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The epistle of Othea to Hector; or, The boke of knyghthode cover

The epistle of Othea to Hector; or, The boke of knyghthode

Chapter 94: GLOSSARY.
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About This Book

The work assembles a sequence of didactic letters in which a divine adviser instructs a young knight on the ethical practice of knighthood. Each epistle pairs moral precepts with illustrative myths and historical exempla, then expands them into practical counsel on courage, constancy, courtly conduct, governance, and spiritual prudence. The text blends translation and commentary, sometimes interrupted by glosses and supplemental material, to guide behavior in war, love, and public life. Overall it functions as a handbook of conduct for martial and social responsibilities informed by classical and Christian models.

GLOSSARY.

  • a, have, 16, 78, 111
  • abaundonede, devoted, 38
  • a ben, been, 41
  • abusyon (abusion, H.), abuse, 50
  • accused (accusee, H.), told, reported, 52
  • achaunge, exchange, 91
  • acome, come, 50
  • acorde, agree, 34
  • acorde, agreement, 52
  • acordyng (couuenable, H.), fitting, proper, 15, 25
  • afore or, before that, 70
  • affrayed, terrified, 41
  • agre, favourably, in good part, 113
  • all gates, anyhow, by any means, 72, 89
  • all only but, except, 9
  • aloved (louez, H.), praised, 112
  • alyche (allegue, H.), allege, 12
  • anamely, anamly, namely, 7, 12, 17, 27, 70, 78, etc.
  • anggwyssous (angoisseuse, H.), full of anguish, 89
  • applique, apply, 8
  • arayed (aournez, H.), equipped, adorned, 7, 8, 23
  • arayeth (arroie, H.), equippeth, 6
  • armure, armour, 24
  • arwe, arrow, 56
  • assay (essay, H.), trial, test, 6
  • assot, assote, besot, make foolish, 36, 74, 106
  • assotted, besotted, 75
  • assottede of, besotted with, doting on, 28, 36
  • aturnyd, turned, 72
  • auctorised, authenticated, vouched for, 2, 4
  • availe, avayle, advantage, profit, 5, 12, 26, 37
  • aventerous, adventurous, 9
  • aventure, adventure, 12
  • avisement, reflection, counsel, 19
  • avowed, vowed, 109
  • avysyons, visions, dreams, 75, 76, 88
  • ayen, against, 2
  • ayen, ayene, again, 7, 48, 79
  • ayens, against, 12, 29, 32, etc.
  • ayens say, gainsay, 47
  • bachelere, bachelor, 28
  • bateilled, battled, fought, 22
  • bayle (baillif, H.), bailiff, 13
  • be, been, 41
  • beerys (ours, H.), bears, 12
  • befolowe, follow, 60
  • begone (sc. evylle b.), affected, beset, 41
  • behouely (couuenable, H.), proper, befitting, 8, 12, 23, 82
  • bellue (belue, H.), monster, 15
  • ben, be, 70
  • besy, busy, 5
  • boche (boce, H.), hump (of a camel), 54
  • bolnynges (lenfleure, H.), swellings, pride, 76
  • borde, table, 67
  • bosche (buisson, H.), bush, 53
  • bostus, boastful, threatening, 51
  • boores, boars, 12
  • bounte (bonte, bernage, sc. barnage, H.), goodness, nobility, 8, 11, 27, 60
  • brayeng, braying (de brayre, H.), croaking (of frogs), 34
  • brennyng, burning, 62
  • brent, burnt, 69, 110
  • brokyth (retient, H.), digests, retains (on the stomach), 55
  • brond (brandon, H.), brand, torch, 36
  • brothe, broththe (palu, H.), muddy water, 33, 34
  • broute, browte, brought, 12, 56, 110
  • bruled, broiled, burnt, 69
  • bryboure (lierres, sc. larron, H.), thief, robber, 41
  • busshmentes (embusches, H.), ambushes, 63
  • b[u]tyrflye (papillon, H.), butterfly, 109
