INDEX
- A
- Aliens, as citizens and allegiance of, 1
- Allegiance, 222
- Ambassadors, 119, 120, 137
- Amendments, protect fundamental rights, 22;
- the Sixteenth, 23, 24, 57, 61;
- I.-XVII., 28, 29, 57, 58, 61;
- Fourteenth, 96, 97;
- Eleventh, the, 114, 115;
- first ten, 173–175, 199, 200;
- Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, 175;
- Thirteenth, 176, 198, 200;
- Fourteenth, 176, 198, 200, 206, 207, 216, 217;
- Fifth, 198;
- Fifteenth, 222, 223;
- Ninth, 200;
- Tenth, 200, 203;
- Fourth, 203;
- Seventh, 210
- Anti-Trust Act, 83, 84, 85
- Appropriations, 22, 171;
- of Representatives and Senators, 179
- Arizona, admission of, 158
- Army, 171
- Asylum, right of, 152, 153
- Attainder, bill of, 22, 171, 172
- B
- Bank, State, 89, 90
- Bankruptcies, 36, 37
- Bible, in public schools, 202, 203
- Bill of credit, 41
- Bill of Rights, 173–175;
- the Constitution a, 187, 210, 211
- Bonds, 90
- Boycott, 84
- C
- Cabinet, the, 105, 106
- California, law of, held constitutional, 220
- Carriers, Common, 87
- Charters, 91
- Checks and balances, 164, 165;
- on the Executive, 166–169;
- on Congress, 170–177, 178;
- on the States, 176–181
- Checks on Congress, 27
- Chief Justice, in Court of Impeachment, 103, 108, 109
- Cities, jurisdiction over, 48
- Citizen, of a territory, of a State, 141, 142;
- privileges and immunities of, 149, 150, 212, 215, 220;
- as participant in the federal government, 182;
- as elector, 216
- Citizens, privileges and immunities of, 149, 150, 163 (note)
- Citizenship, defined, 212;
- two citizenships, 212, 213, 226–229
- Civil Rights Bill, 218, 219
- Comity, the law of State, 146–163
- Commerce, regulation of interstate, 22;
- law of, 63–88;
- regulation of, belongs to sovereignty, 63, 64;
- defined, 67;
- State and interstate, 63–88;
- unlawful restraint of, 72;
- when an article is of, 73;
- distinguished from manufacture, 73;
- “taxation of commerce,” meaning of, 75;
- principal of regulation of, 76, 77, 78;
- interstate, 78, 88;
- intrastate, 79, 80, 88;
- “foreign commerce,” 87, 88
- Confederation, a league, 7;
- unable to regulate commerce, 66
- Congress, law making by, 2, 18–50;
- determines extent of taxation, regulates commerce, protects citizens, determines jurisdiction of federal courts, assigns duties and powers to the President, 25;
- powers of, political, 26;
- abuse of powers by, 27;
- checks on, 27;
- test of authority of, 30, 31;
- powers of, derived, 34, 35;
- war power of, 46;
- power over territory, 48, 49, 50;
- power of, over commerce, 63–88;
- limitation of powers of, as to commerce, 69–88;
- debates in, as evidence in court, 127;
- decides political questions, 128;
- governs territory, 158–163;
- power over outlying possessions, 161, 162, 163;
- checks on, 170–176;
- unconstitutional legislation, 218, 219
- Constitution, the supreme law, 1;
- essential to sovereignty, 2;
- ordained by the people, 2;
- a practical instrument, 19, 20;
- provides only for judicial interpretation, 24;
- relative rank with act of Congress, 24, 25;
- unwritten, 27;
- how amended, 180, 181;
- administrative provisions in, 191, 192;
- essential features of, 194
- Constitutions, State, 1776–1787, 21;
- limit Legislatures, 22, 23
- Consuls, 119, 120, 137
- Contracts, between citizens of different States, 37, 38;
- obligation of, 37;
- a lawful, 40;
- law of, the, 89–101;
- obligation of, under the Constitution, 93, 94;
- constitutional use of the word, 98
- Convention, 107, 108
- Convention (federal), 6;
- to amend Constitution, 180, 181
- Cooley, quoted, 205
- Copyrights, 36, 43
- Corporations, municipal, 59;
- as citizen, 139, 142;
- rights of, 139, 140, 149
- Counterfeiting, 36, 41, 42
- Counties, jurisdiction over, 48
- Courts, inferior, 122 et seq.
