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The Elements of Geology

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The text introduces fundamental principles of physical geology by linking geological processes directly to the landforms and rock structures they produce, using clear diagrams, classroom exercises, and fieldwork suggestions. Common rocks and glacial drift are described early, with chapters arranged in a logical sequence suited to much of North America. Historical geology then gives a broad account of continental development and the succession of life, emphasizing representative fossils that trace lines of descent. Technical mineralogical and paleontological detail is minimized in favor of inductive reasoning, practical examples, and exercises for beginning students and teachers.

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Transcriber’s Notes

This transcription was derived from the 1905 publication obtained from The Internet Archive. As the Index of the original 1905 book is missing entries for U and V, the Index from the 1921 version was used to add the missing sections.

One error was noted in preparing this revision (page 493 under Hudson River should have been 417). Several hyphenated vs. unhyphenated forms were standardized to the most prevalent. Minor corrections were made where periods, commas, etc. were missing. A number of paragraphs which were split by images were rejoined. In some cases, the text was moved to the preceding or following page.