  • carles (villains, H.), churls, rustics, 33, 34
  • cesse (cesser, H.), make to cease, 9
  • chaiere (chayere, H.), chair (of a professor), 6
  • chamel, chamelle, camel, 54
  • chelde, shield, 54, 60
  • chepe, sheep, 58
  • ches, choose, 85
  • chesse, the (esches, H.), game of chess, 95
  • chevalroures (vaillance cheualereuse, H.), chivalry, 9
  • cheualerous, cheualerours, chivalrous, 14, 16
  • cheuetayne, cheueten (cheuetaine, H.), chieftain, leader, 2, 85
  • chippe, ship, 56
  • chynnes, chains, 41
  • clyme (monter, H.), climb, 6, 44
  • communes (paysans, H.), common people, 34
  • communiall (communicaire, H.), sharing with others, 27
  • condicionned (condicionne, H.), accustomed, 85
  • conditoures (conduissaresse, H.), conductress, guide, 8
  • condittes (conduis, H.), conduits, 28
  • connestabil, constable, 85
  • connyng (sauoir, H.), knowledge, 24
  • contrarie, contrary, adverse, 11
  • contrariousnes (les contrarietez, H.), adversity, 12
  • contrarius, contrary, adverse, 9
  • conveyed (conuoye, H.), conducted, guided (of the spirit), 8
  • conveyng (congeement, H.), removal, expulsion, 5
  • copyr, copper, 17
  • corage, spirit, mind, 31, 84, 96
  • coromped, corrupted, 29
  • corrompeth, corrumpyth, corrupteth, 30
  • corumpe, to corrupt, 62
  • cosyn germayne, cousin german, 9, 10
  • coude, cowde, could, 85, 86
  • couertly, secretly, disguisedly, 13
  • couerture, disguise, concealment, 13, 19, 43, 93
  • couetise, covetyse, covetousness, 34, 54, 60
  • cowde, knew, 58
  • crassed (creuee, H.), cracked, 52
  • creues, crevesse (creueure, H.), crevice, 52, 65
  • cuirboyle, cuir-bouilli, boiled leather, 24
  • debatoure (discordant, H.), debater, quarreller, 67
  • deded (amortie, H.), deadened, 27
  • deele, dele, part, whit, 9, 35
  • defavtes, faults, defects, 13
  • defendyth, forbiddeth, 32
  • deme, judgment, 56
  • departed (departis, H.), allotted, 83
  • desceyvable (faillible, H.), deceitful, untrustworthy, 8
  • dictis, dicts, sayings, 4
  • diffendyth, forbidden, 28
  • discomfyte, discomfited, 15
  • discouered, uncovered, unprotected, 97, 104
  • discouerte, uncovered, 105
  • discute, discuss, 20, 62
  • disheryte, disinherit, 29, 30
  • dispite, despise, 10, 100
  • disportis, amusements, 34
  • disporveide (despourveu, H.), unprovided, 68
  • disprayes (despris, H.), contempt, 28
  • disprayse (desprisier, H.), contemn, despise, 54, 84, 87
  • dispraysyng (despercion, H.), contemning, despising, 59
  • dispreisyd, dispreysed, contemned, despised, 35, 36
  • dispreysyng, contemning, despising, 36
  • dissalowed (desloua, H.), disapproved, dissuaded, 56
  • dissauable, deceitful (of riches), 53
  • disseruede (desserui, H.), served, performed (sc. of penance), 14
  • dittee (dictie, H.), treatise, 8
  • do armes (armes ... faire, H.), perform exploits, 12
  • dobylnesse, doubleness, duplicity, 95
  • doghter, daughter, 16, 31
  • doited (affoles, H.), doting, 69
  • dome, judgment, 16, 48, 68
  • doo, done, 14
  • doongon (dongion, H.), keep, castle, 110
  • doute (dompter, H.), conquer, 42
  • doutyd (doubtoit, H.), doubted, feared, 97
  • douted, dowted (dompta, H.), conquered, 42
  • doutously, doubtfully, 19
  • dowter, daughter, 11
  • dres (adrece, H.), dress, direct, apply, 5
  • dressyd hyr (se ficha, H.), betook herself, 66
  • drwe, drew, 30
  • drwe avay (chaca, H.), drove away, 20
  • dryst, durst, 44