- Courts, Territorial, 125
- Courts, Supreme and inferior, 113, 122, 123;
- jurisdiction of federal, 115 et seq.;
- Territorial, 125;
- political questions and the, 126;
- do not decide political questions, 128;
- province and duty of, 129;
- judicial supremacy, 129–131;
- essential power of the Supreme Court, 142, 143;
- federal sitting as State, 144, 145;
- limitation of federal, 178
- D
- Debts, of the U. S., 40
- Domain, eminent, exercise of, by U. S. or the States, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100
- “Due process of law,” charitable institutions not entitled to, or a person, 60;
- a fundamental right, 95, 204, 220
- Duties, export, 22; uniform, 40, 171
- Duty, a ministerial, 110, 111, 112
- E
- Election, disputed, of President or Vice-President, 180
- Elections, disputed presidential, 167
- Electors, denial of right of, 179
- England, as sovereign, 2
- Excises, 40, 171
- Executive, law of, 102–112;
- checks on, 166–169
- Exemption, from taxation (Churches, Schools, etc.), 60;
- from income tax, 61
- Expatriation, 222
- Expenditures, public statement of, 22
- Ex post facto law, 22, 171, 177, 224
- F
- Federalist, The, quoted or cited, 4, 8, 12, 13, 17, 33, 34, 35, 36, 116, 117, 118, 187
- Fee, license, 74
- Felonies, 44
- Florida, as a territory, status in U. S., 127
- France, as sovereign, 2
- Fugitives from justice, 151, 152;
- political, 153, 154
- Ft. Leavenworth Military Reservation, 48
- G
- Gallatin, Albert, on Louisiana purchase, 14, 15
- Government, representative, 2;
- republican form guaranteed, 6;
- a unit, 19;
- distinguished from sovereignty, 23;
- limited, affected by Sixteenth Amendment, 23, 24;
- national, when supreme, 34;
- nature of national, 38;
- Marshall’s differentiation between State and federal, 51;
- of the U. S., distinct from the State, 116;
- what constitutes a lawful State, 128;
- principal of separation of powers of, 135, 136;
- of the U. S. power of, 137, 138;
- what is a republican form of? 154, 155, 156
- Governor, power of extradition, 151, 152;
- issues writs of election, 179
- H
- Habeas Corpus, 21, 143
- Hamilton, on National and State systems, 13;
- as interpreter of the Constitution, 28;
- as to State and federal sovereignty 35, 36;
- on residuary sovereignty, 177;
- on the Constitution as a Bill of Rights, 187
- Hayes, President, on power of the President, 109, 110
- House of Representatives (U. S.) members, 103, 172, 179;
- election of, 182, 216.
- (See also Congress, Powers.)
- I
- Impeachment, 107
- Imports, 40
- Imposts, 171
- Information, prosecution by, 220
- Interstate commerce, testimony before, 225, 226
- J
- Jefferson, on Louisiana purchase, 13;
- as interpreter of the Constitution, 28
- Johnson, President, 103
- Judges, bound by the Constitution, 1
- Judiciary Act, 141
- Judiciary, as agent, 3, 4;
- law of judicial power, the, 113–145;
- supremacy of, 129–133
- Jurisdiction, of congress and legislatures, 18–50;
- principle of, 38;
- of the U. S., 45, 58, 63;
- of a State, 48;
- State and federal compared, 51, 68, 72, 73, 78, 80, 81, 82, 86, 91, 92, 95, 97;
- the test, 53;
- of the Executive, 102–112;
- of the Judiciary, 113–145;
- of Supreme and of inferior federal courts, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123;
- admiralty, 121;
- federal and State distinguished, 124, 125;
- as to political questions, 126, 127;
- original of Supreme Court, 136, 137;
- national commercial, 137;
- principal of State, 146, 147;
- no new conferred by the constitution, 146;
- determines citizenship, 151
- Jury, as used in the Constitution, 209, 210;
- indictment of, 220
- Justice, principles of natural, 50
- K
- Kansas, jurisdiction over Ft. Leavenworth Military Reservation, 48
- Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 17 (note)
- L
- Law, presumption of, 31;
- test of constitutionality, 30, 31;
- bankrupt, insolvent, 37, 38;
- postal, 42;
- patent, 44;
- common, 45;
- inspection, 81;
- due process of, 95;
- what is constitutional? 132, 135;
- ex post facto, 22, 171, 224
- Legislatures, State, powers of, 22, 35–37, 53, 90;
- discretion of, 54, 79;
