BOOK III.
CHAP. I.
Caterpillars, whose Bodies are Smooth, producing
Butterflies.
Class I.
Sect. a.
Caterpillars without any Protuberances, whose Chrysalis is fixed by the Tail, and hangs in an Horizontal Position, by Means of a Thread fastened round the Back and on each Side, and producing Swallow-Tail Butterflies.
L. 3. Ch. 1.
I.
Cl. 1. S. a. 1.
The SWALLOW-TAIL BUTTERFLY is produced twice a Year. The first Brood appears in May, the second towards the End of July. Being in a Meadow near Cookham, in Kent, on the 5th Day of August, 1748, I observed a Female Swallow-Tail hovering over certain Plants, which taking particular Notice of, I found to be the Meadow Saxifrage, and examining them carefully, I discovered four Eggs just laid by the Fly, wherewith I was highly pleased. On the 13th of the same Month these Eggs produced Caterpillars, of Size and Colour as expressed at Figure 1. On the 19th one of the Caterpillars shifted its Skin, and appeared like Figure 2. On the 23d it changed again to the Likeness of Figure 3. On the 4th of September it became like Figure 4. On the 11th of the same Month it appeared in its fifth and last Skin, which was extreamly beautiful, as expressed at Figure 5. On the 22d the Caterpillar was full grown, and fixed itself in the Manner of Figure 6, in order to change into the Chrysalis 7, which was produced on the 26th of September; in which State it remains, January 20, 1748-9. I fed the Caterpillar from its being first hatched with the green Leaves of the common Carrot, which it eat plentifully. This fine Butterfly may be taken in the Meadows and Clover Fields about Cookham, near Westram, in Kent, at the Times above-mentioned. It flies so swiftly that it is in vain to follow it, you must therefore wait ’till it settles, and then, if you are near, be nimble, and you may catch it without much Difficulty. The Flies are represented in the next Plate numbered the same as this.
See Reaumur, Pl. 29. Pag. 486. Also Pl. 30. Vol. 1. Pag. 486.
The Meadow Saxifrage.
Seseli pratense nostras. Park.
L. 3. Ch. 3.
II.
Cl. 1. S. a. 2.
The BRIMSTONE-BUTTERFLY lives in the Fly State all the Winter Season, for very early in the Spring you will see them in the Woods flying about and seeking out their Mates. The Food of the Caterpillar is reported by Mr. Dandridge to be the Buck-Thorn, on which he fed it ’till the Middle of June, when it changed to a Chrysalis, and the Fly was bred at the Beginning of August. The Caterpillars are rare to be met with, although the Fly is common in Woods and Fields of Clover, in the Months of August and September.
The Buck-Thorn, with its Berries.
Rhamnus Catharticus. C. B. P.
Class II.
Sect. a.
Caterpillars having little or no Hair.
Fastening their Chrysalis as the last Sort, and producing Round-Winged Butterflies.
L. 3. Ch. 1.
I.
Cl. 2. S. a. 1.
The WHITE-BUTTERFLY, with Black Veins. The Caterpillars that produce this sort of Butterfly are sociable and feed together on the White-Thorn, till about the Middle of May, at which Time they are full fed and change to the Chrysalis. The Fly is bred in June, and is common among Hay-Grass.
See Merian, Vol. 2. Chap. 35. Moss. P. 103. Raii, Hist. Insect. P. 115, N. 5. Albin, Plate 2. Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 3. Reaumur, Vol. 2. Pl. 2. P. 120.
The Mountain-Elder, and White-Thorn.
Sambucus, racemosa rubra. C. B. P.
L. 3. Ch. 1.
II.
Cl. 2. S. a. 2.
The LARGE WHITE GARDEN-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year. The Caterpillars thereof are well known in Gardens and other Places. Their first Brood is in May, and the second about two Months after. The Chrysalis that produces the second Brood is only fourteen Days in that State, and the Fly is bred in July. Those Caterpillars that go to Chrysalis about September remain in that State all the Winter, and produce their Flies in May. These Caterpillars are great Devourers of Cabbage and Colliflowers from June to September, which last Month is the Time of their changing into the Chrysalis State. In order to preserve your Cabbages, &c. ’tis worth while to destroy their Chrysalides in the Winter, when they may commonly be found under the Coping of Garden Walls, Pales, or any other Places a little shelter’d: Their Eggs likewise should be sought after, and may be found in great Numbers together on the under Sides of the Leaves. Note, The Swallow-Tail Butterfly is always bred at the same Time as this Fly is.
See Godart, Sec. 1. Num. 7. Merian, Vol. 1. Chap. 45. Moufet, P. 103. Raii, Hist. Insect. p. 113. List. on God. P. 16. Fig. 7. Albin, Plate 1. Rosel, C. 2. Tab. 4.
The Nasturtium Flower.
Acriviola. J. K. H.
L. 3. Ch. 1.
III.
Cl. 2. S. a. 3.
The SMALL WHITE GARDEN-BUTTERFLY breeds twice a Year: The first Brood is at the Beginning of May, and the second in July. The Caterpillar feeds on Cabbage, Horse-Radish, Cresses, &c. Towards the End of June they tie themselves up by the Tail with a Thread, which goes likewise cross their Middle. The Fly comes forth in July, and is very common.
See Albin, P. 51. Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 5. Lister on Godart, P. 12. N. 8. Reaumur, Vol. 1. Pl. 29. Pag. 486. Vol. 2. Pl. 2. Pag. 120.
The Double-Flowering Almond.
Amygdalus sativa flore pleno. J. R. H.
L. 3. Ch. 1.
IV.
Cl. 2. S. a. 4.
The WHITE-BUTTERFLY with Green Veins. This also breeds twice a Year: Its first Brood is in May, the second in July. The Caterpillar feeds on Cabbage, &c. like the foregoing, ties itself up in the same Manner, and the Fly is bred in July. It is very common, and may be taken in most Gardens.
See Albin, P. 52. Merian, Vol. 2. Chap. 39.
The Purple Auricula.
Auricula, ursi flore Purpureo. Lob.
L. 3. Ch. 1.
V.
Cl. 2. S. a. 5.
THE ORANGE-TIP, or Lady of the Woods, A BUTTERFLY. We are obliged to Mr. Rosel for the Discovery of the Progress of this and many other curious Flies. He says the Caterpillar feeds on the Brassica Sylvestris, or Wild Cole, whereon the Fly lays its Eggs. The Caterpillar is found in June and July, at which Time it changes into a Chrysalis. It remains in that State through the Winter, and the Fly is produced in May. It is very common in Fields and green Lanes, and breeds but once a Year.
See Rosel, Cl. 2. Tab. 8.
The Mountain-Curran, and the Wild Cole.
Ribes Alpinus dulcis. J. B. Brassica Sylvestris.