  • dured, endured, lasted, 52
  • duryng (sc. euer d.), lasting, 6
  • dyffendyth, forbiddeth, 32
  • dyght, disposed, placed, 80
  • dynne, dinner, 66
  • dysheryted (desherita, H.), disinherited, 20
  • dysparbuled (se espart, H.), disparpled, divided, 57
  • dyspiteth (despite, H.), despiseth, 16
  • dyspyte (despit, H.), contempt, scorn, 40
  • dystres (destrece, H.), distress, 12
  • ell, elles, ellis, else, 12, 13, 14
  • embaundoned, devoted, 2
  • empeched (empesche, H.), hindered, injured, 90
  • empechest (empesches, H.), impeach, find fault with, 87
  • emprise, undertaking, 75, 76
  • enbushed, ambushed, 73
  • encres, increase, 38
  • endyte (escripre, H.), write, 6
  • engins (engins, H.), snares, 84
  • ennorted, exhorted, 64
  • enorte (ennorter, H.), exhort, 5
  • enortyng (enditement, H.), exhortation, 58
  • ensorgyng, grieving, 31
  • entent, mind, understanding, 19
  • eres, erys, ears, 40
  • errant (sc. e. knyghte), wandering, 15, 111
  • erryed (aree, H.), ploughed, 38
  • erye (arer, H.), to plough, 38
  • exauced, heard, granted, 18, 79
  • exavced (of a person praying), heard, gratified, 79
  • exaussyng (exaussement, H.), exalting, 12
  • excusacion, excuse, 87, 113
  • exempled, exemplified, justified, 2, 4
  • eyne, eyes, 44, 45
  • eyre, ear, 44
  • fardell (faissel, H.), burden, 32
  • fauchon (fauchon, H.), falchion, sword, 15
  • favth, fought, 13
  • fawty, faulty, 40
  • fayre, fayree, fayreis (nymphes, H.), fairies, 77, 81, 93
  • felachep, felachipe, fellowship, 16, 92
  • felawe, fellow, 14
  • feleshyp, fellowship, company, 33
  • felle, savage, cruel, 12
  • feythyt, fighteth, 65
  • flawe, flew, 15
  • fleeth (vole, H.), flyeth, 16
  • flotereth (flote, H.), flutters, hesitates, 22
  • flowrid, flourished, 3
  • flowte, flute, 40, 44
  • folely, follely, foolishly, 83, 107, 108
  • folwe (ensuiuir, H.), follow, 11
  • folwyth (sensuit, H.), followeth, 10
  • foly, foolish, 64, 79
  • fond, foonde, found, invented, 24, 25, 38, 43
  • fordone (amortis, H.), destroyed, done away with, 13
  • foryate, forgot, 68, 69, 74, 96
  • foryeten, forgotten, 68
  • froward, perverse, 93
  • fraudelous, deceitful, 92, 112
  • frele, frail, 28
  • frelnes, frailty, 20, 70
  • frosses (renoulles, H.), frogs, 33, 34
  • ful, fulle, very, 2, 3, 7, 12, 15
  • fullefyllyd (remplie, H.), filled, 9
  • fumerelle (sueil, H., sc. threshold), smoke-hole (in the roof), hearth, 30
  • fundement, foundation, 64
  • gaineyers, husbandmen, 38
  • gate, got, 11
  • gebet (gibet, H.), gibbet, 41
  • geyneseyyng (contredisans, H.), gainsaying, 21
  • glayve (faulx, H.), sword, 15
  • glewe (gluyon, H.), glue, 109
  • gosh, go, 47
  • gostly, ghostly, spiritual, 2, 3, 8, 85
  • grenner, greener, 31
  • greuaunces, evils, harm, 27
  • gryffes (cultiuemens, H.), grafts, shoots, 39
  • guerdon (subst.), reward, 58
  • guerdon (v.), reward, estimate properly, 50, 59
  • gyf, give, 19
  • gyrte, girded, 105
  • gyse, guise, 46
  • habaundonede, devoted, 38
  • halse (accoller, H.), embrace, 69
  • haunt, follow, devote oneself to, 70, 75, 80
  • hauntyng (frequentise, H.), intercourse, 52
  • hawteyn, haughty, proud, 27
  • helly (infernaulx, H.), hellish, of hell, 78
  • heppid (amassez, H.), heaped, 34
  • herdly (enterine, H.), earthly (?), 95
    • For “enterin,” or, as sometimes spelt, “enterrin,” see p. 95, note 2. Scrope seems to have mistaken its meaning, connecting it with “terre.”
