H. A.
- Wilson’s work on, 54; method of
- obtaining, 138, 160, 162 f.; Sir
- J. J. Thomson’s work on, 49, 33;
- Townsend’s work on, 43 ff.,
- 263; variation in, 169, 171, 172
- Einstein-Bohr equation, 248
- Einstein’s equation, 146 f., 149, 156;
- 157, 238, 239, 242, 243, 247,
- 230; history of, 244 ff.
- Einstein’s quantum theory, 237,
- 236
- Electricity: absolute unit of, 29,
- 31; atomic theory of, 6, 10, 21,
- 66; early views of, 6 f.; Franklin’s
- theory of, 14, 20, 24;
- growth of theories of, 10 f.; ion
- of, 28; and light, 232; and matter,
- 186; proof of atomic
- nature of, 66, 131; structure
- of, 3, 4; two-fluid theory, 13
- Electrolysis, 27, 28, 43
- Electrolytic laws, 25
- Electromagnetic theory of mass,
- 20, 183, 187; conflict with, 212
- Electron, 4, 26, 77, 261; basis of
- all static charges, 72; early
- values of, 27-63; energy of,
- 239, 250, 282; mass of, 27; origin
- of the word, 23; positive
- and negative equal, 82, 83,
- 182, 208; radius of, 183 f.,
- 188; speed of, 191; theory of,
- 11, 21, 24
- Electronic energy, 245
- Electronic orbits of atoms, 221,
- 222
- Electrons: emission of, 233, 236;
- number of, in atom, 193; number
- of free positive, in nucleus,
- 277, 281
- Elements, with atomic numbers
- and weights, and chemical positions,
- 286
- : for cathode rays, 42; value of,
- in electrolysis, 27, 30; value of,
- in exhausted tubes, 43; for
- negative and positive ions, 43;
- Bucherer’s value of, 214
- Emission energy of electron, 236,
- 250 f.; explosive, 253; from light,
- 251
- Epstein theory of orbit, 219, 220
- Ether, 16, 26; theory, 232, 235
- Ether-stress theory, 17 f.; objections
- to, 248
- Ether-string theory, Thomson’s,
- 236, 237, 248, 249
- Faraday constant, 120
- Faraday’s laws, 15, 19, 22, 25
- Faraday lines, 237
- Faraday-Maxwell theory, 17
- Franklin theory, 20
- Gamma rays, 232, 232
- Gaseous conduction, nature of, 32
- Gases: electrical properties of, 46;
- ionization of, 123; gases, quantitative
- measurements in, 147
- Gram molecule, volume of in
- gases, 30, 31
- Grating: molecular, 197; spacing,
- 261
- Greek philosophy, 1, 2, 9 f., 232
- , value of, 117, 212, 213, 242,
- 245, 261
- Hipp chronoscope, 74
- “Hot spark,” 143, 220
- Ion, 28, 29; diffusion coefficient of,
- 36, 262; gaseous and electrolytic,
- 34; isolation of, 67; mobility
- of, 35, 36 f., 39, 262;
- positive and negative, 38, 48;
- univalent, in electrolysis, 34, 39
- Ionic charge, 29, 39, 45, 47, 176;
- elementary, 76; mobility, 264
- Ionization: by rays, 139 f., 144;
- by -rays, 138, 144; by ether
- waves, 134, 144; gaseous and
- electrolytic, 39; mechanism of
- gaseous, 125; oil-drop experiments
- in, 127, 141; by X-rays
- and radium rays, 125, 134
- Kinetic energy: of atom, 194, 273;
- of light, 239; of translation of
- molecule, 261
- Kinetic theory, 8, 31, 49, 157;
- of gases, 145, 268
- Lenard’s trigger theory, 251
- Light-quantas, 244, 256
- Mass, electrical theory of, 185,
- 188; of hydrogen atom, 261;
- variation of with speed, 188
- Mass of charge on sphere of
- radius , 272
- Maxwell-Boltzmann law, 81
- Maxwell distribution law, 151,
- 275 f.; theory, 24
- Mean free path of a gas molecule,
- 8, 183, 275
- Mean free path of a negative electron,
- 191
- Measurements, exact, 58, 65
- Molecular cross-section, 275
- Molecule: diameter of, 215; of
- gas, 261; kinetic energy of
- agitation of, 80, 81, 194
- Moseley’s discovery, 196, 203;
- atomic numbers, 198, 200, 203;
- atomic weights, 202; X-ray
- frequencies equal, 246
- Moseley’s law, 204 f.; inexactness
- of, 216
- , value of, in electrolysis, 31;
- in gases, 35, 262
- , discrepancies, 168 ff.; in gases,
- 34, 125, 166 f.; value of, for
- electrolysis, 30, 31; value of, for
- negative and positive ions, 125
- Norman Bridge Laboratory, 4
- Nucleus: of atom, 193; charge on,
- 195; number of electrons in,
- 207, 277, 281
- Peltier effects, 20
- Perrin’s value of , 170
- Photo-electric effect, 236, 244, 246,
- 255
- Planck’s , 117, 212, 213, 242, 245,
- 261
- Positive and negative electrical
- charges, , 12
- Quantitative measurements in
- gases, 147
- Quantum theory of radiation,
- Einstein’s, 237 f.; Planck’s, 253
- Radiant energy, 242, 245; nature
- of, 232
- Radiation, black-body, 237; discontinuous,
- 244; quantum theory
- of, 237, 253; theories of, 232;
- Thomson’s ether-string theory,
- 236, 237
- Radium, conductivity in air due
- to, 33; as ionizing agent, 53, 57,
- 79; mechanism of ionization by,
- 125; structure of atom of, 230
- Resistance to motion independent
- of charge, 86
- Rutherford’s method, 277
- Rydberg constant, 210, 282; value
- of, 282
- Ryerson Laboratory, 4, 37, 93, 94,
- 95, 150, 178, 209, 239
- Stark effect, 219
- Stefan-Boltzmann constant , 117,
- 261
- Stokes’s law, 48, 49, 52, 55, 63,
- 66, 167; correction of, 98 f.,
- 101, 113, 162; failure of, 90 ff.,
- 93, 98, 163; limits of validity
- of 95 ff.
- Sub-electron, 161 f., 166, 175,
- 181
- Thomson-Einstein hypothesis, 253
- Valency in gaseous ionization,
- 127 f.
- Velocity of agitation of molecules,
- 8; of emission of electrons under
- monochromatic light, 245
- Velocity of drop, 86, 101
- Vienna Academy, 153, 175
- Viscosity of air, 93
- Wave theory, 233, 234
- Wien constant , 117, 261
- X-rays, 23, 33, 39, 40, 46, 50,
- 57, 192, 204, 235, absorption of,
- 199; Duane’s method, 214;
- frequencies, 202, 246; ionizing
- agent, 79, 126, 134; and
- series, 204; and light, 248;
- mechanism of ionization by,
- 125; monochromatic 246; photographs
- of spectra, Fig. 21;
- spectra, 196, 200; spectrometer,
- 197; wave-lengths of metals, 197