- appoints presidential electors, 167;
- office of, 218
- Limitations, the law of, 164–190
- Lincoln, Levi, on Louisiana purchase, 14
- Lincoln, President, on law of limitations, 166;
- on tenure of Cabinet officers, 105
- Liquors, 97, 98
- Louisiana, power to purchase, 13, 14, 15
- M
- Madison, defines a republic, 4, 5;
- on power of national government, 12, 13
- Mails, 42;
- and lottery tickets, 43, 85, 86
- Mandamus, 111
- Manufacture, distinguished from commerce, 73;
- right to, 98
- Marque and reprisal, 37
- Marshall, Chief Justice, defines U. S. government, 6, 7;
- on taxing power, 9, 10;
- on war and treaty-making powers, 15;
- enthrones Hamilton’s ideas, 28;
- on sovereignty, 34;
- distinction by, between State and federal, 51;
- on regulation of commerce, 63, 119;
- on international law, 148;
- lays down principle of constitutional interpretation, 186, 187
- Massachusetts, constitution of 1780, 5
- Measures, 36, 37
- Ministers, public, 119, 120, 137
- Monopolies, 72, 83, 84
- N
- Naturalization, 221
- Nobility, title of, 172
- Nuisance, 97
- Nullification, 17
- O
- Oath, 2
- Office, legal right to, 91;
- constitutional meaning of, 103
- P
- Package, original, 75
- Parliament, 21
- Parties, political, interpret the Constitution, 27, 28
- Patent rights, 36, 43
- People, The, sovereign, 2;
- author of supreme law, 5, 6;
- power to amend constitution, 7;
- sovereignty of, 12, 13
- Piracies, 44, 45
- Polygamy, 203
- Possessions, outlying, power of Congress over, 161, 162, 163
- Post offices, 42
- Post roads, 42
- Powers, derivative 2;
- original and derivative distinguished, 5;
- taxing, 9;
- legislative, 18–50;
- defined, 18;
- character of, 18–50;
- separation of, 19, 20;
- of respective Houses, 20, 21, 22;
- limitations of, 18, 22, 23, 24;
- American doctrine of, 19;
- parliamentary, 20, 21;
- nature and extent of Constitutional, 21;
- of Congress reflect eighteenth century ideas, 25, 26;
- of Congress derivative, 34, 35;
- implied, 36;
- conflict between State and federal, 36–39;
- implied or expressed, 38, 39, 55;
- police, 42–45, 73, 74, 79, 81, 91, 92, 98, 121, 205–208;
- of Congress as to crime or immorality, 42;
- taxing, 52, et seq.;
- of State governments, 55, 56;
- judicial review of taxing, 57, 58;
- police powers of U. S. and States distinguished, 68;
- residuary of States, 73;
- taxing by State and U. S. defined, 76;
- law of executive, 102–112;
- law of judicial, 113–145;
- the U. S. Government, 137–139;
- exact division between State and federal unknown, 183;
- delegated, 191
- Preamble, 26, 76
- President, veto of, 2;
- military and naval power, 46;
- executes U. S. laws, 46;
- character of his decisions, 46, 47;
- nature of powers of, 102–112;
- oath of, 102;
- trial of, 103;
- test of execution of office of, 103;
- Johnson, 103;
- impeachment of, 102, 103, 107, 108
- Principles of Constitutional law, as to sovereignty, 9, 39, 217;
- separation of powers, 19;
- limitations, 22, 27;
- learned from judicial decisions, 30;
- as to adequate federal powers, 33, 34, 54;
- of natural justice, 50;
- as to commerce, 70;
- as to the police power, 92;
- as to obligation of contracts, 93;
- consequentive damages, 99;
- of judicial power, 130; 136;
- of federal judicial jurisdiction, 142, 143;
- of State comity, 147, 150;
- as to powers of Congress, 183;
- constitutional interpretation, 186, 187;
- fundamental rights, 191–211;
- equality of citizens, 217;
- due process of law, 219, 220;
- of citizenship, 221
- Prohibition, 97, 98
- R
- Receipts, publication of, 22
- Residuary sovereignty, 12
- Revenue, bills of, 172
- Rights, the law of fundamental, 190–211;
- religious liberty, 191, 195;
- freedom of speech, of the press, 196, 197;
- right of petition, 197;
- exemption from searches and seizures, 197, 198, 225;
- life, liberty, property, 199;
- realized through the Judiciary, 201;
- relation to Constitutional limitations, 202;
- trial by jury, 209, 210;
- bills of, 210, 211
- S
- Senate (U. S.) members, 103, 172, 179;
- treaties, 104;
- as Court of Impeachment, 108;
- represents the States, 180;
- election of, 216.
- (See also Congress, Powers.)