  • heris, ears, 55
  • herres, hairs, 30
  • hire (loyer, H.), reward, 81
  • holde (sc. h. counsell), take, follow, 91
  • holden, held, considered, 3
  • holdyn, taken, followed, 91
  • hole and some, whole and sum, entirely, 6
  • holpyn, helped, 99
  • homely (sc. h. spyes, priuees, H.), domestic, 23
  • homlynes, (priuete, H.), intimacy, 92
  • hooges, huge, 32
  • hy, hye, high, 5, 7, 8, 23
  • hyly, highly, 6
  • hynes, highness, greatness, 12
  • iangeler (iengleur, gengleresse, H.), chatterer, prater, 57, 98
  • iangyllyng (gengle, H.), chattering, prating, 98
  • iauelot, iaueloth (glavellot, H.), dart, javelin, 86
  • ich, iche, each, 7, 80, 83
  • inewgh, enough, 25
  • inougth, enough, 12
  • inowe, enough, 34
  • inowgh, enough, 52, 63
  • inowght, enough, 84
  • inowthe, enough, 63
  • iolines, iolynesse (ioliuete, H.), gaiety, mirth, 18, 83
  • ioly (cointe, H.), gay, sprightly, 72
  • iorneyer (voyager, H.), traveller, 13
  • iowgolowre (iugleur, H.), buffoon, 104
  • ioyeux, joyous, 84
  • iren, iron, 22
  • iusticer, judge, 13, 14
  • iustifie (iusticier, H.), to judge, 13
  • I wys, sc. iwis, assuredly, 9
  • kest, cast, threw, 30, 89
  • keuercheffes, kerchiefs, 80
  • konyng, koonyng, knowledge, 83, 87
  • kunnyng, knowledge, 6, 25, 83
  • kynde, nature, 1
  • lachesse, negligence, remissness, 32
  • lavde (subst.), praise, 12
  • lawyng, laughing, 61
  • lech, leche, like, 8, 26, 31, 34, 36, etc.
  • lede, lead (the metal), 19
  • lefull, lawful, 95
  • leke, leek, 10
  • lekend, likened, 31
  • lekerousnes (alechemens, H.), appetite, greediness, 62
  • lemyte, limit, 10
  • lenage, lineage, 11
  • lerned, taught, 113
  • lessyng, lessening, 59
  • lest, leste (talent, H.), desire, 93
  • lesyng (menconge, H.), lying, 46
  • lete (empescher, H.), hinder, 82
  • letted, lettyd, hindered, 8, 31, 82
  • letteryd, lettyrd (letrez, H.), lettered, 42
  • lettynges (empeschemens, H.), hindrances, 67
  • lettyth, hinder, 10
  • leuer, rather, 48, 107
  • lewde (fol, sotte, H.), foolish, 40, 46, 51, 102
  • leyser, leisure, 40
  • lich, like, 41
  • longeth, longyth, belongeth, 20, 25, 71
  • longgyng, belonging, 20, 37
  • lorier (laurier, H.), laurel, 99, 100
  • lyeines, lyenis (liens, H.), bonds, 61, 66
  • lymbo (limbe, H.), limbo, the outskirts of hell, 41
  • lyst, desired, 98
  • lyst, lyste (courage, talent, H.), will, desire, 44, 49, 77
  • ma, may, 70
  • malencolius, melancholy, 21
  • malice, artfulness, 80
  • malicius, artful, 45, 111
  • manace, menace, 51
  • manisynges, menacings, 51
  • mankyndely, mankyndly (humaine, H.), human, 8, 18, 70, 72, 103
  • manyce, menace, 51
  • marches (marches, H.), borders, 60
  • masseyngeres, messengers, 23
  • maystry, mastery, 35
  • maystyr (mestier, H.), office, business, 11
  • meche, much, 49
  • mechell, much, 72
  • mene, means, 20
  • menye (mesgnee, maignee, H.), company, pack (of hounds), 77
  • merowre, mirror, 95
  • mervelious, meruelyous, marvellous, 12, 13, 14, 20
  • miche, much, 45
  • molle (tauppe, H.), mole, 40
  • mote, must, 33
  • mowe, more, 77
  • muse, take amusement, 71, 74
  • mych, myche, much, 11, 12
  • mychyll, much, 70
  • mydwes, meadows, 104
    • Scrope’s Fr. MS. probably read “aux piez” (cf. 104, note 1), and he confused it with “aux préz”
  • mysbeleve, misbelief, 45
  • myschefe (meschief, H.), misfortune, 33
  • myssedone (meffait, H.), misdone, done amiss, 45
  • ne, not, 41
  • nedelle (aguille, H.), needle, 54
  • nedis, needs, 54
  • neyburwe, neighbour, 16
  • nerehand (a pou, H.), nearly, 11
  • noblyth, ennobleth, 114
  • noye (nuit, H.), annoy, harm, 61
  • noyens (nuisible, H.), harm, nuisance, 105
  • noyens, harmful, 111
  • nwefanggyllnesse, newfangledness, inconstancy, 95
  • nygromancye (arquemie, sc. alchemy, H.), necromancy, 94
  • nyse (nyce, H.), stupid, foolish, 51
  • o, one, 18, 22, 25, 97
  • obeissance (obeyssance, H.), deference, respect, 14
  • onsesyde of, unseised of, without, 74
  • oo, one, 105
  • or that, before that, 19, 20, 51
  • ordure, filth, vileness, 20
  • oste (ost, H.), host, 26
  • ouctrecuidez, proud, overweening, 28
  • ouer all (par tout, H.), everywhere, 80, 93, 114
  • ouergoo (surmonter, H.), master, conquer, 96
  • ouerhoope (oultrecuidance, H.), presumption, 51
  • ouerlede, ouerleyde (surpris, H.), surprised, 61, 65
  • ouerwenyng (oultrecuidez, H.), inordinately proud, 27, 28
  • owthe (doit, H.), ought, 6
  • paase (passer, H.), surpass, 83
  • paramours (adv.), passionately, 69, 72
  • parde, par dieu, 12, 68, 105
  • passede (pesee, H.), weighed, considered, 51