- Services, Constitutional meaning of, 103
- Sovereignty, agent of, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12;
- delegated to Congress, 19, 20;
- of the people, 34;
- Hamilton on State and federal, 35, 36;
- national, 38, 39, 41, 100;
- possessed by U. S. and by States, 47;
- State distinguished from federal, 51;
- as to commerce, 63;
- of Congress over outlying possessions, 161–163
- State (in the Union), quasi-sovereign, 2;
- Legislature, 2;
- sovereignty of, 6–9, 55, 100;
- supremacy of, 34;
- powers of Legislatures derivative, 35, 36
- State, powers of legislature extinguished by Congress, 36;
- implied powers of, 36;
- power to punish counterfeiting, 41, 42;
- police power of, 43, 44, 45, 79, 81, 91, 92, 98, 121, 205, 206, 207, 208;
- meaning of “State” in the Constitution, 47, 48, 141;
- and U. S. possess sovereignty, 47;
- subdivisions of, 48;
- system of State government distinguished from federal, 51;
- power of, over commerce, 64, 67;
- limitation of jurisdiction of, 82;
- may be petitioned, not suable, 114, 115;
- what constitutes a republican form of, 128;
- suability, 140;
- the word “States” in the Constitution, 141;
- jurisdiction of, determined, 147;
- principle of relation of State to State, 147, 148;
- law of in federal courts, 148;
- the States mutually foreign to one another, 148;
- rights of citizens of, 149;
- admission of a, 156, 157;
- the States indestructible, 158;
- new States, 173;
- limitation of power of, 176–181;
- the States as limitations on the U. S., 179, 180;
- appoints presidential electors, 179;
- subdivision of, 180;
- guaranteed a republican form of government, 180;
- States and amendment of the Constitution, 180, 181;
- citizenship, 213
- Suffrage, 223
- Supreme Court of the U. S., Marshall’s decisions, 28;
- principle of interpretation, 31, 34, 39, 186;
- on boundary between the federal and State systems, 51;
- part of the judicial department, 56;
- powers not delegated, 59;
- has not defined power over commerce, 63;
- nature of power of U. S. over commerce, 65, 76, 77;
- decisions on Anti-Trust Act, 83, 84;
- on obligation of contracts, 93;
- adequacy of its authority, 106;
- on executive and ministerial powers, 112;
- judicial power of, 113, 114 et seq.;
- jurisdiction, original and appellate, 119–136;
- on the war power, 127;
- nature of jurisdiction, 129–142;
- determines constitutional law, 133–135;
- jurisdiction under the Judiciary Act, 141;
- relation to State tribunals, 144, 145;
- as to republican form of government, 155, 156;
- decision of as to power of Congress over Territories and possessions, 160–163, 183, 184, 201;
- on delegated powers, 175;
- jurisdiction when a State is a party, 178;
- function of the Judiciary, 185;
- power of U. S. to acquire territory, 193;
- power vested in, 194;
- on the nature of American institutions, 210, 211;
- on citizens’ rights, 214;
- on “due process of law,” 220;
- on the Fifteenth Amendment, 222, 223
- “Sweeping Clause,” 26
- T
- Tax, export, 22, 52;
- essentials of a good, 52, 60, 61;
- income, 58 (and see under Amendment);
- exemptions, 60;
- direct, indirect, 61
- Taxation, law of, 51–62;
- by a State, 52–56;
- national, 54;
- power of U. S. over, 65, 66
- Tender, legal, 38, 39
- Territory, when sovereign, 47;
- power of Congress over, 48, 141, 183;
- the law of, and of territories, 146–163;
- becoming a State, 157, 158;
- governed by Congress, 159, 160, 162, 163
- Texas, law of, regulating commerce, 80
- Tickets, lottery, 43, 83, 85
- Treason, 172
- Treaties, 104;
- in the Senate, 180
- U
- United States, supreme law of, 2 et seq.;
- laws of, by whom made, 2;
- guarantees republican form of government, 6;
- sovereignty of, 8–13;
- organization of, reflects popular will, 18;
- governmental functions of, 19, 20;
- powers of, 20 et seq.;
- admiralty, jurisdiction of, 45, 46;
- war power of, 46;
- and States possess sovereignty, 47;
- civil system of, distinguished from State, 51;
- powers of, as to States, 54–57;
- power over commerce, 63–88;
- the peace of, 85;
- police power of, 95;
- citizenship, 214, 216, 217
- V
- Veto, 2
- Vice-President, 108
- W
- Waite, Chief Justice, quoted, 92
- Waters, navigable, 46
- Webster, Daniel, his definition of law, 205
- Weights, 36, 37
- Wilson, James, on the Constitution a Bill of Rights, 187, 188