  • paynemes (payens, H.), pagans, heathen, 47
  • peise, peyse (peser, H.), weigh, consider, 20
  • pendavnde, pendant, 52
  • penowrye, penuery (misere, H.), penury, 99
  • perchith (perce, H.), pierceth, 56
  • perfite, perfect, 8
  • perlious, perlyous, perilous, 82, 89
  • perlyouser, more perilous, 110
  • pes, peace, 30
  • pewter (peaultre, H.), pewter, 18
  • peyne hym, trouble himself, 87
  • pistil, pistile, pistylle, epistle, 5, 18, 22
  • plangeth (plunge, H.), plunges, 22
  • plenere, full, 5
  • plesauns, plesawnce, pleasure, 75, 81
  • plongeden, plunged, 28
  • plyte, plight, 61
  • Pocalipse, Apocalypse, 73
  • pontificall (pontifical, H.) dignified, 23
  • prayed, invited, 66
  • prerogatyue (prerogatiue, H.), privilege, exclusive possession, 7
  • presound, imprisoned, 31
  • prime temps, spring, 27
  • pris (pris, H.), prize, 20, 23
  • prouoste (preuost, H.), provost, 13
  • purchase (sc. p. armes, pourchacier, H.), pursue, follow, 12
  • purchassed (sc. p. trayson, pourchace, H.), contrived, 108
  • purches (sc. p. harme, pourchacier, H.), contrive, 86
  • purveide off (pourueu, H.), provided with, 102
  • pyll, pillage, 60
  • pystyl, pystylle, epistle, 7, 10
  • qwan, when, 35
  • qwaynte (cointe, H.), clever, ingenious, 95
  • qweke (vifs, H.), quick, living, 45
  • qwen, qwenne, when, 26, 30, 35
  • qwere, where, 39
  • qwhan, when, 44
  • qwhen, queen, 63
  • qwome, whom, 36
  • qwythe thorne (morier blank, H.), white thorn, 35
  • raffe, split, was riven, 65
  • rampyng (rampans, H.), rampant, raging (of bears), 12
  • rauenous (traueilleux, H.), vexatious, painful, 18
  • reaume, realm, 7, 13, 15, 111
  • reconforte, comfort, 94
  • refeccion (reffeccion, H.), food, 55
  • renomme, renown, 2
  • renommeed, renowned, 1
  • repuignand, resisting, repelling, 3
  • revede (tolue, H.), tore away, rescued, 15
  • reyne, rain, 27
  • rothir, rudder, 56
  • rotters, gallants, 62
  • rowe (renc, H.), rank, class, 13
  • royalme, royaulme, realm, kingdom, 3
  • ryght, very, 12, 15, 18, 29, 106
  • ryghtwyse, righteous, 13
  • ryghtwysly, righteously, 14, 20
  • rytewyse (droicturiere, H.), righteous, 13
  • sadde, discreet, careful, 59
  • sadely, carefully, 51
  • sadenes (sc. s. of speche, lente de parler, H.), discretion, 56
  • salwes, sallows, willows, 93
  • saue, except, 23
  • say, assay, test, 80
  • schawnegeable, changeable, 22
  • schawneged, schawnged, changed, 60, 71
  • schawngyth, changeth, 22
  • schette, shut, included, 39, 52
  • schewyth (suiue, H.), sueth, followeth, 22
  • schorte, shorten, 62
  • sclaunderus, slanderous, 56
  • se, sea, 11, 47
  • sede on syde, set aside, 10
  • seege, siege (sc. the camp), 96
  • sege, siege (sc. the besieging force), 106
  • seege (sc. of counsell, siege de conseil, H.), seat, 57
  • segge, siege, 26
  • seghens, sighings, 101
  • sekyr, sure, 89
  • semblable, similar, 108
  • serpently (serpentins, H.), serpent-like, 30
  • sesid with (saisi de, H.), seised, possessed of, 74
  • sewyng, sewynge, following, 7, 111
  • seyntens, saints, 47
  • seysyd hym in (sc. esleua en, H.), arrogated to himself, 28
  • seytis, sexes, 93
  • sheded, shed, 63
  • shrewdenes (mauuaistie, H.), wickedness, 110
  • shrewes (des mauuais, H.), the wicked, vicious, 108
  • skye (nue, H.), cloud, 44
  • slake, fail, grow slack, 73
  • slewthe, slowthe, sloth, 32, 33
  • smerte, painful, 103
  • socourable, helpful, 27, 50
  • socovre, succour, 16
  • soffted (amoli, H.), softened, 94
  • softeth (adoulcist, H.), softeneth, easeth, 26
  • soget (subget, H.), subject, 14, 65
  • soggettes (subges, H.), subjects, 24
  • soioryng (seiour, H.), resting place, abode, 112
  • soioure, sojourn, 95
  • sonne, sun, 20
  • soothel, sootyl, sotell, sothell, subtle, 92, 93, 94
  • sorwe, sorrow, 103
  • sotely, subtly, 36, 61
  • soth, truth, sooth, 89
  • sothyn (cuit, H.), sodden, 29, 112
  • sotle, subtle, 25
  • sotted (assottent, H.) besotted, made foolish, 74
  • sottyl, subtle, 95
  • sotyl, subtle, 35
  • sotylte, subtlety, 95
  • soundir, sunder, 41
  • sowlehele, salvation, 2
  • sowpled (se adoulcist, H.), softened, mollified, 92
  • sowte, sought, 80
  • spotte (tache, H.), blemish, taint, 37, 41
  • stabilnes (constance, H.), stability, constancy, 12
  • stale, stole, 32
  • standing, standyng, stondyng, considering that, 8, 51, 53, 81, 82, 89, 106
  • stanke (estanc, H.), a pool, 93
  • stawnched, quenched (of fire), 105
  • stawnsh, staunch, quench, 33
  • stepechildire (fillastres, H.), step-children, 29, 30
  • stepmodir, steppemodir (marrastre, H.), stepmother, 30, 48
  • stirte, styrte (sailli, se gita, H.), hurried, 89, 103
  • stodier (lestudiant, H.), studyer, student, 42
  • strate, strait, narrow, 63
  • streche (tendre, H.), stretch, tend, 8
  • streche to, reach to, rival, 82
  • strecheth, stretch, are directed, 32
  • streged, stretched, 30
  • streyned, strained, stretched, 40
  • streyte, strait (of a prison), 60
  • strof, strove, 57
  • strong (fort, H.), difficult, 58
  • suremounted, raised, 3
  • suspeccion, suspicion, 70
  • swe, sowed, 38
  • swiche, such, 45
  • swolve, swallow, 34
  • synguler, special, 46, 47
  • sythyn, sithen, since, 34
  • tachys (condicions, H.), manners, 34
  • targes (targes, H.), target, shield, 54
  • tendyng (tendans, H.), having regard, 17
  • tendyyng, regard, attention, 93
  • teremys, terms, 17
  • terrement (obseques, H.), interment, burial, 106
  • teschyng, teaching, 14
  • teynt (attaint, H.), tainted, affected, 30
  • tharledom, thraldom, thralledom (seruitude, H.), servitude, 51, 65, 91
  • thefende, defend, forbid, 29
  • thredde, third, 3
  • thresshefolde (sueil, H.), threshold, 31
  • tobbe (tine, H.), tub, 63
  • tocheth to (touche, H.), regards, concerns, 12
  • to regard of, in regard to, 8
  • trauell, labour, travail, 42
  • trauellyth, labour, travail, 26
  • trowght, truth, 80
  • trwes (treues, H.), truce, 106
  • turnementes (tourment, H.), torments, 37
  • tweyne, twain, 29
  • tynne, tin, 18
  • tysyng (enditement, H.), enticing, 108
  • vagaunt (vague, H.), vagrant, 104
  • vailable, vaylable (valable, H.), useful, 12, 43
  • vailet, vayleth (est proufitable, vault, H.), availeth, 54, 57
  • valure (valeur, H.), valour, 27
  • vauntoure (vanteur, H.), boaster, 71
  • vaylie, valley, 14
  • veleyns, velyens, vile, abject, 51, 59, 111
  • venegre, vinegar, 30
  • veray, very (vraye, Fr.), true, 7, 81, 98
  • viagis, voyages, 13
  • vilens, vileyns, vile, abject, 34, 37
  • vmbethynke the, consider, 6, 57, 63, 69, 76, 111
  • vnbehouely (inpartinent, H.), unbecoming, 35
  • vncunnyng (ingrat, H.), unmindful, 59
  • vndirstondynges (entendemens, H.), meanings, 25
  • vngracious (sc. v. games, mal gracieux, H.), discourteous, 58
  • vniuersyte, university, 3, 42
  • vnknowyn (descongnoissant, H.), unmindful, ungrateful, 59
  • vnkunnyng (ingratitude, H.), unmindfulness, ingratitude, 59
  • vnnethes (a peine, H.), scarcely, hardly, 62
  • voide, voyde, woyde, remove, expel, 30, 51, 68, 98
  • voyded (vuidoient, H.), removed, departed, 51
  • voyeddid (vuida, H.), removed, expelled, 19
  • wacches (agais, H.), watches, plots, 8
  • wassh (gue, H.), lake, pool, 33
  • wchid (gaitoit, H.), watched, 44
  • wellwyllyng (bien vueillant, H.), benevolent, 27
  • wend, wende (cuiderent, cuida, H.), weaned, thought, 30, 106
  • weneth (cuident, H.), wean, think, 111
  • were (guerre faire, H.), make war, 11, 23
  • weri, very, real, true, 67
  • werre, war, 2, 12, 23
  • wery, truly, 3
  • wete (sauoir, H.), wit, know, learn, 91, 111
  • wexe (deuiengnent, H.), wax, become, 32
  • wexe, waxed, grew, 30, 31, 52
  • weyne, vein, 19
  • whan, whanne, won, 15, 42, 59
  • whedir, whither, 41
  • whit (sc. with) the dede (ou fait, H.), in the act, 44
  • wombe (ventre, H.), belly, 111
  • wombe of mynde (ventre de la memoire, H.), inmost mind, 55
  • wood, woode (forsennee, enragez, H.), mad, furious, 30, 65, 72
  • woodnes (forcennage, enragerie, H.), madness, fury, 29, 30, 67
  • worthynesses (proueces, H.), worthy deeds, 27
  • wote (scay, scez, H.), know, 12, 98
  • wreke (ateines, H.), vengeance, 11
  • wylne (v.), will, 16
  • wymple (guimple, H.), wimple, 53
  • wynnors (gaignons, H.), 11. According to Godefroy, Dict. de l’ancienne langue Française, s.v., “gaignon” means a “mâtin, chien de basse-cour,” and then a “homme vil et mechant,” or, as we say, a “cur.” Scrope seems to have confounded it with “gaigneur,” from “gagner,” to win.
  • wyse, manner, 16, 20, 40
  • wytte (sens, H.), wit, sense, 12
  • yaf, yafe, gave, 17, 19, 38
  • yate, gate, 30
  • yche, each, 67
  • ye, eye, 32
  • yef, if, 9
  • yefe, give, 20
  • yefer, giver, 38
  • yeffeth, yeffyth, giveth, 82, 84
  • yeffve, give, 83
  • yeftis, gifts, 2
  • yen, eyes, 44
  • yeris meynde (luniversaire, H.), anniversary, 106
  • yete, get (imper.), 11. The line should probably be read, “And wyth vs strey[n]gth be (sc. by) honesty þe yete,” cf. “Et auec nous te couuient force,” H.
  • yeveth, yevyth, giveth, 18, 23, 39
  • yevyng, giving, 3
  • yif, yife, give (imper.), 14, 19
  • yiff, give, 83
  • yiffeth, giveth, 18, 21
  • yite, yet, 71
  • yode, went, 73
  • yofe, given, 21
  • yolden, yielded, given up, 87
  • youen, youyn, yoven, yovyn, given, 2, 7, 19, 20, 21, 22, etc.
  • yraigne (yraigne, H.), spider, 71
  • ȝate, gate, 7
  • ȝates, gates, 11